Governance by Diffusion: Transnational Municipal Networks and the Spread of Local Climate Strategies in Europe

Global Environmental Politics

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 107-129

  Hakelberg, Lukas ^a  

^a EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE; GOVERNANCE APPROACH;

EUROPE;

EID: 84893510519     PISSN: 15263800     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/GLEP_a_00216     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Abbott, Kenneth. 2012. The Transnational Regime Complex for Climate Change. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 30 (4): 571-90.
2. Act2. 2011. Project website. Nantes: Act 2. Available at http://www.concerto-act2.eu/, accessed September 9, 2013.
3. ADEME. 2010. Fiche climat-energie. Paris: ADEME. Available at http://www2.ademe.fr/servlet/KBaseShow?sort_-1&cid_96&m_3&catid_23373, accessed September 9, 2013.
4. oective Research Program. International Organization 46 (1): 367-390.
5. Amsterdam. 2008. New Amsterdam Climate-Summary of Plans and Ongoing Projects. Amsterdam: The Amsterdam Climate Office. Available at http://www.docstoc.com/docs/83215333/New-Amsterdam-Climate, accessed September 9, 2013.
6. Andonova, Liliana, Michele Betsill, and Harriet Bulkeley. 2009. Transnational Climate Governance. Global Environmental Politics 9 (2): 52-73.
7. Barnett, Michael, and Martha Finnemore. 2004. Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
8. Berry, Frances, and William Berry. 1990. State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis. American Political Science Review 84 (2): 395-415.
9. Betsill, Michele. 2001. Mitigating Climate Change in US Cities: Opportunities and Obstacles. Local Environment 6 (4): 393-406.
10. Betsill, Michele, and Harriet Bulkeley. 2004. Transnational Networks and Global Environmental Governance: The Cities for Climate Protection Program. International Studies Quarterly 48: 471-493.
11. Betsill, Michele and Harriet Bulkeley. 2007. Looking Back and Thinking Ahead: A Decade of Cities and Climate Change Research. Local Environment 12 (5): 447-56.
12. Biermann, Frank, Philipp Pattberg, and Fariborz Zelli (eds.). 2010. Global Climate Governance Beyond 2012: Architecture, Agency, and Adaptation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. BMU. 2011. Klimaschutzinitiative. Berlin: BMU. Available at http://www.klimaschutz.de/de/programs-and-projects, accessed September 9, 2013.
14. Box-Steffensmeier, Janet, and Bradford Jones. 2004. Event History Modeling: A Guide for Social Scientists. New York: Cambridge University Press.
15. Bulkeley, Harriet, Anna Davies, Bob Evans, David Gibbs, Kristine Kern, and Kate Theobald. 2003. Environmental Governance and Transnational Municipal Networks in Europe. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 5 (3): 235.
16. Bulkeley, Harriet, and Kristine Kern. 2006. Local Government and the Governing of Climate Change in Germany and the UK. Urban Studies 43 (12): 2237-2259.
17. Bulkeley, Harriet, Heike Schroeder, Katy Janda, and Jimin Zhao. 2009. Cities and Climate Change: The role of institutions, governance and urban planning. World Bank urban symposium on climate change, Marseille. Available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1256566800920/6505269-1268260567624/Bulkeley.pdf, accessed September 9, 2013.
18. Bulkeley, Harriet, Liliana Andonova, Karin Bäckstrand, Michele Betsill, Daniel Compagnon, Rosaleen Duffy, Ans Kolk, Matthew Hoffmann, David Levy, Peter Newell, Tori Milledge, Matthew Paterson, Philipp Pattberg, Stacy VanDeveer. 2012. Governing Climate Change Transnationally: Assessing the Evidence from a Database of Sixty Initiatives. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 30 (4): 591-612.
19. Busch, Per-Olof, and Helge Jörgens. 2005. The International Sources of Policy Convergence: Explaining the Spread of Environmental Policy Innovations. Journal of European Public Policy 12: 860-884.
20. Busch, Per-Olof, and Helge Jörgens. Forthcoming. Governance by Diffusion: International Environmental Policy Coordination in the Era of Globalization. Dissertation. Freie Universität Berlin.
21. Busch, Per-Olof, Helge Jörgens, and Kerstin Tews. 2005. The Global Diffusion of Regulatory Instruments: The Making of a New International Environmental Regime. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 598 (1): 146-167.
22. C40. 2007. NYC Summit Attendees. London: C40 Secretariat. Available at http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutCouncil/Meetings/Lists/CouncilMeetingAgendaItems/Attachments/2842/C3_62_200706260530.pdf, accessed September 9, 2013.
23. C40. 2012a. C40 Cities. New York: C40 Cities. Available at http://www.c40cities.org/c40cities, accessed September 9, 2013.
24. C40. 2012b. Quantifying the Emissions Benefit of Climate Action in C40 Cities. New York: C40 Cities. Available at http://www.c40cities.org/system/resources/BAhbBlsHOgZmIkIyMDEyLzA2LzE5LzA4XzQ2XzA5XzIzMl9RdWFudGlmeWluZ 190aGVfRW1pc3Npb25zX0JlbmVmaXQucGRm/Quantifying%20the%20Emissions %20Benefit.pdf, accessed September 9, 2013.
25. C40. 2013. C40 Cities: Our Partners & Funders. London: C 40. Available at http://www.c40cities.org/partners, accessed September 9, 2013.
26. CCP. 2010. Sign Up Document. Freiburg: ICLEI. Available at http://www.iclei-europe.org/fileadmin/templates/iclei-europe/files/content/CCP/CCP_Europe_sign-up-doc 2010.pdf, accessed September 9, 2013.
27. CCP. 2011a. Tools and Links. Freiburg: ICLEI. Available at http://www.iclei-europe.org/ccp/tools-and-links/, accessed September 9, 2013.
28. CCP. 2011b. CCP Campaign. Freiburg: ICLEI. Available at http://www.iclei-europe.org/ccp/ccp-campaign/, accessed September 9, 2013.
29. CCP. 2011c. Climate Protection Website. Freiburg: CCP http://www.climateprotection.eu/, accessed September 9, 2013.
30. CCP. 2011d. Campaign Involvement. Freiburg: ICLEI http://www.iclei-europe.org/ccp/campaign-involvement/, accessed September 9, 2013.
31. Carbon Trust. 2011. Business and Public Sector. London: Carbon Trust. Available at http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/policy-legislation/business-public-sector/pages/business-public-sector-policy.aspx, accessed September 9, 2013.
32. Climate Alliance. 2011a. Climate Alliance: Home. Frankfurt: Climate Alliance. Available at http://www.klimabuendnis.org/home.html, accessed September 9, 2013.
33. Climate Alliance. 2011b. Benchmarks. Frankfurt: Climate Alliance. Available at http://www.benchmark-kommunaler-klimaschutz.net/, accessed September 9, 2013.
34. Climate Cities Benchmark. 2011. Website. Frankfurt: Climate Alliance. Available at http://www.climate-cities-benchmark.net/, accessed September 9, 2013.
35. Climate Compass. 2011a. Why a CLIMATE COMPASS? Frankfurt: Climate Alliance. Available at http://www.climate-compass.net/_why.html, accessed September 9, 2013.
36. Climate Compass. 2011b. Modules of the CLIMATE COMPASS methodology. Frankfurt: Climate Alliance. Available at http://www.climate-compass.net/_modules.html, accessed September 9, 2013.
37. Climate Compass. 2011c. Materials. Frankfurt: Climate Alliance. Available at http://www.climate-compass.net/materials.html, accessed September 9, 2013.
38. Cole, Daniel. 2011. From Global to Polycentric Climate Governance. WP 2011/30, European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Global Governance Programme. Available at http://ssrn.com/abstract_1858852, accessed September 9, 2013.
39. CORDIS. 2011. Search: Advanced search. Brussels: Cordis. Available at http://cordis.europa.eu/search/index.cfm?fuseaction_search.advanced, accessed September 9, 2013.
40. DiMaggio, Paul, and Walter Powell. 1983. The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review 48 (2): 147-160.
41. Dolowitz, David, and David Marsh. 2000. Learning from Abroad: The Role of Policy Transfer in Contemporary Policy-Making. Governance 13 (1): 5-23.
42. ELENA. 2010. Policynews. Brussels: European Commission. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/etap/inaction/policynews/535_de.html, accessed September 9, 2013.
43. Elkins, Zachary, and Beth Simmons. 2005. On Waves, Clusters, and Diffusion: A Conceptual Framework. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 598 (1): 33-51.
44. ELTIS. 2011. EU Funding Programmes. Brussels: ELTIS. Available at http://www.eltis.org/Vorlage.phtml?mainID_455&id_456, accessed September 9, 2013.
45. energie-cités. 2010. Membership Pack. Besancon: énergie-cités. Available at http://www.energy-cities.eu/IMG/pdf/membership_pack_en.pdf, accessed September 9, 2013.
46. energie-cités. 2011a. Les Ateliers Plan Climat Energie. Besancon: énergie-cités. Available at http://www.energy-cities.eu/Les-Ateliers-Plans-Climat-Energie,2126, accessed September 9, 2013.
47. Energy Saving Trust. 2011. Green Communities/UK Home-Energy Saving Trust. London: Energy Saving Trust. Available at http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/cafe, accessed September 9, 2013.
48. ENGAGE. 2011. Engage your city!. Besancon: Energy Cities. Available at http://www.citiesengage.eu/, accessed September 9, 2013.
49. Eurostat. 2011a. Städtestatistiken-Urban Audit. Luxembourg: Eurostat. Available at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/region_cities/city_urban, accessed September 9, 2013.
50. Eurostat 2011b. Cities Database. Luxembourg: Eurostat. Available at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/region_cities/city_urban/data_cities/database_sub1, accessed September 9, 2013.
51. Eurostat 2011c. Regional Statistics. Luxembourg: Eurostat. Available at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/region_cities/regional_statistics/data/main_tables, accessed September 9, 2013.
52. Finnemore, Martha, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. International Norm Dynamics and Political Change. International Organization 52 (4): 887-917.
53. GaWC. 2012. World City Relational Data. Loughborough: GaWC. Available at http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/data.html, accessed September 9, 2013.
54. Gore, Christopher. 2010. The Limits and Opportunities of Networks: Municipalities and Canadian Climate Change Policy. Review of Policy Research 27 (1): 27-46.
55. oections on the Swedish Experience. Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability 12 (5): 537.
56. Grenelle. 2012a. Qu'est-ce que la Grenelle? Paris: Ministère du Développement Durable. Available at http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/-Qu-est-ce-que-le-Grenelle-de-l-.html, accessed September 9, 2013.
57. Grenelle. 2012b. La documentation. Paris: Ministère du Développement Durable. Available at http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/-La-documentation,5973-.html accessed September 9, 2013.
58. Hakelberg, Lukas. 2011. Governing Climate Change by Diffusion: Transnational Municipal Networks as Catalysts of Policy Spread. FFU Report 08-2011. Environmental Policy Research Centre. Freie Universität Berlin.
59. Hamburg. 2007. Klimaschutz Hamburg 2007-2012. Drucksache 18/6803. Hamburg: Bürgerschaft der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg.
60. Hoffmann, Matthew. 2011. Climate Governance at the Crossroads: Experimenting with a Global Response after Kyoto. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
61. Holzinger, Katharina, Helge Jörgens, and Christoph Knill. 2007. Transfer, Diffusion und Konvergenz von Politiken. Politische Vierteljahresschrift/Sonderheft. Wiesbaden: VS Verl. für Sozialwiss.
62. IEA. 2009. Innovations in Multilevel Governance for Energy Efficiency. Information Paper Series. Paris: IEA/OECD Publishing. Available at http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/mlg_final_web.pdf, accessed September 9, 2013.
63. IEA. 2011. Addressing Climate Change Database. Paris: IEA. Available at http://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/climatechange/, accessed September 9, 2013.
64. Intelligent Energy Projects. 2011. Database. Brussels: Intelligent Energy Europe. Available at http://eaci-projects.eu/iee/page/Page.jsp, accessed September 9, 2013.
65. Jörgens, Helge. 2004. Governance by Diffusion-Implementing Global Norms Through Cross-National Imitation and Learning. In: Governance for Sustainable Development: The Challenge of Adapting Form to Function, edited by William M. Lafferty, 246-283. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
66. Kamal-Chaoui, Lamia, and Alexis Robert. 2009. Competitive Cities and Climate Change. OECD Regional Development Working Papers No. 2. Paris: OECD Publishing.
67. Keck, Margaret, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1999. Transnational Advocacy Networks in International and Regional Politics. International Social Science Journal 51 (159): 89-101.
68. KEMIN. 2011. Kommunesamarbejde. Copenhagen: Klima-, Energi-og Bygningsministeriet. Available at http://www.kebmin.dk/klima-energi-bygningspolitik/dansk-klima-energi-bygningspolitik/klimaindsatsen-danmark/sektorer-3, accessed September 9, 2013.
69. Keohane, Robert, and David Victor. 2010. The Regime Complex for Climate Change. Discussion Paper 10-33. Harvard, Kennedy School of Government. Available at http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/KeohaneVictor_Final.pdf, accessed September 9, 2013.
70. Kern, Kristine, Ingrid Kissling-Näf, Ute Landmann and coworkers. 2001. Policy Convergence and Policy Diffusion by Governmental and Non-Governmental Institutions. Discussion Paper FS II 01-305, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung.
71. Kern, Kristine, Niederhafner, and Rechlin. 2005. Kommunaler Klimaschutz in Deutschland-Handlungsoptionen, Entwicklung und Perspektiven. WZB Discussion Paper SP IV 2005-101. Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin. {fill in author first names}.
72. Kern, Kristine, Claudia Koll, and Malte Schophaus. 2007. The Diffusion of Local Agenda 21 in Germany: Comparing the German Federal States. Environmental Politics 16 (4): 604-624.
73. Kern, Kristine, and Gotelind Alber. 2009. Governing Climate Change in Cities: Modes of Urban Climate Governance in Multi-Level Systems. In OECD Conference Proceedings. Paris: OECD. Available at http://www.academia.edu/628190/Governing_climate_change_in_cities_modes_of_urban_climate_governance_in_multi-level_systems, accessed September 9, 2013.
74. Kern, Kristine, and Harriet Bulkeley. 2009. Cities, Europeanization and Multi-level Governance: Governing Climate Change through Transnational Municipal Networks. Journal of Common Market Studies 47 (2): 309-332.
75. klima:aktiv. 2011. e5-Programm für energieeffiziente Gemeinden. Wien: klima:aktiv. Available at http://www.klimaaktiv.at/gemeinden/e5programm.html, accessed September 9, 2013.
76. Klimafonds. 2011. Details. Wien: Klimafonds. Available at http://www.klimafonds.gv.at/foerderungen/aktuelle-foerderungen/, accessed September 9, 2013.
77. KLIMP. 2011. Database. Stockholm: Swedish EPA. Available at http://klimp.naturvardsverket.se/mir/advancedSearch.do?&showSwedish_true, accessed September 9, 2013.
78. Kousky, Carolyn, and Stephen Schneider. 2003. Global Climate Policy: Will Cities Lead the Way? Climate Policy 3 (4): 359-372.
79. Lee, Taedong. 2013. Global Cities and Transnational Climate Change Networks. Global Environmental Politics 13 (1): 108-127.
80. LIFE Projects. 2011. Environment-LIFE by Theme. Brussels: European Commission. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm, accessed September 9, 2013.
81. Mintrom, Michael. 1997. Policy Entrepreneurs and the Diffusion of Innovation. American Journal of Political Science 41 (3): 738-770.
82. OECD. StatExtracts. 2011. Consumer Prices (MEI). Paris: OECD. Stat. Available at http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DatasetCode_MEI_PRICES, accessed September 9, 2013.
83. Ostrom, Elinor. 2010a. Polycentric Systems for Coping With Collective Action and Global Environmental Change. Global Environmental Change 20 (4): 550-7.
84. Ostrom, Elinor. 2010b. A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change. Background paper to the World Bank's World Development Report 2010. Washington: World Bank. Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id_1494833#, accessed September 9, 2013.
85. Pattberg, Philipp. 2010. The Role and Relevance of Networked Climate Governance. In: Global Climate Governance Beyond 2012: Architecture, Agency, and Adaptation, edited by Frank Biermann, Philipp Pattberg, and Fariborz Zelli Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
86. Rose, Richard. 1991. What Is Lesson-Drawing? Journal of Public Policy 11 (1): 3-30.
87. Sancton, Andrew. 2006. Cities and Climate Change: Policy-takers not Policy-makers. Policy Options 27 (8): 32-4.
88. Schreurs, Miranda. 2008. From the Bottom Up: Local and Subnational Climate Change Politics. The Journal of Environment & Development 17 (4): 343-55.
89. Schroeder, Heike, and Harriet Bulkeley. 2008. Governing Climate Change Post-2012: The Role of Global Cities, Case Study: Los Angeles. Working Paper 112. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research.
90. Selin, Henrik, and Stacy VanDeveer. 2007. Political Science and Prediction: What's Next for US Climate Change Policy? Review of Policy Research 24 (1): 1-27.
91. SESAC. 2011. Sustainable Energy Systems in Advanced Cities-Other partners. Växjö: SESAC. Available at http://www.concerto-sesac.eu/spip.php?rubrique120, accessed September 9, 2013.
92. SFOE. 2011. The SwissEnergy programme. Ittingen: Swiss Federal Office of Energy. Available at http://www.bfe.admin.ch/energie/00458/index.html?lang_en, accessed September 9, 2013.
93. Shipan, Charles, and Craig Volden. 2006. Bottom-Up Federalism: The Diffusion of Antismoking Policies from US Cities to States. American Journal of Political Science 50 (4): 825-843.
94. Simmons, Beth, Frank Dobbin, and Geoffrey Garrett. 2008. The Global Diffusion of Markets and Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
95. Sippel, Maike, and Till Jenssen. 2009. What about Local Climate Governance? A Review of Promise and Problems. MPRA Paper. University of Stuttgart. Available at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20987/, accessed September 9, 2013.
96. SMILE. 2009. Project description. Brussels: European Commission. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction_search.dspPage&n_proj_id_1869&docType_pdf, accessed September 9, 2013.
97. Stern, Nicholas. 2007. The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. New York: Cambridge University Press.
98. Tews, Kerstin. 2004. Diffusion als Motor globalen Politikwandels: Potentiale und Grenzen. ffu report 01-2004. Berlin: Freie Universität. Available at http://www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/polwiss/forschung/systeme/ffu/publikationen/2004/tews_kerstin_2004/rep-2004-01.pdf, accessed September 9, 2013.
99. True, Jackie, and Michael Mintrom. 2001. Transnational Networks and Policy Diffusion: The Case of Gender Mainstreaming. International Studies Quarterly 45 (1): 27-57.
100. Vienna. 1999. Klip I (1999 bis 2009). Vienna: Magistrat der Stadt Wien. Available at http://www.wien.gv.at/umwelt/klimaschutz/programm/klip1/index.html, accessed September 9, 2013.
101. Zahran, Sammy, Samuel Brody, Arnold Vedlitz, Himanshu Grover, and Caitlyn Miller. 2008. Vulnerability and Capacity: Explaining Local Commitment to Climate Change Policy. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 26 (3): 544-562.