Fructose vs. glucose and metabolism: Do the metabolic differences matter?

Current Opinion in Lipidology

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 8-19

  Sievenpiper, John L ^a,b   De Souza, Russell J ^b   Cozma, Adrian I ^a,c   Chiavaroli, Laura ^a,c   Ha, Vanessa ^a,c   Mirrahimi, Arash ^a,d  

^a ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

cardiometabolic risk; sugars; systematic review and meta analysis; trials

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; URIC ACID;

BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; FRUCTOSE METABOLISM; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC);

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BODY WEIGHT; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; METABOLISM;

EID: 84892989443     PISSN: 09579672     EISSN: 14736535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000042     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Lustig RH, Schmidt LA, Brindis CD. Public health: The toxic truth about sugar. Nature 2012; 482:27-2
2. Bray GA. Energy and fructose from beverages sweetened with sugar or highfructose corn syrup pose a health risk for some people. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:220-225.
3. Lustig RH. Fructose: It's 'alcohol without the buzz'. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:226-235.
4. Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T, Sanchez-Lozada LG, et al. Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity. Diabetes 2013; 62:3307-331
5. Bantle JP. Dietary fructose and metabolic syndrome and diabetes. J Nutr 2009; 139:1263S-1268S.
6. Livesey G, Taylor R. Fructose consumption and consequences for glycation, plasma triacylglycerol, and body weight: Meta-analyses and meta-regression models of intervention studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:1419-1437.
7. Zhang YH, An T, Zhang RC, et al. Very high fructose intake increases serum LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol: A meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. J Nutr 2013; 143:1391-1398.
8. Chiavaroli L, Mirrahimi A, de Souza RJ, Sievenpiper JL. Meta-Analysis of Fructose and Cholesterol: A Concern regarding Missing Data. J Nutr, in press. This letter to the editor raises the issue of missing data and a dose subgroup miscategorization in the systematic review and meta-analysis of Zhang et al. [7].
9. Sievenpiper JL, Carleton AJ, Chatha S, et al. Heterogeneous effects of fructose on blood lipids in people with type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analyses of experimental trials in humans. Diabetes Care 2009; 32:1930-1937.
10. Cozma AI, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, et al. Effect of fructose on glycemic control in diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:1611-162
11. Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Mirrahimi A, et al. Effect of fructose feeding on body weight: Systematic review and meta-analyses of controlled feeding trials. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156:291-30
12. Wang DD, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, et al. The effects of fructose intake on serumuric acid varyamong controlled dietary trials. J Nutr 2012;142:916-92
13. Ha V, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, et al. Effect of fructose on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Hypertension 2012; 59:787-79
14. Wang DD, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, et al. Effect of fructose on postprandial triglycerides: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Atherosclerosis 2013; 232:125-13
15. Chiu S, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, et al. Effect of fructose on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Eur J Clin Nutr, in press
16. Sievenpiper JL. Toronto 3D (diet, digestive tract, and disease) knowledge synthesis and clinical trials unit. Fructose: Where does the truth lie? J Am Coll Nutr 2012; 31:149-15
17. Sievenpiper JL, Chiavaroli L, de Souza RJ, et al. 'Catalytic' doses of fructose may benefit glycaemic control without harming cardiometabolic risk factors: A small meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:418-423.
18. Cox CL, Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, et al. Consumption of fructose- but not glucose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks increases circulating concentrations of uric acid, retinol binding protein-4, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in overweight/obese humans. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:6
19. Johnston RD, Stephenson MC, Crossland H, et al. No difference between high-fructose and high-glucose diets on liver triacylglycerol or biochemistry in healthy overweight men. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:1016-102
20. Aeberli I, Hochuli M, Gerber PA, et al. Moderate amounts of fructose consumption impair insulin sensitivity in healthy young men: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:150-15
21. Heyland DK, Novak F, Drover JW, et al. Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. JAMA 2001; 286:944-953.
22. Kaufmann NA, Poznanski R, Blondheim SH, Stein Y. Effect of fructose, glucose, sucrose and starch on serum lipids in carbohydrate induced hypertriglyceridemia and in normal subjects. Isr J Med Sci 1966; 2:715-726.
23. Nestel PJ, Carroll KF, Havenstein N. Plasma triglyceride response to carbohydrates, fats and caloric intake. Metabolism 1970; 19:1-18.
24. Koh ET, Ard NF, Mendoza F. Effects of fructose feeding on blood parameters and blood pressure in impaired glucose-tolerant subjects. J Am Diet Assoc 1988; 88:932-938.
25. Rizkalla SW, Baigts F, Fumeron F, et al. Comparative effects of several simple carbohydrates on erythrocyte insulin receptors in obese subjects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1986; 25:681-688.
26. Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, et al. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest [Internet] 2009; 119:1322-1334.
27. Forster H, Heller G. Untesuchungen zur bedeutung der kohlenhydrate in einer vollsynthetischen fettefreien diat. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1973; 98:1156-1163.
28. Beck-Nielsen H, Pedersen O, Lindskov HO. Impaired cellular insulin binding and insulin sensitivity induced by high-fructose feeding in normal subjects. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet] 1980; 33:273-278.
29. Bantle JP, Raatz SK, Thomas W, Georgopoulos A. Effects of dietary fructose on plasma lipids in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72:1128-1134.
30. Ngo Sock ET, Le KA, Ith M, et al. Effects of a short-term overfeeding with fructose or glucose in healthy young males. Br J Nutr [Internet] 2010; 103:939-943.
31. Aeberli I, Gerber PA, Hochuli M, et al. Low to moderate sugar-sweetened beverage consumption impairs glucose and lipid metabolism and promotes inflammation in healthy young men: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet] 2011; 94:479-485.
32. Silbernagel G, Machann J, Unmuth S, et al. Effects of 4-week very-highfructose/ glucose diets on insulin sensitivity, visceral fat and intrahepatic lipids: An exploratory trial. Br J Nutr [Internet] 2011; 106:79-86.
33. Stanhope KL, Bremer AA, Medici V, et al. Consumption of fructose and high fructose corn syrup increase postprandial triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B in young men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1596-E1605.
34. Marriott BP, Cole N, Lee E. National estimates of dietary fructose intake increased from 1977 to 2004 in the United States. J Nutr 2009; 139:1228S-1235S.
35. Anderson TJ, Gré goire J, Hegele RA, et al. 2012 update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:151-167.
36. US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2008) Guidance for industry diabetes mellitus: Developing drugs and therapeutic biologics for treatment and prevention (DRAFT GUIDANCE). http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM071624.pdf. [Accessed 24 April 2009].
37. Harper W, Clement M, Goldenberg R, et al. Canadian Diabetes Association 2013 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada: Pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2013; 37 (Suppl 1):S61-S68.
38. Bantle JP, Laine DC, Thomas JW. Metabolic effects of dietary fructose and sucrose in types I and II diabetic subjects. JAMA 1986; 256:3241-3246.
39. Meyer BJ, de Bruin EJ, Du Plessis DG, et al. Somebiochemical effects of a mainly fruit diet in man. S Afr Med J 1971; 45:253-261.
40. Madero M, Arriaga JC, Jalal D, et al. The effect of two energy-restricted diets, a low-fructose diet versus a moderate natural fructose diet, on weight loss and metabolic syndrome parameters: A randomised controlled trial. Metabolism 2011; 60:1551-1559.
41. Jenkins DJ, Srichaikul K, Kendall CW, et al. The relation of low glycaemic index fruit consumption to glycaemic control and risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2011; 54:271-279.
42. Thomas DE, Elliott EJ. The use of low-glycaemic index diets in diabetes control. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:797-802.
43. Barclay AW, Petocz P, McMillan-Price J, et al. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:627-637.
44. Mirrahimi A, de Souza RJ, Chiavaroli L, et al. Associations of glycemic index, load and their dose with CHD events: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e000752.
45. Ludwig DS. Examining the health effects of fructose. JAMA 2013; 310:33-3
46. Willett WC, Ludwig DS. Science souring on sugar. BMJ 2013; 346:e8077.