메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 356-366

The use of PBPK models to inform human health risk assessment: Case study on perchlorate and radioiodide human lifestage models

Author keywords

Human; PBPK model; Perchlorate; Radioiodide; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

PERCHLORATE; RADIOACTIVE IODINE;

EID: 84894288164     PISSN: 02724332     EISSN: 15396924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/risa.12101     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (38)
  • 1
    • 11344264355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framework for evaluation of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models for use in safety or risk assessment
    • Epub 2005/01/22. doi: RISK561 [pii] 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00561.x. PubMed PMID: 15660623.
    • Clark LH, Setzer RW, Barton HA. Framework for evaluation of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models for use in safety or risk assessment. Risk Analysis, 2004; 24(6):1697-1717. Epub 2005/01/22. doi: RISK561 [pii] 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00561.x. PubMed PMID: 15660623.
    • (2004) Risk Analysis , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 1697-1717
    • Clark, L.H.1    Setzer, R.W.2    Barton, H.A.3
  • 3
    • 84857929643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model use in risk assessment-Why being published is not enough
    • Toxicological Sciences, Epub 2011/11/03. doi: kfr295 [pii] 10.1093/toxsci/kfr295. PubMed PMID: 22045031.
    • McLanahan ED, El-Masri H, Sweeney LM, Kopylev L, Clewell HJ, Wambaugh J, et al. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model use in risk assessment-Why being published is not enough. Toxicological Sciences, 2011. Epub 2011/11/03. doi: kfr295 [pii] 10.1093/toxsci/kfr295. PubMed PMID: 22045031.
    • (2011)
    • McLanahan, E.D.1    El-Masri, H.2    Sweeney, L.M.3    Kopylev, L.4    Clewell, H.J.5    Wambaugh, J.6
  • 4
    • 12344259606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PBPK model for radioactive iodide and perchlorate kinetics and perchlorate-induced inhibition of iodide uptake in humans
    • Epub 2004/10/29. doi: kfi017 [pii] 10.1093/toxsci/kfi017. PubMed PMID: 15509666.
    • Merrill EA, Clewell RA, Robinson PJ, Jarabek AM, Gearhart JM, Sterner TR, Fisher JW. PBPK model for radioactive iodide and perchlorate kinetics and perchlorate-induced inhibition of iodide uptake in humans. Toxicological Sciences 2005; 83(1):25-43. Epub 2004/10/29. doi: kfi017 [pii] 10.1093/toxsci/kfi017. PubMed PMID: 15509666.
    • (2005) Toxicological Sciences , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-43
    • Merrill, E.A.1    Clewell, R.A.2    Robinson, P.J.3    Jarabek, A.M.4    Gearhart, J.M.5    Sterner, T.R.6    Fisher, J.W.7
  • 5
    • 34047154532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perchlorate and radioiodide kinetics across life stages in the human: Using PBPK models to predict dosimetry and thyroid inhibition and sensitive subpopulations based on developmental stage
    • Epub 2007/04/25. doi: 776131588 [pii] 10.1080/15287390600755216. PubMed PMID: 17454566.
    • Clewell RA, Merrill EA, Gearhart JM, Robinson PJ, Sterner TR, Mattie DR, Clewell HJ. Perchlorate and radioiodide kinetics across life stages in the human: Using PBPK models to predict dosimetry and thyroid inhibition and sensitive subpopulations based on developmental stage. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2007; 70(5):408-428. Epub 2007/04/25. doi: 776131588 [pii] 10.1080/15287390600755216. PubMed PMID: 17454566.
    • (2007) Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A , vol.70 , Issue.5 , pp. 408-428
    • Clewell, R.A.1    Merrill, E.A.2    Gearhart, J.M.3    Robinson, P.J.4    Sterner, T.R.5    Mattie, D.R.6    Clewell, H.J.7
  • 7
    • 0035708743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perchlorate: Problems, detection, and solutions
    • doi: DOI 10.1006/enfo.2001.0059. PubMed PMID: ISI:000173604500007.
    • Motzer WE. Perchlorate: Problems, detection, and solutions. Environmental Forensics, 2001; 2(4):301-311. doi: DOI 10.1006/enfo.2001.0059. PubMed PMID: ISI:000173604500007.
    • (2001) Environmental Forensics , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 301-311
    • Motzer, W.E.1
  • 8
    • 0031894033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perchlorate and the thyroid gland
    • Epub 1998/04/29. PubMed PMID: 9549759.
    • Wolff J. Perchlorate and the thyroid gland. Pharmacological Reviews, 1998; 50(1):89-105. Epub 1998/04/29. PubMed PMID: 9549759.
    • (1998) Pharmacological Reviews , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-105
    • Wolff, J.1
  • 9
    • 1542619542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for competitive inhibition of iodide uptake by perchlorate and translocation of perchlorate into the thyroid
    • Epub 2004/05/28. doi: 10.1080/10915810490275044 L2FW43EE5UH0RPHL [pii]. PubMed PMID: 15162843.
    • Clewell RA, Merrill EA, Narayanan L, Gearhart JM, Robinson PJ. Evidence for competitive inhibition of iodide uptake by perchlorate and translocation of perchlorate into the thyroid. International Journal of Toxicology, 2004; 23(1):17-23. Epub 2004/05/28. doi: 10.1080/10915810490275044 L2FW43EE5UH0RPHL [pii]. PubMed PMID: 15162843.
    • (2004) International Journal of Toxicology , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-23
    • Clewell, R.A.1    Merrill, E.A.2    Narayanan, L.3    Gearhart, J.M.4    Robinson, P.J.5
  • 10
    • 0013934653 scopus 로고
    • Effects of thiocyanate, perchlorate and other anions on thyroidal iodine metabolism
    • Epub 1966/08/01. PubMed PMID: 4288428.
    • Greer MA, Stott AK, Milne KA. Effects of thiocyanate, perchlorate and other anions on thyroidal iodine metabolism. Endocrinology, 1966; 79(2):237-247. Epub 1966/08/01. PubMed PMID: 4288428.
    • (1966) Endocrinology , vol.79 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-247
    • Greer, M.A.1    Stott, A.K.2    Milne, K.A.3
  • 11
    • 0019464945 scopus 로고
    • Intrathyroidally generated iodide: The role of transport in its utilization
    • Epub 1981/03/01. PubMed PMID: 7460845.
    • Hildebrandt JD, Halmi NS. Intrathyroidally generated iodide: The role of transport in its utilization. Endocrinology, 1981; 108(3):842-849. Epub 1981/03/01. PubMed PMID: 7460845.
    • (1981) Endocrinology , vol.108 , Issue.3 , pp. 842-849
    • Hildebrandt, J.D.1    Halmi, N.S.2
  • 12
    • 66349101879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive inhibition of thyroidal uptake of dietary iodide by perchlorate does not describe perturbations in rat serum total T4 and TSH
    • Epub 2009/05/30. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0800111. PubMed PMID: 19479014; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2685834.
    • McLanahan ED, Andersen ME, Campbell JL, Fisher JW. Competitive inhibition of thyroidal uptake of dietary iodide by perchlorate does not describe perturbations in rat serum total T4 and TSH. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2009; 117(5):731-738. Epub 2009/05/30. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0800111. PubMed PMID: 19479014; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2685834.
    • (2009) Environmental Health Perspectives , vol.117 , Issue.5 , pp. 731-738
    • McLanahan, E.D.1    Andersen, M.E.2    Campbell, J.L.3    Fisher, J.W.4
  • 13
    • 85032847739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Research Council (NRC). Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • National Research Council (NRC). Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2005.
    • (2005) Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion
  • 14
    • 0018743066 scopus 로고
    • Effects of methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI), propylthiouracil (PTU), potassium perchlorate (KClO4) and potassium iodide (KI) on the serum concentrations of thyrotrophin (TSH) and thyroid hormones in the rat
    • Epub 1979/06/01. PubMed PMID: 111448.
    • Mannisto PT, Ranta T, Leppaluoto J. Effects of methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI), propylthiouracil (PTU), potassium perchlorate (KClO4) and potassium iodide (KI) on the serum concentrations of thyrotrophin (TSH) and thyroid hormones in the rat. Acta Endocrinologica (Copenh), 1979; 91(2):271-281. Epub 1979/06/01. PubMed PMID: 111448.
    • (1979) Acta Endocrinologica (Copenh) , vol.91 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-281
    • Mannisto, P.T.1    Ranta, T.2    Leppaluoto, J.3
  • 15
    • 0033851325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 90-day drinking water toxicity study in rats of the environmental contaminant ammonium perchlorate
    • Epub 2000/08/31. PubMed PMID: 10966512.
    • Siglin JC, Mattie DR, Dodd DE, Hildebrandt PK, Baker WH. A 90-day drinking water toxicity study in rats of the environmental contaminant ammonium perchlorate. Toxicological Sciences, 2000; 57(1):61-74. Epub 2000/08/31. PubMed PMID: 10966512.
    • (2000) Toxicological Sciences , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-74
    • Siglin, J.C.1    Mattie, D.R.2    Dodd, D.E.3    Hildebrandt, P.K.4    Baker, W.H.5
  • 16
    • 0036354637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of perchlorate and its effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in the male rat
    • Epub 2002/07/26. doi: S0041008×02994329 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 12140178.
    • Yu KO, Narayanan L, Mattie DR, Godfrey RJ, Todd PN, Sterner TR, Mahle DA, Lumpkin MH, Fisher JW. The pharmacokinetics of perchlorate and its effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in the male rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2002; 182(2):148-159. Epub 2002/07/26. doi: S0041008×02994329 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 12140178.
    • (2002) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , vol.182 , Issue.2 , pp. 148-159
    • Yu, K.O.1    Narayanan, L.2    Mattie, D.R.3    Godfrey, R.J.4    Todd, P.N.5    Sterner, T.R.6    Mahle, D.A.7    Lumpkin, M.H.8    Fisher, J.W.9
  • 17
    • 30344445351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining the effects observed in a developmental neurobehavioral study of ammonium perchlorate administered orally in drinking water to rats. II. Behavioral and neurodevelopment effects
    • Epub 2006/01/06. doi: K0670106718H7G32 [pii] 10.1080/10915810500367094. PubMed PMID: 16393938.
    • York RG, Barnett J, Girard MF, Mattie DR, Bekkedal MV, Garman RH, Strawson JS. Refining the effects observed in a developmental neurobehavioral study of ammonium perchlorate administered orally in drinking water to rats. II. Behavioral and neurodevelopment effects. International Journal of Toxicology, 2005; 24(6):451-467. Epub 2006/01/06. doi: K0670106718H7G32 [pii] 10.1080/10915810500367094. PubMed PMID: 16393938.
    • (2005) International Journal of Toxicology , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 451-467
    • York, R.G.1    Barnett, J.2    Girard, M.F.3    Mattie, D.R.4    Bekkedal, M.V.5    Garman, R.H.6    Strawson, J.S.7
  • 18
    • 30344475472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining the effects observed in a developmental neurobehavioral study of ammonium perchlorate administered orally in drinking water to rats. I. Thyroid and reproductive effects
    • Epub 2006/01/06. doi: L665347640603VH4 [pii] 10.1080/10915810500366765. PubMed PMID: 16393933.
    • York RG, Lewis E, Brown WR, Girard MF, Mattie DR, Funk KA, Strawson JS. Refining the effects observed in a developmental neurobehavioral study of ammonium perchlorate administered orally in drinking water to rats. I. Thyroid and reproductive effects. Journal of Toxicology, 2005; 24(6):403-318. Epub 2006/01/06. doi: L665347640603VH4 [pii] 10.1080/10915810500366765. PubMed PMID: 16393933.
    • (2005) Journal of Toxicology , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 403-318
    • York, R.G.1    Lewis, E.2    Brown, W.R.3    Girard, M.F.4    Mattie, D.R.5    Funk, K.A.6    Strawson, J.S.7
  • 19
    • 8444243292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does thyroid function in developing birds adapt to sustained ammonium perchlorate exposure?
    • Epub 2004/08/18. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfh247 kfh247 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 15310858.
    • McNabb FM, Jang DA, Larsen CT. Does thyroid function in developing birds adapt to sustained ammonium perchlorate exposure? Toxicological Sciences, 2004; 82(1):106-13. Epub 2004/08/18. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfh247 kfh247 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 15310858.
    • (2004) Toxicological Sciences , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 106-113
    • McNabb, F.M.1    Jang, D.A.2    Larsen, C.T.3
  • 20
    • 1842615822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonium perchlorate effects on thyroid function and growth in bobwhite quail chicks
    • Epub 2004/04/21. PubMed PMID: 15095897.
    • McNabb FM, Larsen CT, Pooler PS. Ammonium perchlorate effects on thyroid function and growth in bobwhite quail chicks. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2004; 23(4):997-1003. Epub 2004/04/21. PubMed PMID: 15095897.
    • (2004) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 997-1003
    • McNabb, F.M.1    Larsen, C.T.2    Pooler, P.S.3
  • 21
    • 0036719443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects assessment for environmental perchlorate contamination: The dose response for inhibition of thyroidal radioiodine uptake in humans
    • Epub 2002/09/03. doi: sc271_5_1835 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 12204829; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1240994.
    • Greer MA, Goodman G, Pleus RC, Greer SE. Health effects assessment for environmental perchlorate contamination: The dose response for inhibition of thyroidal radioiodine uptake in humans. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2002; 110(9):927-937. Epub 2002/09/03. doi: sc271_5_1835 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 12204829; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1240994.
    • (2002) Environmental Health Perspectives , vol.110 , Issue.9 , pp. 927-937
    • Greer, M.A.1    Goodman, G.2    Pleus, R.C.3    Greer, S.E.4
  • 23
    • 0030567974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line, CHO-4J, stably expressing a number of Na+/I- symporters
    • Epub 1996/10/03. doi: S0006-291X(96)91473-4 [pii] 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1473. PubMed PMID: 8858109.
    • Kosugi S, Sasaki N, Hai N, Sugawa H, Aoki N, Shigemasa C, Mori T, Yoshida A. Establishment and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line, CHO-4J, stably expressing a number of Na+/I- symporters. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1996; 227(1):94-101. Epub 1996/10/03. doi: S0006-291X(96)91473-4 [pii] 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1473. PubMed PMID: 8858109.
    • (1996) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol.227 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-101
    • Kosugi, S.1    Sasaki, N.2    Hai, N.3    Sugawa, H.4    Aoki, N.5    Shigemasa, C.6    Mori, T.7    Yoshida, A.8
  • 25
    • 33750319842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SLC26 chloride/base exchangers in the kidney in health and disease
    • Epub 2006/10/31. doi: S0270-9295(06)00082-9 [pii] 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.07.005. PubMed PMID: 17071331.
    • Soleimani M, Xu J. SLC26 chloride/base exchangers in the kidney in health and disease. Seminars in Nephrology, 2006; 26(5):375-385. Epub 2006/10/31. doi: S0270-9295(06)00082-9 [pii] 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.07.005. PubMed PMID: 17071331.
    • (2006) Seminars in Nephrology , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 375-385
    • Soleimani, M.1    Xu, J.2
  • 27
    • 77957241957 scopus 로고
    • The interpretation of the serum protein-bound iodine: A review
    • Epub 1971/04/01. PubMed PMID: 16811063; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC476957.
    • Acland JD. The interpretation of the serum protein-bound iodine: A review. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1971; 24(3):187-218. Epub 1971/04/01. PubMed PMID: 16811063; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC476957.
    • (1971) Journal of Clinical Pathology , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 187-218
    • Acland, J.D.1
  • 28
    • 0025819058 scopus 로고
    • Maternal versus infant factors related to breast milk intake and residual milk volume: The DARLING study
    • Epub 1991/06/01. PubMed PMID: 2034486.
    • Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA, Lonnerdal B. Maternal versus infant factors related to breast milk intake and residual milk volume: The DARLING study. Pediatrics, 1991; 87(6):829-837. Epub 1991/06/01. PubMed PMID: 2034486.
    • (1991) Pediatrics , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 829-837
    • Dewey, K.G.1    Heinig, M.J.2    Nommsen, L.A.3    Lonnerdal, B.4
  • 29
    • 23744477170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast milk and lipid intake distributions for assessing cumulative exposure and risk
    • Epub 2004/11/25. doi: 7500412 [pii] 10.1038/sj.jea.7500412. PubMed PMID: 15562290.
    • Arcus-Arth A, Krowech G, Zeise L. Breast milk and lipid intake distributions for assessing cumulative exposure and risk. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2005; 15(4):357-365. Epub 2004/11/25. doi: 7500412 [pii] 10.1038/sj.jea.7500412. PubMed PMID: 15562290.
    • (2005) Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 357-365
    • Arcus-Arth, A.1    Krowech, G.2    Zeise, L.3
  • 30
    • 67349277422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimated daily average per capita water ingestion by child and adult age categories based on USDA's 1994-1996 and 1998 continuing survey of food intakes by individuals
    • Epub 2008/05/15. doi: jes200829 [pii] 10.1038/jes.2008.29. PubMed PMID: 18478044.
    • Kahn HD, Stralka K. Estimated daily average per capita water ingestion by child and adult age categories based on USDA's 1994-1996 and 1998 continuing survey of food intakes by individuals. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2009; 19(4):396-404. Epub 2008/05/15. doi: jes200829 [pii] 10.1038/jes.2008.29. PubMed PMID: 18478044.
    • (2009) Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 396-404
    • Kahn, H.D.1    Stralka, K.2
  • 32
    • 42149142684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study: Dietary intake of perchlorate and iodine
    • doi: DOI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500648. PubMed PMID: ISI:000260313500009.
    • Murray CW, Egan SK, Kim H, Beru N, Bolger PM. US Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study: Dietary intake of perchlorate and iodine. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2008; 18(6):571-580. doi: DOI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500648. PubMed PMID: ISI:000260313500009.
    • (2008) Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 571-580
    • Murray, C.W.1    Egan, S.K.2    Kim, H.3    Beru, N.4    Bolger, P.M.5
  • 33
    • 11344280656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter
    • Epub 2005/01/15. doi: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012. PubMed PMID: 15650353.
    • Tonacchera M, Pinchera A, Dimida A, Ferrarini E, Agretti P, Vitti P, Santini F, Crump K, Gibbs J. Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. Thyroid, 2004; 14(12):1012-1019. Epub 2005/01/15. doi: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012. PubMed PMID: 15650353.
    • (2004) Thyroid , vol.14 , Issue.12 , pp. 1012-1019
    • Tonacchera, M.1    Pinchera, A.2    Dimida, A.3    Ferrarini, E.4    Agretti, P.5    Vitti, P.6    Santini, F.7    Crump, K.8    Gibbs, J.9
  • 35
    • 0000714767 scopus 로고
    • The physiological changes in thyroid function during pregnancy
    • Epub 1964/10/01. PubMed PMID: 14220900.
    • Aboul-Khair SA, Crooks J, Turnbull AC, Hytten FE. The physiological changes in thyroid function during pregnancy. Clinical Science, 1964; 27:195-207. Epub 1964/10/01. PubMed PMID: 14220900.
    • (1964) Clinical Science , vol.27 , pp. 195-207
    • Aboul-Khair, S.A.1    Crooks, J.2    Turnbull, A.C.3    Hytten, F.E.4
  • 36
    • 0021932219 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cimetidine and metabolites in critically ill children
    • Epub 1985/08/01. PubMed PMID: 4020559.
    • Lloyd CW, Martin WJ, Taylor BD, Hauser AR. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cimetidine and metabolites in critically ill children. Journal of Pediatrics, 1985; 107(2):295-300. Epub 1985/08/01. PubMed PMID: 4020559.
    • (1985) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.107 , Issue.2 , pp. 295-300
    • Lloyd, C.W.1    Martin, W.J.2    Taylor, B.D.3    Hauser, A.R.4
  • 37
    • 43449090654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal clearance parameters for PBPK model analysis of early lifestage differences in the disposition of environmental toxicants
    • Epub 2008/04/25. doi: S0273-2300(08)00038-X [pii] 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.02.005. PubMed PMID: 18433959.
    • DeWoskin RS, Thompson CM. Renal clearance parameters for PBPK model analysis of early lifestage differences in the disposition of environmental toxicants. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2008; 51(1):66-86. Epub 2008/04/25. doi: S0273-2300(08)00038-X [pii] 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.02.005. PubMed PMID: 18433959.
    • (2008) Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-86
    • DeWoskin, R.S.1    Thompson, C.M.2
  • 38
    • 84894288807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA). Survey Data on Perchlorate in Food: 2005/2006 Total Diet Study Results. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition., cited 2008 September 15, 2008). Available from:
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA). Survey Data on Perchlorate in Food: 2005/2006 Total Diet Study Results. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition., 2008 (cited 2008 September 15, 2008). Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/ChemicalContaminants/ucm077615.htm.
    • (2008)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.