Perioperative management of severe anorexia nervosa

British Journal of Anaesthesia

Volumn 112, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 246-254

  Hirose, K ^a,b   Hirose, M ^c   Tanaka, K ^a   Kawahito, S ^a   Tamaki, T ^a   Oshita, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKUSHIMA   (Japan)

^b National Hospital Organization Kochi National Hospital   (Japan)

^c NARUTO UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION   (Japan)

Author keywords

complications, hypoglycaemia; complications, infections; immunology; surgery

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; AMYLASE; BILIRUBIN; CATECHOLAMINE; CHOLESTEROL; COLECALCIFEROL; CREATININE; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; GLUCOSE; HYDROCORTISONE; PROPOFOL; PROTEIN; REMIFENTANIL; ROCURONIUM; SEVOFLURANE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; ANESTHESIA; ANESTHESIA INDUCTION; ANOREXIA NERVOSA; APPETITE; BODY MASS; BONE DENSITY; BONE FRAGILITY; CASE REPORT; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DIET THERAPY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EARLY INTERVENTION; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCE; END TIDAL CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; ENDOCRINOLOGIST; FEEDING; FEMALE; FRACTURE FIXATION; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HOSPITAL READMISSION; HUMAN; HYPERTRANSAMINASEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOKALEMIA; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; INTENSIVE CARE; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LEUKOPENIA; MALE; MALNUTRITION; MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; OPERATION DURATION; ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; OSTEOPOROSIS; OVERNUTRITION; PATIENT COUNSELING; PERICARDIAL EFFUSION; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSE OXIMETER; QT PROLONGATION; REVIEW; SINUS BRADYCARDIA; SURGICAL INFECTION; TIBIA FRACTURE; TREATMENT INDICATION; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; VAGUS TONE; WEIGHT GAIN; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

COMPLICATIONS, HYPOGLYCAEMIA; COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIONS; IMMUNOLOGY; SURGERY;

ADULT; ANESTHESIA; ANOREXIA NERVOSA; FEMALE; FRACTURES, BONE; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOTHERMIA; INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; MALE; MALNUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; PERIOPERATIVE CARE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE; SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION;

EID: 84892775834     PISSN: 00070912     EISSN: 14716771     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet415     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Bulik CM, Sullivan PF, Tozzi F, Furberg H, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL. Prevalence, heritability, and prospective risk factors for anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 305-12
2. Pavlova B, Uher R, Dragomirecka E, Papezova H. Trends in hospital admissions for eating disorders in a country undergoing a sociocultural transition, the Czech Republic 1981-2005. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010; 45: 541-50
3. Gaudiani JL, Sabel AL, Mascolo M, Mehler PS. Severe anorexia nervosa: outcomes from a medical stabilization unit. Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45: 85-92
4. Yager J, Andersen AE. Clinical practice. Anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1481-8
5. Devuyst O, Lambert M, Rodhain J, Lefebvre C, Coche E. Haematological changes and infectious complications in anorexia nervosa: a case-control study. Q J Med 1993; 86: 791-9
6. Abella E, Feliu E, Granada I, et al. Bone marrow changes in anorexia nervosa are correlated with the amount of weight loss and not with other clinical findings. Am J Clin Pathol 2002; 118: 582-8
7. Elias AN, Gwinup G. Glucose-resistant hypoglycemia in inanition. Arch Intern Med 1982; 142: 743-6
8. Zalin AM, Lant AF. Anorexia nervosa presenting as reversible hypoglycaemic coma. J R Soc Med 1984; 77: 193-5
9. Ratcliffe PJ, Bevan JS. Severe hypoglycaemia and sudden death in anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1985; 15: 679-81
10. Steinberg SE, Nasraway S, Peterson L. Reversal of severe serous atrophy of the bone marrow in anorexia nervosa. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1987; 11: 422-3
11. Copeland PM, Herzog DB. Hypoglycemia and death in anorexia nervosa. Psychother Psychosom 1987; 48: 146-50
12. Smith J. Hypoglycaemic coma associated with anorexia nervosa. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1988; 22: 448-53
13. Rich LM, Caine MR, Findling JW, Shaker JL. Hypoglycemic coma in anorexia nervosa. Case report and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150: 894-5
14. Fonseca V, Ball S, Marks V, Havard CW. Hypoglycaemia associated with anorexia nervosa. Postgrad Med J 1991; 67: 460-1
15. Yamada Y, Fushimi H, Inoue T, Nishinaka K, KameyamaM. Anorexia nervosa with recurrent hypoglycemic coma and cerebral hemorrhage. Intern Med 1996; 35: 560-3
16. Saito S, Kita K, Morioka CY,Watanabe A. Rapid recovery from anorexia nervosa after a life-threatening episode with severe thrombocytopenia: report of three cases. Int J Eat Disord 1999; 25: 113-8
17. Furuta S, Ozawa Y, Maejima K, et al. Anorexia nervosa with severe liver dysfunction and subsequent critical complications. Intern Med 1999; 38: 575-9
18. Yasuhara D, Deguchi D, Tsutsui J, Nagai N, Nozoe S, Naruo T. A characteristic reactive hypoglycemia induced by rapid change of eating behavior in anorexia nervosa: a case report. Int J Eat Disord 2003; 34: 273-7
19. Ohwada R, Hotta M, Kimura H, et al. Ampulla cardiomyopathy after hypoglycemia in three young female patients with anorexia nervosa. Intern Med 2005; 44: 228-33
20. Bando N,Watanabe K, Tomotake M, Taniguchi T, Ohmori T. Central pontinemyelinolysis associated withahypoglycemiccomain anorexia nervosa. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2005; 27: 372-4
21. Shimoni Z, Goldenberg A, Niven M. Fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis presenting as profound hypoglycemia in a patient with anorexia nervosa. Eur J Intern Med 2006; 17: 295-7
22. Yanai H, Yoshida H, Tomono Y, Tada N. Severe hypoglycemia in a patient with anorexia nervosa. EatWeight Disord 2008; 13: e1-3
23. Ono T, Kasaoka S, Fujita M, et al. Complete recovery from severe myocardial dysfunction in a patient with anorexia nervosa. J Cardiol 2009; 54: 480-4
24. Ramli M, Hassan AS, Rosnani S. Dissociative episode secondary to hypoglycemic state in anorexia nervosa: a case report. Int J Eat Disord 2009; 42: 290-2
25. Sakurai-Chin C, Ito N, Taguchi M, Miyakawa M, Takeshita A, Takeuchi Y. Hypoglycemic coma in a patient with anorexia nervosa coincident with acute exacerbation of liver injury induced by oral intake of nutrients. Intern Med 2010; 49: 1553-6
26. de Jager CM, Hoekstra M, Nijsten MW, Lansink AO, Ismael F. Metabolic and neurologic sequelae in a patient with long-standing anorexia nervosa who presented with septic shock and deep hypoglycemia. Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44: 756-9
27. Kobayashi M, Suzuki H, Kato Y, et al. Hematological studies in patients with anorexia nervosa (author's transl). Rinsho Ketsueki 1978; 19: 859-66
28. Taguchi H, Enzan H, Shibuya K, et al. Gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow in anorexia nervosa: report of two cases. Nippon Mounaikei Gakkai Kaishi 1990; 30: 193-9
29. Muraki Y, Kobayashi T, Kojima H, et al. Anorexia nervosa with neutropenia- response of neutrophils to G-CSF. Rinsho Ketsueki 1992; 33: 328-32
30. Severien C, Benden A, Menken U. Anorexia nervosa in boys-a case report. Fortschr Med 1992; 110: 559-61
31. Bailly D, Lambin I, Garzon G, Parquet PJ. Bone marrowhypoplasia in anorexia nervosa: a case report. Int J Eat Disord 1994; 16: 97-100
32. Mehler PS, Howe SE. Serous fat atrophy with leukopenia in severe anorexia nervosa. Am J Hematol 1995; 49: 171-2
33. Feugier P, Guerci A, Boman F, Stockemer V, Lederlin P. Gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow. Apropos of 3 cases. Rev Med Interne 1995; 16: 15-9
34. Orlandi E, Boselli P, Covezzi R, Bonaccorsi G, Guaraldi GP. Reversal of bone marrow hypoplasia in anorexia nervosa: case report. Int J Eat Disord 2000; 27: 480-2
35. Chim CS,Wat NM, Ma SK. The irreplaceable image: serous degeneration of the bone marrow. Haematologica 2001; 86: 558
36. Nishio S, YamadaH, YamadaK, et al. Severe neutropenia with gelatinous bone marrow transformation in anorexia nervosa: a case report. Int J Eat Disord 2003; 33: 360-3
37. Chen SH, Hung IJ, Jaing TH, Sun CF. Gelatinous degeneration of the bone marrow in anorexia nervosa. Chang Gung Med J 2004; 27: 845-9
38. Vande Zande VL, Mazza JJ, Yale SH. Hematologic and metabolic abnormalities in a patient with anorexia nervosa. WMJ 2004; 103: 38-40
39. Boullu-Ciocca S, Darmon P, Sebahoun G, Silaghi A, Dutour-Meyer A. Gelatinous bone marrow transformation in anorexia nervosa. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2005; 66: 7-11
40. Thiel A, Heits F, Amthor M. Severe leukopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia with gelatinous transformation in anorexia nervosa. Dtsch MedWochenschr 2007; 132: 2256-8
41. Charania RS, KernWF, Charkrabarty S, Holter J. Successful management of gelatinous transformation of the bone marrowin anorexia nervosa with hematopoietic growth factors. Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44: 469-72
42. Finfer S, Liu B, Chittock DR, et al. Hypoglycemia and risk of death in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 1108-18
43. Yasuda S, Masuda J, Takeda J, Nagano M. Anesthetic management of a patient with anorexia nervosa. Masui 1984; 33: 665-8
44. Yamada Y, Nishimura S, Inoue T, Tsujimura T, Fushimi H. Anorexia nervosa with ischemic necrosis of the segmental ileum and cecum. Intern Med 2001; 40: 304-7
45. Beholz S, Hotz H, Grosse J, KonertzW. Biventricular assist device in extremeanorexia nervosa. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2002; 1: 35-7
46. Nakazawa F, IshiharaH, Tanaka K. Acase of female premenopausal tophaceous gout requiring surgical management. Mod Rheumatol 2004; 14: 383-7
47. Ando Y, Nishida T, Morita S, Masuda M, Tomita Y, Tominaga R. Successful mitral valve repair for active infective endocarditis accompanied by anorexia nervosa. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 54: 335-7
48. Zimmermann-Viehoff F, Weber C, Kopp W, Mannel M, Deter HC. Acute endocarditis in a patient with severe anorexia nervosa and autoaggressive behavior. Psychosomatics 2007; 48: 446-7
49. Eraslan D, Ozturk O, Bor S. Eating disorder symptoms improved by antireflux surgery: a case report with a six-year follow up. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2009; 46: 231-5
50. Biffl WL, Narayanan V, Gaudiani JL, Mehler PS. The management of pneumothorax in patients with anorexia nervosa: acase report and review of the literature. Patient Saf Surg 2010; 4: 1
51. KolsrudO,LeporeV,SwardK,JohnssonA,NordborgC,JeppssonA. Acute aorticdissection inapatientwithextremelylowbodymass indexdueto anorexia nervosa. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2011; 52: 453-5
52. Rasmussen TB, Zwisler AD, Sibilitz KL, et al. A randomised clinical trial of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation versus usual care for patients treated for infective endocarditis-the CopenHeartIE trial protocol. BMJ Open 2012; 2
53. Fedeli U, Schievano E, Buonfrate D, Pellizzer G, Spolaore P. Increasing incidence and mortality of infective endocarditis: a populationbased study through a record-linkage system. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11: 48
54. Munoz MT, Argente J. Anorexia nervosa in female adolescents: endocrine and bone mineral density disturbances. Eur J Endocrinol 2002; 147: 275-86
55. Yasuhara D, Naruo T, Nagai N, TanakaM, Muranaga T, Nozoe S. Insulinogenic index at 15 min as a marker of nutritional rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 292-9
56. Allweis TM, Rimon B, Freund HR. Malnutrition-associated reactive hypoglycemia induced by TPN. Nutrition 1997; 13: 222-4
57. Theander S. Outcome and prognosis in anorexia nervosa and bulimia: some results of previous investigations, compared with those of a Swedish long-term study. J Psychiatr Res 1985; 19: 493-508
58. Fukudo S, Tanaka A, Muranaka M, et al. Case report: reversal of severe leukopenia by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in anorexia nervosa. Am J Med Sci 1993; 305: 314-7
59. GoldsteinMA,Herzog DB,Misra M, Sagar P. Case records of theMassachusetts General Hospital. Case 29-2008. A 19-year-old man with weight loss and abdominal pain. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1272-83
60. Cheng TO. Anorexia nervosa and the heart. Lancet 1988; 1: 1225
61. Cheng TO. Anorexia nervosa. Postgrad Med J 1996; 72: 383
62. Stanga Z, Brunner A, Leuenberger M, et al. Nutrition in clinical practice-the refeeding syndrome: illustrative cases and guidelines for prevention and treatment. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 62: 687-94
63. Arnold DE, Rose RJ, Stoddard P. Intraoperative cardiac dysrhythmias in a patient with bulimic anorexia nervosa. Anesthesiology 1987; 67: 1003-5
64. Crystal Z, Vofsi O, Barak M, Katz Y. Life-threatening dysrhythmia in an anaesthetized patient with anorexia nervosa. Anaesth Intensive Care 2004; 32: 142-3
65. GoldenNH,Lanzkowsky L,SchebendachJ, PalestroCJ, JacobsonMS, Shenker IR. The effect of estrogen-progestin treatment on bone mineral density in anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2002; 15: 135-43
66. Judge A, Spielman F. Postoperative conversion disorder in a pediatric patient. Paediatr Anaesth 2010; 20: 1052-4
67. Segal J, LamA, Dubrey SW, Vasileiadis E. Stroke mimic: an interesting case of repetitive conversion disorder. BMJ Case Rep 2012; 2012
68. McLoughlinDM,SpargoE,WassifWS,et al. Structuralandfunctional changes in skeletal muscle in anorexia nervosa. Acta Neuropathol 1998; 95: 632-40
69. Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1209-15
70. LeijhPC,vandenBarselaarMT,vanZwetTL,Dubbeldeman-Rempt I,van Furth R. Kinetics of phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by human granulocytes. Immunology 1979; 37: 453-65
71. Giesbrecht GG, Ducharme MB, McGuire JP. Comparison of forced-air patient warming systems for perioperative use. Anesthesiology 1994; 80: 671-9
72. Zhong J, Ge SJ, Zhuang XF, Cang J, Xue ZG. Effect of intraoperative amino acid infusion on blood glucose under general anesthesia combined with epidural block. Ann Nutr Metab 2012; 61: 1-6
73. Koval KJ, Maurer SG, Su ET, Aharonoff GB, ZuckermanJD. The effects of nutritional status on outcome after hip fracture. J Orthop Trauma 1999; 13: 164-9
74. Gonzalez-Madrono A, Mancha A, Rodriguez FJ, Culebras J, de Ulibarri JI. Confirming the validity of theCONUTsystemfor early detection and monitoring of clinical undernutrition: comparison with two logistic regression models developed using SGA as the gold standard. Nutr Hosp 2012; 27: 564-71
75. VelanovichV. The value of routine preoperative laboratory testing in predicting postoperative complications: a multivariate analysis. Surgery 1991; 109: 236-43
76. EngelmanDT,AdamsDH, Byrne JG, et al. Impact ofbodymassindex and albumin on morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 118: 866-73
77. Braga M, Ljungqvist O, Soeters P, Fearon K, Weimann A, Bozzetti F. ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: surgery. Clin Nutr 2009; 28: 378-86
78. SandstromR, Drott C, Hyltander A, et al. The effect of postoperative intravenous feeding (TPN) on outcome following major surgery evaluated in a randomized study. Ann Surg 1993; 217: 185-95
79. Marinella MA. Refeeding syndrome: an important aspect of supportive oncology. J Support Oncol 2009; 7: 11-6
80. Fan CG, Ren JA,Wang XB, Li JS. Refeeding syndromein patients with gastrointestinal fistula. Nutrition 2004; 20: 346-50
81. Kohn MR, Golden NH, Shenker IR. Cardiac arrest and delirium: presentations of the refeeding syndrome in severely malnourished adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Adolesc Health 1998; 22: 239-43
82. Khan LU, Ahmed J, Khan S, Macfie J. Refeeding syndrome: a literature review. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2011; 2011
83. Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J. Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it. BMJ 2008; 336: 1495-8
84. Nutrition support in adults. Clinical guideline CG31. 2006. Available from http://www. nice. org. uk/nicemedia/live/10978/29981/29981. pdf (last accessed 25 October 2013)
85. Terlevich A, Hearing SD, Woltersdorf WW, et al. Refeeding syndrome: effective and safe treatment with phosphates polyfusor. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 1325-9
86. Moore FA, Feliciano DV, Andrassy RJ, et al. Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. The results of a meta-analysis. Ann Surg 1992; 216: 172-83
87. LongCL,Schaffel N, GeigerJW, SchillerWR,BlakemoreWS. Metabolic response to injury and illness: estimation of energy and protein needs from indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1979; 3: 452-6
88. Aller MA, Arias JI, Alonso-Poza A, Arias J. A review of metabolic staging in severely injured patients. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2010; 18: 27
89. Kohl BA, Deutschman CS. The inflammatory response to surgery and trauma. Curr Opin Crit Care 2006; 12: 325-32
90. Kehlet H, Dahl JB. Anaesthesia, surgery, and challenges in postoperative recovery. Lancet 2003; 362: 1921-8