메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 173-191

Biomonitoring as a prerequisite for sustainable water resources: A review of current status, opportunities and challenges to scaling up in East Africa

Author keywords

Biomonitoring; East Africa; Fish; IBIs; Macroinvertebrates; Streams and rivers

Indexed keywords

BIOMONITORING; BIOTA; FISH; INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY; INTEGRATED APPROACH; MACROINVERTEBRATE; RIVER; STREAM; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; WATER RESOURCE;

EID: 84892585858     PISSN: 16423593     EISSN: 20803397     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2013.06.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (50)

References (135)
  • 1
    • 0037403849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological diversity of the Yala Swamp lakes, with special emphasis on fish species composition, in relation to changes in the Lake Victoria Basin (Kenya): Threats and conservation measures
    • Aloo, P. A., 2003. Biological diversity of the Yala Swamp lakes, with special emphasis on fish species composition, in relation to changes in the Lake Victoria Basin (Kenya): threats and conservation measures. Biodiversity and Conservation 12, 905-920.
    • (2003) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.12 , pp. 905-920
    • Aloo, P.A.1
  • 2
    • 0027870210 scopus 로고
    • Protocol to rank values of biotic resources in Virginia streams
    • Angermeier, P. L., Neves, R. J., Kauffman, J. W., 1993. Protocol to rank values of biotic resources in Virginia streams. Rivers 4, 20-29.
    • (1993) Rivers , vol.4 , pp. 20-29
    • Angermeier, P.L.1    Neves, R.J.2    Kauffman, J.W.3
  • 3
    • 77954397673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity for bioassessment of the Kipkaren and Sosiani Rivers, Nzoia River basin, Kenya
    • Aura, C. M., Raburu, P. O., Herman, J., 2010. A preliminary macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity for bioassessment of the Kipkaren and Sosiani Rivers, Nzoia River basin, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 15, 119-128.
    • (2010) Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management , vol.15 , pp. 119-128
    • Aura, C.M.1    Raburu, P.O.2    Herman, J.3
  • 4
    • 33744491435 scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the study of the food of six cyprinid fishes in three areas of the Lake Victoria basin, East Africa
    • Balirwa, J. S., 1979. A contribution to the study of the food of six cyprinid fishes in three areas of the Lake Victoria basin, East Africa. Hydrobiologia 66 (1) 65-72.
    • (1979) Hydrobiologia , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-72
    • Balirwa, J.S.1
  • 5
    • 36549052136 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the fisheries of the River Nzoia, Kenya
    • Balirwa, J. S., Bugenyi, F. W. B., 1980. Notes on the fisheries of the River Nzoia, Kenya. Biological Conservation 18, 53-58.
    • (1980) Biological Conservation , vol.18 , pp. 53-58
    • Balirwa, J.S.1    Bugenyi, F.W.B.2
  • 6
    • 0003858309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in wadeable streams and rivers
    • 2nd ed. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC EPA 841-B-99-002
    • Barbour, M. T., Gerritsen, J., Snyder, B. D., Stribling, J. B., 1999. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Wadeable Streams and Rivers. Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish, 2nd ed. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC EPA 841-B-99-002.
    • (1999) Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish
    • Barbour, M.T.1    Gerritsen, J.2    Snyder, B.D.3    Stribling, J.B.4
  • 8
    • 0034174231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the attainment of biological integrity in the USA: A critical element of ecological integrity
    • Barbour, M. T., Swietlik, W. F., Jackson, S. K., Courtemanch, D. L., Davies, S. P., Yoder, C. O., 2000. Measuring the attainment of biological integrity in the USA: a critical element of ecological integrity. Hydrobiologia 422/423, 453-464.
    • (2000) Hydrobiologia , vol.422 , Issue.423 , pp. 453-464
    • Barbour, M.T.1    Swietlik, W.F.2    Jackson, S.K.3    Courtemanch, D.L.4    Davies, S.P.5    Yoder, C.O.6
  • 9
    • 77549087999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buffering performance in a Papyrusdominated wetland system of the Kenyan portion of the Lake Victoria Basin
    • Vymaza, J. Ed., Springer, Netherlands
    • Bavor, H. J., Waters, M. T., 2008. Buffering performance in a Papyrusdominated wetland system of the Kenyan portion of the Lake Victoria Basin. In: Vymaza, J. (Ed.), Wastewater Treatment, Plant Dynamics and Management in Constructed and Natural Wetlands. Springer, Netherlands, pp. 33-38.
    • (2008) Wastewater Treatment, Plant Dynamics and Management in Constructed and Natural Wetlands , pp. 33-38
    • Bavor, H.J.1    Waters, M.T.2
  • 10
    • 0042265608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A performance comparison of metric scoring methods for a multimetric index for Mid-Atlantic Highlands streams
    • Blocksom, K. A., 2003. A performance comparison of metric scoring methods for a multimetric index for Mid-Atlantic Highlands streams. Environmental Management 31, 670-682.
    • (2003) Environmental Management , vol.31 , pp. 670-682
    • Blocksom, K.A.1
  • 11
    • 20444454243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of a fish assemblage index of biotic integrity for northwestern Great Plains streams
    • Bramblett, R. G., Johnson, T. R., Zale, A. V., Heggem, D. G., 2005. Development and evaluation of a fish assemblage index of biotic integrity for northwestern Great Plains streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134, 624-640.
    • (2005) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.134 , pp. 624-640
    • Bramblett, R.G.1    Johnson, T.R.2    Zale, A.V.3    Heggem, D.G.4
  • 13
    • 0027806622 scopus 로고
    • A method of linking multivariate community structure to environmental variables
    • Clarke, K. R., Ainsworth, M., 1993. A method of linking multivariate community structure to environmental variables. Marine Ecology Progress Series 92, 205-219.
    • (1993) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.92 , pp. 205-219
    • Clarke, K.R.1    Ainsworth, M.2
  • 16
    • 85011195648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring for effective management of wastewater discharges and the health of the river environment
    • Dickens, C. W. S., Graham, P. M., 1998. Biomonitoring for effective management of wastewater discharges and the health of the river environment. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 1, 199-217.
    • (1998) Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management , vol.1 , pp. 199-217
    • Dickens, C.W.S.1    Graham, P.M.2
  • 17
    • 78649902551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for sustaining freshwater biodiversity in the 21st century: Linking ecosystem structure and function
    • Dudgeon, D., 2010. Prospects for sustaining freshwater biodiversity in the 21st century: linking ecosystem structure and function. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2, 422-430.
    • (2010) Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability , vol.2 , pp. 422-430
    • Dudgeon, D.1
  • 18
    • 79960453021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of water crisis in Tanzania's protected areas, with emphasis on the Katuma River-Lake Rukwa ecosystem
    • Elisa, M., Gara, J. I., Wolanski, E., 2010. A review of water crisis in Tanzania's protected areas, with emphasis on the Katuma River-Lake Rukwa ecosystem. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 10 (2-4) 153-166.
    • (2010) Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology , vol.10 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 153-166
    • Elisa, M.1    Gara, J.I.2    Wolanski, E.3
  • 22
    • 34249875984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community structure or function: Effects of environmental stress on benthic macroinvertebrates at different spatial scales
    • Feld, C. K., Hering, D., 2007. Community structure or function: effects of environmental stress on benthic macroinvertebrates at different spatial scales. Freshwater Biology 52, 1380-1399.
    • (2007) Freshwater Biology , vol.52 , pp. 1380-1399
    • Feld, C.K.1    Hering, D.2
  • 23
    • 0036795829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using diatoms to assess the biological condition of large rivers in Idaho (U. S. A.)
    • Fore, L. S., Grafe, C., 2002. Using diatoms to assess the biological condition of large rivers in Idaho (U. S. A.). Freshwater Biology 47, 2015-2037.
    • (2002) Freshwater Biology , vol.47 , pp. 2015-2037
    • Fore, L.S.1    Grafe, C.2
  • 25
    • 0031655720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of an index of biological integrity (IBI) to fish assemblages of the rivers Khan and Kshipra (Madhya Pradesh), India
    • Ganasan, V., Hughes, R. M., 1998. Application of an index of biological integrity (IBI) to fish assemblages of the rivers Khan and Kshipra (Madhya Pradesh), India. Freshwater Biology 40, 367-383.
    • (1998) Freshwater Biology , vol.40 , pp. 367-383
    • Ganasan, V.1    Hughes, R.M.2
  • 26
    • 33744809286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sampling different habitat types in regional macroinvertebrate bioassessment surveys
    • Gerth, W. J., Herlihy, A. T., 2006. Effect of sampling different habitat types in regional macroinvertebrate bioassessment surveys. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 25, 501-512.
    • (2006) Journal of the North American Benthological Society , vol.25 , pp. 501-512
    • Gerth, W.J.1    Herlihy, A.T.2
  • 27
    • 0035882977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species inventory and the local uses of the plants and fishes of the Lower Sondu Miriu wetland of Lake Victoria, Kenya
    • Gichuki, J., Guebas, F. D., Mugo, J., Rabuor, C. O., Triest, L., Dehairs, F., 2001. Species inventory and the local uses of the plants and fishes of the Lower Sondu Miriu wetland of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Hydrobiologia 458, 99-106.
    • (2001) Hydrobiologia , vol.458 , pp. 99-106
    • Gichuki, J.1    Guebas, F.D.2    Mugo, J.3    Rabuor, C.O.4    Triest, L.5    Dehairs, F.6
  • 28
    • 85030408898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GoK Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
    • GoK (Government of Kenya), 2002. The Water Act. Government Printer, Nairobi, Kenya.
    • (2002) The Water Act. Government Printer
  • 29
    • 85030415253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental management and coordination (water quality) regulations, 2006
    • GoK Government of Kenya
    • GoK (Government of Kenya), 2006. Environmental management and coordination (water quality) regulations, 2006, Kenya Gazette supplement No 68. Government Printer, Nairobi, Kenya.
    • (2006) Kenya Gazette Supplement no 68. Government Printer, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 30
    • 79960408234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GoT Government of Tanzania, Government Printer, Dodoma, Tanzania
    • GoT (Government of Tanzania), 2009. The Water Resources Management Act. Government Printer, Dodoma, Tanzania.
    • (2009) The Water Resources Management Act
  • 31
    • 0036130073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of the African lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus) in LakeVictoria (East Africa)
    • Goudswaard, K. P. C., Witte, F., Chapman, L. J., 2002. Decline of the African lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus) in LakeVictoria (East Africa). African Journal of Ecology 40, 42-52.
    • (2002) African Journal of Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 42-52
    • Goudswaard, K.P.C.1    Witte, F.2    Chapman, L.J.3
  • 32
    • 33749589031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated water resources management
    • GWP (Global Water Partnership), 2000. Integrated Water Resources Management. GWP TAC Background Paper # 4., http://www.gwpforum.org/gwp/library/ TACNO4.Pdf.
    • (2000) GWP TAC Background Paper # 4.
  • 33
    • 33746103705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cook book for the development of a multimetric index for biological condition of aquatic ecosystems: Experiences from the European AQEM and STAR projects and related initiatives
    • Hering, D., Feld, C. K., Moog, O., Ofenböck, T., 2006. Cook book for the development of a multimetric index for biological condition of aquatic ecosystems: experiences from the European AQEM and STAR projects and related initiatives. Hydrobiologia 566, 311-324.
    • (2006) Hydrobiologia , vol.566 , pp. 311-324
    • Hering, D.1    Feld, C.K.2    Moog, O.3    Ofenböck, T.4
  • 34
  • 39
    • 0001836822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of IBI concepts and metrics to waters outside the United States and Canada
    • Simon, T. P. Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Hughes, R. M., Oberdorff, T., 1999. Applications of IBI concepts and metrics to waters outside the United States and Canada. In: Simon, T. P. (Ed.), Assessment Approaches for Estimating Biological Integrity Using Fish Assemblages. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 79-83.
    • (1999) Assessment Approaches for Estimating Biological Integrity Using Fish Assemblages , pp. 79-83
    • Hughes, R.M.1    Oberdorff, T.2
  • 41
    • 57649130756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquiring data for large aquatic resource surveys: The art of compromise among science, logistics, and reality
    • Hughes, R. M., Peck, D. V., 2011. Acquiring data for large aquatic resource surveys: the art of compromise among science, logistics, and reality. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27 (4) 837-859.
    • (2011) Journal of the North American Benthological Society , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 837-859
    • Hughes, R.M.1    Peck, D.V.2
  • 42
    • 0002187994 scopus 로고
    • An alternative for characterizing stream size
    • Fontaine, III, T. D., Bartel, S. M. Eds., Ann Arbor, Mich
    • Hughes, R. M., Omernick, J. M., 1983. An alternative for characterizing stream size. In: Fontaine, III, T. D., Bartel, S. M. (Eds.), Dynamics of lotic ecosystems. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Mich, pp. 87-101.
    • (1983) Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems. Ann Arbor Science Publishers , pp. 87-101
    • Hughes, R.M.1    Omernick, J.M.2
  • 43
    • 0030303111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying an index of biotic integrity on fish assemblages in a West African river
    • Hugueny, B., Camara, S., Samoura, B., Magassouba, M., 1996. Applying an index of biotic integrity on fish assemblages in a West African river. Hydrobiologia 331, 71-78.
    • (1996) Hydrobiologia , vol.331 , pp. 71-78
    • Hugueny, B.1    Camara, S.2    Samoura, B.3    Magassouba, M.4
  • 44
    • 47349119188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate anomalies and extreme events in Africa in 2003, including heavy rains and floods that occurred during northern hemisphere summer
    • Kadomura, H., 2005. Climate anomalies and extreme events in Africa in 2003, including heavy rains and floods that occurred during northern hemisphere summer. African Study Monographs 30, 165-181.
    • (2005) African Study Monographs , vol.30 , pp. 165-181
    • Kadomura, H.1
  • 45
    • 67349110847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Planktonic index of biotic integrity (P-IBI): An approach for assessing lake ecosystem health
    • Kane, D. D., Gordon, S. I., Munawar, M., Charlton, M. N., Culver, D. A., 2009. The Planktonic index of biotic integrity (P-IBI): an approach for assessing lake ecosystem health. Ecological Indicators 9, 1234-1247.
    • (2009) Ecological Indicators , vol.9 , pp. 1234-1247
    • Kane, D.D.1    Gordon, S.I.2    Munawar, M.3    Charlton, M.N.4    Culver, D.A.5
  • 46
    • 0034174315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustaining living rivers
    • Karr, J. R., Chu, E. W., 2000. Sustaining living rivers. Hydrobiologia 422/423, 1-14.
    • (2000) Hydrobiologia , vol.422 , Issue.423 , pp. 1-14
    • Karr, J.R.1    Chu, E.W.2
  • 47
    • 84950421451 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities
    • Karr, J. R., 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6, 21-27.
    • (1981) Fisheries , vol.6 , pp. 21-27
    • Karr, J.R.1
  • 48
    • 0025995557 scopus 로고
    • Biological integrity: A long-neglected aspect of water resource management
    • Karr, J. R., 1991. Biological integrity: a long-neglected aspect of water resource management. Ecological Applications 1, 66-84.
    • (1991) Ecological Applications , vol.1 , pp. 66-84
    • Karr, J.R.1
  • 51
    • 0019377764 scopus 로고
    • Ecological Perspectives on water quality goals
    • Karr, J. R., Dudley, D. R., 1981. Ecological Perspectives on water quality goals. Environmental Management 5, 55-68.
    • (1981) Environmental Management , vol.5 , pp. 55-68
    • Karr, J.R.1    Dudley, D.R.2
  • 52
    • 33646706104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Links between anthropogenic perturbations and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Afromontane forest streams in Uganda
    • Kasangaki, A., Babaasa, D., Efitre, J., McNeilage, A., Bitariho, R., 2006. Links between anthropogenic perturbations and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Afromontane forest streams in Uganda. Hydrobiologia 563, 231-245.
    • (2006) Hydrobiologia , vol.563 , pp. 231-245
    • Kasangaki, A.1    Babaasa, D.2    Efitre, J.3    McNeilage, A.4    Bitariho, R.5
  • 53
    • 40549132929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land use and the ecology of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages of high-altitude rainforest streams in Uganda
    • Kasangaki, A., Chapman, L. J., Balirwa, J., 2008. Land use and the ecology of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages of high-altitude rainforest streams in Uganda. Freshwater Biology 53, 681-697.
    • (2008) Freshwater Biology , vol.53 , pp. 681-697
    • Kasangaki, A.1    Chapman, L.J.2    Balirwa, J.3
  • 54
    • 0028164946 scopus 로고
    • A benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) for rivers of the Tennessee Valley
    • Kerans, B. L., Karr, J. R., 1994. A benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) for rivers of the Tennessee Valley. Ecological Applications 4 (4) 768-785.
    • (1994) Ecological Applications , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 768-785
    • Kerans, B.L.1    Karr, J.R.2
  • 55
    • 34447328986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroinvertebrate assemblages along a land-use gradient in the upper River Njoro watershed of Lake Nakuru drainage basin, Kenya
    • Kibichii, S., Shivoga, W. A., Muchiri, M., Miller, S. N., 2007. Macroinvertebrate assemblages along a land-use gradient in the upper River Njoro watershed of Lake Nakuru drainage basin, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 12, 107-117.
    • (2007) Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management , vol.12 , pp. 107-117
    • Kibichii, S.1    Shivoga, W.A.2    Muchiri, M.3    Miller, S.N.4
  • 57
    • 0032788688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of a fish index to assess the biological integrity of South Africa rivers
    • Kleynhans, C. J., 1999. The development of a fish index to assess the biological integrity of South Africa rivers. Water SA 25, 265-278.
    • (1999) Water SA , vol.25 , pp. 265-278
    • Kleynhans, C.J.1
  • 58
    • 84892598646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of pollution impacts on the ecological integrity of the Kisian and Kisat rivers in Lake Victoria drainage basin, Kenya
    • Kobingi, N., Raburu, P. O., Masese, F. O., Gichuki, J., 2009. Assessment of pollution impacts on the ecological integrity of the Kisian and Kisat rivers in Lake Victoria drainage basin, Kenya. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 3, 97-107.
    • (2009) African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology , vol.3 , pp. 97-107
    • Kobingi, N.1    Raburu, P.O.2    Masese, F.O.3    Gichuki, J.4
  • 59
    • 0011879673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for evaluating indicators based on guidelines from the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development
    • Kurtz, J. C., Jackson, L. E., Fisher, W. S., 2001. Strategies for evaluating indicators based on guidelines from the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development. Ecologial Indicators 1, 49-60.
    • (2001) Ecologial Indicators , vol.1 , pp. 49-60
    • Kurtz, J.C.1    Jackson, L.E.2    Fisher, W.S.3
  • 60
    • 33947646357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diatoms as indicators of isolated herbaceous wetland condition in Florida, USA
    • Lane, C. R., Brown, M. T., 2007. Diatoms as indicators of isolated herbaceous wetland condition in Florida, USA. Ecological Indicators 7, 521-540.
    • (2007) Ecological Indicators , vol.7 , pp. 521-540
    • Lane, C.R.1    Brown, M.T.2
  • 61
    • 79960471431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecohydrological status of Lake Tana - A shallow highland lake in the Blue Nile (Abbay) basin in Ethiopia: Review
    • Ligdi, E. E., Kahloun, M. E., Meire, P., 2010. Ecohydrological status of Lake Tana - a shallow highland lake in the Blue Nile (Abbay) basin in Ethiopia: review. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 10 (2-4) 109-122.
    • (2010) Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology , vol.10 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 109-122
    • Ligdi, E.E.1    Kahloun, M.E.2    Meire, P.3
  • 63
    • 84870887607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LVBC, WWF-ESARPO Lake Victoria Basin Commission, WWF-Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Programme Office, Nairobi and Kisumu, Kenya
    • LVBC, WWF-ESARPO (Lake Victoria Basin Commission, WWF-Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Programme Office), 2010. Assessing Reserve Flows for the Mara River. Nairobi and Kisumu, Kenya, pp. 48.
    • (2010) Assessing Reserve Flows for the Mara River , pp. 48
  • 64
    • 0028978881 scopus 로고
    • Index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages for the conservation of streams and rivers in West-central Mexico
    • Lyons, J., Navarro-Pe'rez, S., Cochran, P., Santana, E., Guzman-Arroyo, M., 1995. Index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages for the conservation of streams and rivers in West-central Mexico. Conservation Biology 9, 569-584.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 569-584
    • Lyons, J.1    Navarro-Pe'rez, S.2    Cochran, P.3    Santana, E.4    Guzman-Arroyo, M.5
  • 65
    • 84987395271 scopus 로고
    • In: Small scale fishery of the lower Sondu-Miriu River. Regional project for inland fisheries planning development and management in East/Central/ Southern Africa (IFIP)
    • Manyala, J. O., Ochumba, P. B. O., 1990. In: Small scale fishery of the lower Sondu-Miriu River. Regional project for inland fisheries planning development and management in East/Central/Southern Africa (IFIP). Proceedings on the symposium on Socioeconomic aspects of Lake Victoria fisheries. Volume 1, pp. 101-110.
    • (1990) Proceedings on the Symposium on Socioeconomic Aspects of Lake Victoria fisheries. , vol.1 , pp. 101-110
    • Manyala, J.O.1    Ochumba, P.B.O.2
  • 66
    • 84863921968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immatures of Chironomidae (Insecta - Diptera) under the action of pesticides in irrigated rice field
    • Marchiori, A., Baumart, J., Santos, S., 2012. Immatures of Chironomidae (Insecta - Diptera) under the action of pesticides in irrigated rice field. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 12, 43-52.
    • (2012) Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology , vol.12 , pp. 43-52
    • Marchiori, A.1    Baumart, J.2    Santos, S.3
  • 67
    • 84870861482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic resources and emergent food web attributes in rivers of the Lake Victoria Basin: A review with reference to anthropogenic influences
    • Masese, F. O., McClain, M. E., 2012. Trophic resources and emergent food web attributes in rivers of the Lake Victoria Basin: a review with reference to anthropogenic influences. Ecohydrology 5, 685-707.
    • (2012) Ecohydrology , vol.5 , pp. 685-707
    • Masese, F.O.1    McClain, M.E.2
  • 68
    • 67149105800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroinvertebrate assemblages as biological indicators of water quality in the Moiben River, Kenya
    • Masese, F. O., Muchiri, M., Raburu, P. O., 2009b. Macroinvertebrate assemblages as biological indicators of water quality in the Moiben River, Kenya. African Journal of Aquatic Science 34, 15-26.
    • (2009) African Journal of Aquatic Science , vol.34 , pp. 15-26
    • Masese, F.O.1    Muchiri, M.2    Raburu, P.O.3
  • 69
    • 67149090851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) for monitoring the Moiben River, Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya
    • Masese, F. O., Raburu, P. O., Muchiri, M., 2009a. A preliminary benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) for monitoring the Moiben River, Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. African Journal of Aquatic Science 34, 1-14.
    • (2009) African Journal of Aquatic Science , vol.34 , pp. 1-14
    • Masese, F.O.1    Raburu, P.O.2    Muchiri, M.3
  • 70
    • 43149114219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of landuse/cover changes on the hydrology of the transboundary Mara River, Kenya/Tanzania
    • Mati, B. M., Mutie, S., Gadain, H., Home, P., Mtalo, F., 2008. Impacts of landuse/cover changes on the hydrology of the transboundary Mara River, Kenya/Tanzania. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 13, 169-177.
    • (2008) Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management , vol.13 , pp. 169-177
    • Mati, B.M.1    Mutie, S.2    Gadain, H.3    Home, P.4    Mtalo, F.5
  • 71
    • 0242429594 scopus 로고
    • An accountof some important freshwater wetlands of Kenya
    • Njuguna, S. G., Howard, G. W. Eds., Crafter SA
    • Mavuti, K. M., 1989. An accountof some important freshwater wetlands of Kenya. In: Njuguna, S. G., Howard, G. W. (Eds.), IUCN Conference Proceedings on Wetlands of Kenya. Crafter SA, pp. 23-35.
    • (1989) IUCN Conference Proceedings on Wetlands of Kenya , pp. 23-35
    • Mavuti, K.M.1
  • 72
    • 84883752070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing water resources development and environmental sustainabilityin Africa: A review of recent researchfindings and applications
    • McClain, M. E., 2013. Balancing water resources development and environmental sustainabilityin Africa: a review of recent researchfindings and applications. Ambio 42, 549-565.
    • (2013) Ambio , vol.42 , pp. 549-565
    • McClain, M.E.1
  • 74
    • 0001790013 scopus 로고
    • Biological water quality assessment of rivers: Use of macro invertebrate communities
    • Calow, P., Petts, G. E. Eds., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
    • Metcalfe-Smith, J. L., 1994. Biological water quality assessment of rivers: use of macro invertebrate communities. In: Calow, P., Petts, G. E. (Eds.), The Rivers Handbook. Vol. 2. Hydrological and Ecological Principles. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 144-170.
    • (1994) The Rivers Handbook. Vol. 2. Hydrological and Ecological Principles , pp. 144-170
    • Metcalfe-Smith, J.L.1
  • 76
    • 84876206241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaledependent effects of rural activities on benthic macroinvertebrates and physico-chemical characteristics in headwater streams of the Mara River, Kenya
    • Minaya, V., McClain, M. E., Moog, O., Singer, G., Omengo, F., 2013. Scaledependent effects of rural activities on benthic macroinvertebrates and physico-chemical characteristics in headwater streams of the Mara River, Kenya. Ecological Indicators 32, 116-122.
    • (2013) Ecological Indicators , vol.32 , pp. 116-122
    • Minaya, V.1    McClain, M.E.2    Moog, O.3    Singer, G.4    Omengo, F.5
  • 77
    • 0034174242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the ecological integrity of rivers: Walking the line among ecological, political and administrative interests
    • Moog, O., Chovanec, A., 2000. Assessing the ecological integrity of rivers: walking the line among ecological, political and administrative interests. Hydrobiologia 422/423, 99-109.
    • (2000) Hydrobiologia , vol.422 , Issue.423 , pp. 99-109
    • Moog, O.1    Chovanec, A.2
  • 78
    • 78751580514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroinvertebrate-based multimetric predictive models for evaluating the human impact on biotic condition of Bolivian streams
    • Moya, N., Hughes, R. M., Domińguez, E., Gibon, M. F., Goitia, E., Oberdorff, T., 2011. Macroinvertebrate-based multimetric predictive models for evaluating the human impact on biotic condition of Bolivian streams. Ecological Indicators 11, 840-847.
    • (2011) Ecological Indicators , vol.11 , pp. 840-847
    • Moya, N.1    Hughes, R.M.2    Domińguez, E.3    Gibon, M.F.4    Goitia, E.5    Oberdorff, T.6
  • 80
    • 0038476094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in trace elements in bottom sediments of major rivers in Lake Victoria's basin, Kenya
    • Mwamburi, J., 2003. Variations in trace elements in bottom sediments of major rivers in Lake Victoria's basin, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 8 (2) 5-13.
    • (2003) Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 5-13
    • Mwamburi, J.1
  • 81
    • 9644267015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of water quality on macroinvertebrate assemblages along a tropical stream in Kenya
    • Ndaruga, A. M., George, G. N., Nathan, N. G., Wamicha, W. N., 2004. Impact of water quality on macroinvertebrate assemblages along a tropical stream in Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 42, 208-216.
    • (2004) African Journal of Ecology , vol.42 , pp. 208-216
    • Ndaruga, A.M.1    George, G.N.2    Nathan, N.G.3    Wamicha, W.N.4
  • 82
    • 38649109146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the current status of Lake Victoria fishery: Opportunities, challenges and management strategies
    • Njiru, M., Kazungu, J., Ngugi, C. C., Gichuki, J., Muhoozi, L., 2008. An overview of the current status of Lake Victoria fishery: opportunities, challenges and management strategies. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 13, 1-12.
    • (2008) Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management , vol.13 , pp. 1-12
    • Njiru, M.1    Kazungu, J.2    Ngugi, C.C.3    Gichuki, J.4    Muhoozi, L.5
  • 85
    • 0025626173 scopus 로고
    • Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: A hierarchical approach
    • Noss, R. F., 1990. Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchical approach. Conservation Biology 4, 355-364.
    • (1990) Conservation Biology , vol.4 , pp. 355-364
    • Noss, R.F.1
  • 88
    • 84876912469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community perceptions on the impact of the recession of Lake Victoria waters on Nyando Wetlands
    • Obiero, K. O., Raburu, P. O., Okeyo-Owuor, J. B., Raburu, E., 2012. Community perceptions on the impact of the recession of Lake Victoria waters on Nyando Wetlands. Scientific Research and Essays 7 (16) 1647-1661.
    • (2012) Scientific Research and Essays , vol.7 , Issue.16 , pp. 1647-1661
    • Obiero, K.O.1    Raburu, P.O.2    Okeyo-Owuor, J.B.3    Raburu, E.4
  • 89
    • 0027089321 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of fishes along the Sondu-Miriu River of Lake Victoria, Kenya with special reference to upstream migration, biology and yield
    • Ochumba, P. B. O., Manyala, J. O., 1992. Distribution of fishes along the Sondu-Miriu River of Lake Victoria, Kenya with special reference to upstream migration, biology and yield. Aquaculture and Fish Management 23, 701-719.
    • (1992) Aquaculture and Fish Management , vol.23 , pp. 701-719
    • Ochumba, P.B.O.1    Manyala, J.O.2
  • 90
    • 59449101289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drivers of ecosystem change and their impactson human well-beingin Lake Victoria basin
    • Odada, E. O., Ochola, W. O., Olago, D. O., 2009. Drivers of ecosystem change and their impactson human well-beingin Lake Victoria basin. African Journal of Ecology 47 (1) 46-54.
    • (2009) African Journal of Ecology , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-54
    • Odada, E.O.1    Ochola, W.O.2    Olago, D.O.3
  • 91
    • 84860410258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and structure of Chironomidae communities in relation towater quality differences inthe Swartkops River
    • Odume, O. N., Muller, W. J., 2011. Diversity and structure of Chironomidae communities in relation towater quality differences inthe Swartkops River. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 36, 929-938.
    • (2011) Physics and Chemistry of the Earth , vol.36 , pp. 929-938
    • Odume, O.N.1    Muller, W.J.2
  • 92
    • 0025262511 scopus 로고
    • The decline of the native fishes of Lake Victoria and Kyoga (East Africa) and the impact of introduced species, especially the Nile perch, Lates niloticus and the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
    • Ogutu-Ohwayo, R., 1990. The decline of the native fishes of Lake Victoria and Kyoga (East Africa) and the impact of introduced species, especially the Nile perch, Lates niloticus and the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 27, 81-96.
    • (1990) Environmental Biology of Fishes , vol.27 , pp. 81-96
    • Ogutu-Ohwayo, R.1
  • 93
    • 34247326042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of stenotopy and anthropogenic influence on carbon source for two major riverine fishes of the Lake Victoria watershed
    • Ojwang, W. O., Kaufman, L., Soule, E., Asila, A. A., 2007. Evidence of stenotopy and anthropogenic influence on carbon source for two major riverine fishes of the Lake Victoria watershed. Journal of Fish Biology 70, 1430-1446.
    • (2007) Journal of Fish Biology , vol.70 , pp. 1430-1446
    • Ojwang, W.O.1    Kaufman, L.2    Soule, E.3    Asila, A.A.4
  • 94
    • 0039654045 scopus 로고
    • The food and feeding habits of the small mormyrid fishes of Lake Victoria, East Africa
    • Okedi, J., 1971. The food and feeding habits of the small mormyrid fishes of Lake Victoria, East Africa. The African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries 1 (1) 1-12.
    • (1971) The African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-12
    • Okedi, J.1
  • 95
    • 67149108902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollution loads into Lake Victoria from the Kenyan catchment
    • Mallya, G. A., Katagira, F. F., Kang'oha, G., Mbwana, S. B., Katunzi, E. F., Wambede, J. T., Azza, N., Wakwabi, E., Njoka, S. W., Kusewa, M., Busulwa, H. Eds., Dar es Salaam
    • Okungu, J., Opango, P., 2005. Pollution loads into Lake Victoria from the Kenyan catchment. In: Mallya, G. A., Katagira, F. F., Kang'oha, G., Mbwana, S. B., Katunzi, E. F., Wambede, J. T., Azza, N., Wakwabi, E., Njoka, S. W., Kusewa, M., Busulwa, H. (Eds.), Knowledge and Experiences Gained from Managing the Lake Victoria Ecosystem. Regional Secretariat, Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP), Dar es Salaam, pp. 90-108.
    • (2005) Knowledge and Experiences Gained from Managing the Lake Victoria Ecosystem. Regional Secretariat, Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP) , pp. 90-108
    • Okungu, J.1    Opango, P.2
  • 99
    • 0142059816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of chloroacetalinide herbicides and their degradation products in the Nzoia Basin, Kenya
    • Osano, O., Nzyuko, D., Admiraal, W., 2003. The fate of chloroacetalinide herbicides and their degradation products in the Nzoia Basin, Kenya. Ambio 32, 424-427.
    • (2003) Ambio , vol.32 , pp. 424-427
    • Osano, O.1    Nzyuko, D.2    Admiraal, W.3
  • 100
    • 77950536095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the fish endoparasite Ligula intestinalis (L., 1758) in an intermediate cyprinidhost (Rastreneobola argentea) for biomonitoring heavy metal contamination in Lake Victoria, Kenya
    • Oyoo-Okoth, E., Admiraal, W., Osano, O., Kraak, M. H. S., Ngure, V., Makwali, J., Orina, P. S., 2010. Use of the fish endoparasite Ligula intestinalis (L., 1758) in an intermediate cyprinidhost (Rastreneobola argentea) for biomonitoring heavy metal contamination in Lake Victoria, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 15, 63-73.
    • (2010) Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management , vol.15 , pp. 63-73
    • Oyoo-Okoth, E.1    Admiraal, W.2    Osano, O.3    Kraak, M.H.S.4    Ngure, V.5    Makwali, J.6    Orina, P.S.7
  • 102
    • 70349298765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A predictive index of biotic integrity model for aquatic-vertebrate assemblages of western U. S. Streams
    • Pont, D., Hughes, R. M., Whittier, T. R., Schmutz, S., 2009. A predictive index of biotic integrity model for aquatic-vertebrate assemblages of western U. S. streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138, 292-305.
    • (2009) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.138 , pp. 292-305
    • Pont, D.1    Hughes, R.M.2    Whittier, T.R.3    Schmutz, S.4
  • 104
    • 36549079113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a fish-based index for the assessment of river health in Europe: The European fish index
    • Pont, D., Hugueny, B., Rogers, C., 2007. Development of a fish-based index for the assessment of river health in Europe: the European fish index. Fisheries Management and Ecology 14, 427-439.
    • (2007) Fisheries Management and Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 427-439
    • Pont, D.1    Hugueny, B.2    Rogers, C.3
  • 106
    • 72849139982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroinvertebratebased Index of Biotic Integrity (MIBI) for monitoring the Nyando River, Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya
    • Raburu, P. O., Masese, F. O., Okeyo-Owuor, J. B., 2009b. Macroinvertebratebased Index of Biotic Integrity (MIBI) for monitoring the Nyando River, Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Scientific Research and Essays 4, 1468-1477.
    • (2009) Scientific Research and Essays , vol.4 , pp. 1468-1477
    • Raburu, P.O.1    Masese, F.O.2    Okeyo-Owuor, J.B.3
  • 107
    • 84855398642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a fish-based index of biotic integrity (FIBI) for monitoring riverine ecosystems in the Lake Victoria drainage basin, Kenya
    • Raburu, P. O., Masese, F. O., 2012. Development of a fish-based index of biotic integrity (FIBI) for monitoring riverine ecosystems in the Lake Victoria drainage basin, Kenya. River Research and Applications 28, 23-38, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1428.
    • (2012) River Research and Applications , vol.28 , pp. 23-38
    • Raburu, P.O.1    Masese, F.O.2
  • 108
    • 70449364087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity (M-IBI) for monitoring rivers in the upper catchment of Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya
    • Raburu, P. O., Masese, F. O., Mulanda, C. A., 2009a. Macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity (M-IBI) for monitoring rivers in the upper catchment of Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 12, 197-205.
    • (2009) Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management , vol.12 , pp. 197-205
    • Raburu, P.O.1    Masese, F.O.2    Mulanda, C.A.3
  • 109
    • 0031413412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reference condition: A comparison of multimetric and multivariate approaches to assess water quality impairment using benthic macroinvertebrates
    • Reynoldson, T. B., Norris, R. H., Resh, V. H., Day, K. E., Rosenberg, D. M., 1997. The reference condition: a comparison of multimetric and multivariate approaches to assess water quality impairment using benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16 (4) 833-852.
    • (1997) Journal of the North American Benthological Society , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 833-852
    • Reynoldson, T.B.1    Norris, R.H.2    Resh, V.H.3    Day, K.E.4    Rosenberg, D.M.5
  • 110
    • 0030621333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catchment and reach scale properties as indicated of macroinvertebrate species traits
    • Richards, C., Havo, R. J., Johnson, L. B., Host, G. E., 1997. Catchment and reach scale properties as indicated of macroinvertebrate species traits. Freshwater Biology 37, 219-230.
    • (1997) Freshwater Biology , vol.37 , pp. 219-230
    • Richards, C.1    Havo, R.J.2    Johnson, L.B.3    Host, G.E.4
  • 111
    • 0001329528 scopus 로고
    • Trends and periodicities in East African rainfall data
    • Rodhe, H., Virji, H., 1976. Trends and periodicities in East African rainfall data. Monthly Weather Review 104, 307-315.
    • (1976) Monthly Weather Review , vol.104 , pp. 307-315
    • Rodhe, H.1    Virji, H.2
  • 112
    • 0000076088 scopus 로고
    • Introduction to freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates
    • Rosenberg, D. M., Resh, V. H. Eds., Chapman and Hall, New York
    • Rosenberg, D. M., Resh, V. H., 1993. Introduction to freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. In: Rosenberg, D. M., Resh, V. H. (Eds.), Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 1-9.
    • (1993) Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates , pp. 1-9
    • Rosenberg, D.M.1    Resh, V.H.2
  • 114
    • 35148888223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development, calibration, and validation of a littoral zone plant index of biotic integrity (PIBI) for lacustrine wetlands
    • Rothrock, P. E., Simon, T. P., Stewart, P. M., 2008. Development, calibration, and validation of a littoral zone plant index of biotic integrity (PIBI) for lacustrine wetlands. Ecological Indicators 8, 79-88.
    • (2008) Ecological Indicators , vol.8 , pp. 79-88
    • Rothrock, P.E.1    Simon, T.P.2    Stewart, P.M.3
  • 115
    • 0010457187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National aquatic ecosystem biomonitoring programme: Overview of the design process and guidelines for implementation
    • Institute for Water Quality Studies, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa
    • Roux, D. J., 1997. National Aquatic Ecosystem Biomonitoring Programme: Overview of the Design Process and Guidelines for Implementation. NAEBP Report Series No. 6. Institute for Water Quality Studies, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
    • (1997) NAEBP Report Series No. 6
    • Roux, D.J.1
  • 116
    • 84872692978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scientometric assessment of 30 years of the Index of Biotic Integrity in aquatic ecosystems: Applications and main flaws
    • Ruaro, R., Gubiani, É. A., 2013. A scientometric assessment of 30 years of the Index of Biotic Integrity in aquatic ecosystems: Applications and main flaws. Ecological Indicators 29, 105-110.
    • (2013) Ecological Indicators , vol.29 , pp. 105-110
    • Ruaro, R.1    Gubiani, É.A.2
  • 117
    • 0022554515 scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal pollution and log-normal distribution of individuals among species in benthic communities
    • Rygg, B. C., 1988. Heavy metal pollution and log-normal distribution of individuals among species in benthic communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin 17, 31-36.
    • (1988) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.17 , pp. 31-36
    • Rygg, B.C.1
  • 118
    • 0034949920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of water pollution sources in Lake Victoria, East Africa: Application and elaboration of the rapid assessment methodology
    • Scheren, P. A. G. M., Zanting, H. A., Lemmens, A. M. C., 2000. Estimation of water pollution sources in Lake Victoria, East Africa: application and elaboration of the rapid assessment methodology. Journal of Environmental Management 58, 235-248.
    • (2000) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.58 , pp. 235-248
    • Scheren, P.A.G.M.1    Zanting, H.A.2    Lemmens, A.M.C.3
  • 119
    • 0035882978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of hydrology on the structure of invertebrate communities in two streams flowing into Lake Nakuru, Kenya
    • Shivoga, W. A., 2001. The influence of hydrology on the structure of invertebrate communities in two streams flowing into Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Hydrobiologia 458, 121-130.
    • (2001) Hydrobiologia , vol.458 , pp. 121-130
    • Shivoga, W.A.1
  • 120
    • 0000053707 scopus 로고
    • Application of the index of biotic integrity to evaluate water resource integrity in freshwater ecosystems
    • Davis, W. S., Simon, T. P. Eds., Lewis Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Simon, T. P., Lyons, J., 1995. Application of the index of biotic integrity to evaluate water resource integrity in freshwater ecosystems. In: Davis, W. S., Simon, T. P. (Eds.), Biological Assessment and Criteria. Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making. Lewis Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 245-262.
    • (1995) Biological Assessment and Criteria. Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making , pp. 245-262
    • Simon, T.P.1    Lyons, J.2
  • 123
    • 33747149235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting expectations for the ecological condition of running waters: The concept of reference condition
    • Stoddard, J. L., Larsen, D. P., Hawkins, C. P., Johnson, R. K., Norris, R. H., 2006. Setting expectations for the ecological condition of running waters: the concept of reference condition. Ecological Applications 16, 1267-1276.
    • (2006) Ecological Applications , vol.16 , pp. 1267-1276
    • Stoddard, J.L.1    Larsen, D.P.2    Hawkins, C.P.3    Johnson, R.K.4    Norris, R.H.5
  • 125
    • 0032852759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First data on an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) based on fish assemblagesfortheassessmentofthe impactofdeforestationinatropicalWestAfricanriversystem
    • Toham, A. K., Teugels, G. G., 1999. First data on an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) based on fish assemblagesfortheassessmentofthe impactofdeforestationinatropicalWestAfricanriversystem. Hydrobiologia 397, 29-38.
    • (1999) Hydrobiologia , vol.397 , pp. 29-38
    • Toham, A.K.1    Teugels, G.G.2
  • 126
    • 84892563766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uganda Law Reform Commission, Laws of Uganda
    • Uganda Law Reform Commission, 2000. Uganda, Water Act Cap. 152, Laws of Uganda.
    • (2000) Uganda, Water Act Cap. 152
  • 127
    • 85030404908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convention on biological diversity. Habitat destruction in the world's waters
    • Montreal, Canada
    • UNEP (United Nations Environmental management Programme), 2003. Convention on Biological Diversity. Habitat Destruction in the World's Waters. Progress Report by the Global International Waters Assessment. UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/8/INF/16. Montreal, Canada.
    • (2003) Progress Report by the Global International Waters Assessment. UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/8/INF/16
  • 129
    • 84892585828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National rivers and streams assessment 2008-2009: A collaborative survey. EPA/841/D-13/001
    • USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
    • USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 2013. National Rivers and Streams Assessment 2008-2009: A Collaborative Survey. EPA/841/D-13/001. Office of Wetlands, Oceans & Watersheds and Office of Research & Development, Washington, DC.
    • (2013) Office of Wetlands, Oceans & Watersheds and Office of Research & Development
  • 130
    • 79954462685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlated metrics yield multimetric indices with inferior performance
    • Van Sickle, J., 2010. Correlated metrics yield multimetric indices with inferior performance. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 139, 1802-1817.
    • (2010) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.139 , pp. 1802-1817
    • Van Sickle, J.1
  • 132
    • 0000588543 scopus 로고
    • International introduction of inland aquatic species
    • Welcomme, R. L., 1988. International Introduction of Inland Aquatic Species. FAO Fish.
    • (1988) FAO Fish.
    • Welcomme, R.L.1
  • 135
    • 70350364621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of organic and heavy metal pollution on chironomid within a pristine upland catchment
    • Wright, I. A., Burgin, S., 2009. Effects of organic and heavy metal pollution on chironomid within a pristine upland catchment. Hydrobiologia 635, 15-26.
    • (2009) Hydrobiologia , vol.635 , pp. 15-26
    • Wright, I.A.1    Burgin, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.