Talking culture? Egalitarianism, color-blindness and racism in Australian elementary schools

Teaching and Teacher Education

Volumn 39, Issue , 2014, Pages 112-122

  Walton, Jessica ^a,e   Priest, Naomi ^a   Kowal, Emma ^b   White, Fiona ^c   Brickwood, Katie ^d   Fox, Brandi ^e   Paradies, Yin ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^e DEAKIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Color blindness; Egalitarianism; Ethnic racial socialization; Racism; Schools

Indexed keywords

EID: 84893367832     PISSN: 0742051X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2014.01.003     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Aboud F.E., Fenwick V. Exploring and evaluating school-based interventions to reduce prejudice. Journal of Social Issues 1999, 55:767-786.
2. Apfelbaum E.P., Norton M.I., Sommers S.R. Racial color-blindness: emergence, practice and implications. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2012, 21:205-209.
3. Apfelbaum E.P., Pauker K., Ambady N. Learning (not) to talk about race: when older children underperform in social categorization. Developmental Psychology 2008, 44:1513-1518.
4. Apfelbaum E.P., Pauker K., Sommers S.R., Ambady N. In blind pursuit of racial equality?. Psychological Science 2010, 21:1587-1592.
5. Apfelbaum E.P., Sommers S.R., Norton M.I. Seeing race and seeming racist? Evaluating strategic colorblindness in social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2008, 95:918-932.
6. Appiah K.A., Gutmann A. Color conscious: The political morality of race 1996, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
7. Arenson R. Egalitarianism. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy 2013, Retrieved from. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2013/entries/egalitarianism/, Summer Ed. E. Zalta (Ed.).
8. Aveling N. Anti-racism in schools: a question of leadership?. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 2007, 28(1):69-85.
9. Barr S.C., Neville H.A. Examination of the link between parental racial socialization message and racial ideology among Black college students. Journal of Black Psychology 2008, 34:131-155.
10. Bell J.M., Hartmann D. Diversity in everyday discourse: the cultural ambiguities and consequences of 'hippy talk'. American Sociological Review 2007, 72:895-914.
11. Bonilla-Silva E. Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States 2010, Plymouth Roman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, Oxford. 3rd ed.
12. Boutte G.S., Lopez-Robertson J., Powers-Costello E. Moving beyond colorblindness in early childhood classrooms. Early Childhood Education Journal 2011, 39(5):335-342.
13. Castagno A.E. 'I don't want to hear that!': legitimating whiteness through silence in schools. Anthropology & Education Quarterly 2008, 39:314-333.
14. Cho S. Post-racialism. Law Review 2009, 94:1589-1649.
15. Decuir J.T., Dixson A.D. 'So when it comes out, they aren't that surprised that it is there': using critical race theory as a tool of analysis of race and racism in education. Educational Researcher 2004, 33:26-31.
16. Deutsch M. Equity, equality, and need: what determines which value will be used as the basis of distributive justice?. Journal of Social Issues 1975, 31:137-149.
17. DiAngelo R., Sensoy O. "OK, I get it! Now tell me how to do it!": why we can't just tell you how to do critical multicultural education. Multicultural Perspectives 2010, 12(2):97-102.
18. Elford G. Equality of status and distributive equality. Journal of Value Inquiry 2012, 46:353-367.
19. Gillborn D. Racism and antiracism in real schools 1995, Open University Press, Buckingham.
20. Gupta A., Ferguson J. Beyond "culture": space, identity, and the politics of difference. Cultural Anthropology 1992, 7(1):6-23.
21. Hollingworth L. Complicated conversations: exploring race and ideology in an elementary classroom. Urban Education 2009, 44(1):30-58.
22. Hughes D., Rodriguez J., Smith E.P. Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices: a review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology 2006, 42(5):747-770.
23. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Bringing them home: report of the national inquiry into the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families 1997, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Canberra, ACT.
24. Kempf A. Colour-blind praxis in Havana: interrogating Cuban teacher discourses of race and racelessness. Race, Ethnicity and Education 2012, 16(2):246-267.
25. Killen M., Rutland A., Ruck M.D. Promoting equity, tolerance, and justice in childhood. Social Policy Report 2011, 25(4):1-25.
26. Knowles E.D., Lowery B.S., Hogan C.M., Chow R.M. On the malleability of ideology: motivated construals of color blindness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2009, 96(4):857-869.
27. Kondo D.K. Crafting selves: Power, gender, and discourses of identity in a Japanese workplace 1990, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
28. Lentin A. After anti-racism?. European Journal of Cultural Studies 2008, 11(3):311-331.
29. Leonardo Z. After the glow: race ambivalence and other educational prognoses. Educational Philosophy and Theory 2011, 43(6):675-698.
30. Lesane-Brown C.L. Areview of race socialization within Black families. Developmental Review 2006, 26:400-426.
31. Levy S.R., West T.L., Bigler R.S., Karafantis D.M., Ramirez L., Velilla E. Messages about the uniqueness and similarities of people: Impact on U.S. Black and Latino youth. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 2005, 26(6):714-733.
32. Mazzei L.A. Silence speaks: whiteness revealed in the absence of voice. Teaching and Teacher Education 2008, 24:1125-1136.
33. Moon S., Jung J., Bang Y.S., Kwon K.Y., In Y.S. "I don't see color; I only see children!": a study of teachers' color-blindness for Asian students/family. US-China Education Review 2009, 6(8):80-84.
34. Neblett E.W., White R.L., Ford K.R. Patterns of racial socialization and psychological adjustment: can parental communications about race reduce the impact of racial discrimination?. Journal of Research on Adolescence 2008, 18(3):477-515.
35. Ono K.A. Postracism: a theory of the "post-" as political strategy. Journal of Communication Inquiry 2010, 34:227-233.
36. Paluck E.L., Green D.P. Prejudice reduction: what works? A review and assessment of research and practice. Annual Review of Psychology 2009, 60:339-367.
37. Paradies Y. Anti-racism and Indigenous Australians. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 2005, 5:1-28.
38. Pedersen A., Walker I., Paradies Y., Guerin B. How to cook rice: a review of ingredients for teaching anti-prejudice. Australian Psychologist 2011, 46(1):55-63.
39. Plaut V.C. Diversity science: why and how difference makes a difference. Psychological Inquiry 2010, 21:77-99.
40. Plaut V.C., Thomas K.M., Goren M.J. Is multiculturalism or color blindness better for minorities?. Psychological Science 2009, 20(4):444-445.
41. Pollock M. Colormute: Race talk dilemmas in an American high school 2004, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford.
42. Ryan A.M., Gee G.C., Laflamme D.F. The association between self-reported discrimination, physical health and blood pressure: findings from African Americans, Black immigrants, and Latino immigrants in New Hampshire. Journal of Health Care for the Poor & Underserved 2006, 17:116-132.
43. Ryan C.S., Hunt J.S., Weilble J.A., Peterson C.R., Casas J.F. Multicultural and colorblind ideology, stereotypes, and ethnocentrism among Black and White Americans. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2007, 10(4):617-637.
44. Sasaki S.J., Vorauer J.D. Ignoring versus exploring differences between groups: effects of salient color-blindness and multiculturalism on intergroup attitudes and behavior. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2013, 7(4):246-259.
45. Sen A. Equality of what? Paper presented at Tanner lectures on human values 1979, May, Stanford University, Retrieved from. http://www.tc.umn.edu/%7Eston0235/3302/readings/sen.pdf.
46. Skerrett A. English teachers' racial literacy knowledge and practice. Race, Ethnicity & Education 2011, 14(3):313-330.
47. Sleeter C.E., Grant C.A. Making choices for multicultural education: Five approaches to race, class and gender 2009, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. 6th ed.
48. Smith E.P., Atkins J., Connell C.M. Family, school, and community factors and relationships to racial-ethnic attitudes and academic achievement. American Journal of Community Psychology 2003, 32:159-173.
49. Temkin L.S. Inequality 1993, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.
50. Theodorou E. 'Children at our school are integrated. No one sticks out': Greek-Cypriot teachers' perceptions of integration of immigrant children in Cyprus. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 2011, 24(4):501-520.
51. Thomas S., Kearney J. Teachers working in culturally diverse classrooms: implications for the development of professional standards and for teacher education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education 2008, 36(2):105-120.
52. Ullucci K., Battey D. Exposing color blindness/grounding color consciousness: challenges for teacher education. Urban Education 2011, 46(6):1195-1225.
53. Vorauer J.D., Gagnon A., Sasaki S.J. Salient intergroup ideology and intergroup interaction. Psychological Science 2009, 20(7):838-845.
54. Walton J., Paradies Y., Priest N., Waters E., Wertheim E., Freeman E., et al. Evaluation of the intercultural understanding field trial 2012, Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, Melbourne, VIC.
55. Walton J., Priest N., Paradies Y. 'It depends how you're saying it': the complexities of everyday racism. International Journal of Conflict and Violence 2013, 7(1):74-90.
56. Walton J., Priest N., Paradies Y. Identifying and developing effective approaches to foster intercultural understanding in schools. Intercultural Education 2013, 24(3):181-194.
57. White F.A., Abu-Rayya H.M. A dual identity-electronic contact (DIEC) experiment promoting short- and long-term intergroup harmony. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2012, 48(3):597-608.
58. Winkler E.N. "I learn being black from everywhere I go": color blindness, travel, and the formation of racial attitudes among African American adolescents. Sociological Studies of Children & Youth 2010, 13:423-453.
59. Zirkel S. The influence of multicultural educational practices on student outcomes and intergroup relations. Teachers College Record 2008, 110:1147-1181.