Polar bear use of a persistent food subsidy: Insights from non-invasive genetic sampling in Alaska

Ursus

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 148-163

  Herreman, Jason ^a   Peacock, Elizabeth ^b  

^a DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Arctic; Balaena mysticetus; Beaufort Sea; bowhead whale; capture'recapture; genetic tagging; non invasive; population estimation; subsidy; Ursus maritimus

Indexed keywords

EID: 84894049814     PISSN: 15376176     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2192/URSUS-D-12-00030.1     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Amstrup, S.C., I. Stirling, AND J.W. Lentfer. 1986. Past and present status of polar bears in Alaska. Wildlife Society Bulletin 14:241-254
2. -, T.L. Mcdonald, AND G.M. Durner. 2004. Using satellite radiotelemetry data to delineate and manage wildlife populations. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32: 661-679
3. -, I. Stirling, T.S. Smith, C. Perham, AND G.W. Thiemann. 2006. Recent observations of intraspecific predation and cannibalism among polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea. Polar Biology 29:997-1002
4. AN, J.H., A. Bechet, A. Berggren, S.K. Brown, M.W. Bruford, Q.G. Cai, A. Cassel-LUNDHAGEN, F. Cezilly, S.L. Chen, W. Cheng, S.K. Choi, X.Y. Ding, Y. Fan, K.A. Feldheim, Z.Y. Feng, V.L. Friesen, M. Gaillard, J.A. Galaraza, L. Gallo, K.N. Ganeshaiah, J. Geraci, J.G. Gibbons, W.S. Grant, Z. Grauvogel, S. Gustafsson, J.R. Guyon, L. Han, D.D. Heath, S. Hemmila, J.D. Hogan, B.W. Hou, J. Jakse, B. Javornik, P. Kanuch, K.K. Kim, K.S. Kim, S.G. Kim, S.I. Kim, W.J. Kim, Y.K. Kim, M.A. Klich, B.R. Kreiser, Y.S. Kwan, A.W. Lam, K. Lasater, M. Lascoux, H. Lee, Y.S. Lee, D.L. Li, S.J. Li, W.Y. Li, X.L. Liao, Z. Liber, L. Lin, S.Y. Liu, X.H. Luo, Y.H. Ma, Y.J. Ma, P. Marchelli, M.S. Min, M.D. Moccia, K.P. Mohana, M. Moore, J.A. Morris-POCOCK, H.C. Park, M. Pfunder, I. Radosavljevic, G. Ravikanth, G.K. Roderick, A. Rokas, B.N. Sacks, C.A. Saski, Z. Satovic, S.D. Schoville, F. Sebastiani, Z.X. Sha, E.H. Shin, C. Soliani, N. Sreejayan, Z.X. Sun, Y. Tao, S.A. Taylor, W.D. Templin, R.U. Shaanker, R. Vasudeva, G.G. Vendramin, R.P WALTER, G.Z. Wang, K.J. Wang, Y.Q. Wang, R.A. Wattier, F.W. Wei, A. Widmer, S. Woltmann, Y.J. Won, J. Wu, M.L. Xie, G.B. Xu, X.J. Xu, H.H. Ye, X.J. Zhan, F. Zhang, AND J. Zhong. 2010. Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 October 2009-30 November 2009. Molecular Ecology Resources 10:404-408
5. Arnold, T.W. 2010. Uninformative parameters, model selection using Akaikés Information Criterion. Journal of Wildlife Management 74:1175-1178
6. Ashjian, C.J., S.R. Braund, R.G. Campbell, J.C. George, J. Kruse, W. Maslowski, S.E. Moore, C.R. Nicolson, S.R. Okkonen, B.F. Sherr, E.B. Sherr, AND Y. Spitz. 2010. Climate variability, oceanography, bowhead whale distribution, In? upiat subsistence whaling near Barrow, Alaska. Arctic 63:179-194
7. Bacon, J.J., T.R. Hepa, H.K. Brower, M. Pederson, T.P. Olemaun, J.C. George, AND B.G. Corrigan. 2010. Estimates of subsistence harvest for villages on the North Slope of Alaska, 1994-2003. North Slope Borough Deptarment of Wildlife Management Report, Barrow, Alaska, USA
8. Bentzen, T.W., E.H. Follmann, S.C. Amstrup, G.S. York, M.J. Wooller, AND T.M. OHARA. 2007. Variation in winter diet of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears inferred from stable isotope analysis. Canadian Journal of Zoology 85:596-608
9. Boulanger, J., B.N. Mclellan, J.G. Woods, M. Proctor, AND C. Strobeck. 2004. Sampling design, bias in DNA-based capture-mark-recapture population, density estimates of grizzly bears. Journal of Wildlife Management 68:457-469
10. -, K.C. Kendall, J.B. Stetz, D.A. Roon, L.P. Waits, AND D. Paetkau. 2008. Multiple data sources improve DNA-based mark-recapture population estimates of grizzly bears. Ecological Applications 18:577-589
11. Burnham, K.P., AND D.R. Anderson. 2002. Model selection, multimodel inference: A practical information-Theoretic approach. Second edition. Springer, New York, New York, USA
12. Choquet, R., A.M. Reboulet, J.D. Lebreton, O. Gimenez, AND R. Pradel. 2005. U-CARE 2.2 User's Manual. Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Evolutive, Montpellier, France
13. Craighead, J.J., J.S. Sumner, AND J.A. Mitchell. 1995. The grizzly bears of Yellowstone: Their ecology in the Yellowstone ecosystem, 1959-1992. Island Press, Covelo, California, USA
14. Derocher, A.E., AND I. Stirling. 1990. Distribution of polar bears during the ice-free period in western Hudson Bay. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:1395-403
15. Durner, G.M., D.C. Douglas, R.M. Nielson, S.C. Amstrup, T.L. Mcdonald, I. Stirling, M. Mauritzen, E.W. Born, O. Wiig, E. Deweaver, M.C. Serreze, S.E. Belikov, M.M. Holland, J. Maslanik, J. Aars, D.A. Bailey, AND A.E. Derocher. 2009. Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models. Ecological Monographs 79:25-58
16. Ennis, S., AND T.F. Gallagher. 1994. A PCR-based sexdetermination assay in cattle based on the bovine amelogenin locus. Animal Genetics 25:425-427
17. Excoffier, L., G. Laval, AND S. Schneider. 2005. Arlequin version 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 1:47-50
18. Fischbach, A.S., S.C. Amstrup, AND D.C. Douglas. 2007. Landward and eastward shift of Alaskan polar bear denning associated with recent sea ice changes. Polar Biology 30:1395-1405
19. Gende, S.M., AND T.P. Quinn. 2004. The relative importance of prey density and social dominance in determining energy intake by bears feeding on Pacific salmon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82:75-85
20. George, J.C., J. Zeh, R. Suydam, AND C. Clark. 2004. Abundance and population trend (1978-2001) of western arctic bowhead whales surveyed near Barrow, Alaska. Marine Mammal Science 20:755-773
21. -. 2009. Growth, morphology and energetics of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus). Thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
22. Goossens, B., L.P. Waits, AND P. Taberlet. 1998. Plucked hair samples as a source of DNA: Reliability of dinucleotide microsatellite genotyping. Molecular Ecology 7:1237-1241
23. Hessing, P., AND L. Aumiller. 1994. Observations of conspecific predation by brown bears, Ursus arctos, in Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 108:332-336
24. Hunter, C.M., H. Caswell, M.C. Runge, E.V. Regehr, S.C. Amstrup, AND I. Stirling. 2010. Climate change threatens polar bear populations: A stochastic demographic analysis. Ecology 91:2883-2897
25. Kendall, W.L. 1999. Robustness of closed capture-recapture methods to violations of the closure assumption. Ecology 80:2517-2525
26. Kitahara, E., Y. Isagi, Y. Ishibashi, AND T. Saitoh. 2000. Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in the Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus. Molecular Ecology 9: 1661-1662
27. Kochnev, A.A. 2002. Autumn aggregations of polar bears on the Wrangel Island and their importance for the population. Pages 137-138 in Marine Mammals of the Holarctic. Abstracts of the Second International Conference. KMK, Moscow, Russia
28. Laake, J.L., AND E. Rexstad. 2007. RMark-An alternative approach to building linear models. Appendix C in E.G. COOCH and G.C. WHITE, editors. Program MARK: A gentle introduction. http://www.phidot.org/ software/mark/docs/ book/, accessed 1 April 2012
29. Lentfer, J.W. 1975. Polar bear denning on drifting sea ice. Journal of Mammalogy 56:716-718
30. Miller, S., S. Schliebe, AND K. Proffitt. 2006. Demographics and behavior of polar bears feeding on bowhead whale carcasses at Barter and Cross Islands, Alaska, 2002-2004. US Fish, Wildlife Service Report, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
31. Obbard, M.E., G.W. Thiemann, E. Peacock, AND T.D. Debruyn. 2010. Polar bears: Proceedings of the 15th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, Copenhagen, Denmark, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK
32. Ostrander, E.A., G.F. Sprague, AND J. Rine. 1993. Identification and characterization of dinucleotide repeat (CA)n markers for genetic-mapping in dog. Genomics 16:207-213
33. Ovsyanikov, N.G., L.L. Bove, AND A.A. Kochnev. 1994. Causes of mass mortality of walruses on coastal haulouts. Zoological Journal 73:80-87. (In Russian
34. Paetkau, D., AND C. Strobeck. 1994. Microsatellite analysis of genetic-variation in black bear populations. Molecular Ecology 3:489-495
35. -, W. Calvert, I. Stirling, AND C. Strobeck. 1995. Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears. Molecular Ecology 4:347-354
36. -. 2003. An empirical exploration of data quality in DNA-based population inventories. Molecular Ecology 12:1375-1387
37. Pagano, A., E. Peacock, AND M. Mckinney. 2013. Remote biopsy darting of polar bears: Implications for monitoring abundance, diet, and condition. Marine Mammal Science 9: In press. DOI 10.1111/mms. 112029
38. Peacock, E., A.E. Derocher, G.W. Theimann, AND I. Stirling. 2011. Conservation and management of Canadás polar bears in a changing Arctic. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89:371-385
39. Proctor, M., B.N. Mclellan, AND C. Strobeck. 2002. Population fragmentation of grizzly bears in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. Ursus 13:153-160
40. Queller, D.C., AND K.F. Goodnight. 1989. Estimating relatedness using molecular markers. Evolution 43: 258-275
41. Regehr, E.V., S.C. Amstrup, AND I. Stirling. 2006. Polar bear population status in the southern Beaufort Sea. US Geological Survey, Open File Report 2006-1337, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
42. -, C.M. Hunter, H. Caswell, S.C. Amstrup, AND I. Stirling. 2010. Survival, breeding of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea in relation to sea ice. Journal of Animal Ecology 79:117-127
43. Rode, K.D., S.C. Amstrup, AND E.V. Regehr. 2010. Reduced body size, cub recruitment in polar bears associated with sea ice decline. Ecological Applications 20:768-782
44. -, E.V. Regehr, D.C. Douglas, G. Durner, A.E. Derocher, G.W. Thiemann, AND S.M. Budge. 2013. Variation in the response of an Arctic top predator experiencing habitat loss: Feeding and reproductive ecology of two polar bear populations. Global Change Biology. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12339
45. Schliebe, S., K.D. Rode, J.S. Gleason, J. Wilder, K. Proffitt, T.J. Evans, AND S. Miller. 2008. Effects of sea ice extent and food availability on spatial, temporal distribution of polar bears during the fall open-water period in the Southern Beaufort Sea. Polar Biology 31:999-1010
46. Schwarz, C.J., AND A.N. Arnason. 1996. A general methodology for the analysis of capture-recapture experiments in open populations. Biometrics 52:860-873
47. Stoker, S.W., AND I.I. Krupnik. 1993. Subsistence whaling. Pages 579-629 in J.J. BURNS, J.J Montague, and C.J. COWLES, editors. The Bowhead Whale. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
48. Suydam, R., J.C. George, B. Person, C. Hanns, AND G. Sheffield. 2010. Subsistence harvest of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) by Alaskan Eskimos during 2010. A report to the IWC Scientific Committee, SC-63-BRG2. North Slope Borough, Department of Wildlife Mangement, Barrow, Alaska, USA
49. Taberlet, P., J.J. Camarra, S. Griffin, E. Uhres, O. Hanotte, L.P. Waits, C. Dubois, PAGANON, T. Burke, AND J. Bouvet. 1997. Noninvasive genetic tracking of the endangered Pyrenean brown bear population. Molecular Ecology 6:869-876
50. Valiere, N. 2002. GIMLET: A computer program for analysing genetic individual identification data. Molecular Ecology Notes 2:377-379
51. Van Coeverden De Groot, P., P.B.Y. Wong, C. Harris, M.G. Dyck, L. Kamookak, M. PAGES, J. MICHAUX, AND P.T. Boag. 2012. Toward a non-invasive Inuit Polar bear survey: Genetic data from polar bear hair snags. Wildlife Society Bulletin 37:394-401
52. Vongraven, D., J. Aars, S.C. Amstrup, S.N. Atkinson, S. Belikov, E.W. Born, T. Debruyn, A.E. Derocher, M. Gill, N.J. Lunn, M.E. Obbard, J. Omelak, N.G. Ovsyanikov, E.PEACOCK, E. Richardson, V. Sahanatien, I. Stirling, AND Ø.WIIG. 2012. A circumpolar monitoring framework for polar bears. Ursus 23(sp2):1-66
53. Wang, J. 2011. Coancestry: A program for simulating, estimating and analysing relatedness, inbreeding coefficients. Molecular Ecology Resources 11:141-151
54. White, G.C., AND K.P. Burnham. 1999. Program MARK: Survival estimation from populations of marked animals. Bird Study 46 Supplement:120-138
55. Woods, J.G., D. Paetkau, D. Lewis, B.N. Mclellan, M. Proctor, AND C. Strobeck. 1999. Genetic tagging of free-ranging black and brown bears. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27:616-627