메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 477-515

Patterns of racial socialization and psychological adjustment: Can parental communications about race reduce the impact of racial discrimination?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 49549087704     PISSN: 10508392     EISSN: 15327795     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2008.00568.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (261)

References (83)
  • 2
    • 0004586587 scopus 로고
    • The black community as a source of positive self concept for black children: A theoretical perspective
    • In. R. Jones. (Ed.), pp.). New York: Harper and Row.
    • Barnes, E. J. (1980). The black community as a source of positive self concept for black children: A theoretical perspective. In R. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology (pp. 106 138). New York: Harper and Row.
    • (1980) Black Psychology , pp. 106-138
    • Barnes, E.J.1
  • 3
    • 0021914235 scopus 로고
    • Race-related socialization, motivation, and academic achievement: A study of Black youths in three-generation families
    • Bowman, P. J. Howard, C. (1985). Race-related socialization, motivation, and academic achievement: A study of Black youths in three-generation families. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 134 141.
    • (1985) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 134-141
    • Bowman, P.J.1    Howard, C.2
  • 4
    • 49549123061 scopus 로고
    • Black child socialization: A conceptual framework
    • In. H. P. McAdoo. (Ed.), pp.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • Boykin, A. W. Toms, F. D. (1985). Black child socialization: A conceptual framework. In H. P. McAdoo (Ed.), Family ethnicity: Strength in diversity (pp. 245 270). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • (1985) Family Ethnicity: Strength in Diversity , pp. 245-270
    • Boykin, A.W.1    Toms, F.D.2
  • 5
    • 84928442610 scopus 로고
    • Racial attitude development among young Black children as a function of parental attitudes: A longitudinal and cross-sectional study
    • Branch, C. W. Newcombe, N. (1986). Racial attitude development among young Black children as a function of parental attitudes: A longitudinal and cross-sectional study. Child Development, 57, 712 721.
    • (1986) Child Development , vol.57 , pp. 712-721
    • Branch, C.W.1    Newcombe, N.2
  • 6
    • 0032903125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of religiosity and racial socialization on subjective stigmatization in African-American adolescents
    • Brega, A. G. Coleman, L. M. (1999). Effects of religiosity and racial socialization on subjective stigmatization in African-American adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 223 242.
    • (1999) Journal of Adolescence , vol.22 , pp. 223-242
    • Brega, A.G.1    Coleman, L.M.2
  • 7
    • 0003121087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race-related factors and life satisfaction among African Americans
    • Broman, C. L. (1997). Race-related factors and life satisfaction among African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 23, 36 49.
    • (1997) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 36-49
    • Broman, C.L.1
  • 8
    • 0036729061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of racial socialization practices on the cognitive and behavioral competence of African American preschoolers
    • Caughy, M. O., O'Campo, P. J., Randolph, S. M. Nickerson, K. (2002). The influence of racial socialization practices on the cognitive and behavioral competence of African American preschoolers. Child Development, 73, 1611 1625.
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , pp. 1611-1625
    • Caughy, M.O.1    O'Campo, P.J.2    Randolph, S.M.3    Nickerson, K.4
  • 9
    • 3042600140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief report: Initial psychometric properties of the everyday discrimination scale in Black adolescents
    • Clark, R., Coleman, A. P. Novak, J. D. (2004). Brief report: Initial psychometric properties of the everyday discrimination scale in Black adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 363 368.
    • (2004) Journal of Adolescence , vol.27 , pp. 363-368
    • Clark, R.1    Coleman, A.P.2    Novak, J.D.3
  • 10
    • 33749031190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American families as a context for racial socialization
    • In. V. C. McLoyd, K. A. Dodge. N. E. Hill. (Eds.), pp.). New York: Guilford.
    • Coard, S. I. Sellers, R. M. (2005). African American families as a context for racial socialization. In V. C. McLoyd, K. A. Dodge N. E. Hill (Eds.), African American family life: Ecological and cultural diversity (pp. 264 284). New York: Guilford.
    • (2005) African American Family Life: Ecological and Cultural Diversity , pp. 264-284
    • Coard, S.I.1    Sellers, R.M.2
  • 11
    • 4043066567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards culturally relevant preventive interventions: The consideration of racial socialization in parent training with African American families
    • Coard, S. I., Wallace, S. A., Stevenson, H. C. Jr. Brotman, L. M. (2004). Towards culturally relevant preventive interventions: The consideration of racial socialization in parent training with African American families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 13, 277 293.
    • (2004) Journal of Child and Family Studies , vol.13 , pp. 277-293
    • Coard, S.I.1    Wallace, S.A.2    Stevenson Jr., H.C.3    Brotman, L.M.4
  • 13
    • 3042796874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black adolescents' racial socialization experiences: Their relations to home, school, and peer self-esteem
    • Constantine, M. G. Blackmon, S. M. (2002). Black adolescents' racial socialization experiences: Their relations to home, school, and peer self-esteem. Journal of Black Studies, 32, 322 335.
    • (2002) Journal of Black Studies , vol.32 , pp. 322-335
    • Constantine, M.G.1    Blackmon, S.M.2
  • 16
    • 84935508875 scopus 로고
    • Socialization and racial identity among Black Americans
    • Demo, D. Hughes, M. (1990). Socialization and racial identity among Black Americans. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 364 374.
    • (1990) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.53 , pp. 364-374
    • Demo, D.1    Hughes, M.2
  • 17
    • 0031518994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation of connection, regulation, and support for autonomy to adolescents' functioning
    • Eccles, J. S., Early, D., Frasier, K., Belansky, E. McCarthy, K. (1997). The relation of connection, regulation, and support for autonomy to adolescents' functioning. Journal Of Adolescent Research, 12, 263 286.
    • (1997) Journal of Adolescent Research , vol.12 , pp. 263-286
    • Eccles, J.S.1    Early, D.2    Frasier, K.3    Belansky, E.4    McCarthy, K.5
  • 19
    • 0032851859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem
    • Fischer, A. R. Shaw, C. M. (1999). African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 395 407.
    • (1999) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 395-407
    • Fischer, A.R.1    Shaw, C.M.2
  • 21
    • 0036273111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial socialization messages and the quality of mother/child interactions in African American families
    • Frabutt, J. M., Walker, A. M. MacKinnon-Lewis, C. (2002). Racial socialization messages and the quality of mother/child interactions in African American families. Journal of Early Adolescence, 22, 200 217.
    • (2002) Journal of Early Adolescence , vol.22 , pp. 200-217
    • Frabutt, J.M.1    Walker, A.M.2    MacKinnon-Lewis, C.3
  • 22
    • 84970382091 scopus 로고
    • Resiliency and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associated with poverty
    • Garmezy, N. (1991). Resiliency and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associated with poverty. American Behavioral Scientist, 34, 416 430.
    • (1991) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.34 , pp. 416-430
    • Garmezy, N.1
  • 23
    • 52649127183 scopus 로고
    • The crime of punishment: Racial and gender disparities in the use of corporal punishment in U.S. public schools
    • Gregory, J. F. (1995). The crime of punishment: Racial and gender disparities in the use of corporal punishment in U.S. public schools. Journal of Negro Education, 64, 454 463.
    • (1995) Journal of Negro Education , vol.64 , pp. 454-463
    • Gregory, J.F.1
  • 24
    • 49549105941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and initial validation of scales to measure racism-related stress. Poster presented at the 6th Biennial Conference on Community Research and Action, Society for Community Research and Action, South Carolina.
    • Harrell, S. (1997, May). Development and initial validation of scales to measure racism-related stress. Poster presented at the 6th Biennial Conference on Community Research and Action, Society for Community Research and Action, South Carolina.
    • (1997)
    • Harrell, S.1
  • 25
    • 0041468609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of African American and Latino parents' messages to children about ethnicity and race: A comparative study of racial socialization
    • Hughes, D. (2003). Correlates of African American and Latino parents' messages to children about ethnicity and race: A comparative study of racial socialization. American Journal of Community Psychology, 31, 15 33.
    • (2003) American Journal of Community Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 15-33
    • Hughes, D.1
  • 26
    • 85042845994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When and what parents tell children about race: An examination of race-related socialization among African American families
    • Hughes, D. Chen, L. (1997). When and what parents tell children about race: An examination of race-related socialization among African American families. Applied Developmental Science, 1, 200 214.
    • (1997) Applied Developmental Science , vol.1 , pp. 200-214
    • Hughes, D.1    Chen, L.2
  • 27
    • 0002496573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of parents' race-related communications to children: A developmental perspective
    • In. L. Balter. (Ed.), pp.). Philadelphia: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.
    • Hughes, D. Chen, L. (1999). The nature of parents' race-related communications to children: A developmental perspective. In L. Balter (Ed.), Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues (pp. 467 490). Philadelphia: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.
    • (1999) Child Psychology: A Handbook of Contemporary Issues , pp. 467-490
    • Hughes, D.1    Chen, L.2
  • 28
    • 0000035806 scopus 로고
    • Using focus groups to facilitate culturally anchored research
    • Hughes, D. DuMont, K. (1993). Using focus groups to facilitate culturally anchored research. American Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 775 806.
    • (1993) American Journal of Community Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 775-806
    • Hughes, D.1    Dumont, K.2
  • 29
  • 30
    • 0005539577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in African American resources and mental health
    • In. J. S. Jackson. (Ed.), pp.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
    • Jackson, J. S. Neighbors, H. W. (1996). Changes in African American resources and mental health. In J. S. Jackson (Ed.), Mental health in Black America (pp. 189 212). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
    • (1996) Mental Health in Black America , pp. 189-212
    • Jackson, J.S.1    Neighbors, H.W.2
  • 31
    • 0033195267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States
    • Kessler, R. C., Mickelson, K. D. Williams, D. R. (1999). The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40, 208 230.
    • (1999) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.40 , pp. 208-230
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Mickelson, K.D.2    Williams, D.R.3
  • 32
    • 21144462158 scopus 로고
    • The socialization of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic preferences among Mexican American children: The mediating role of ethnic identity
    • Knight, G. P., Cota, M. K. Bernal, M. E. (1993). The socialization of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic preferences among Mexican American children: The mediating role of ethnic identity. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 15, 291 300.
    • (1993) Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences , vol.15 , pp. 291-300
    • Knight, G.P.1    Cota, M.K.2    Bernal, M.E.3
  • 33
    • 34247680701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The schedule of racist incidents: A measure of racial discrimination and a study of its negative physical and mental health consequences
    • Landrine, H. Klonoff, E. A. (1996). The schedule of racist incidents: A measure of racial discrimination and a study of its negative physical and mental health consequences. Journal of Black Psychology, 22, 144 168.
    • (1996) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 144-168
    • Landrine, H.1    Klonoff, E.A.2
  • 36
    • 49549091032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The racial socialization questionnaire - teen (RSQ-t): A new measure for use with African American adolescents. Unpublished manuscript.
    • Lesane-Brown, C. L., Scottham, K. M., Nguyên, H. X. Sellers, R. M. (2006). The racial socialization questionnaire - teen (RSQ-t): A new measure for use with African American adolescents. Unpublished manuscript.
    • (2006)
    • Lesane-Brown, C.L.1    Scottham, K.M.2    Nguyên, H.X.3    Sellers, R.M.4
  • 39
    • 21844496570 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic socialization of African American children: Implications for parenting, identity development, and academic achievement
    • Marshall, S. (1995). Ethnic socialization of African American children: Implications for parenting, identity development, and academic achievement. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24, 377 396.
    • (1995) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.24 , pp. 377-396
    • Marshall, S.1
  • 41
    • 0033182786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial socialization and racial identity: Can they promote resiliency for African American adolescents
    • Miller, D. B. (1999). Racial socialization and racial identity: Can they promote resiliency for African American adolescents. Adolescence, 34, 493 501.
    • (1999) Adolescence , vol.34 , pp. 493-501
    • Miller, D.B.1
  • 42
    • 0004390911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting resilience in urban African American adolescents
    • Miller, D. B. MacIntosh, R. (1999). Promoting resilience in urban African American adolescents. Social Work Research, 23, 159 169.
    • (1999) Social Work Research , vol.23 , pp. 159-169
    • Miller, D.B.1    MacIntosh, R.2
  • 43
    • 0036218992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life stressors, social resources, and coping skills in youth: Applications to adolescents with chronic disorders
    • Moos, R. H. (2002). Life stressors, social resources, and coping skills in youth: Applications to adolescents with chronic disorders. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 22 29.
    • (2002) Journal of Adolescent Health , vol.30 , pp. 22-29
    • Moos, R.H.1
  • 44
    • 0035623684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial discrimination as a moderator of the links among stress, maternal psychological functioning, and family relationships
    • Murry, V. M., Brown, P. A., Brody, G. H., Cutrona, C. E. Simons, R. L. (2001). Racial discrimination as a moderator of the links among stress, maternal psychological functioning, and family relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 915 926.
    • (2001) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.63 , pp. 915-926
    • Murry, V.M.1    Brown, P.A.2    Brody, G.H.3    Cutrona, C.E.4    Simons, R.L.5
  • 45
    • 33646196842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American adolescents' discrimination experiences and academic achievement: Racial socialization as a cultural compensatory and protective factor
    • Neblett, E. W. Jr., Philip, C. L., Cogburn, C. D. Sellers, R. M. (2006). African American adolescents' discrimination experiences and academic achievement: Racial socialization as a cultural compensatory and protective factor. Journal of Black Psychology, 32, 199 218.
    • (2006) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 199-218
    • Neblett Jr., E.W.1    Philip, C.L.2    Cogburn, C.D.3    Sellers, R.M.4
  • 46
    • 0003093858 scopus 로고
    • Socialization of Chinese American children
    • In. H. P. McAdoo. (Ed.), pp.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • Ou, Y. McAdoo, H. P. (1993). Socialization of Chinese American children. In H. P. McAdoo (Ed.), Family ethnicity: Strength in diversity (pp. 245 270). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • (1993) Family Ethnicity: Strength in Diversity , pp. 245-270
    • Ou, Y.1    McAdoo, H.P.2
  • 47
    • 0039930131 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of demographic and background factors to racial identity attitudes
    • Parham, T. A. Williams, P. T. (1993). The relationship of demographic and background factors to racial identity attitudes. Journal of Black Psychology, 19, 7 24.
    • (1993) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 7-24
    • Parham, T.A.1    Williams, P.T.2
  • 48
    • 0002822427 scopus 로고
    • Racial socialization of young Black children
    • In. H. P. McAdoo. J. L. McAdoo. (Eds.), pp.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
    • Peters, M. F. (1985). Racial socialization of young Black children. In H. P. McAdoo J. L. McAdoo (Eds.), Black children: Social education, and parental environments (pp. 159 173). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
    • (1985) Black Children: Social Education, and Parental Environments , pp. 159-173
    • Peters, M.F.1
  • 49
    • 0021460022 scopus 로고
    • Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence
    • Peterson, C. Seligman, M. E. P. (1984). Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence. Psychological Review, 91, 347 374.
    • (1984) Psychological Review , vol.91 , pp. 347-374
    • Peterson, C.1    Seligman, M.E.P.2
  • 50
    • 84935504530 scopus 로고
    • Stages of ethnic identity development in minority group adolescents
    • Phinney, J. S. (1989). Stages of ethnic identity development in minority group adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 9, 34 49.
    • (1989) Journal of Early Adolescence , vol.9 , pp. 34-49
    • Phinney, J.S.1
  • 51
    • 0002291967 scopus 로고
    • Parental ethnic socialization and adolescent coping with problems related to ethnicity
    • Phinney, J. S. Chavira, V. (1995). Parental ethnic socialization and adolescent coping with problems related to ethnicity. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 5, 31 53.
    • (1995) Journal of Research on Adolescence , vol.5 , pp. 31-53
    • Phinney, J.S.1    Chavira, V.2
  • 52
    • 3042658288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of ecological risk and perceived discrimination on the psychological adjustment of African American and European American youth
    • Prelow, H. M., Danoff-Burg, S., Swenson, R. R. Pulgiano, D. (2004). The impact of ecological risk and perceived discrimination on the psychological adjustment of African American and European American youth. Journal of Community Psychology, 32, 375 389.
    • (2004) Journal of Community Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 375-389
    • Prelow, H.M.1    Danoff-Burg, S.2    Swenson, R.R.3    Pulgiano, D.4
  • 53
    • 84965520932 scopus 로고
    • The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population
    • Radloff, L. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385 401.
    • (1977) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.1 , pp. 385-401
    • Radloff, L.1
  • 55
    • 0001629153 scopus 로고
    • Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being
    • Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069 1081.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 1069-1081
    • Ryff, C.1
  • 56
    • 33748166122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming obstacles: Academic achievement as a response to racism and discrimination
    • Sanders, M. G. (1997). Overcoming obstacles: Academic achievement as a response to racism and discrimination. The Journal of Negro Education, 66, 83 93.
    • (1997) The Journal of Negro Education , vol.66 , pp. 83-93
    • Sanders, M.G.1
  • 57
    • 84965395321 scopus 로고
    • Socialization to race and its relationship to racial identification among African Americans
    • Sanders Thompson, V. L. (1994). Socialization to race and its relationship to racial identification among African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 20, 175 188.
    • (1994) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 175-188
    • Sanders Thompson, V.L.1
  • 58
    • 3142669440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation of racial identity and racial socialization to coping with discrimination among African American adolescents
    • Scott, L. D. Jr. (2003). The relation of racial identity and racial socialization to coping with discrimination among African American adolescents. Journal of Black Studies, 33, 520 538.
    • (2003) Journal of Black Studies , vol.33 , pp. 520-538
    • Scott Jr., L.D.1
  • 59
    • 49549087218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What we tell our sons and daughters: Parent-child race socialization among African American adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan.
    • Scottham, K. M. (2003). What we tell our sons and daughters: Parent-child race socialization among African American adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan.
    • (2003)
    • Scottham, K.M.1
  • 60
    • 0642334584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African American young adults
    • Sellers, R. M., Caldwell, C. H., Schmeelk-Cone, K. H. Zimmerman, M. A. (2003). Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African American young adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 302 317.
    • (2003) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.43 , pp. 302-317
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Caldwell, C.H.2    Schmeelk-Cone, K.H.3    Zimmerman, M.A.4
  • 61
    • 33646199009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial identity matters: The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African American adolescents
    • Sellers, R. M., Copeland-Linder, N. C., Martin, P. P. Lewis, R. L. (2006). Racial identity matters: The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 187 216.
    • (2006) Journal of Research on Adolescence , vol.16 , pp. 187-216
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Copeland-Linder, N.C.2    Martin, P.P.3    Lewis, R.L.4
  • 63
    • 0036491183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity, and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: A multilevel analysis
    • Simons, R. L., Murry, V., McLoyd, V., Lin, K., Cutrona, C. Conger, R. D. (2002). Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity, and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: A multilevel analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 371 393.
    • (2002) Development and Psychopathology , vol.14 , pp. 371-393
    • Simons, R.L.1    Murry, V.2    McLoyd, V.3    Lin, K.4    Cutrona, C.5    Conger, R.D.6
  • 64
    • 49549103914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial-ethnic socialization: Family, school, and community influences. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Adolescence, Boston, MA.
    • Smith, E. P. (1996, March). Racial-ethnic socialization: Family, school, and community influences. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Adolescence, Boston, MA.
    • (1996)
    • Smith, E.P.1
  • 65
    • 0001449397 scopus 로고
    • Children's cultural values and parental child rearing strategies
    • Spencer, M. B. (1983). Children's cultural values and parental child rearing strategies. Developmental Review, 3, 351 370.
    • (1983) Developmental Review , vol.3 , pp. 351-370
    • Spencer, M.B.1
  • 66
    • 0031218246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phenomeonological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST): A self-organization perspective in context
    • Spencer, M. B., Dupree, D. Hartmann, T. (1997). A phenomeonological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST): A self-organization perspective in context. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 817 833.
    • (1997) Development and Psychopathology , vol.9 , pp. 817-833
    • Spencer, M.B.1    Dupree, D.2    Hartmann, T.3
  • 67
    • 84965484139 scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Scale of Racial Socialization for African American adolescents: Steps toward multidimensionality
    • Stevenson, H. C. (1994). Validation of the Scale of Racial Socialization for African American adolescents: Steps toward multidimensionality. Journal of Black Psychology, 20, 445 468.
    • (1994) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 445-468
    • Stevenson, H.C.1
  • 68
    • 84965740492 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of adolescent perceptions of racial socialization to racial identity
    • Stevenson, H. C. (1995). Relationship of adolescent perceptions of racial socialization to racial identity. Journal of Black Psychology, 21, 49 70.
    • (1995) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 49-70
    • Stevenson, H.C.1
  • 69
    • 0031415490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing anger: Protective, proactive, or adaptive racial socialization identity profiles and African-American manhood development
    • Stevenson, H. C. (1997). Managing anger: Protective, proactive, or adaptive racial socialization identity profiles and African-American manhood development. Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community, 16, 35 61.
    • (1997) Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community , vol.16 , pp. 35-61
    • Stevenson, H.C.1
  • 70
    • 0141623682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the teenager experience of racial socialization scale: Correlates of race-related socialization frequency from the perspective of Black youth
    • Stevenson, H. C. Jr., Cameron, R., Herrero-Taylor, T. Davis, G. Y. (2002). Development of the teenager experience of racial socialization scale: Correlates of race-related socialization frequency from the perspective of Black youth. Journal of Black Psychology, 28, 84 106.
    • (2002) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 84-106
    • Stevenson Jr., H.C.1    Cameron, R.2    Herrero-Taylor, T.3    Davis, G.Y.4
  • 71
    • 0036389041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "mitigating instigation": Cultural phenomenological influences of anger and fighting among "big-Boned" and "baby-faced" African American youth
    • Stevenson, H. C., Herrero-Taylor, T., Cameron, R. Davis, G. Y. (2002). "Mitigating instigation": Cultural phenomenological influences of anger and fighting among "Big-Boned" and "Baby-faced" African American youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31, 473 485.
    • (2002) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.31 , pp. 473-485
    • Stevenson, H.C.1    Herrero-Taylor, T.2    Cameron, R.3    Davis, G.Y.4
  • 72
    • 0031286365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism stress management: Racial socialization beliefs and the experience of depression and anger in African American youth
    • Stevenson, H. C., Reed, J., Bodison, P. Bishop, A. (1997). Racism stress management: Racial socialization beliefs and the experience of depression and anger in African American youth. Youth and Society, 29, 172 222.
    • (1997) Youth and Society , vol.29 , pp. 172-222
    • Stevenson, H.C.1    Reed, J.2    Bodison, P.3    Bishop, A.4
  • 74
    • 84977224283 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between internalized racism and marital satisfaction
    • Taylor, J. (1990). Relationship between internalized racism and marital satisfaction. Journal of Black Psychology, 16, 45 53.
    • (1990) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 45-53
    • Taylor, J.1
  • 75
    • 0033786567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of racial socialization and racial identity on acculturative stress in African American college students
    • Thompson, C. P., Anderson, L. P. Bakeman, R. A. (2000). Effects of racial socialization and racial identity on acculturative stress in African American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 6, 196 210.
    • (2000) Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 196-210
    • Thompson, C.P.1    Anderson, L.P.2    Bakeman, R.A.3
  • 76
    • 0030013007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived experiences of racism as stressful life events
    • Thompson, V. L. S. (1996). Perceived experiences of racism as stressful life events. Community Mental Health Journal, 32, 223 233.
    • (1996) Community Mental Health Journal , vol.32 , pp. 223-233
    • Thompson, V.L.S.1
  • 77
    • 0025409577 scopus 로고
    • Sociodemographic and environmental correlates of racial socialization by Black parents
    • Thornton, M. C., Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J. Allen, W. R. (1990). Sociodemographic and environmental correlates of racial socialization by Black parents. Child Development, 61, 401 409.
    • (1990) Child Development , vol.61 , pp. 401-409
    • Thornton, M.C.1    Chatters, L.M.2    Taylor, R.J.3    Allen, W.R.4
  • 79
    • 1842517917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience and resistance
    • In. A. Garrod, J. V. Ward, T. L. Robinson. R. Kilkenny. (Eds.), pp.). Boston: Routledge Kegan Paul.
    • Ward, J. V. (1999). Resilience and resistance. In A. Garrod, J. V. Ward, T. L. Robinson R. Kilkenny (Eds.), Souls looking back: Life stories of growing up Black (pp. 173 185). Boston: Routledge Kegan Paul.
    • (1999) Souls Looking Back: Life Stories of Growing Up Black , pp. 173-185
    • Ward, J.V.1
  • 81
    • 0344719419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents' school and socioemotional adjustment
    • Wong, C. A., Eccles, J. S. Sameroff, J. S. (2003). The influence of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents' school and socioemotional adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71, 1197 1232.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality , vol.71 , pp. 1197-1232
    • Wong, C.A.1    Eccles, J.S.2    Sameroff, J.S.3
  • 82
    • 0002282640 scopus 로고
    • Resiliency research: Implications for schools and policy
    • Zimmerman, M. A. Arunkumar, R. (1994). Resiliency research: Implications for schools and policy. Social Policy Report, 8, 1 18.
    • (1994) Social Policy Report , vol.8 , pp. 1-18
    • Zimmerman, M.A.1    Arunkumar, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.