The Effects of Communication Interface Proximity on User Anxiety for Crime Alerts Received on Desktop, Laptop, and Hand-Held Devices

Communication Research

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 375-403

  Xie, Wenjing ^a   Newhagen, John E ^b  

^a SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

anxiety; arousal; emotion; hand held; human computer interaction; mobile; news; proximity; ubiquitous computing; ubiquity; valence

Indexed keywords

EID: 84894341131     PISSN: 00936502     EISSN: 15523810     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0093650212448670     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. A killer in Blacksburg [Editorial]. (2007, April17). The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/.
2. Auslander P.Liveness: Performance in a mediated culture. London: Routledge; 1999:.
3. Bandura A.Social learning theory. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1977:.
4. Fundamentals of wearable computers and augmental reality. Barfield W.Caudell T., ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2001:.
5. Barlow D.Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety, and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory.American Psychologist. 2000;55 (11): 1247-1263.
6. Beniger J.The control revolution: Technological and economic origins of the information society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1986:.
7. Bodenhausen G.,Sheppard L.,Kramer G.Negative affect and social judgment: The differential impact of anger and sadness.European Journal of Social Psychology. 1994;24:45-62.
8. Bradley M.,Greenwald M.,Petry M.,Lang P.Remembering pictures: Pleasure and arousal in memory.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition. 1992;18 (2): 379-390.
9. Bradley M.,Lang P.Measuring emotion.Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 1994;25:49-59.
10. Bridges J.,Bridges L.Changes in news use on the front pages of the American daily newspaper, 1986-1993.Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 1997;74 (4): 826-838.
11. Brosius H.The effects of emotional pictures in television news.Communication Research. 1993;20 (1): 105-124.
12. Bucy E.Emotion, presidential communication, and traumatic news: Processing the World Trade Center attacks.Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics. 2003;8 (4): 76-96.
13. Cattell R.,Scheier I.The meaning and measurement of neuroticism and anxiety. New York, NY: Ronald; 1962:.
14. ChoneyS. (2010, April16). Campus alerts go beyond text messaging. Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.com.
15. Clark L.,Watson D.,Mineka S.Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders.Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1994;103:103-116.
16. Darwin C.The expression of emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray; 1873:.
17. Dixon R.,Lerner R.Developmental psychology: An advanced textbook. 1988). A history of systems in developmental psychology. In BornsteinM. H.LambM. E. (Eds.), Developmental psychology: An advanced textbook (2nd ed., pp. 3-50). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Bornstein M. H.Lamb M. E., ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988:3-50.
18. Dysart J.When danger strikes.American School Board Journal. 2008;195:48-49.
19. Eisenberg N.,Silver R.Growing up in the shadow of terrorism.American Psychologist. 2011;66 (6): 468-481.
20. Etoh M.Insights into mobile multimedia communications. MULTIMEDIA' 07: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia; 2007Augsburg, Germany; 2007.
21. Eysenck H.The inheritance of extraversion-introversion.Actia Psychological. 1956;12:95-110.
22. Eysenck M.Anxiety: The cognitive perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1992:.
23. FBI. (2010). Crimes in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/violent-crime.
24. Flanagin A.IM online: Instant messenging use among college students.Communication Research Reports. 2005;22 (3): 175-187.
25. Freud S.The ego and the id. London: Hogarth; 1923:.
26. Frijda N.The laws of emotion.American Psychologist. 1988;43 (5): 349-358.
27. Galea S.,Nandi A.,Vlahov D.The epistemology of post-traumatic stress disorder after disasters.Epidemiologic Review. 2005;27 (1): 78-91.
28. Galea S.,Resnick H.Post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population after mass terrorist incidents.CNS Spectrums. 2005;10 (2): 107-115.
29. Garrison B.Professional news writing. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1990:.
30. Geiger S.,Newhagen J. E.Revealing the black box: An information processing approach to understanding media effects.Journal of Communication. 1993;43 (4): 42-50.
31. Geiger S.,Reeves B.Television and political advertising. Biocca F., ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1991:125-144.
32. Gibbs C.,Warhover T.Getting the whole story: Reporting and writing the news. New York, NY: Guilford; 2002:.
33. Gibson J.The ecological approach to visual perception. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1979:.
34. Gibson W.Spook country. New York, NY: Berkeley Books; 2007:.
35. Grabe M.,Kamhawi R.Hard wired for negative news? Gender differences in processing broadcast news.Communication Research. 2006;33 (5): 346-369.
36. Grabe M.,Lang A.,Zhou S.,Bollis P.Cognitive access to negatively arousing news: An experimental investigation of the knowledge gap.Communication Research. 2000;27 (1): 3-26.
37. Greengard S.Living in a digital world.Communications of the ACM. 2012;54 (10): 17-19.
38. Grinker R.Anxiety and behavior. Spielberger C., ed. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1966:129-142.
39. Gross K. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association Annual Meeting; 2006Dresden, Germany; 2006.
40. Hallnäs L.,Redström J.From use to presence: On the expressions and aesthetics of everyday computational things.ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. 2002;9 (2): 106-124.
41. Hanley B.,Becker M.Cell phone usage and advertising acceptance among college students: A four-year analysis.International Journal of Mobile Marketing. 2008;3 (1): 67-80.
42. Hair J.,Anderson R.,Tatham R.,Black W.Multivariate data analysis with readings. 1995). Multivariate data analysis with readings (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1995:.
43. Hebb D.Drives and the C.N.S. (conceptual nervous system).The Psychological Review. 1955;62 (4): 243-254.
44. Held R.,Durlach N.Telepresence.Presence. 1992;1 (2): 109-112.
45. Helena B. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International communication Association; 2003San Diego, CA; 2003.
46. HepburnA. (2011, January18). Facebook statistics, stats & facts for 2011. Retrieved from http://www.digitalbuzzblog.com/facebook-statistics-stats-facts-2011/.
47. Ishii K.Implications of mobility: The use of personal communication media in everyday life.Journal of Communication. 2006;56:346-365.
48. Jin Y.Making sense sensibly in crisis communication: How publics' crisis appraisals influence their negative emotions, coping strategy preferences, and crisis response acceptance.Communication Research. 2010;37 (4): 522-552.
49. Johnson W.,Davey G.The psychological impact of negative TV news bulletins.British Journal of Psychology. 1997;88 (1): 85-91.
50. Johnston R.,Waller V.,Milton S.Situated information systems: Supporting routine activity in organizations.International Journal of Business Information Systems. 2005;1 (2): 53-82.
51. Kakihara M.,Sørensen C.Expanding the "mobility" concept. Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences; 2002; 2002. 131.
52. Karlson A.,Meyers B.,Jacobs A.,Johns P.,Kane S.Working overtime: Patterns of smartphone and PC usage in the day of an information worker.Pervasive Computing. 2009;5538:398-405.
53. Katz E.,Blumler J.,Gurevitch M.The uses and mass communications: Current perspectives on gratification research. Blumler J.Katz E., ed. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; 1974:21-29.
54. Kristoffersen S.,Ljungberg F.Planet Internet. Baraa K.Sørensen C.Dahlbom B., ed. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur; 2000:217-238.
55. Lang P.Anxiety and the anxiety disorder. Turna A.Maser J., ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1985:131-170.
56. Lang A.,Bradley S.,Chung Y.,Lee S.Where the mind meets the message: Reflections on ten years of measuring psychological responses to media.Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 2003;47:650-655.
57. Lang A.,Bradley S.,Park B.,Shin M.,Chung Y.Parsing the resource pie: Using STRTs to measure attention to mediated messages.Media Psychology. 2006;8 (4): 369-394.
58. Larsen R.,Diener E.Problems and promises with the circumplex model of emotion.Review of Personality and Social Psychology. 1992;13:25-59.
59. Lazarus R.Emotion and adaptation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1991:.
60. Lee K.Presence, explicated.Communication Theory. 2004a;14:27-50.
61. Lee K.Why presence occurs: Evolutionary psychology, media equation, and presence.Presence. 2004b;13 (4): 494-505.
62. Lee K.,Nass C.Social-psychological origins of feelings of presence: Creating social presence with machine-generated voices.Media Psychology. 2005;7 (1): 31-45.
63. Levitt E.The psychology of anxiety. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1980:.
64. LombardM. (2000, July11). Resources for the study of presence: Presence explication. Retrieved from http://nimbus.temple.edu/~mlombard/Presence/explicat.htm.
65. LombardM.DittonT. (1997). At the heart of it all: The concept of presence. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2). Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue2/lombard.html.
66. LongC. (2009, January17). OMG!: Text messaging an important part of response. Associated Press Online. Retrieved from http://abclocal.go.com/kfsn/story?section=news/national_world&id=6610353.
67. Lucky R.Visual ubiquity.IEEE Spectrum. 2012;49 (1): 27.
68. MarkoffJ. (2007, January8). A personal computer to carry in a pocket. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com.
69. Marshall R.,Bryant R.,Amsel L.,Suh E.,Cook J.,Neria Y.The psychology of ongoing threat: Relative risk appraisal, the September 11 attacks, and terrorism-related fears.American Psychologist. 2007;62 (4): 304-316.
70. McLuhan M.Understanding media: The extensions of man. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 1994:.
71. Miller N.,Dollard J.Social learning and imitation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 1941:.
72. Miller A.,Leshner G.How viewer process live, breaking, and emotional TV news.Media Psychology. 2007;10 (1): 23-40.
73. Morton L.,Warren J.Proximity: Localization vs. distance in PR news releases.Journalism Quarterly. 1992;69 (4): 1023-1028.
74. MozesA. (2012, January19). Your Smartphone may be stressing you out. Retrieved from http://healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.aspx?docID=660651.
75. Nabi R.Anger, fear, uncertainty, and attitudes: A test of the cognitive-functional model.Communication Monographs. 2002;69 (3): 204-216.
76. Nabi R.Exploring the framing effects of emotion: Do discrete emotions differentially influence information accessibility, information seeking, and policy preference?.Communication Research. 2003;30:224-247.
77. Nass C.,Moon Y.Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers.Journal of Social Issues. 2000;56 (1): 81-103.
78. Neria Y.,DiGrande L.,Adams B.Posttraumatic stress disorder following the September 11, 2011, terrorist attacks: A review of the literature among highly exposed populations.American Psychologist. 2011;66 (6): 429-446.
79. Newhagen J.TV news images that induce anger, fear, and disgust: Effects on approach-avoidance and memory.Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 1998;42 (2): 265-277.
80. Newhagen J.Information processing: A more inclusive paradigm for the study of the mass media effects.Human Communication Research. 2000;26 (1): 99-103.
81. Newhagen J.,Lewenstein M.Cultivation and exposure to television following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.Mass Communication Review. 1992;19 (1-2): 49-56.
82. Newhagen J.,Reeves B.This evening's bad news: Effects of compelling negative television news images on memory.Journal of Communication. 1992;42 (2): 25-41.
83. Norman D.,Bobrow D.On data-limited and resource-limited processes.Cognitive Psychology. 1975;7:44-64.
84. Novotney A.Dangerous distraction.Monitor on Psychology. 2009;40 (2): 32-36.
85. Oei T.,Moylan A.,Evans L.Validity and clinical utility of the Fear Questionnaire for anxiety-disorder patients.Psychological Assessment. 1991;3:391-397.
86. Pauley P.,Hesse C.The effects of social support, depression and stress on drinking behaviors in a college student sample.Communication Studies. 2009;60 (5): 493-508.
87. Pett M.,Lackey N.,Sullivan J.Making sense of factor analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2003:.
88. Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project. (2010, March1). Understanding the participatory news consumer. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Online-News.aspx?r=1.
89. Plutchik R.Approaches to emotion. Scherer K. R.Ekman P., ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1984:.
90. Potter R.The effects of voice changes on orienting and immediate cognitive overload in radio listeners.Media Psychology. 2000;2 (2): 147-177.
91. Ramchand R.,MacDonald J.,Haviland A.,Morral A.A developmental approach for measuring the severity of crimes.Journal of Quantitative Criminology. 2009;25 (2): 129-153.
92. Reeves B.,Nass C.The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places. Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information; 1996:.
93. RichtelM. (2010, August24). Digital devices deprive brain of needed downtime. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com.
94. RowlandK. (2008, April16). Tech send an alert to all U.S. colleges: Text, phone warnings adopted. The Washington Times. Retrieved from http://www.washingtontimes.com.
95. Rubin A.Audience activity and media use.Communication Monographs. 1993;60:98-103.
96. Rubin A.Media effects: Advances in theory and research. Bryant J.Zillmann D., ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002:525-548.
97. Rubin A.,Rubin R.Interface of personal and mediated communication: A research agenda.Critical Studies in Mass Communication. 1985;2 (1): 36-53.
98. Satyanarayanan M.Pervasive computing: Vision and challenges.IEEE Personal Communications. 2001;:10-17.
99. Sheridan T.Musings on telepresence and virtual presence.Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. 1992;1 (1): 120-126.
100. Sherry J.Media effects theory and the nature/nurture debate: A historical overview and directions for future research.Media Psychology. 2004;6 (1): 83-109.
101. Shneiderman B.Leonardo's laptop. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 2003:.
102. Shneiderman B.,Plaisant C.Designing the user interface: Strategies for effective human-computer interaction. 2004). Designing the user interface: Strategies for effective human-computer interaction (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Addison Wesley.Boston, MA: Pearson/Addison Wesley; 2004:.
103. Shoemaker P. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication; 1985Memphis, TN; 1985.
104. Shoemaker P.Hardwired for news: Using biological and cultural evolution to explain the surveillance function.Journal of Communiation. 1996;46 (3): 32-47.
105. Shoemaker P.,Lee J.,Han G.,Cohen A.Proximity and scope as news values Media studies: Key issues and debates. Devereux E., ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2007:231-248.
106. Spielberger C.Anxiety and behavior. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1966:.
107. Spielberger C.Anxiety and behavior. Spielberger C., ed. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1972:2-33.
108. Spielberger C.,Gorsuch R.,Lushene R.Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970:.
109. Tamminen S.,Oulasvirta E.,Toiskallio K.,Kankainen A.Understanding mobile contexts.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 2004;8 (2): 135-143.
110. Uribe R.,Gunter B.Are "sensational" news stories more likely to trigger viewers' emotions than non-sensational news stories? A content analysis of British TV news.European Journal of Communication. 2007;22 (2): 207-228.
111. Vänänen-Vaino-Mattila K.,Ruuska S.Information appliances and beyond: Interaction design for consumer products. Bergman E., ed. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann; 2000:169-204.
112. Waller V.,Johnston R.Making ubiquitous computing available.Communications of the ACM. 2009;52 (10): 127-130.
113. Weiser M.The computer for the 21st century.Scientific American. 1991;265 (3): 66-75.
114. Weiser M.Ubiquitous computing.Computers. 1993;26:71-72.
115. Weiser M.,Brown J.Designing calm technology.PowerGrid Journal. 1996;1 (1): 7-15.
116. Wells A.A metacognitive model and therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder.Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 1999;6:86-95.
117. Wimmer R.,Dominick J.Mass media research: An introduction. Boston, MA: Wadsworth; 2006:.
118. Winer B.,Brown D.,Michels K.Statistical principles in experimental design. 1991). Statistical principles in experimental design (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1991:.
119. Zechmeister E.,Nyberg S.Human memory: An introduction to research and theory. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co; 1982:.
120. Zheng W.,Yuan Y.Identifying the differences between stationary office support and mobile work support: A conceptual framework.International Journal of Mobile Communications. 2007;5 (1): 107-122.
121. Zhou S.Effects of visual intensity and audiovisual redundancy in bad news.Media Psychology. 2004;6 (3): 237-256.
122. Zillmann D.,Gibson R.,Sargent S.Effects of photographs in news-magazine reports on issue perception.Media Psychology. 1999;1 (3): 207-228.