메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2014, Pages

Treatment options for patients with multiple sclerosis who have a suboptimal response to interferon-β therapy

Author keywords

Disease modifying drugs; Fingolimod; Natalizumab; Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; Treatment failure; Treatment strategy

Indexed keywords

DISEASE-MODIFYING DRUGS; FINGOLIMOD; NATALIZUMAB; RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; TREATMENT FAILURE; TREATMENT STRATEGY;

EID: 84893856323     PISSN: 13515101     EISSN: 14681331     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ene.12299     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (21)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 79955604522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: current treatment algorithms
    • Rio J, Comabella M, Montalban X. Multiple sclerosis: current treatment algorithms. Curr Opin Neurol 2011; 24: 230-237.
    • (2011) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 230-237
    • Rio, J.1    Comabella, M.2    Montalban, X.3
  • 2
    • 0034727059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. CHAMPS Study Group
    • Jacobs LD, Beck RW, Simon JH, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. CHAMPS Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 898-904.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 898-904
    • Jacobs, L.D.1    Beck, R.W.2    Simon, J.H.3
  • 3
    • 0035912520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study
    • Comi G, Filippi M, Barkhof F, et al. Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study. Lancet 2001; 357: 1576-1582.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1576-1582
    • Comi, G.1    Filippi, M.2    Barkhof, F.3
  • 4
    • 33749661011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes
    • Kappos L, Polman CH, Freedman MS, et al. Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology 2006; 67: 1242-1249.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 1242-1249
    • Kappos, L.1    Polman, C.H.2    Freedman, M.S.3
  • 5
    • 70350786389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glatiramer acetate on conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (PreCISe study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Comi G, Martinelli V, Rodegher M, et al. Effect of glatiramer acetate on conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (PreCISe study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 374: 1503-1511.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 1503-1511
    • Comi, G.1    Martinelli, V.2    Rodegher, M.3
  • 6
    • 83555166210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two dosing frequencies of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with a first clinical demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis (REFLEX): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial
    • Comi G, De Stefano N, Freedman MS, et al. Comparison of two dosing frequencies of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with a first clinical demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis (REFLEX): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11: 33-41.
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 33-41
    • Comi, G.1    De Stefano, N.2    Freedman, M.S.3
  • 7
    • 79960320673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health care situation of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis receiving immunomodulatory therapy: a retrospective survey of more than 9000 German patients with MS
    • Maurer M, Dachsel R, Domke S, et al. Health care situation of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis receiving immunomodulatory therapy: a retrospective survey of more than 9000 German patients with MS. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18: 1036-1045.
    • (2011) Eur J Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 1036-1045
    • Maurer, M.1    Dachsel, R.2    Domke, S.3
  • 10
    • 39749102351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term adherence to interferon beta therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Portaccio E, Zipoli V, Siracusa G, et al. Long-term adherence to interferon beta therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol 2008; 59: 131-135.
    • (2008) Eur Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 131-135
    • Portaccio, E.1    Zipoli, V.2    Siracusa, G.3
  • 11
    • 0042932742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrupted therapy: stopping and switching of the beta-interferons prescribed for MS
    • Tremlett HL, Oger J. Interrupted therapy: stopping and switching of the beta-interferons prescribed for MS. Neurology 2003; 61: 551-554.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 551-554
    • Tremlett, H.L.1    Oger, J.2
  • 12
    • 33745923816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate in treatment-naive and prior interferon-beta-1b-treated multiple sclerosis patients
    • Zwibel HL. Glatiramer acetate in treatment-naive and prior interferon-beta-1b-treated multiple sclerosis patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2006; 113: 378-386.
    • (2006) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.113 , pp. 378-386
    • Zwibel, H.L.1
  • 13
    • 84860920485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in the clinical activity of multiple sclerosis after treatment switch for suboptimal response
    • Río J, Tintore M, Sastre-Garriga J, et al. Change in the clinical activity of multiple sclerosis after treatment switch for suboptimal response. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19: 899-904.
    • (2012) Eur J Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 899-904
    • Río, J.1    Tintore, M.2    Sastre-Garriga, J.3
  • 14
    • 84856249964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fingolimod for multiple sclerosis
    • Pelletier D, Hafler DA. Fingolimod for multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 339-347.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 339-347
    • Pelletier, D.1    Hafler, D.A.2
  • 15
    • 76449110495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy in multiple sclerosis
    • Conway D, Cohen JA. Combination therapy in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 299-308.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 299-308
    • Conway, D.1    Cohen, J.A.2
  • 16
    • 70350098361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognizing and treating suboptimally controlled multiple sclerosis: steps toward regaining command
    • Freedman MS, Cohen B, Dhib-Jalbut S, et al. Recognizing and treating suboptimally controlled multiple sclerosis: steps toward regaining command. Curr Med Res Opin 2009; 25: 2459-2470.
    • (2009) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.25 , pp. 2459-2470
    • Freedman, M.S.1    Cohen, B.2    Dhib-Jalbut, S.3
  • 17
    • 84893842730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Gilenya EU summary of product characteristics, Available at: (accessed 10/02/2012).
    • European Medicines Agency. Gilenya EU summary of product characteristics, 2011. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/002202/WC500104528.pdf (accessed 10/02/2012).
    • (2011)
  • 18
    • 84893849444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Tysabri EU summary of product characteristics, Available at: (accessed 27/01/2012).
    • European Medicines Agency. Tysabri EU summary of product characteristics, 2012. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000603/WC500044686.pdf (accessed 27/01/2012).
    • (2012)
  • 19
    • 84893825445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Canada. Tysabri Canadian product monograph, Available at: (accessed 03/04/2012).
    • Health Canada. Tysabri Canadian product monograph, 2010. Available at: http://webprod3.hc-sc.gc.ca/dpd-bdpp/info.do?lang=eng&code=77184 (accessed 03/04/2012).
    • (2010)
  • 20
    • 84893852319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Canada. Gilenya Canadian product monograph, Available at: (accessed 13/04/2012).
    • Health Canada. Gilenya Canadian product monograph, 2011. Available at: http://webprod3.hc-sc.gc.ca/dpd-bdpp/dispatch-repartition.do?lang=eng (accessed 13/04/2012).
    • (2011)
  • 21
    • 33644607018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis - the plaque and its pathogenesis
    • Frohman EM, Racke MK, Raine CS. Multiple sclerosis - the plaque and its pathogenesis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 942-955.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 942-955
    • Frohman, E.M.1    Racke, M.K.2    Raine, C.S.3
  • 22
    • 33847781937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, demyelination, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
    • Peterson LK, Fujinami RS. Inflammation, demyelination, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 184: 37-44.
    • (2007) J Neuroimmunol , vol.184 , pp. 37-44
    • Peterson, L.K.1    Fujinami, R.S.2
  • 23
    • 0037029424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2002; 359: 1221-1231.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1221-1231
    • Compston, A.1    Coles, A.2
  • 24
    • 0032576752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis
    • Trapp BD, Peterson J, Ransohoff RM, et al. Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 278-285.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 278-285
    • Trapp, B.D.1    Peterson, J.2    Ransohoff, R.M.3
  • 25
    • 84870717089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis therapeutic strategies: use second-line agents as first-line agents when time is of the essence
    • Freedman MS. Multiple sclerosis therapeutic strategies: use second-line agents as first-line agents when time is of the essence. Neurol Clin Pract 2011; 1: 66-68.
    • (2011) Neurol Clin Pract , vol.1 , pp. 66-68
    • Freedman, M.S.1
  • 27
    • 0842330009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment optimization in multiple sclerosis: report of an international consensus meeting
    • International Working Group for Treatment Optimization in MS.
    • International Working Group for Treatment Optimization in MS. Treatment optimization in multiple sclerosis: report of an international consensus meeting. Eur J Neurol 2004; 11: 43-47.
    • (2004) Eur J Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 43-47
  • 28
    • 33645238738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recommended treatment algorithm in relapsing multiple sclerosis: report of an international consensus meeting
    • Karussis D, Biermann LD, Bohlega S, et al. A recommended treatment algorithm in relapsing multiple sclerosis: report of an international consensus meeting. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13: 61-71.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 61-71
    • Karussis, D.1    Biermann, L.D.2    Bohlega, S.3
  • 29
    • 59249084508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian treatment optimization recommendations (TOR) as a predictor of disease breakthrough in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with interferon beta-1a: analysis of the PRISMS study
    • Freedman MS, Forrestal FG. Canadian treatment optimization recommendations (TOR) as a predictor of disease breakthrough in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with interferon beta-1a: analysis of the PRISMS study. Mult Scler 2008; 14: 1234-1241.
    • (2008) Mult Scler , vol.14 , pp. 1234-1241
    • Freedman, M.S.1    Forrestal, F.G.2
  • 30
    • 70349745515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting responders to therapies for multiple sclerosis
    • Rio J, Comabella M, Montalban X. Predicting responders to therapies for multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2009; 5: 553-560.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 553-560
    • Rio, J.1    Comabella, M.2    Montalban, X.3
  • 31
    • 67649354558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures in the first year of therapy predict the response to interferon beta in MS
    • Río J, Castilló J, Rovira A, et al. Measures in the first year of therapy predict the response to interferon beta in MS. Mult Scler 2009; 15: 848-853.
    • (2009) Mult Scler , vol.15 , pp. 848-853
    • Río, J.1    Castilló, J.2    Rovira, A.3
  • 32
    • 76149140914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Cohen JA, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 402-415.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 402-415
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Barkhof, F.2    Comi, G.3
  • 33
    • 79956024142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of fingolimod with interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised extension of the TRANSFORMS study
    • Khatri B, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. Comparison of fingolimod with interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised extension of the TRANSFORMS study. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10: 520-529.
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 520-529
    • Khatri, B.1    Barkhof, F.2    Comi, G.3
  • 34
    • 84881550415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fingolimod versus intramuscular interferon in patient subgroups from TRANSFORMS
    • Cohen JA, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. Fingolimod versus intramuscular interferon in patient subgroups from TRANSFORMS. J Neurol 2013; 260: 2023-2032.
    • (2013) J Neurol , vol.260 , pp. 2023-2032
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Barkhof, F.2    Comi, G.3
  • 35
    • 76149093586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 387-401.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 387-401
    • Kappos, L.1    Radue, E.W.2    O'Connor, P.3
  • 36
    • 85027946124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapse and disability outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod: subgroup analyses of the double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled FREEDOMS study
    • Devonshire V, Havrdova E, Radue EW, et al. Relapse and disability outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod: subgroup analyses of the double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled FREEDOMS study. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11: 420-428.
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 420-428
    • Devonshire, V.1    Havrdova, E.2    Radue, E.W.3
  • 37
    • 33644584352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Polman CH, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 899-910.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 899-910
    • Polman, C.H.1    O'Connor, P.W.2    Havrdova, E.3
  • 38
    • 33644608613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Rudick RA, Stuart WH, Calabresi PA, et al. Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 911-923.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 911-923
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Stuart, W.H.2    Calabresi, P.A.3
  • 39
    • 84893866382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ClinicalTrials.gov. Study Evaluating Rebif, Copaxone, and Tysabri for Active Multiple Sclerosis (SURPASS), Available at: (accessed 10/04/2012).
    • ClinicalTrials.gov. Study Evaluating Rebif, Copaxone, and Tysabri for Active Multiple Sclerosis (SURPASS), 2012. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01058005 (accessed 10/04/2012).
    • (2012)
  • 40
    • 78751542854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab induces a rapid improvement of disability status and ambulation after failure of previous therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Belachew S, Phan-Ba R, Bartholome E, et al. Natalizumab induces a rapid improvement of disability status and ambulation after failure of previous therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18: 240-245.
    • (2011) Eur J Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 240-245
    • Belachew, S.1    Phan-Ba, R.2    Bartholome, E.3
  • 41
    • 79751519271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching multiple sclerosis patients with breakthrough disease to second-line therapy
    • Castillo-Trivino T, Mowry EM, Gajofatto A, et al. Switching multiple sclerosis patients with breakthrough disease to second-line therapy. PLoS ONE 2011; 6: e16664.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Castillo-Trivino, T.1    Mowry, E.M.2    Gajofatto, A.3
  • 42
    • 84855925874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escalation to natalizumab or switching among immunomodulators in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Prosperini L, Gianni C, Leonardi L, et al. Escalation to natalizumab or switching among immunomodulators in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2012; 18: 64-71.
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.18 , pp. 64-71
    • Prosperini, L.1    Gianni, C.2    Leonardi, L.3
  • 43
    • 60049090180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab is effective as second line therapy in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Putzki N, Kollia K, Woods S, et al. Natalizumab is effective as second line therapy in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16: 424-426.
    • (2009) Eur J Neurol , vol.16 , pp. 424-426
    • Putzki, N.1    Kollia, K.2    Woods, S.3
  • 44
    • 74249110981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab reduces clinical and MRI activity in multiple sclerosis patients with high disease activity: results from a multicenter study in Switzerland
    • Putzki N, Yaldizli O, Buhler R, et al. Natalizumab reduces clinical and MRI activity in multiple sclerosis patients with high disease activity: results from a multicenter study in Switzerland. Eur Neurol 2010; 63: 101-106.
    • (2010) Eur Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 101-106
    • Putzki, N.1    Yaldizli, O.2    Buhler, R.3
  • 45
    • 73449107729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of natalizumab in second line therapy of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from a multi-center study in German speaking countries
    • Putzki N, Yaldizli O, Maurer M, et al. Efficacy of natalizumab in second line therapy of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from a multi-center study in German speaking countries. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17: 31-37.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 31-37
    • Putzki, N.1    Yaldizli, O.2    Maurer, M.3
  • 46
    • 66249136346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing antibodies to interferon-beta and other immunological treatments for multiple sclerosis: prevalence and impact on outcomes
    • Deisenhammer F. Neutralizing antibodies to interferon-beta and other immunological treatments for multiple sclerosis: prevalence and impact on outcomes. CNS Drugs 2009; 23: 379-396.
    • (2009) CNS Drugs , vol.23 , pp. 379-396
    • Deisenhammer, F.1
  • 47
    • 34848816850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence and significance of anti-natalizumab antibodies: results from AFFIRM and SENTINEL
    • Calabresi PA, Giovannoni G, Confavreux C, et al. The incidence and significance of anti-natalizumab antibodies: results from AFFIRM and SENTINEL. Neurology 2007; 69: 1391-1403.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1391-1403
    • Calabresi, P.A.1    Giovannoni, G.2    Confavreux, C.3
  • 48
    • 77951073508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of oral fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis
    • Chun J, Hartung HP. Mechanism of action of oral fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neuropharmacol 2010; 33: 91-101.
    • (2010) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.33 , pp. 91-101
    • Chun, J.1    Hartung, H.P.2
  • 50
    • 70849086174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FTY720 (fingolimod) in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic effects in the immune and the central nervous system
    • Brinkmann V. FTY720 (fingolimod) in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic effects in the immune and the central nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158: 1173-1182.
    • (2009) Br J Pharmacol , vol.158 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Brinkmann, V.1
  • 51
    • 54449099880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FTY720 therapy exerts differential effects on T cell subsets in multiple sclerosis
    • Mehling M, Brinkmann V, Antel J, et al. FTY720 therapy exerts differential effects on T cell subsets in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2008; 71: 1261-1267.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 1261-1267
    • Mehling, M.1    Brinkmann, V.2    Antel, J.3
  • 52
    • 84893862616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal profile of lymphocyte counts and relationship with infections with fingolimod therapy
    • doi:10.1177/1352458513500551 [Epub ahead of print].
    • Francis G, Kappos L, O'Connor P, et al. Temporal profile of lymphocyte counts and relationship with infections with fingolimod therapy. Mult Scler J 2013; doi:10.1177/1352458513500551 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2013) Mult Scler J
    • Francis, G.1    Kappos, L.2    O'Connor, P.3
  • 53
    • 84871187559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis rebound following herpes zoster infection and suspension of fingolimod
    • Gross CM, Baumgartner A, Rauer S, et al. Multiple sclerosis rebound following herpes zoster infection and suspension of fingolimod. Neurology 2012; 79: 2006-2007.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , pp. 2006-2007
    • Gross, C.M.1    Baumgartner, A.2    Rauer, S.3
  • 54
    • 79953185422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary varicella zoster infection associated with fingolimod treatment
    • Uccelli A, Ginocchio F, Mancardi GL, et al. Primary varicella zoster infection associated with fingolimod treatment. Neurology 2011; 76: 1023-1024.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 1023-1024
    • Uccelli, A.1    Ginocchio, F.2    Mancardi, G.L.3
  • 55
    • 84871255428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varicella-zoster virus encephalitis and vasculopathy in a patient treated with fingolimod
    • Ratchford JN, Costello K, Reich DS, et al. Varicella-zoster virus encephalitis and vasculopathy in a patient treated with fingolimod. Neurology 2012; 79: 2002-2004.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , pp. 2002-2004
    • Ratchford, J.N.1    Costello, K.2    Reich, D.S.3
  • 56
    • 84893872250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Revised Summary of Product Characteristics. Gilenya (fingolimod), Available at: (accessed 22/04/2012).
    • European Medicines Agency. Revised Summary of Product Characteristics. Gilenya (fingolimod), 2012. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Other/2012/04/WC500125687.pdf (accessed 22/04/2012).
    • (2012)
  • 57
    • 84893864974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novartis statement: Gilenya (fingolimod) safety information update, Available at: (accessed 18/04/2012).
    • Novartis AG. Novartis statement: Gilenya (fingolimod) safety information update, 2012. Available at: http://www.novartis.com/downloads/newsroom/product-related-info-center/statement-PML.pdf (accessed 18/04/2012).
    • (2012)
    • Novartis, A.G.1
  • 58
    • 84893860994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Gilenya (fingolimod): Revised US prescribing information, Available at: (accessed 17/05/2012).
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Gilenya (fingolimod): Revised US prescribing information, 2012. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/022527s008lbl.pdf (accessed 17/05/2012).
    • (2012)
  • 59
    • 84893872434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Gilenya (fingolimod): Drug Safety Communication - Safety Review of a Reported Death After the First Dose. Posted 20 December 2011, Available at: (accessed 19/04/2012).
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Gilenya (fingolimod): Drug Safety Communication - Safety Review of a Reported Death After the First Dose. Posted 20 December 2011, 2011. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm284355.htm (accessed 19/04/2012).
    • (2011)
  • 60
    • 84875446050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac safety of fingolimod 0.5 mg during the first dose observation in 4-month, open-label, multi-center FIRST study in patients with relapsing MS
    • Comi G, Kappos L, Palace J, et al. Cardiac safety of fingolimod 0.5 mg during the first dose observation in 4-month, open-label, multi-center FIRST study in patients with relapsing MS. Neurology 2012; 17: S41.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.17
    • Comi, G.1    Kappos, L.2    Palace, J.3
  • 61
    • 84893857450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequently Asked Questions: Reported multiple sclerosis (MS) deaths of patients on Gilenya from any cause through December 13, Available at: (accessed 13/03/2012).
    • Novartis AG. Frequently Asked Questions: Reported multiple sclerosis (MS) deaths of patients on Gilenya from any cause through December 13, 2011. Available at: http://www.novartis.com/downloads/newsroom/product-related-info-center/gylenia-faq.pdf; (accessed 13/03/2012).
    • (2011)
    • Novartis, A.G.1
  • 62
    • 84893849274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Gilenya (fingolimod): Drug Safety Communication - Revised recommendations for cardiovascular monitoring and use of multiple sclerosis drug Gilenya (fingolimod), Available at: (accessed 17/05/2012).
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Gilenya (fingolimod): Drug Safety Communication - Revised recommendations for cardiovascular monitoring and use of multiple sclerosis drug Gilenya (fingolimod), 2012. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm303192.htm (accessed 17/05/2012).
    • (2012)
  • 63
    • 84893869093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novartis statement on reported multiple sclerosis (MS) deaths of patients on Gilenya (fingolimod) from any cause through December 13, Available at: (accessed 13/03/2012).
    • Novartis AG. Novartis statement on reported multiple sclerosis (MS) deaths of patients on Gilenya (fingolimod) from any cause through December 13, 2011. Available at: http://www.novartis.com/downloads/newsroom/product-related-info-center/statement.pdf (accessed 13/03/2012).
    • (2011)
    • Novartis, A.G.1
  • 64
    • 84893852539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ophthalmic evaluations in clinical studies of fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis (MS)
    • Zarbin M, Reder AT, Collins W, et al. Ophthalmic evaluations in clinical studies of fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Neurology 2011; 76(Suppl. 4): A238.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Zarbin, M.1    Reder, A.T.2    Collins, W.3
  • 65
    • 84893827739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral MS drug may increase risk for macular edema: a report from the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society (NANOS) and the AAO ONE Neuro-Ophthalmology Committee, Available at: (accessed 04/04/2012).
    • Lee AG. Oral MS drug may increase risk for macular edema: a report from the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society (NANOS) and the AAO ONE Neuro-Ophthalmology Committee, 2011. Available at: http://www.nanosweb.org/files/public/MS_drug_may_increase_risk_for_RVO1NOTRACK2lf.pdf (accessed 04/04/2012).
    • (2011)
    • Lee, A.G.1
  • 66
    • 77949297173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis
    • Tan CS, Koralnik IJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 425-437.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 425-437
    • Tan, C.S.1    Koralnik, I.J.2
  • 67
    • 84893843855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogen-Idec. Natalizumab-associated PML update: March 2013, Available at: (accessed 01/04/2013).
    • Biogen-Idec. Natalizumab-associated PML update: March 2013, 2013. Available at: http://www.biogenidec-international.com/tysabri.aspx?ID=4763 (accessed 01/04/2013).
    • (2013)
  • 68
    • 79957449040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcomes of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Vermersch P, Kappos L, Gold R, et al. Clinical outcomes of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 2011; 76: 1697-1704.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 1697-1704
    • Vermersch, P.1    Kappos, L.2    Gold, R.3
  • 69
    • 84857030535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathology of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in multiple sclerosis with natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Metz I, Radue EW, Oterino A, et al. Pathology of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in multiple sclerosis with natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 123: 235-245.
    • (2012) Acta Neuropathol , vol.123 , pp. 235-245
    • Metz, I.1    Radue, E.W.2    Oterino, A.3
  • 70
    • 84893863083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tysabri US prescribing information. Revised January 2012. Available at: (accessed 03/04/2012).
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tysabri US prescribing information. Revised January 2012. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/125104s0576lbl.pdf (accessed 03/04/2012).
  • 71
    • 84893824458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: New risk factor for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) associated with Tysabri (natalizumab), Available at: (accessed 20/04/2012).
    • US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: New risk factor for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) associated with Tysabri (natalizumab), 2012. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm288186.htm (accessed 20/04/2012).
    • (2012)
  • 72
    • 83255193049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-John Cunningham virus antibody prevalence in multiple sclerosis patients: baseline results of STRATIFY-1
    • Bozic C, Richman S, Plavina T, et al. Anti-John Cunningham virus antibody prevalence in multiple sclerosis patients: baseline results of STRATIFY-1. Ann Neurol 2011; 70: 742-750.
    • (2011) Ann Neurol , vol.70 , pp. 742-750
    • Bozic, C.1    Richman, S.2    Plavina, T.3
  • 73
    • 84856724312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk stratification for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with natalizumab
    • Sorensen PS, Bertolotto A, Edan G, et al. Risk stratification for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with natalizumab. Mult Scler 2012; 18: 143-152.
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.18 , pp. 143-152
    • Sorensen, P.S.1    Bertolotto, A.2    Edan, G.3
  • 74
    • 77956387401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-JC virus antibodies: implications for PML risk stratification
    • Gorelik L, Lerner M, Bixler S, et al. Anti-JC virus antibodies: implications for PML risk stratification. Ann Neurol 2010; 68: 295-303.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 295-303
    • Gorelik, L.1    Lerner, M.2    Bixler, S.3
  • 75
    • 84893859249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate risk assessment for the development of PML in natalizumab treated MS patients requires CSF analysis
    • Bettin M, Lin J, Sadiq S. Accurate risk assessment for the development of PML in natalizumab treated MS patients requires CSF analysis. Neurology 2012; 77: P07.056.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.77
    • Bettin, M.1    Lin, J.2    Sadiq, S.3
  • 76
    • 84855575065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI preclinical detection and asymptomatic course of a progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) under natalizumab therapy
    • Phan-Ba R, Lommers E, Tshibanda L, et al. MRI preclinical detection and asymptomatic course of a progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) under natalizumab therapy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012; 83: 224-226.
    • (2012) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.83 , pp. 224-226
    • Phan-Ba, R.1    Lommers, E.2    Tshibanda, L.3
  • 77
    • 79959453161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient treated with natalizumab
    • Author reply 1061-1062.
    • Phan-Ba R, Bisig B, Deprez M, et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient treated with natalizumab. Ann Neurol 2011; 69: 1060-1061. Author reply 1061-1062.
    • (2011) Ann Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 1060-1061
    • Phan-Ba, R.1    Bisig, B.2    Deprez, M.3
  • 78
    • 70349440918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient treated with natalizumab
    • Schweikert A, Kremer M, Ringel F, et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient treated with natalizumab. Ann Neurol 2009; 66: 403-406.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 403-406
    • Schweikert, A.1    Kremer, M.2    Ringel, F.3
  • 79
    • 77950583142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinically significant liver injury in patients treated with natalizumab
    • Bezabeh S, Flowers CM, Kortepeter C, et al. Clinically significant liver injury in patients treated with natalizumab. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31: 1028-1035.
    • (2010) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.31 , pp. 1028-1035
    • Bezabeh, S.1    Flowers, C.M.2    Kortepeter, C.3
  • 80
    • 77956377928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Considerations on discontinuing natalizumab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Berger JR, Centonze D, Comi G, et al. Considerations on discontinuing natalizumab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2010; 68: 409-411.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 409-411
    • Berger, J.R.1    Centonze, D.2    Comi, G.3
  • 81
    • 79951543155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis following cessation of natalizumab therapy
    • Miravalle A, Jensen R, Kinkel RP. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis following cessation of natalizumab therapy. Arch Neurol 2011; 68: 186-191.
    • (2011) Arch Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 186-191
    • Miravalle, A.1    Jensen, R.2    Kinkel, R.P.3
  • 82
    • 77956385153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab drug holiday in multiple sclerosis: poorly tolerated
    • Killestein J, Vennegoor A, Strijbis EM, et al. Natalizumab drug holiday in multiple sclerosis: poorly tolerated. Ann Neurol 2010; 68: 392-395.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 392-395
    • Killestein, J.1    Vennegoor, A.2    Strijbis, E.M.3
  • 83
    • 77956388036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab dosage suspension: are we helping or hurting?
    • West TW, Cree BA. Natalizumab dosage suspension: are we helping or hurting? Ann Neurol 2010; 68: 395-399.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 395-399
    • West, T.W.1    Cree, B.A.2
  • 84
    • 84859849594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab discontinuation: an increasingly tricky proposition
    • West TW, Killestein J, Fox RJ. Natalizumab discontinuation: an increasingly tricky proposition. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19: 663-664.
    • (2012) Eur J Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 663-664
    • West, T.W.1    Killestein, J.2    Fox, R.J.3
  • 85
    • 84868026062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal of fingolimod treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: report of six cases
    • Hakiki B, Portaccio E, Giannini M, et al. Withdrawal of fingolimod treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: report of six cases. Mult Scler 2012; 18: 1636-1639.
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.18 , pp. 1636-1639
    • Hakiki, B.1    Portaccio, E.2    Giannini, M.3
  • 86
    • 84856912473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rebound of disease activity after withdrawal of fingolimod (FTY720) treatment
    • Havla JB, Pellkofer HL, Meinl I, et al. Rebound of disease activity after withdrawal of fingolimod (FTY720) treatment. Arch Neurol 2012; 69: 262-264.
    • (2012) Arch Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 262-264
    • Havla, J.B.1    Pellkofer, H.L.2    Meinl, I.3
  • 87
    • 84872316838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease reactivation after fingolimod discontinuation in two multiple sclerosis patients
    • Ghezzi A, Rocca MA, Baroncini D, et al. Disease reactivation after fingolimod discontinuation in two multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol 2013; 260: 327-329.
    • (2013) J Neurol , vol.260 , pp. 327-329
    • Ghezzi, A.1    Rocca, M.A.2    Baroncini, D.3
  • 88
    • 84893855024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • editors. Pooled efficacy data demonstrate that fingolimod reduces multiple sclerosis relapse rate with no evidence of rebound after discontinuing treatment. Poster 844 presented at the 26th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and the 15th Annual Conference of Rehabilitation in MS; 13-16 October 2010; Gothenburg, Sweden.
    • De Vera A, Kappos L, Zhang-Auberson L, et al., editors. Pooled efficacy data demonstrate that fingolimod reduces multiple sclerosis relapse rate with no evidence of rebound after discontinuing treatment. Poster 844 presented at the 26th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and the 15th Annual Conference of Rehabilitation in MS; 13-16 October 2010; Gothenburg, Sweden.
    • De Vera, A.1    Kappos, L.2    Zhang-Auberson, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.