Effects of pay for performance on the quality of primary care in England

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 361, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 368-378

  Campbell, Stephen M ^a   Reeves, David ^a   Kontopantelis, Evangelos ^a   Sibbald, Bonnie ^a   Roland, Martin ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASTHMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEART DISEASE; HUMAN; MEDICAL RECORD; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 67651180816     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa0807651     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Roland M. Linking physicians' pay to quality of care - a major experiment in the United Kingdom. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1448-54.
2. Quality and Outcomes Framework: guidance for GMS contract, 2009/10. London: NHS Employers, March 2009. (Accessed June 29, 2009, at http://www.nhsemployers.org/Aboutus/Publications/Documents/QOF-Guidance-2009- final.pdf.)
3. Campbell S, Reeves D, Kontopantelis E, Middleton E, Sibbald B, Roland M. Quality of primary care in England with the introduction of pay for performance. N Engl J Med 2007;357:181-90.
4. Campbell SM, Roland MO, Shekelle PG, Cantrill JA, Buetow SA, Cragg DK. The development of review criteria for assessing the quality of management of stable angina, adult asthma and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in general practice. Qual Health Care 1999;8:6-15.
5. Campbell SM, Hann M, Hacker J, Durie A, Thapar A, Roland MO. Quality assessment for three common conditions in primary care: validity and reliability of review criteria developed by expert panels for angina, asthma and type 2 diabetes. Qual Saf Health Care 2002;11:125-30.
6. Ramsay J, Campbell JL, Schroter S, Green J, Roland M. The General Practice Assessment Survey (GPAS): tests of data quality and measurement properties. Fam Pract 2000;17:372-9.
7. Mead N, Bower P, Roland M. The General Practice Assessment Questionnaire (GPAQ) - development and psychometric characteristics. BMC Fam Pract 2008;9:13. (Accessed June 29, 2009, at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2296/9/13.)
8. Mangin D, Toop L. The Quality and Outcomes Framework: what have you done to yourselves? Br J Gen Pract 2007;57:435-7.
9. Campbell SM, Hann M, Hacker J, et al. Identifying predictors of high quality care in English general practice: observational study. BMJ 2001;323:784-7.
10. Campbell SM, Roland MO, Middleton E, Reeves D. Improvements in the quality of clinical care in English general practice 1998-2003: longitudinal observational study. BMJ 2005;331:1121-5.
11. Wagner AK, Soumerai SB, Zhang F, Ross-Degnan D. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research. J Clin Pharm Ther 2002;27:299-309.
12. National Quality and Outcomes Framework statistics for England 2005/06. London: National Health Service Information Centre, 2006. (Accessed June 29, 2009, at http://www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/qof/ NationalQualityOutcomesFramework 280906-WORD.doc.)
13. National Quality and Outcomes Framework statistics for England 2007/08. London: National Health Service Information Centre, 2008. (Accessed June 29, 2009, at http://www.ic.nhs.uk/statistics-and-datacollections/supporting- information/audits-and-performance/the-quality-and-outcomesframework/qof-2007/ 08/bulletin.)
14. GP Earnings and Expenses Enquiry 2005/06: final report. London: National Health Service Information Centre, 2008. (Accessed June 29, 2009, at http://www.ic.nhs.uk/statistics-and-data-collections/primary-care/ general-practice/gp-earnings-and-expenses-enquiry-2005-2006:-finalreport.)
15. Goodall S, Montgomery A, Banks J, Salisbury C, Sampson F, Pickin M. Implementation of Advanced Access in general practice: postal survey of practices. Br J Gen Pract 2006;56:918-23.
16. Cheraghi-Sohi S, Hole AR, Mead N, et al. What patients want from primary care consultations: a discrete choice experiment to identify patients' priorities. Ann Fam Med 2008;6:107-15.
17. Rosenthal MB, Frank RG, Li Z, Epstein AM. Early experience with pay-for-performance: from concept to practice. JAMA 2005;294:1788-93.
18. Lindenauer PK, Remus D, Roman S, et al. Public reporting and pay for performance in hospital quality improvement. N Engl J Med 2007;356:486-96.
19. McDonald R, Roland M. Pay for performance in primary care in England and California: comparison of unintended consequences. Ann Fam Med 2009;7:121-7.
20. Doran T, Fullwood C, Kontopantelis E, Reeves D. Effect of financial incentives on inequalities in the delivery of primary clinical care in England: analysis of clinical activity indicators for the quality and outcomes framework. Lancet 2008;372:728-36.
21. QRESEARCH and The Information Centre. Time series analysis for selected clinical indicators from the Quality and Outcomes Framework 2001-2006. Nottingham, United Kingdom: QRESEARCH, 2007. (Accessed June 29, 2009, at http://www.qresearch.org/Public-Documents/ Time%20Series%20Analysis%20for%20selected%20clinical.pdf.)