Rayleigh damping in the free troposphere

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 71, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 553-565

  Romps, David M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84893843329     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-13-062.1     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Blossey, P. N., C. S. Bretherton, and M. C. Wyant, 2009: Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model. Part II: Column modeling with a cloud resolving model. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 1, 8, doi:10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.8.
2. Blossey, P. N., Z. Kuang, and D. M. Romps, 2010: Isotopic composition of water in the tropical tropopause layer in cloud-resolving simulations of an idealized tropical circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D24309, doi:10.1029/2010JD014554.
3. Bretherton, C. S., P. N. Blossey, and M. E. Peters, 2006: Interpretation of simple and cloud-resolving simulations of moist convection-radiation interaction with a mock-Walker circulation. Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 20, 421-442.
4. Carr, M. T., and C. S. Bretherton, 2001: Convective momentum transport over the tropical pacific: Budget estimates. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1673-1693.
5. Chang, C. P., 1977: Viscous internal gravity waves and lowfrequency oscillations in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 901-910.
6. Chang, C. P., and H. Lim, 1982: On the effects of viscous damping on equatorial Rossby waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1726-1733.
7. Clayson, C. A., and L. Kantha, 2008: On turbulence and mixing in the free atmosphere inferred from high-resolution soundings. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 833-852.
8. Clough, S., M. Shephard, E. Mlawer, J. Delamere, M. Iacono, K. Cady-Pereira, S. Boukabara, and P. Brown, 2005: Atmospheric radiative transfer modeling: A summary of the AER codes. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 91, 233-244.
9. Dawe, J. T., and P. H. Austin, 2011a: Interpolation of LES cloud surfaces for use in direct calculations of entrainment and detrainment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 444-456.
10. Dawe, J. T., and P. H. Austin, 2011b: The influence of the cloud shell on tracer budget measurements of LES cloud entrainment. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2909-2920.
11. Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447-462.
12. Grabowski, W. W., J.-I. Yano, and M. W. Moncrieff, 2000: Cloud resolving modeling of tropical circulations driven by largescale SST gradients. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2022-2040.
13. Gregory, D., R. Kershaw, and P. M. Inness, 1997: Parametrization of momentum transport by convection. II: Tests in singlecolumn and general circulation models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1153-1183.
14. Holton, J. R., and D. E. Colton, 1972: A diagnostic study of the vorticity balance at 200mb in the tropics during the northern summer. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1124-1128.
15. Houze, R., 1973: A climatological study of vertical transports by cumulus-scale convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1112-1123.
16. Iacono, M., J. Delamere, E. Mlawer, M. Shephard, S. Clough, and W. Collins, 2008: Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D13103, doi:10.1029/2008JD009944.
17. Johnson, R. H., 1976: The role of convective-scale precipitation downdrafts in cumulus and synoptic-scale interactions. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1890-1910.
18. Jorgensen, D., E. Zipser, and M. LeMone, 1985: Vertical motions in intense hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 839-856.
19. Kuang, Z., 2008: Modeling the interaction between cumulus convection and linear gravity waves using a limited-domain cloud system-resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 576-591.
20. Kuang, Z., 2011: The wavelength dependence of the gross moist stability and the scale selection in the instability of column-integrated moist static energy. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 61-74.
21. Lee, S.-K., C. Wang, and B. E. Mapes, 2009: A simple atmospheric model of the local and teleconnection responses to tropical heating anomalies. J. Climate, 22, 272-284.
22. LeMone, M. A., 1983: Momentum transport by a line of cumulonimbus. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1815-1834.
23. Lin, J. L., M. Zhang, and B. Mapes, 2005: Zonal momentum budget of the Madden-Julian oscillation: The source and strength of equivalent linear damping. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2172-2188.
24. Lin, J. L., B. E. Mapes, and W. Han, 2008: What are the sources of mechanical damping in Matsuno-Gill-type models? J. Climate, 21, 165-179.
25. Malkus, J. S., 1952: The slopes of cumulus clouds in relation to external wind shear. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 78, 530-542.
26. Mapes, B. E., and X. Wu, 2001: Convective eddy momentum tendencies in long cloud-resolving model simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 517-526.
27. Matsuno, T., 1966: Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 25-43.
28. Moncrieff,M.W., 1992: Organized convective systems: Archetypal dynamical models, mass and momentum flux theory, and parametrization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 819-850.
29. Neelin, J. D., I. M. Held, and K. H. Cook, 1987: Evaporation-wind feedback and low-frequency variability in the tropical atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2341-2348.
30. Raymond, D. J., and X. Zeng, 2000: Instability and large-scale circulations in a two-column model of the tropical troposphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 3117-3135.
31. Robe, F. R., and K. A. Emanuel, 2001: The effect of vertical wind shear on radiative-convective equilibrium states. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1427-1445.
32. Romps, D. M., 2008: The dry-entropy budget of a moist atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3779-3799.
33. Romps, D. M., 2010: A direct measure of entrainment. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1908-1927.
34. Romps, D. M., 2012a: Numerical tests of the weak pressure gradient approximation. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 2846-2856.
35. Romps, D. M., 2012b: On the equivalence of two schemes for convective momentum transport. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 3491-3500.
36. Romps, D. M., 2012c: Weak pressure gradient approximation and its analytical solutions. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 2835-2845.
37. Romps, D. M., and Z. Kuang, 2010: Do undiluted convective plumes exist in the upper tropical troposphere? J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 468-484.
38. Schneider, E. K., and R. S. Lindzen, 1976: A discussion of the parameterization of momentum exchange by cumulus convection. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3158-3160.
39. Schneider, E. K., and R. S. Lindzen, 1977: Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part I. Linearized calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 263-279.
40. Seager, R., 1991:A simple model of the climatology and variability of the low-level wind field in the tropics. J. Climate, 4, 164-179.
41. Sugiyama, M., 2009: The moisture mode in the quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model. Part II: Nonlinear behavior on an equatorial b plane. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1525-1542.
42. Wilson, R., 2004: Turbulent diffusivity in the free atmosphere inferred from MST radar measurements: A review. Ann. Geophys., 22, 3869-3887.
43. Wu, X., and M. Yanai, 1994: Effects of vertical wind shear on the cumulus transport of momentum: Observations and parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1640-1660.
44. Wu, Z., D. S. Battisti, and E. S. Sarachik, 2000: Rayleigh friction, Newtonian cooling, and the linear response to steady tropical heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1937-1957.
45. Yang, W., R. Seager, and M. A. Cane, 2013: Zonal momentum balance in the tropical atmospheric circulation during the global monsoon mature months. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 583-599.
46. Yu, J. Y., and J. D. Neelin, 1997: Analytic approximations for moist convectively adjusted regions. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1054-1063.