Predictors of suicide in adolescents and adults with mood and common comorbid disorders

Neuropsychiatry

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 81-93

  Barzilay, Shira ^a   Apter, Alan ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGGRESSION; AGITATION; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ANHEDONIA; ANXIETY DISORDER; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BORDERLINE STATE; BULLYING; COMORBIDITY; CONCENTRATION LOSS; DEMOGRAPHY; DEPRESSION; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR; EATING DISORDER; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FAMILY HISTORY; GUILT; HOPELESSNESS; HUMAN; IMPULSIVENESS; IRRITABILITY; MARRIAGE; MEDICAL HISTORY; MENTAL INSTABILITY; MOOD DISORDER; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PHYSICAL ABUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR DISORDER; PSYCHOSIS; RECURRENT DISEASE; REMISSION; RESTLESSNESS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL ABUSE; SLEEP DEPRIVATION; SMOKING; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDE; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; UNEMPLOYMENT; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 84893184178     PISSN: 17582008     EISSN: 17582016     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/npy.13.86     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Cavanagh JT, Carson AJ, Sharpe M, Lawrie SM. Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: A systematic review. Psychol. Med. 33(3), 395-405 (2003).
2. Gould MS, Fisher P, Parides M, Flory M, Shaffer D. Psychosocial risk factors of child and adolescent completed suicide. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 53(12), 1155-1162 (1996).
3. Beautrais AL, Joyce PR, Mulder RT, Fergusson DM, Deavoll BJ, Nightingale SK. Prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders in persons making serious suicide attempts: A case-control study. Am. J. Psychiatry 153(8), 1009-1014 (1996).
4. Bridge JA, Goldstein TR, Brent DA. Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 47(3-4), 372-394 (2006).
5. Nock MK, Green JG, Hwang I et al. Prevalence, correlates, and treatment of lifetime suicidal behavior among adolescents: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement. JAMA Psychiatry 70(3), 300-310 (2013).
6. Nock MK, Hwang I, Sampson NA, Kessler RC. Mental disorders, comorbidity and suicidal behavior: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Mol. Psychiatry 15(8), 868-876 (2010).
7. Chen YW, Dilsaver SC. Lifetime rates of suicide attempts among subjects with bipolar and unipolar disorders relative to subjects with other Axis I disorders. Biol. Psychiat. 39(10), 896-899 (1996).
8. Bostwick JM, Pankratz VS. Affective disorders and suicide risk: A reexamination. Am. J. Psychiat. 157(12), 1925-1932 (2000).
9. Oquendo MA, Currier D, Mann JJ. Prospective studies of suicidal behavior in major depressive and bipolar disorders: What is the evidence for predictive risk factors? Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 114(3), 151-158 (2006).
10. Gonda X, Fountoulakis KN, Kaprinis G, Rihmer Z. Prediction and prevention of suicide in patients with unipolar depression and anxiety. Ann. Gen. Psychiatry 6, 23 (2007).
11. Hawton K, Casañas I, Comabella C, Haw C, Saunders K. Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: A systematic review. J. Affect. Disord. 147(1-3), 17-28 (2013).
12. Mann JJ. A current perspective of suicide and attempted suicide. Ann. Intern. Med. 136(4), 302-311 (2002).
13. Crump C, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Winkleby MA. Sociodemographic, psychiatric and somatic risk factors for suicide: A swedish national cohort study. Psychol. Med. doi:10.1017/ S0033291713000810 (2013) (Epub ahead of print).
14. Qin P, Nordentoft M. Suicide risk in relation to psychiatric hospitalization: Evidence based on longitudinal registers. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62(4), 427-432 (2005).
15. Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ et al. Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. Br. J. Psychiatry 192(2), 98-105 (2008).
16. Phillips MR, Cheng HG. The changing global face of suicide. Lancet 379(9834), 2318-2319 (2012).
17. Gunnell D, Eddleston M, Phillips MR, Konradsen F. The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: Systematic review. BMC Public Health 7, 357 (2007).
18. De Lara CL, Dumais A, Rouleau G et al. STin2 variant and family history of suicide as significant predictors of suicide completion in major depression. Biol. Psychiat. 59(2), 114-120 (2006).
19. Gladstone GL, Mitchell PB, Parker G, Wilhelm K, Austin MP, Eyers K. Indicators of suicide over 10 years in a specialist mood disorders unit sample. J. Clin. Psychiatry 62(12), 945-951 (2001).
20. Sinclair JM, Harriss L, Baldwin DS, King EA. Suicide in depressive disorders: A retrospective case-control study of 127 suicides. J. Affect. Disord. 87(1), 107-113 (2005).
21. May AM, Klonsky ED, Klein DN. Predicting future suicide attempts among depressed suicide ideators: A 10-year longitudinal study. J. Psychiatr. Res. 46(7), 946-952 (2012).
22. Gould MS, Greenberg T, Velting DM, Shaffer D. Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: A review of the past 10 years. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 42(4), 386-405 (2003).
23. Evans E, Hawton K, Rodham K. Factors associated with suicidal phenomena in adolescents: A systematic review of population-based studies. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 24(8), 957-979 (2004).
24. Agerbo E, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB. Familial, psychiatric, and socioeconomic risk factors for suicide in young people: Nested case-control study. BMJ 325(7355), 74 (2002).
25. Brent DA, Emslie GJ, Clarke GN et al. Predictors of spontaneous and systematically assessed suicidal adverse events in the treatment of SSRI-resistant depression in adolescents (TORDIA) study. Am. J. Psychiatry 166(4), 418-426 (2009).
26. Hetrick SE, Parker AG, Robinson J, Hall N, Vance A. Predicting suicidal risk in a cohort of depressed children and adolescents. Crisis 33(1), 13-20 (2012).
27. Large M, Smith G, Sharma S, Nielssen O, Singh SP. Systematic review and meta-Analysis of the clinical factors associated with the suicide of psychiatric in-patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 124(1), 18-29 (2011).
28. Angst J, Angst F, Gerber-Werder R, Gamma A. Suicide in 406 mood-disorder patients with and without long-Term medication: A 40 to 44 years' follow-up. Arch. Suicide Res. 9(3), 279-300 (2005).
29. Bolton JM, Pagura J, Enns MW, Grant B, Sareen J. A population-based longitudinal study of risk factors for suicide attempts in major depressive disorder. J. Psychiatr. Res. 44(13), 817-826 (2010).
30. Hawton K, Sutton L, Haw C, Sinclair J, Harriss L. Suicide and attempted suicide in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of risk factors. J. Clin. Psychiatry 66(6), 693-704 (2005).
31. Brown GK, Beck AT, Steer RA, Grisham JR. Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: A 20-year prospective study. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 68(3), 371-377 (2000).
32. Coryell W, Young EA. Clinical predictors of suicide in primary major depressive disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 66(4), 412-417 (2005).
33. Conwell Y, Lyness JM, Duberstein P et al. Completed suicide among older patients in primary care practices: A controlled study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 48(1), 23-29 (2000).
34. Schneider B, Philipp M, Muller MJ. Psychopathological predictors of suicide in patients with major depression during a 5-year follow-up. Eur. Psychiatry 16(5), 283-288 (2001).
35. Oquendo MA, Galfalvy H, Russo S et al. Prospective study of clinical predictors of suicidal acts after a major depressive episode in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 161(8), 1433-1441 (2004).
36. Sokero TP, Melartin TK, Rytsala HJ, Leskela US, Lestela-Mielonen PS, Isometsa ET. Prospective study of risk factors for attempted suicide among patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry 186, 314-318 (2005).
37. Oquendo MA, Bongiovi-Garcia ME, Galfalvy H et al. Sex differences in clinical predictors of suicidal acts after major depression: A prospective study. Am. J. Psychiatry 164(1), 134-141 (2007).
38. Oquendo MA, Kamali M, Ellis SP et al. Adequacy of antidepressant treatment after discharge and the occurrence of suicidal acts in major depression: A prospective study. Am. J. Psychiatry 159(10), 1746-1751 (2002).
39. McGirr A, Renaud J, Seguin M et al. An examination of DSM-IV depressive symptoms and risk for suicide completion in major depressive disorder: A psychological autopsy study. J. Affect. Disord. 97(1-3), 203-209 (2007).
40. Williams JM, Crane C, Barnhofer T, Van Der Does AJ, Segal ZV. Recurrence of suicidal ideation across depressive episodes. J. Affect. Disord. 91(2-3), 189-194 (2006).
41. Marangell LB, Bauer MS, Dennehy EB et al. Prospective predictors of suicide and suicide attempts in 1,556 patients with bipolar disorders followed for up to 2 years. Bipolar Disord. 8(5 PT2), 566-575 (2006).
42. Emslie G, Kratochvil C, Vitiello B et al. Treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS): Safety results. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 45(12), 1440-1455 (2006).
43. Eikelenboom M, Smit JH, Beekman AT, Penninx BW. Do depression and anxiety converge or diverge in their association with suicidality? J. Psychiatr. Res. 46(5), 608-615 (2012).
44. Jonsson U, Bohman H, von Knorring L, Olsson G, Paaren A, von Knorring AL. Mental health outcome of long-Term and episodic adolescent depression: 15-year follow-up of a community sample. J. Affect. Disord. 130(3), 395-404 (2011).
45. Rhebergen D, Beekman AT, de Graaf R et al. The three-year naturalistic course of major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and double depression. J. Affect. Disord. 115(3), 450-459 (2009).
46. Haw C, Hawton K, Houston K, Townsend E. Correlates of relative lethality and suicidal intent among deliberate self-harm patients. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 33(4), 353-364 (2003).
47. Hantouche E, Angst J, Azorin JM. Explained factors of suicide attempts in major depression. J. Affect. Disord. 127(1-3), 305-308 (2010).
48. Witte TK, Timmons KA, Fink E, Smith AR, Joiner TE. Do major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder confer differential risk for suicide? J. Affect. Disord. 115(1-2), 69-78 (2009).
49. Esposito CL, Clum GA. Psychiatric symptoms and their relationship to suicidal ideation in a high-risk adolescent community sample. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 41(1), 44-51 (2002).
50. Foley DL, Goldston DB, Costello EJ, Angold A. Proximal psychiatric risk factors for suicidality in youth: The great smoky mountains study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 63(9), 1017-1024 (2006).
51. Fordwood SR, Asarnow JR, Huizar DP, Reise SP. Suicide attempts among depressed adolescents in primary care. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. 36(3), 392-404 (2007).
52. Goldstein TR, Ha W, Axelson DA et al. Predictors of prospectively examined suicide attempts among youth with bipolar disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 69(11), 1113-1122 (2012).
53. Balázs J, Benazzi F, Rihmer Z, Rihmer A, Akiskal KK, Akiskal HS. The close link between suicide attempts and mixed (bipolar) depression: Implications for suicide prevention. J. Affect. Disord. 91(2-3), 133-138 (2006).
54. Gonda X, Pompili M, Serafini G et al. Suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder: Epidemiology, characteristics and major risk factors. J. Affect. Disord. 143(1-3), 16-26 (2012).
55. Valtonen H, Suominen K, Mantere O, Leppamaki S, Arvilommi P, Isometsa ET. Suicidal ideation and attempts in bipolar I and II disorders. J. Clin. Psychiatry 66(11), 1456-1462 (2005).
56. Angst F, Stassen HH, Clayton PJ, Angst J. Mortality of patients with mood disorders: Follow-up over 34-38 years. J. Affect. Disord. 68(2-3), 167-181 (2002).
57. Akiskal HS, Benazzi F. Psychopathologic correlates of suicidal ideation in major depressive outpatients: Is it all due to unrecognized (bipolar) depressive mixed states? Psychopathology 38(5), 273-280 (2005).
58. Dilsaver SC, Benazzi F, Rihmer Z, Akiskal KK, Akiskal HS. Gender, suicidality and bipolar mixed states in adolescents. J. Affect. Disord. 87(1), 11-16 (2005).
59. Kochman FJ, Hantouche EG, Ferrari P, Lancrenon S, Bayart D, Akiskal HS. Cyclothymic temperament as a prospective predictor of bipolarity and suicidality in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. J. Affect. Disord. 85(1-2), 181-189 (2005).
60. Witte TK, Fitzpatrick KK, Joiner TE, Schmidt NB. Variability in suicidal ideation: A better predictor of suicide attempts than intensity or duration of ideation? J. Affect. Disord. 88(2), 131-136 (2005).
61. Hauser M, Galling B, Correll CU. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder: A systematic review of prevalence and incidence rates, correlates, and targeted interventions. Bipolar Disord. 15(5), 507-523 (2013).
62. Jolin EM, Weller EB, Weller RA. Suicide risk factors in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 9(2), 122-128 (2007).
63. Caetano SC, Olvera RL, Hunter K et al. Association of psychosis with suicidality in pediatric bipolar I, II and bipolar NOS patients. J. Affect. Disord. 91(1), 33-37 (2006).
64. Warman DM, Forman EM, Henriques GR, Brown GK, Beck AT. Suicidality and psychosis: Beyond depression and hopelessness. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 34(1), 77-86 (2004).
65. Kelleher I, Lynch F, Harley M et al. Psychotic symptoms in adolescence index risk for suicidal behavior: Findings from 2 population-based case-control clinical interview studies. JAMA Psychiatry 69(12), 1277-1283 (2012).
66. Schwartz-Stav O, Apter A, Zalsman G. Depression, suicidal behavior and insight in adolescents with schizophrenia. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 15(6), 352-359 (2006).
67. Hawgood J, De Leo D. Anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviour: An update. Curr. Opin. Psychiatr. 21(1), 51-64 (2008).
68. Laan W, Termorshuizen F, Smeets HM, Boks MP, de Wit NJ, Geerlings MI. A comorbid anxiety disorder does not result in an excess risk of death among patients with a depressive disorder. J. Affect. Disord. 135(1-3), 284-291 (2011).
69. Simon NM, Zalta AK, Otto MW et al. The association of comorbid anxiety disorders with suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in outpatients with bipolar disorder. J. Psychiatr. Res. 41(3-4), 255-264 (2007).
70. Goodwin RD, Roy-Byrne P. Panic and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: Results from the national comorbidity survey. Depress. Anxiety 23(3), 124-132 (2006).
71. Torres AR, Prince MJ, Bebbington PE et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Prevalence, comorbidity, impact, and help-seeking in the British National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of 2000. Am. J. Psychiatry 163(11), 1978-1985 (2006).
72. Dilsaver SC, Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Benazzi F. Dose-response relationship between number of comorbid anxiety disorders in adolescent bipolar/unipolar disorders, and psychosis, suicidality, substance abuse and familiality. J. Affect. Disord. 96(3), 249-258 (2006).
73. Boden JM, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviours in adolescence and young adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal study. Psychol. Med. 37(3), 431-440 (2007).
74. Maser JD, Akiskal HS, Schettler P et al. Can temperament identify affectively ill patients who engage in lethal or near-lethal suicidal behavior? A 14-year prospective study. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 32(1), 10-32 (2002).
75. Barzilay S, Feldman D, Snir A, Apter A. Self destructive and self harm behavior in adolescence-An integration of dynamic and empirical psychological models. Adolesc. Psychiatry 2(4), 289-295 (2012).
76. Baek JH, Eisner LR, Nierenberg AA. Smoking and suicidality in subjects with major depressive disorder: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC). J. Affect. Disord. 150(3), 1158-1166 (2013).
77. Li D, Yang X, Ge Z et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of completed suicide: A meta-Analysis of prospective cohort studies. J. Psychiatr. Res. 46(10), 1257-1266 (2012).
78. Consoli A, Peyre H, Speranza M et al. Suicidal behaviors in depressed adolescents: Role of perceived relationships in the family. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health 7(1), 8 (2013).
79. Effinger JM, Stewart DG. Classification of co-occurring depression and substance abuse symptoms predicts suicide attempts in adolescents. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 42(4), 353-358 (2012).
80. Fazel S, Cartwright J, Norman-Nott A, Hawton K. Suicide in prisoners: A systematic review of risk factors. J. Clin. Psychiatry 69(11), 1721-1731 (2008).
81. O'Brien KM, Vincent NK. Psychiatric comorbidity in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: Nature, prevalence, and causal relationships. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 23(1), 57-74 (2003).
82. Keel PK, Dorer DJ, Eddy KT, Franko D, Charatan DL, Herzog DB. Predictors of mortality in eating disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 60(2), 179-183 (2003).
83. Harris EC, Barraclough B. Excess mortality of mental disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry 173, 11-53 (1998).
84. Sullivan PF. Mortality in anorexia-nervosa. Am. J. Psychiatry 152(7), 1073-1074 (1995).
85. Franko DL, Keel PK. Suicidality in eating disorders: Occurrence, correlates, and clinical implications. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 26(6), 769-782 (2006).
86. Fennig S, Hadas A. Suicidal behavior and depression in adolescents with eating disorders. Nord. J. Psychiatry 64(1), 32-39 (2010).
87. Zaitsoff SL, Grilo CM. Eating disorder psychopathology as a marker of psychosocial distress and suicide risk in female and male adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Compr. Psychiatry 51(2), 142-150 (2010).
88. Krysinska K, Heller TS, De Leo D. Suicide and deliberate self-harm in personality disorders. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 19(1), 95-101 (2006).
89. Soloff PH, Chiappetta L. Prospective predictors of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder at 6-year follow-up. Am. J. Psychiatry 169(5), 484-490 (2012).
90. McGirr A, Paris J, Lesage A, Renaud J, Turecki G. Risk factors for suicide completion in borderline personality disorder: A case-control study of cluster B comorbidity and impulsive aggression. J. Clin. Psychiatry 68(5), 721-729 (2007).
91. Yen S, Shea MT, Sanislow CA et al. Borderline personality disorder criteria associated with prospectively observed suicidal behavior. Am. J. Psychiatry 161(7), 1296-1298 (2004).
92. Gvion Y, Apter A. Aggression, impulsivity, and suicide behavior: A review of the literature. Arch. Suicide Res. 15(2), 93-112 (2011).
93. Baca-García E, Diaz-Sastre C, Basurte E et al. A prospective study of the paradoxical relationship between impulsivity and lethality of suicide attempts. J. Clin. Psychiatry 62(7), 560-564 (2001).
94. Oquendo MA, Waternaux C, Brodsky B et al. Suicidal behavior in bipolar mood disorder: Clinical characteristics of attempters and nonattempters. J. Affect. Disord. 59(2), 107-117 (2000).
95. Klonsky ED, May A. Rethinking impulsivity in suicide. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 40(6), 612-619 (2010).
96. Mann JJ. The serotonergic system in mood disorders and suicidal behaviour. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 368(1615), 20120537 (2013).
97. Horesh N, Gothelf D, Ofek H, Weizman T, Apter A. Impulsivity as a correlate of suicidal behavior in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Crisis 20(1), 8-14 (1999).
98. Samuelsson M, Jokinen J, Nordstrom AL, Nordstrom P. CSF 5-HIAA, suicide intent and hopelessness in the prediction of early suicide in male high-risk suicide attempters. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 113(1), 44-47 (2006).
99. Greening L, Stoppelbein L. Religiosity, attributional style, and social support as psychosocial buffers for african american and white adolescents' perceived risk for suicide. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 32(4), 404-417 (2002).
100. De Wilde EJ, Kienhorst IC, Diekstra RF, Wolters WH. The specificity of psychological characteristics of adolescent suicide attempters. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 32(1), 51-59 (1993).
101. Brent DA, Kolko DJ, Allan MJ, Brown RV. Suicidality in affectively disordered adolescent inpatients. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 29(4), 586-593 (1990).
102. Slama F, Bellivier F, Henry C et al. Bipolar patients with suicidal behavior: Toward the identification of a clinical subgroup. J. Clin. Psychiatry 65(8), 1035-1039 (2004).
103. Geulayov G, Gunnell D, Holmen TL, Metcalfe C. The association of parental fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviour with offspring suicidal behaviour and depression: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Psychol. Med. 42(8), 1567-1580 (2012).
104. Roy A, Janal M. Family history of suicide, female sex, and childhood trauma: Separate or interacting risk factors for attempts at suicide? Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 112(5), 367-371 (2005).
105. Molnar BE, Berkman LF, Buka SL. Psychopathology, childhood sexual abuse and other childhood adversities: Relative links to subsequent suicidal behaviour in the US. Psychol. Med. 31(6), 965-977 (2001).
106. Brodsky BS, Oquendo M, Ellis SP, Haas GL, Malone KM, Mann JJ. The relationship of childhood abuse to impulsivity and suicidal behavior in adults with major depression. Am. J. Psychiatry 158(11), 1871-1877 (2001).
107. Mann JJ, Bortinger J, Oquendo MA, Currier D, Li S, Brent DA. Family history of suicidal behavior and mood disorders in probands with mood disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 162(9), 1672-1679 (2005).
108. Brent DA, Mann JJ. Familial pathways to suicidal behavior-understanding and preventing suicide among adolescents. N. Engl. J. Med. 355(26), 2719-2721 (2006).
109. Johnson JG, Cohen P, Gould MS, Kasen S, Brown J, Brook JS. Childhood adversities, interpersonal difficulties, and risk for suicide attempts during late adolescence and early adulthood. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 59(8), 741-749 (2002).
110. Bearman PS, Moody J. Suicide and friendships among american adolescents. Am. J. Public Health 94(1), 89-95 (2004).
111. Dale R, Power K, Kane S, Stewart AM, Murray L. The role of parental bonding and early maladaptive schemas in the risk of suicidal behavior repetition. Arch. Suicide Res. 14(4), 311-328 (2010).
112. Van Orden KA, Witte TK, Cukrowicz KC, Braithwaite SR, Selby EA, Joiner TE Jr. The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychol. Rev. 117(2), 575-600 (2010).
113. Joiner TE Jr. Why People Die by Suicide. Harvard University Press, MA, USA (2005).
114. Williams JM. Cry of Pain: Understanding Suicide and Self-Harm. Penguin Books, London, UK (1997).
115. Vrshek-Schallhorn S, Czarlinski J, Mineka S, Zinbarg RE, Craske M. Prospective predictors of suicidal ideation during depressive episodes among older adolescents and young adults. Pers. Individ. Dif. 50(8), 1202-1207 (2011).
116. Hawton K, James A. Suicide and deliberate self harm in young people. BMJ 330(7496), 891-894 (2005).
117. King CA, Merchant CR. Social and interpersonal factors relating to adolescent suicidality: A review of the literature. Arch. Suicide Res. 12(3), 181-196 (2008).
118. Klomek AB, Sourander A, Gould M. The association of suicide and bullying in childhood to young adulthood: A review of cross-sectional and longitudinal research findings. Can. J. Psychiatry 55(5), 282-288 (2010).
119. Klomek AB, Kleinman M, Altschuler E, Marrocco F, Amakawa L, Gould MS. High school bullying as a risk for later depression and suicidality. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 41(5), 501-516 (2011).
120. Eddleston M, Gunnell D, Karunaratne A, de Silva D, Sheriff MH, Buckley NA. Epidemiology of intentional self-poisoning in rural Sri Lanka. Br. J. Psychiatry 187, 583-584 (2005).
121. Hawton K. Restricting access to methods of suicide: Rationale and evaluation of this approach to suicide prevention. Crisis 28(Suppl. 1), 4-9 (2007