The challenge of cardiovascular prevention in primary care: Implications of a European observational study in 8928 patients at different risk levels

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 203-213

  Ludt, Sabine ^a   Wensing, Michel ^a,b   Campbell, Stephen M ^a,c   Ose, Dominik ^a   Van Lieshout, Jan ^b   Rochon, Justine ^d   Uhlmann, Lorenz ^d   Szecsenyi, Joachim ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^b Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular prevention; lifestyle advice; primary health care; quality of care; risk assessment

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EUROPE; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; QUESTIONNAIRE;

CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION; LIFESTYLE ADVICE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; QUALITY OF CARE; RISK ASSESSMENT;

AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; EUROPE; FEMALE; GUIDELINE ADHERENCE; HEALTH CARE SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; QUALITY INDICATORS, HEALTH CARE; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84893509829     PISSN: 20474873     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2047487312462798     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Leal J, Luengo-Fernandez R, Gray A, et al. Economic burden of cardiovascular diseases in the enlarged European Union. Eur Heart J. 2006 ; 27: 1610-1619
2. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2010 update. Circulation. 2010 ; 121: e46 - e215
3. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004 ; 364: 937-952
4. Ezzati M, Vander Hoorn S, Rodgers A, et al. Estimates of global and regional potential health gains from reducing multiple major risk factors. Lancet. 2003 ; 362: 271-280
5. Steptoe A, Shamaei-Tousi A, Gylfe A, et al. Socioeconomic status, pathogen burden and cardiovascular disease risk. Heart. 2007 ; 93: 1567-1570
6. Anand SS, Yusuf S. Stemming the global tsunami of cardiovascular disease. Lancet. 2011 ; 377: 529-532
7. Kones R. Is prevention a fantasy, or the future of medicine? A panoramic view of recent data, status, and direction in cardiovascular prevention. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2011 ; 5: 61-81
8. World Health Organization. World health report 2008: primary health care - now more than ever. Geneva: WHO. Available at: www.who.int/whr/2008/en/index. html (2008, consulted February 2012).
9. Bodenheimer T, Wagner EH, Grumbach K. Improving primary care for patients with chronic illness: the chronic care model, part 2. JAMA. 2002 ; 288: 1909-1914
10. Renders CM, Valk GD, Griffin S, et al. Interventions to improve the management of diabetes mellitus in primary care, outpatient and community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; (1): CD001481.
11. Lobo CM, Frijling BD, Hulscher MEJL, et al. Improving quality of organizing cardiovascular preventive care in general practice by outreach visitors: a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med. 2002 ; 35: 422-429
12. Szecsenyi J, Rosemann T, Joos S, et al. German diabetes disease management programs are appropriate for restructuring care according to the chronic care model: an evaluation with the patient assessment of chronic illness care instrument. Diabetes Care. 2008 ; 31: 1150-1154
13. Campbell SM, Reeves D, Kontopantelis E, et al. Effects of pay for performance on the quality of primary care in England. New Engl J Med. 2009 ; 361: 368-378
14. Hung DY, Rundall TG, Tallia AF, et al. Rethinking prevention in primary care: applying the chronic care model to address health risk behaviors. Milbank Q. 2007 ; 85: 69-91
15. Glasgow RE, Orleans CT, Wagner EH. Does the chronic care model serve also as a template for improving prevention?. Milbank Q. 2001 ; 79: 579-612, iv-v
16. Ferket BS, Colkesen EB, Visser JJ, et al. Systematic review of guidelines on cardiovascular risk assessment: which recommendations should clinicians follow for a cardiovascular health check?. Arch Intern Med. 2010 ; 170: 27-40
17. Task FM, Graham I, Atar D, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J. 2007 ; 28: 2375-2414
18. Cooper A, O'Flynn N. Risk assessment and lipid modification for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2008 ; 336: 1246-1248
19. Mosca L, Linfante AH, Benjamin EJ, et al. National study of physician awareness and adherence to cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines. Circulation. 2005 ; 111: 499-510
20. Banegas JR, Lopez-Garcia E, Dallongeville J, et al. Achievement of treatment goals for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice across Europe: the EURIKA study. Eur Heart J. 2011 ; 32: 2143-2152
21. Kotseva K, Wood D, De Backer G, et al. EUROASPIRE III: a survey on the lifestyle, risk factors and use of cardioprotective drug therapies in coronary patients from 22 European countries. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009 ; 16: 121-137
22. Kotseva K, Wood D, De Backer G, et al. Cardiovascular prevention guidelines in daily practice: a comparison of EUROASPIRE I, II, and III surveys in eight European countries. Lancet. 2009 ; 373: 929-940
23. Campbell SM, Ludt S, Van Lieshout J, et al. Quality indicators for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care in nine European countries. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008 ; 15: 509-515
24. Ludt S, Campbell S, Van Lieshout J, et al. Development and pilot of an internationally standardized measure of cardiovascular risk management in European primary care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011 ; 11: 70-70
25. Wensing M, Ludt S, Campbell S, et al. European practice assessment of cardiovascular risk management (EPA Cardio): protocol of an international observational study in primary care. ImplementSci. 2009 ; 4: 3-3
26. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Risk estimation and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Edinburgh: SIGN. Available at: http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign97.pdf (2007, consulted February 2012).
27. Cooper A, O'Flynn N. Risk assessment and lipid modification for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2008 ; 336: 1246-1248
28. Thomsen T. HeartScore: a new web-based approach to European cardiovascular disease risk management. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2005 ; 12: 424-426
29. Morisky DE, Green LW, Levine DM. Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence. Med Care. 1986 ; 24: 67-74
30. Dyer MT, Goldsmith KA, Sharples LS, et al. A review of health utilities using the EQ-5D in studies of cardiovascular disease. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010 ; 8: 13-13
31. Engels Y, Dautzenberg M, Campbell S, et al. Testing a European set of indicators for the evaluation of the management of primary care practices. Fam Pract. 2006 ; 23: 137-147
32. Rasbash J, Brown W, Healy M, et al. MLwiN version 2.24. Bristol: Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol, 2011.
33. Van Lieshout J, Wensing M, Campbell SM, et al. Primary care strength linked to prevention programs for cardiovascular disease. Am J Manag Care. 2009 ; 15: 255-262
34. Van Lieshout J, Goldfracht M, Campbell S, et al. Primary care characteristics and population-orientated health care across Europe: an observational study. Br J Gen Pract. 2011 ; 61: e22 - e30
35. Ludt S, Petek D, Laux G, et al. Recording of risk-factors and lifestyle counselling in patients at high risk for cardiovascular diseases in European primary care. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012 ; 19: 258- - 266
36. Ludt S, Wensing M, Szecsenyi J, et al. Predictors of health-related quality of life in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease in European primary care. PLoS ONE. 2011 ; 6: e29334 - e29334
37. Draper D. Inference and hierarchical modeling in the social sciences. J Educ Behav Stati. 1995 ; 20: 115-147
38. Farley TA, Dalal MA, Mostashari F, et al. Deaths preventable in the U.S. by improvements in use of clinical preventive services. Am J Prev Med. 2010 ; 38: 600-609
39. Kahn R, Robertson RM, Smith R, et al. The impact of prevention on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2008 ; 118: 576-585
40. Steinberg BA, Bhatt DL, Mehta S, et al. Nine-year trends in achievement of risk factor goals in the US and European outpatients with cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J. 2008 ; 156: 719-727
41. World Health Organization. The European health report 2009: health and health systems. Geneva: WHO. Available at: www.euro.who.int/-data/assets/pdf- file/0009/82386/E93103.pdf (2009, consulted August 2012).
42. Checkland K, Harrison S, McDonald R, et al. Biomedicine, holism and general medical practice: responses to the 2004 General Practitioner contract. Sociol Health Illn. 2008 ; 30: 788-803
43. Doran T, Kontopantelis E, Valderas JM, et al. Effect of financial incentives on incentivised and non-incentivised clinical activities: longitudinal analysis of data from the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework. BMJ 2011; 342.
44. Nutting PA, Dickinson WP, Dickinson LM, et al. Use of chronic care model elements is associated with higher-quality care for diabetes. Ann Fam Med. 2007 ; 5: 14-20
45. Gemmell I, Heller RF, Payne K, et al. Potential population impact of the UK government strategy for reducing the burden of coronary heart disease in England: comparing primary and secondary prevention strategies. Qual Saf Health Care. 2006 ; 15: 339-343
46. Grover SA, Paquet S, Levinton C, et al. Estimating the benefits of modifying risk factors of cardiovascular disease: a comparison of primary vs secondary prevention. Arch Intern Med. 1998 ; 158: 655-662
47. Grover S, Coupal L, Kouache M, et al. Estimating the benefits of patient and physician adherence to cardiovascular prevention guidelines: the MyHealthCheckup survey. Can J Cardiol. 2011 ; 27: 159-166
48. Robert C, Jonathan E, Astrid F, et al. Life expectancy in relation to cardiovascular risk factors: 38 year follow-up of 19,000 men in the Whitehall study. BMJ 2009; 339.
49. Munger MA, Van Tassell BW, LaFleur J. Medication nonadherence: an unrecognized cardiovascular risk factor. Med Gen Med. 2007 ; 9: 58-58
50. Skodova Z, Nagyova I, van Dijk J, et al. Socioeconomic differences in psychosocial factors contributing to coronary heart disease: a review. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2008 ; 15: 204-213
51. Friedberg MW, Coltin KL, Safran DG, et al. Associations between structural capabilities of primary care practices and performance on selected quality measures. Ann Intern Med. 2009 ; 151: 456-463
52. O'Connor P, Rush W, Solberg L, et al. Variation in quality of diabetes care at the levels of patient, physician, and clinic. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008 ; 5: A15 - A15
53. Tsai AC, Morton SC, Mangione CM, et al. A meta-analysis of interventions to improve care for chronic illnesses. Am J Manag Care. 2005 ; 11: 478-488
54. Ayres CG, Griffith HM. Perceived barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of priority clinical preventive services guidelines. Am J Manag Care. 2007 ; 13: 150-155
55. Solberg L, Kottke T, Conn S, et al. Delivering clinical preventive services is a systems problem. Ann Behav Med. 1997 ; 19: 271-278