Indigenous peoples’ issues and indigenous uses of GIS

The SAGE Handbook of GIS and Society

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 202-221

  Laituri, Melinda ^a  

^a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84893595580     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4135/9781446201046.n11     Document Type: Chapter

References (120)

1. Abbot, J.R., Chambers, C., Dunn, Harris, T., de Merode, E., Porter, G., Townsend, J. and Weiner, D.'Participatory GIS: Opportunity or oxymoron?', PLA Notes, 100: 27-33 (1998)
2. Agosto, G.'Digitzing IKS: Epistemic complexity, datadiversity and cognitive justice', The International Information and Library Review, 100: 211-18 (2008)
3. Aguis, P., Jenkin, T., Jarvis, S., Howitt, R., and Williams, R.'(Re)asserting indigenous rights and jurisdictions within a politics of place: Transformative nature of native title negotiations in South Australia', Geographical Research, 45 (2): 194-202 (2007)doi:10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00451.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00451.x
4. Anderson, M., Hill, S., and Wavey, R.'GIS as a bridge between cultures', GIS World, 10 (18). (1993)
5. Aporta, C. and Higgs, E.'Satellite culture: Global positioning systems, inuit wayfinding and the need for a new account of technology', Current Anthropology, 46 (5/12): 729-53 (2005)doi:10.1086/432651 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/432651
6. Aust, R., Newberry, B., and Resta, P.(1996) Internet Strategies for Empowering Indigenous Communities in Teaching and Learning.INET '96 Montreal, Canada. http://www.isoc.org/inet96/proceedings/h4/h4_4.htm (accessed 30 September 2010).
7. Barton, P.L., 'Maori geographical knowledge and mapping: A synopsis', The Turnbull Library Record, 13 (1): 5-15 (1980)
8. Berkes, F.(1999) Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management. Philadelphia, PA:Taylor & Francis
9. Bhattacharyya, A.'Using participatory GIS to bridge knowledge divides among the onge of little Andaman Island, India', Knowledge Management for Development Journal, 2 (3): 97-110 (2006)
10. Blaut, J.(1993) The Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History. New York:Guilford Press
11. Blaut, J., Stea, D., Spencer, C., Blades, M.(2003) 'Mapping as a cultural and cognitive universal'
12. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 93 (1): 165-185doi:10.1111/1467-8306.93111 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.93111
13. Berman, M.(1984) The Reenchantment of the World. New York:Bantom Books
14. Bowker, G.'Biodiveristy, datadiversity', Social Studies of Science, 30 (5): 643-83 (2000)doi:10.1177/030631200030005001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631200030005001
15. Brantenberg, T. and Minde, H.(1995) 'Introduction: The indigenous perspective. In: Becoming visible: Indigenous politics and self government'. In T.Brantenberg J.Hansen and H.Minde (eds), Proceedings of the Conference on Indigenous Politics and Government 8-10 No 1993, Tromso. Tromso:Center for Saami Studies
16. Brodnig, G. and Mayer-Schonberger, V.'Bridging the gap: The role of spatial information technologies in the integration of traditional environmental knowledge and western science', The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, 1 (1): 1-15. (2000)http://www.ejisdc.org/.
17. Brodnig, G. and Mayer-Schonberger, V.(2005) 'Closing the chasm'. In R. M.Davison, et al. (eds), Information Systems in Developing Countries - Theory and Practice, 9 City University of Hong Kong Press.
18. Burger, J.(1990) The Gaia Atlas of First Peoples: A Future for the Indigenous World. Ringwood:Penguin Books
19. Cajete, G.(2000) Native Science: Natural Laws of Interdependence. Sante Fe, NM:Clearlight Publishers
20. Cant, G., Goodall, A., and Inns, J. (eds)(2005) Discourses and Silences: Indigenous Peoples, Risks and Resistance. Christchurch, New Zealand:Department of Geography, University of Canterbury
21. Camara, G. and Onsrud, H.'Open-source geographic information systems software: Myths and realities', Open Access and the Public Domain in Digital Data and Information for Science, 100: 127-33 (2008)
22. Chambers, R.'Participatory mapping and geographic information systems: Whose map? Who is empowered and who disempowered? Who gains and who loses?', The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, 25 (2): 1-11 (2006)
23. Charters, C. and Stavenhagen, R.(2009) Making the Declaration Work: The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.
24. Chapin, M., Lamb, Z., and Threlkeld, B.'Mapping indigenous lands', The Annual Review of Anthropology, 100: 619-38 (2005)
25. Coombes, B.'Postcolonial conservation and Kiekie harvests at Morere New Zealand - abstracting indigenous knowledge from indigenous polities', Geographical Research, 45 (2): 186-93 (2007)doi:10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00450.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00450.x
26. Corbett, J., Rambaldi, G., Kyem, P., Weiner, D., Olson, R., Muchemi, J., McCall, M., and Chambers, R.'Overview: Mapping for change: The emergence of a new practice', Participatory Learning and Action, 54 (4): 13-20 (2006)
27. Cousins, B.(2000) 'Tenure and common property resources in Africa'. In C.Toulmin and J.Quan (eds), Evolving Land Rights, Policy and Tenure in Africa. London:DFID/IIED/NRI
28. Crawhall, N.(2003) Giving New Voice to Endangered Cultures. International Forum on Local Cultural Expressions and Communication, UNESCO, November 3. http://www.iapad.org/publications/ppgis/crawhall_nigel.pdf
29. Crosby, A.(2003) The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Westport, CT:Praeger
30. Cumbi, J.(2002) Combining local traditional knowledge with modern remote sensing techniques: A pilot study from Buzi and Save Basin in Central Mozambique. http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/sap/2002/ethiopia/presentations/2speaker03.pdf (accessed 8 December 2008).
31. Diamond, J.(1997) Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies. New York:W.W. Norton and Co
32. Dodge, M. and Kitchin, R.(2001) Atlas of Cyberspace. Harlow:Addison Wesley
33. Duerden, F. and Keller, C.P.'GIS and land selection for native claims', La Geographie Applique, 100: 11-4 (1992)
34. Dunn, C.'Participatory GIS - a people's GIS?', Progress in Human Geography, 31 (5): 616-37 (2007)doi:10.1177/0309132507081493 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132507081493
35. Dunn, C., Atkins, P., and Townsend, J.'GIS for development: A contradiction in terms?', Area, 29 (2): 151-9 (1997)doi:10.1111/j.1475-4762.1997.tb00017.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.1997.tb00017.x
36. Dyson, L.(2004) 'Cultural issues in the adoption of information and communication technologies by indigenous Australians'. In F.Sudweeks and C.Ess (eds), Proceedings Cultural Attitudes towards Communication and Technology. Australia:Murdoch Universitypp. 58-71.
37. Flavelle, A.(2002) Mapping Our Land: A Guide to Making Your own Maps of Communities and Traditional Lands. Connecticut:Lone Pine Foundation
38. Flavier, J.M., (1995) 'The regional program for the promotion of indigenous knowledge in Asia'. In D.M., Warren, L.J.Slikkerveer and D.Bronkensha (eds), The Cultural Dimension of Development: Indigenous Knowledge Systems. London:Intermediate Technology Publicationspp. 479-87.
39. Fox, J.'Mapping the commons: The social context of spatial information technologies', The Common Property Resource Digest, 100: 1-4 (1998)
40. Fox, J., Surayanta, K., Hershock, P., and Pramono, A.(2003) Mapping Power: Ironic Effects of Spatial
41. Information Technology. Working Paper No. 63. Environmental Change, Vulnerability, Honolulu:East-West Center
42. Fox, J., Suryanata, K., and Hershoc, P. (eds)(2005) Mapping Communities: Ethics, Values, Practice. Honolulu:East-West Center
43. Gregson, J.'"Breathing the thin air of cyberspace": Global knowledge and the Nepal context', Information Technology for Development, 9 (3/4): 141-52 (2000)doi:10.1080/02681102.2000.9525328 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2000.9525328
44. Grenier, (1998) Working with Indigenous Knowledge. Otawa:International Development Center
45. Harley, J.'Deconstructing the map', Cartographica, 100: 1-20 (1989)
46. Harmsworth, G.(2002) Indigenous Concepts, Values and Knowledge for Sustainable Development: New Zealand Cast Studies. 7th Joint Conference: Preservation of Ancient Cultures and the Globalization Scenario. School of Maori and Pacific Development & International Center for Cultural Studies (ICCS), India, 22-24 November
47. Harmsworth, Garth, Mick Park, and Dean Walker(2005) Report on the development and use of GIS for iwi and hap: Motueka case study, Aotearoa-New Zealand. Auckland:Landcare Research NZ Ltd. (p. 33) http://Maori GISreport.doc, (accessed 8 December 2008). Available from http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/sal/documents/ICM.
48. Harrington, S.(1999) Giving Land a Voice: Mapping our Home Places. Saltspring Island:Land Trust Alliance of BC
49. Harris, L. and Hazen, H.'Power of maps: (counter) mapping for conservation', An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies (ACME), 4 (1): 99-130 (2006)
50. Harris, T. and Weiner, D.'Empowerment, Marginalization and "Community-integrated" GIS', Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 25 (2): 67-76 (1998)doi:10.1559/152304098782594580 http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304098782594580
51. Hearn, K.(2007) 'Tribes effectively barred from making high-tech maps', National Geographic News. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/04/070426-asia-maps.html (accessed 8 December 2008).
52. Hodgson, D.'Introduction: Comparative perspectives on the indigenous rights movement in Africa and the Americas', American Anthropologist, 104 (4): 1037-49 (2002)doi:10.1525/aa.2002.104.4.1037 http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.4.1037
53. Indigenous Management Australia (1999) 'Digital dreaming: A national review of indigenous media and communications'. Executive Summary. Available from http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/41033/20060106-0000/ATSIC/programs/Broadcasting/Digital_Dreaming/preface.html. (accessed 8 December 2008).
54. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) Mapping for change: Practice, technologies and communication, 100: 54 (2006)
55. Johnson, J. and Murton, B.'Re/placing native science: Indigenous voices in contemporary constructions of nature', Geographical Research, 45 (2): 121-9 (2007)doi:10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00442.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00442.x
56. Johnson, J., Louis, R.P. and Pramono, A.H.'Facing the future: Encouraging critical cartographic literacies in indigenous communities', An Inter national E-Journal for Critical Geographies IACME, 4 (1): 80-98 (2006)
57. Katz, C.'All the world is staged: Intellectuals and the projects of ethnography'. Environmental Planning D: Soc. Space, 100: 495-510 (1992)
58. Kelley, K. and Francis, H.'Traditional Navajo maps and wayfinding', American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 2 (2): 85-111 (2005)
59. Kohler-Rollefson, I.(2004) Indigenous Knowledge of Animal Breeding and Breeds, http://www2.gtz.de/dokumente/bib/04-5104a2.pdf (accessed 17 December 2007).
60. Kyem, P.(2002) 'Promoting local community participation in forest management through a PPGIS application in Southern Ghana'. In W.Craig T.Howard and D.Weiner (ed.), Community Empowerment, Public Participation and Geographic Information Science. New York:Taylor & Francispp. 218-31.
61. Kyem, P.'Power, participation and inflexible institutions: An examination of the challenges to community empowerment in participatory GIS applications', Cartographica, 38 (3/4): 5-17 (2004)doi:10.3138/2J31-4648-6P62-6P78 http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/2J31-4648-6P62-6P78
62. Laituri, M. and Harvey, L.E.(1996) 'Bridging the space between indigenous ecological knowledge and New Zealand conservation management using geographic information systems'. In D. A.Saunders, J. L.Craig and E. M.Mattiske (eds), Nature Conservation 4: The Role of Networks. Chipping North, NSW, Australia:Surrey Beatty and Sonspp. 122-31.
63. Laituri, M.(2002) 'Equity and Access to GIS for Marginal Communities'. In W.Craig T.Howard and D.Weiner (eds), Community Empowerment, Public Participation and Geographic Information Science. London:Taylor & Francispp. 270-82.
64. Laituri, M.'The issue of access: An assessment guide for evaluating public participation geographic information science case studies', Journal of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association 15, APA II, 25-31. (2003)http://www.urisa.org/files/Laiturivol15apa2-3.pdf (accessed 8 December, 2008).
65. Lawrence, R.'Corporate social responsibility, supply chains and Saami claims: tracing the political in the Finnish forestry industry' Geographical Research, 45 (2): 167-76 (2007)doi:10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00448.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00448.x
66. Liebenberg, L., Blake, E., Steventon, L., Benadie, K., and Minye, J.(1998) 'Integrating traditional knowledge with computer science for the conservation of biodiversity'. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies, Osaka, Japan, October 1998, http://www.cybertracker.org/index.html (accessed 8 June 2009).
67. Lewis, G.'Metrics, geometries, signs and language: Sources of cartographic miscommunication between Native and Euro-American cultures in North American', Cartographica, 30 (1): 98-106 (1993)doi:10.3138/5T6V-4528-7621-6113 http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/5T6V-4528-7621-6113
68. Longley, P., Goodchild, M., Maguire, D. and Rhind, D. (eds)(1999) Geographical Information Systems: Principles, Techniques, Management and Applications.New York:John Wiley.
69. Louis, R.'Can you hear us now? Voices form the margin: Using indigenous methodologies in geographic research' Geographical Review, 45 (2): 130-9 (2007)
70. Malone, G.'Ways of belonging: Reconciliation and Adelaide's public space indigenous cultural markers' Geographical Research, 45 (2): 158-66 (2007)doi:10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00445.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00445.x
71. Mann, C.(2005) 1491: New Revelations of the Americas before Columbus. New York:Vintage Books
72. Mark, D.(2006) 'Cultural difference, technological imperialism and indigenous GIS', Directions Magazine, 18 May, http://www.directionsmag.com/printer.php?article_id=2173 (accessed 8 December 2008).
73. Meszaros B.'The role of geographic information systems in American Indian land and water rights litigation', American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 15 (3): 77-93 (1991)
74. McCall, M.'Seeking good governance in participatory GIS: A review of processes and governance dimensions in applying GIS to participatory spatial planning', Habitat International, 100: 549-73 (2003)
75. McCall, M. and Minang, P.'Assessing participatory GIS for community-based natural resource management: claiming community forests in Cameroon', Geographical Journal, 100: 340-56 (2005)
76. McCall, M.(2005) DRAFT: Nexus of Geo Datat Analysis and Local Spatial Knowledge: Applications of P-Mapping and PGIS to Issues in NRM and Community Development: A Partial Review (Draft), April, http://www.iapad.org/publications/ppgis/ITKNRMmaps Lit Review_IAPAD.pdf (accessed 8 December 2008).
77. McCall, M.(2010) Pgis-Psp-lsk: Applying Participatory-Gis and Participatory Mapping to Participatory Spatial Planning (in Particular to Local-Level Land and Resource Management) Utilizing Local and Indigenous Spatial Knowledge: A Bibliography, May 2008, http://ppgis.iapad.org/pdf/pgis_psp_itk_cbnrm_biblio_mcall.pdf (accessed 30 September 2010).
78. McKinnon, J.(2001) 'Mobile interactive GIS: Bringing indigenous knowledge and scientific information together: A narrative account'. Paper given at: International Workshop on Participatory Technology Development and Local Knowledge for Sustainable Land Use in Southeast Asia, Chiang Mai, June.
79. Merchant, C.(1995) 'Reinventing Eden: Western culture as a recovery narrative'. In W.Cronon (ed.), Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature. New York:W.W. Norton and Copp. 132-67.
80. Minang, P. and McCall, M.K.'Participatory GIS and local knowledge enhancement for community carbon forestry planning: An example from Cameroon', Participatory Learning and Action Number, 54 (4): 85-91 (2006)
81. Minde, H. and Hilsen, R.(2003) 'Conclusion', in S.Jentoft, H.Minde and R.Nilsen (eds), Indigenous Peoples: Resource Management and Global Rights. Delft:Eburon
82. Monmonier, M.(1996) How to Lie with Maps, 2nd edn.Chicago, IL:The University of Chicago Press
83. Nathan, D.'Plugging in indigenous knowledge: Connections and innovations', Australian Aboriginal Studies, 2000 (2): 39-47 (2000)
84. Nietschmann, B.'Defending the Miskito Reefs with maps and GPS', Cultural Survival Quarterly, 100: 34-37 (1995)
85. Nyseth, T. and Pedersen, P.(2005) 'Globalization form below: The revitalization of a Coastal Sami community in northern Norway as part of the global discourse in Indigenous identity', in G.Cant, A.Goodall and J.Inns (eds), Discourse and Silences: Indigenous Peoples, Risks and Resistance. Christchurch:University of Canterburypp. 71-85.
86. Obermeyer, N.'PPGIS: The evolution of public participation GIS', Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 25 (2): 65-6 (1998)doi:10.1559/152304098782594599 http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304098782594599
87. Oliveira, K.R.K.(2005) 'Two Worldviews War: The struggles of a Hawaiian connection to the land'. In G.Cant A.Goodall and J.Inns (eds), Discourses and Silences: Indigenous Peoples, Risks and Resistance. Christchurch:University of Canterburypp. 115-25.
88. Palmer, M.'Engaging the indigital geographic information networks', Futures, 100: 33-40 (2009)
89. Pearce, M. and Louis, R.'Mapping indigenous depth of place', American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 23 (3): 107-26 (2008)
90. Peat, F.'I have a map in my head', Revision, 18 (3): 11-17 (1996)
91. Peluso, N.L., 'Whose woods are these? Counter-mapping forest territories in Kalimantan, Indonesia', Antipode, 27 (4): 383-406 (1995)doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.1995.tb00286.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1995.tb00286.x
92. Poole, P.(1995) Indigenous Peoples, Mapping and Biodiversity Conservation, Biodiversity Support Program and World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC, http://rmportal.net/tools/biodiversity-support-program/indigenous_people.pdf/view (accessed 8 December 2008).
93. Poole, P.'Is there life after tenure mapping?', Participatory Learning and Action, 100: 41-9 (2006)
94. Puginier, O.(2001) 'Can participatory land use planning at community level in the highlands of northern Thailand use geographic information systems (GIS) as a communication tool?'. Paper presented at the International Workshop 'Participatory Technology Development and Local Knowledge for Sustainable Land Use in Southeast Asia'Chaing Mai:Thailand. 6-7: 6.
95. Rambaldi, G.'Who owns the map legend?', URISA Journal, 17 (1): 5-13 (2005)
96. Rambaldi, G. and Callosa-Tarr, J.(2002) Participatory 3-Dimensional Modeling: Guiding Principles and Applications. ASEAN Regional Center for Biodiversity Conservation (ARCBC), Los Banos, Laguna, Phillipines, July.
97. Rambaldi, G., Kyem, P., Mbile, P., McCall, M., and Weiner, D.(2005) 'Participatory spatial information management and communication in developing countries', Mapping for Change International Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 7-10 September.
98. Rantanen, H.(2005) 'Mapping local knowledge: Possibilities of Web GIS in a planning process', TED Workshop: e-Participation in Environmental Decision Making, 19-22 May, Helsinki and Conference Ship, Finland, http://www.ted.tkk.fi/Abstract_Rantanen.rtf
99. Razak, V.'Can indigenous cultures survive the future?', Future, 100: 907-15 (2003)
100. Riseth, J.'An indigenous perspective on national parks and Sami reindeer management in Norway', Geographical Review, 45 (2): 177-85 (2007)
101. Rundstrom, R.'GIS, Indigenous peoples and epistemological diversity', Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 22 (1): 45-57 (1995)doi:10.1559/152304095782540564 http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304095782540564
102. Rundstrom, R.'Mapping, the white man's burden', Common Property Resource Digest, 100: 7-9 (1998)
103. Said, E.(1993) Culture and Imperialism. London:Vintage Press
104. Sen, B.'Indigenous knowledge for development: Bringing research and practice together', The International Information and Library Review, 100: 375-82 (2005)
105. Skow, H.(2004) Navajo Nation Digital Technology Plan. Department of Information Technology, Window Rock, AZ, 30 June, http://www.dit.navajo.org/images/Docs/NAVAJO%20NATION%20Strategic%20Information%20Technology%20Plan%201.3.pdf (accessed 8 December 2008).
106. Tabor, J. and Hutchinson, C.'Using indigenous knowledge, remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development', Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 2 (1): 2-6 (1994)
107. Thrupp, L.'Legitimizing local knowledge: From displacement to empowerment for Third World people', Agriculture and Human Values, 100: 13-24 (1989)
108. Tran, P., Shaw, R., Chantry, G., and Norton, J.(2009) 'GIS and local knowledge in disaster management: a case study flood risk mapping in Vietnam'. Disasters. March 33 (1): 152-69. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01067.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01067.x
109. Tripathi, N. and Bhattarya, S.'Integrating indigenous knowledge and GIS for participatory natural resource management: State-of-the-Practice', The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, 17 (3): 1-13 (2004)
110. Turnbull, D.(1989) Maps are Territories: Science is an Atlas. Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press
111. Turnbull, D.(2003) Masons, Tricksters and Cartographers: Comparative Studies in the Sociology of Scientific an Indigenous Knowledge, 2nd edn.London:Routledge
112. UNESCO (2005) 'Local and Indigenous knowledge of the natural world: An overview of programmers and projects', International Workshop on Traditional Knowledge, Panama City, Panama, 21-23 September. http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/workshoop_TK_castro.pdf
113. Verplanke, J.(2004) Combining mobile GIS and indigenous knowledge in community managed forests. Proceedings of the 3rd annual URISA Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) Conference, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 18-20 July.
114. Waldron, J. and Sui, D.(1999) 'Integrating indigenous knowledge and GIS in land use suitability analysis', Paper presented at GISOC'99, Conference on Geographic Information and Society, Minneapolis, June. http://www.socsci.umn.edu/~bongman/gisoc99/new/waldron.htm. Accessed 30 September 2010.
115. Warren, D.M., (1991) Using Indigenous Knowledge in Agricultural Development, World Bank Discussion Paper No. 127. Washington, DC:The World Bank.
116. World Bank (1998) Indigenous Knowledge for Development - a Framework for Action, Knowledge and Learning Center Africa Region.Washington, DC:World Bank. http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ik/ikrept.pdf
117. Weiner, D., Harris, T., and Craig, W.(2002) 'Community participation and geographic information systems' in W.Craig, T.Harris and D.Weiner (eds), Community Participation and Geographic Information Systems. London:Taylor & Francispp. 3-16.
118. Wilson, G.A. and Memon, P.A.'Indigenous forest management in 21st-century New Zealand: towards a "postproductivist" indigenous forest-farmland interface?', Environment and Planning A, 100: 1493-518 (2005)
119. Wood, D.(1992) The Power of Maps. New York:Guilford Press
120. Zinn, H.(1995) A People's History of the United States: 1492 - Present. New York:Harper Perennial