메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 1 A, 2014, Pages 220-252

Selection and economic gains in the great migration of african Americans: New evidence from linked census data

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84894030683     PISSN: 19457782     EISSN: 19457790     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1257/app.6.1.220     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (136)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 84866376701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Europe's Tired, Poor, Huddled Masses: Self-Selection and Economic Outcomes in the Age of Mass Migration
    • Abramitzky, Ran, Leah Platt Boustan, and Katherine Eriksson. 2012. "Europe's Tired, Poor, Huddled Masses: Self-Selection and Economic Outcomes in the Age of Mass Migration." American Economic Review 102 (5): 1832-56.
    • (2012) American Economic Review , vol.102 , Issue.5 , pp. 1832-1856
    • Abramitzky, R.1    Boustan, L.P.2    Eriksson, K.3
  • 2
    • 15844426510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection on Observed and Unobserved Variables: Assessing the Effectiveness of Catholic Schools
    • Altonji, Joseph G., Todd E. Elder, and Christopher R. Taber. 2005. "Selection on Observed and Unobserved Variables: Assessing the Effectiveness of Catholic Schools." Journal of Political Economy 113 (1): 151-84.
    • (2005) Journal of Political Economy , vol.113 , Issue.1 , pp. 151-184
    • Altonji, J.G.1    Elder, T.E.2    Taber, C.R.3
  • 3
    • 33749049089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Wage Gains of African-American Women in the 1940s
    • Bailey, Martha J., and William J. Collins. 2006. "The Wage Gains of African-American Women in the 1940s." Journal of Economic History 66 (3): 737-77.
    • (2006) Journal of Economic History , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 737-777
    • Bailey, M.J.1    Collins, W.J.2
  • 4
    • 70350396827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • War and Local Collective Action in Sierra Leone
    • Bellows, John, and Edward Miguel. 2009. "War and Local Collective Action in Sierra Leone." Journal of Public Economics 93 (11-12): 1144-57.
    • (2009) Journal of Public Economics , vol.93 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 1144-1157
    • Bellows, J.1    Miguel, E.2
  • 5
    • 84894024910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Impact of the Great Migration on Mortality of African Americans: Evidence from the Deep South
    • Black, Dan A., Seth G. Sanders, Evan J. Taylor, and Lowell J. Taylor. 2011. "The Impact of the Great Migration on Mortality of African Americans: Evidence from the Deep South." http://www.frbatlanta. org/documents/news/conferences/11employment_education_black.pdf.
    • (2011)
    • Black, D.A.1    Sanders, S.G.2    Taylor, E.J.3    Taylor, L.J.4
  • 6
    • 35648957848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Impact of the Recent Migration from Eastern Europe on the UK Economy
    • Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper 2615
    • Blanchflower, David G., Jumana Saleheen, and Chris Shadforth. 2007. "The Impact of the Recent Migration from Eastern Europe on the UK Economy." Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper 2615.
    • (2007)
    • Blanchflower, D.G.1    Saleheen, J.2    Shadforth, C.3
  • 7
    • 0004159529 scopus 로고
    • Lives of Their Own: Blacks, Italians, and Poles in Pittsburgh, 1900-1960
    • Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press
    • Bodnar, John, Roger Simon, and Michael P. Weber. 1982. Lives of Their Own: Blacks, Italians, and Poles in Pittsburgh, 1900-1960. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
    • (1982)
    • Bodnar, J.1    Simon, R.2    Weber, M.P.3
  • 8
    • 0000630279 scopus 로고
    • Self-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants
    • Borjas, George. 1987. "Self-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants." American Economic Review 77 (4): 531-53.
    • (1987) American Economic Review , vol.77 , Issue.4 , pp. 531-553
    • Borjas, G.1
  • 9
    • 70450273180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition in the Promised Land: Black Migration and Racial Wage Convergence in the North, 1940-1970
    • Boustan, Leah Platt. 2009. "Competition in the Promised Land: Black Migration and Racial Wage Convergence in the North, 1940-1970." Journal of Economic History 69 (3): 755-82.
    • (2009) Journal of Economic History , vol.69 , Issue.3 , pp. 755-782
    • Boustan, L.P.1
  • 11
    • 0001264221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Federal Civil Rights Policy on Black Economic Progress: Evidence from the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
    • Chay, Kenneth Y. 1998. "The Impact of Federal Civil Rights Policy on Black Economic Progress: Evidence from the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 51 (4): 608-32.
    • (1998) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 608-632
    • Chay, K.Y.1
  • 12
    • 84989792842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black Networks after Emancipation: Evidence from Reconstruction and the Great Migration
    • Chay, Kenneth, and Kaivan Munshi. 2012. "Black Networks after Emancipation: Evidence from Reconstruction and the Great Migration." http://www.stanford.edu/group/SITE/archive/ SITE_2012/2012_segment_1/2012_SITE_Segment_1_papers/munshi.pdf.
    • (2012)
    • Chay, K.1    Munshi, K.2
  • 13
    • 23044473351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Migration, Self-Selection, and the Distribution of Wages: Evidence from Mexico and the United States
    • Chiquiar, Daniel, and Gordon H. Hanson. 2005. "International Migration, Self-Selection, and the Distribution of Wages: Evidence from Mexico and the United States." Journal of Political Economy 113 (2): 239-81.
    • (2005) Journal of Political Economy , vol.113 , Issue.2 , pp. 239-281
    • Chiquiar, D.1    Hanson, G.H.2
  • 14
    • 80051947719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economics and Emigration: Trillion-Dollar Bills on the Sidewalk
    • Clemens, Michael A. 2011. "Economics and Emigration: Trillion-Dollar Bills on the Sidewalk?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 25 (3): 83-106.
    • (2011) Journal of Economic Perspectives , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 83-106
    • Clemens, M.A.1
  • 15
    • 0000433518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When the Tide Turned: Immigration and the Delay of the Great Black Migration
    • Collins, William J. 1997. "When the Tide Turned: Immigration and the Delay of the Great Black Migration." Journal of Economic History 57 (3): 607-32.
    • (1997) Journal of Economic History , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 607-632
    • Collins, W.J.1
  • 16
    • 0033789682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African-American Economic Mobility in the 1940s: A Portrait from the Palmer Survey
    • Collins, William J. 2000. "African-American Economic Mobility in the 1940s: A Portrait from the Palmer Survey." Journal of Economic History 60 (3): 756-81.
    • (2000) Journal of Economic History , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 756-781
    • Collins, W.J.1
  • 17
    • 84894030683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection and Economic Gains in the Great Migration of African Americans: New Evidence from Linked Census Data: Dataset
    • Collins, William J., and Marianne H. Wanamaker. 2014. "Selection and Economic Gains in the Great Migration of African Americans: New Evidence from Linked Census Data: Dataset." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.6.1.220.
    • (2014) American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
    • Collins, W.J.1    Wanamaker, M.H.2
  • 18
    • 33749619553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical Perspectives on Racial Differences in Schooling in the United States
    • In edited by Eric Hanushek and Finis Welch, Amsterdam: North-Holland
    • Collins, William J., and Robert A. Margo. 2006. "Historical Perspectives on Racial Differences in Schooling in the United States." In Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 1, edited by Eric Hanushek and Finis Welch, 107-54. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
    • (2006) Handbook of the Economics of Education , vol.1 , pp. 107-154
    • Collins, W.J.1    Margo, R.A.2
  • 19
    • 84894038188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection and Success during the Great Migration: New Evidence on the Roles of Race, Urban Origins, and Skills from 1890-1930
    • Unpublished
    • Doetsch, Ethan. 2011. "Selection and Success during the Great Migration: New Evidence on the Roles of Race, Urban Origins, and Skills from 1890-1930." Unpublished.
    • (2011)
    • Doetsch, E.1
  • 20
    • 0000799354 scopus 로고
    • Continuous Versus Episodic Change: The Impact of Civil Rights Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks
    • Donohue, John J., III, and James Heckman. 1991. "Continuous Versus Episodic Change: The Impact of Civil Rights Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks." Journal of Economic Literature 29 (4): 1603-43.
    • (1991) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 1603-1643
    • Donohue, J.J.1    Heckman, J.2
  • 21
    • 0003024257 scopus 로고
    • Interregional Differences in Per Capita Income, Population, and Total Income, 1840-1950
    • In Princeton: Princeton University Press
    • Easterlin, Richard. 1960. "Interregional Differences in Per Capita Income, Population, and Total Income, 1840-1950." In Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century, 73-140. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
    • (1960) Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century , pp. 73-140
    • Easterlin, R.1
  • 22
    • 78049441648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving Out but Not Up: Economic Outcomes in the Great Migration
    • Eichenlaub, Suzanne C., Stewart E. Tolnay, and J. Trent Alexander. 2010. "Moving Out but Not Up: Economic Outcomes in the Great Migration." American Sociological Review 75 (1): 101-25.
    • (2010) American Sociological Review , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-125
    • Eichenlaub, S.C.1    Tolnay, S.E.2    Alexander, J.T.3
  • 23
    • 0346894769 scopus 로고
    • Population Redistribution and Economic Growth, United States, 1870-1950
    • Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society
    • Eldridge, Hope T., and Dorothy Swaine Thomas. 1964. Population Redistribution and Economic Growth, United States, 1870-1950. Vol. 3, Demographic Analyses and Interrelations. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
    • (1964) Demographic Analyses and Interrelations , vol.3
    • Eldridge, H.T.1    Thomas, D.S.2
  • 24
    • 0345060339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arbitraging a Discriminatory Labor Market: Black Workers at the Ford Motor Company, 1918-1947
    • Foote, Christopher L., Warren C. Whatley, and Gavin Wright. 2003. "Arbitraging a Discriminatory Labor Market: Black Workers at the Ford Motor Company, 1918-1947." Journal of Labor Economics 21 (3): 493-532.
    • (2003) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 493-532
    • Foote, C.L.1    Whatley, W.C.2    Wright, G.3
  • 25
    • 0005264358 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the Labor Market for Black Americans, 1948-72
    • Freeman, Richard B. 1973. "Changes in the Labor Market for Black Americans, 1948-72." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 4 (1): 67-132.
    • (1973) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-132
    • Freeman, R.B.1
  • 26
    • 0242479333 scopus 로고
    • conomics and the Black Exodus: An Analysis of Negro Emigration from the Southern United States, 1910-70
    • New York: Garland Publishing
    • Gill, Flora. 1979. Economics and the Black Exodus: An Analysis of Negro Emigration from the Southern United States, 1910-70. New York: Garland Publishing.
    • (1979)
    • Gill, F.1
  • 27
    • 0000284929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • America's Graduation from High School: The Evolution and Spread of Secondary Schooling in the Twentieth Century
    • Goldin, Claudia. 1998. "America's Graduation from High School: The Evolution and Spread of Secondary Schooling in the Twentieth Century." Journal of Economic History 58 (2): 345-74.
    • (1998) Journal of Economic History , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 345-374
    • Goldin, C.1
  • 28
    • 33847514005 scopus 로고
    • The Great Compression: The Wage Structure in the United States at Mid-Century
    • Goldin, Claudia, and Robert A. Margo. 1992. "The Great Compression: The Wage Structure in the United States at Mid-Century." Quarterly Journal of Economics 107 (1): 1-34.
    • (1992) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.107 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-34
    • Goldin, C.1    Margo, R.A.2
  • 29
    • 0003593055 scopus 로고
    • Making Their Own Way: Southern Blacks' Migration to Pittsburgh, 1916-1930
    • Chicago: University of Illinois Press
    • Gottlieb, Peter. 1987. Making Their Own Way: Southern Blacks' Migration to Pittsburgh, 1916-1930. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
    • (1987)
    • Gottlieb, P.1
  • 30
    • 79951727261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Income Maximization and the Selection and Sorting of International Migrants
    • Grogger, Jeffrey, and Gordon H. Hanson. 2011. "Income Maximization and the Selection and Sorting of International Migrants." Journal of Development Economics 95 (1): 42-57.
    • (2011) Journal of Development Economics , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 42-57
    • Grogger, J.1    Hanson, G.H.2
  • 32
    • 33847344710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States
    • Hanson, Gordon H. 2006. "Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States." Journal of Economic Literature 44 (4): 869-924.
    • (2006) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 869-924
    • Hanson, G.H.1
  • 34
    • 0141906235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic and Economic Pressure on Emigration out of Africa
    • Hatton, Timothy J., and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 2003. "Demographic and Economic Pressure on Emigration out of Africa." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 105 (3): 465-86.
    • (2003) Scandinavian Journal of Economics , vol.105 , Issue.3 , pp. 465-486
    • Hatton, T.J.1    Williamson, J.G.2
  • 35
    • 0010162639 scopus 로고
    • The Boll Weevil, the Cotton Economy, and Black Migration 1910-1930
    • Higgs, Robert. 1976. "The Boll Weevil, the Cotton Economy, and Black Migration 1910-1930." Agricultural History 50 (2): 335-50.
    • (1976) Agricultural History , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 335-350
    • Higgs, R.1
  • 36
    • 0010193643 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of Property by Southern Blacks before World War I
    • Higgs, Robert. 1982. "Accumulation of Property by Southern Blacks before World War I." American Economic Review 72 (4): 725-37.
    • (1982) American Economic Review , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 725-737
    • Higgs, R.1
  • 37
    • 0344758319 scopus 로고
    • Part II: Farm and Urban Purchasing Power
    • In New York: National Bureau of Economic Research
    • Koffsky, Nathan. 1949. "Part II: Farm and Urban Purchasing Power." In Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 11, 151-220. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
    • (1949) Studies in Income and Wealth , vol.11 , pp. 151-220
    • Koffsky, N.1
  • 38
    • 0004124494 scopus 로고
    • The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910
    • New Haven: Yale University Press
    • Kousser, J. Morgan. 1974. The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910. New Haven: Yale University Press.
    • (1974)
    • Kousser, J.M.1
  • 42
    • 84925911414 scopus 로고
    • A Reconsideration of the Income Differences Found between Migrants and Northern-born Blacks
    • Lieberson, Stanley. 1978. "A Reconsideration of the Income Differences Found between Migrants and Northern-born Blacks." American Journal of Sociology 83 (4): 940-66.
    • (1978) American Journal of Sociology , vol.83 , Issue.4 , pp. 940-966
    • Lieberson, S.1
  • 43
    • 61349152336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health, Human Capital, and African-American Migration before 1910
    • Logan, Trevon D. 2009. "Health, Human Capital, and African-American Migration before 1910." Explorations in Economic History 46 (2): 169-85.
    • (2009) Explorations in Economic History , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-185
    • Logan, T.D.1
  • 44
    • 84879129399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States since 1850
    • Long, Jason, and Joseph Ferrie. 2013. "Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States since 1850." American Economic Review 103 (4): 1109-37.
    • (2013) American Economic Review , vol.103 , Issue.4 , pp. 1109-1137
    • Long, J.1    Ferrie, J.2
  • 45
    • 84925890116 scopus 로고
    • Migration and Income Differences between Black and White Men in the North
    • Long, Larry H., and Lynne R. Heltman. 1975. "Migration and Income Differences between Black and White Men in the North." American Journal of Sociology 80 (6): 1391-1409.
    • (1975) American Journal of Sociology , vol.80 , Issue.6 , pp. 1391-1409
    • Long, L.H.1    Heltman, L.R.2
  • 46
    • 0028588159 scopus 로고
    • Wage Compression and Wage Inequality between Black and White Males in the United States, 1940-1960
    • Maloney, Thomas N. 1994. "Wage Compression and Wage Inequality between Black and White Males in the United States, 1940-1960." Journal of Economic History 54 (2): 358-81.
    • (1994) Journal of Economic History , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 358-381
    • Maloney, T.N.1
  • 47
    • 0041405835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration and Economic Opportunity in the 1910s: New Evidence on African-American Occupational Mobility in the North
    • Maloney, Thomas N. 2001. "Migration and Economic Opportunity in the 1910s: New Evidence on African-American Occupational Mobility in the North." Explorations in Economic History 38 (1): 147-65.
    • (2001) Explorations in Economic History , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 147-165
    • Maloney, T.N.1
  • 48
    • 0006243914 scopus 로고
    • National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper 2697
    • Margo, Robert A. 1988. "Schooling and the Great Migration." National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper 2697.
    • (1988) Schooling and the Great Migration
    • Margo, R.A.1
  • 50
    • 84937290009 scopus 로고
    • Explaining Black-White Wage Convergence, 1940-1950
    • Margo, Robert A. 1995. "Explaining Black-White Wage Convergence, 1940-1950." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48 (3): 470-81.
    • (1995) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 470-481
    • Margo, R.A.1
  • 51
    • 84894060620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In Historical Statistics of the United States, Millennial Edition, edited by Susan B. Carter et al. New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Margo, Robert A. 1996. "Wages." In Historical Statistics of the United States, Millennial Edition, edited by Susan B. Carter et al. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1996) Wages
    • Margo, R.A.1
  • 52
    • 77953501957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Important is Selection? Experimental vs. Non-Experimental Measures of the Income Gains from Migration
    • McKenzie, David, John Gibson, and Steven Stillman. 2010. "How Important is Selection? Experimental vs. Non-Experimental Measures of the Income Gains from Migration." Journal of the European Economic Association 8 (4): 913-45.
    • (2010) Journal of the European Economic Association , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 913-945
    • McKenzie, D.1    Gibson, J.2    Stillman, S.3
  • 55
    • 0033493381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Regional Growth and Convergence, 1880- 1980
    • Mitchener, Kris James, and Ian W. McLean. 1999. "U.S. Regional Growth and Convergence, 1880- 1980." Journal of Economic History 59 (4): 1016-42.
    • (1999) Journal of Economic History , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 1016-1042
    • Mitchener, K.J.1    McLean, I.W.2
  • 56
    • 79953113435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local Labor Markets
    • In edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, San Diego: North-Holland
    • Moretti, Enrico. 2011. "Local Labor Markets." In Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 4B, edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, 1237-1313. San Diego: North-Holland.
    • (2011) Handbook of Labor Economics , vol.4 B , pp. 1237-1313
    • Moretti, E.1
  • 57
    • 84894083056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deciphering Occupation Codes Appended to the 1930 Census in One Step
    • accessed March 1, 2011 through October 18, 2012
    • Morse, Stephen P., Joel D. Weintraub, and David R. Kehs. 2002. "Deciphering Occupation Codes Appended to the 1930 Census in One Step." http://stevemorse.org/census/ocodes.htm (accessed March 1, 2011 through October 18, 2012).
    • (2002)
    • Morse, S.P.1    Weintraub, J.D.2    Kehs, D.R.3
  • 59
    • 77952807582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment Restrictions and Labor Markets: Evidence from the Postbellum U.S. South
    • Naidu, Suresh. 2010. "Recruitment Restrictions and Labor Markets: Evidence from the Postbellum U.S. South." Journal of Labor Economics 28 (2): 413-45.
    • (2010) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 413-445
    • Naidu, S.1
  • 60
    • 84887933137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unobservable Selection and Coefficient Stability: Theory and Validation
    • University of Chicago Working Paper
    • Oster, Emily. 2013. "Unobservable Selection and Coefficient Stability: Theory and Validation." University of Chicago Working Paper.
    • (2013)
    • Oster, E.1
  • 62
    • 0001419906 scopus 로고
    • Wages, Rents, and the Quality of Life
    • Roback, Jennifer. 1982. "Wages, Rents, and the Quality of Life." Journal of Political Economy 90 (6): 1257-78.
    • (1982) Journal of Political Economy , vol.90 , Issue.6 , pp. 1257-1278
    • Roback, J.1
  • 64
    • 77957185442 scopus 로고
    • Some Thoughts on the Distribution of Earnings
    • Roy, A. D. 1951. "Some Thoughts on the Distribution of Earnings." Oxford Economic Papers 3 (2): 135-46.
    • (1951) Oxford Economic Papers , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-146
    • Roy, A.D.1
  • 66
    • 0002939109 scopus 로고
    • The Costs and Returns of Human Migration
    • Sjaastad, Larry A. 1962. "The Costs and Returns of Human Migration." Journal of Political Economy 70 (5): 80-93.
    • (1962) Journal of Political Economy , vol.70 , Issue.5 , pp. 80-93
    • Sjaastad, L.A.1
  • 67
    • 0001346733 scopus 로고
    • Race and Human Capital
    • Smith, James P. 1984. "Race and Human Capital." American Economic Review 74 (4): 685-98.
    • (1984) American Economic Review , vol.74 , Issue.4 , pp. 685-698
    • Smith, J.P.1
  • 68
    • 0000886354 scopus 로고
    • Black Economic Progress After Myrdal
    • Smith, James P., and Finis R. Welch. 1989. "Black Economic Progress After Myrdal." Journal of Economic Literature 27 (2): 519-64.
    • (1989) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 519-564
    • Smith, J.P.1    Welch, F.R.2
  • 69
    • 0012399754 scopus 로고
    • Works Progress Administration, Division of Social Research, Research Monograph XII. Washington, DC, March.
    • Stecker, Margaret Loomis. 1937. Intercity Differences in Costs of Living in March 1935, 59 Cities. Works Progress Administration, Division of Social Research, Research Monograph XII. Washington, DC, March.
    • (1937) Intercity Differences in Costs of Living in March 1935, 59 Cities
    • Stecker, M.L.1
  • 70
    • 0028551721 scopus 로고
    • The Color Line: Racial Norms and Discrimination in Urban Labor Markets, 1910-1950
    • Sundstrom, William A. 1994. "The Color Line: Racial Norms and Discrimination in Urban Labor Markets, 1910-1950." Journal of Economic History 54 (2): 382-96.
    • (1994) Journal of Economic History , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 382-396
    • Sundstrom, W.A.1
  • 71
    • 0000320848 scopus 로고
    • A Model of Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Developed Countries
    • Todaro, Michael P. 1969. "A Model of Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Developed Countries." American Economic Review 59 (1): 138-48.
    • (1969) American Economic Review , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 138-148
    • Todaro, M.P.1
  • 72
    • 0242641264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The African American 'Great Migration' and Beyond
    • Tolnay, Stewart E. 2003. "The African American 'Great Migration' and Beyond." Annual Review of Sociology 29: 209-32.
    • (2003) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.29 , pp. 209-232
    • Tolnay, S.E.1
  • 74
    • 84894054834 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1957. Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Volumes 3 and 7. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
    • (1957) Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture , vol.3-7
  • 75
    • 5244362216 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Labor. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office
    • U.S. Department of Labor. 1919. Negro Migration in 1916-17. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
    • (1919) Negro Migration in 1916-17
  • 76
    • 84894097968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of Consumer Purchases in the United States, 1935-1936
    • U.S. Department of Labor. ICPSR 08908-v3. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2009-06-29. doi:10.3886/ICPSR08908.v3
    • U.S. Department of Labor. 2009. "Study of Consumer Purchases in the United States, 1935-1936." ICPSR 08908-v3. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2009-06-29. doi:10.3886/ICPSR08908.v3.
    • (2009)
  • 78
    • 0036111828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pursuit of Opportunity: Explaining Selective Black Migration
    • Vigdor, Jacob L. 2002. "The Pursuit of Opportunity: Explaining Selective Black Migration." Journal of Urban Economics 51 (3): 391-417.
    • (2002) Journal of Urban Economics , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 391-417
    • Vigdor, J.L.1
  • 79
    • 0007676724 scopus 로고
    • Getting a Foot in the Door: 'Learning,' State Dependence, and the Racial Integration of Firms
    • Whatley, Warren C. 1990. "Getting a Foot in the Door: 'Learning,' State Dependence, and the Racial Integration of Firms." Journal of Economic History 50 (1): 43-66.
    • (1990) Journal of Economic History , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-66
    • Whatley, W.C.1
  • 83
    • 0003400495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, (Orig. pub. 1918).
    • Woodson, Carter G. 2002. A Century of Negro Migration. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, (Orig. pub. 1918).
    • (2002) A Century of Negro Migration
    • Woodson, C.G.1
  • 86
    • 84894058507 scopus 로고
    • In Quantity and Quiddity: Essays in U.S. Economic History, edited by Peter Kilby, 98-134. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
    • Wright, Gavin. 1987. "Postbellum Southern Labor Markets." In Quantity and Quiddity: Essays in U.S. Economic History, edited by Peter Kilby, 98-134. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
    • (1987) Postbellum Southern Labor Markets
    • Wright, G.1
  • 87
    • 0001341268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaving the Countryside: Rural-to-Urban Migration Decisions in China
    • Zhao, Yaohui. 1999. "Leaving the Countryside: Rural-to-Urban Migration Decisions in China." American Economic Review 89 (2): 281-86.
    • (1999) American Economic Review , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 281-286
    • Zhao, Y.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.