The development of a fish index to assess the biological integrity of South African rivers

Water SA

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 265-278

  Kleynhans, C J ^a  

^a Institute for Water Quality Studies   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOSENSOR; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; RIVER; SOUTH AFRICA; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

HABITAT QUALITY; ICHTHYOFAUNA; INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WATER QUALITY;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 0032788688     PISSN: 03784738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. APPLETON CC (1974) A checklist of the flora and fauna of the Gladdespruit. Nelspruit district Eastern Transvaal. Newslet. Limnol. Soc. South. Afr. 22 49-58.
2. BELL-CROSS G and MINSHULL JL (1988) The Fishes of Zimbabwe. Trustees of the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
3. BRAMBLETT RG and FAUSCH KD (1991) Variable fish communities and the index of biotic integrity in a Western Great Plains river. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 120 752-769.
4. CHUTTER FM (1998) Research on the Rapid Biological Assessment of Water Quality Impacts in Streams and Rivers. Report to the WRC. Environmentek, CSIR. WRC Report No. 422/1/98.
5. CRASS RS (1964) Freshwater Fishes of Natal. Shuter & Shooter, Pietermaritzburg.
6. DEPARTMENT OF WATER AFFAIRS AND FORESTRY (DWAF) (1995) Crocodile River Catchment, Eastern Transvaal: Water Quality Assessment. Vol. 1-9. DWAF. Pretoria.
7. FAUSCH KD, LYONS J, KARR JR and ANGERMEIER, PL (1990) Fish communities as indicators of environmental degradation. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 8 123-144.
8. FORE LS, KARR JR and CONQUEST LL (1994) Statistical properties of an index of biological integrity used to evaluate water resources. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51 1077-1087.
9. FRISSEL CA, LISS WJ, WARREN CE and HURLEY MD (1986) A hierarchical framework for stream habitat classification: viewing streams in a watershed context. Environ. Manage. 10 199-214.
10. GAIGHER IG (1969) Aspekte met Betrekking tot die Ekologie, Geografie en Taksonomie van Varswatervisse in die Limpopo-en Incomatiriviersisteem. (In Afrikaans). Ph.D. Thesis. Rand Afrikaans Univ., Johannesburg.
11. HAY CJ, VAN ZYL BJ and STEYN GJ (1996) A quantitative assessment of the biotic integrity of the Okavango River, Namibia, based on fish. Water SA 22 263-284.
12. HEATH R and CLAASSEN M (1999) The Use of Indigenous Fish Species for the Determination of Pesticide and Heavy Metal Loads. Water Research Commission Report No 428/1/99, Pretoria.
13. HENDRICKS ML, HOCUTT CH and STAUFFER JR (1980) Monitoring of fish in lotic habitats. In: CH Hocutt and JR Stauffer (eds.) Biological Monitoring of Fish. Lexington Books, DC Heath & Co., Lexington, Massachusetts, Toronto. 205-231
14. HOCUTT CH (1981) Fish as indicators of biological integrity. Fisheries 6 28-30.
15. HOCUTT CH, JOHNSON PN, HAY C and VAN ZYL BJ (1993) Biological basis of water quality assessment: The Kavango River, Namibia. Unpublished paper delivered at the Int. Symp. on Biol. Diversity in Afr. Fresh and Brackish Water Fishes (PARADI), Dakar, Senegal.
16. HUGHES RM, KAUFMANN PR, HERLIHY AT, KINCAID TM, REYNOLDS L and LARSEN DP (1998) A process for developing and evaluating indices of fish assemblage integrity. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55 1618-1631.
17. HUGHES RM, and OBERDORFF T (1999) Application of IBI concepts and metrics to waters outside the United States and Canada. In: TP Simon (ed.) Assessing the Sustainability and Biological Integrity of Water Resources using Fish Communities. CRC Press LLC. 79-93.
18. JOHNSON DS (1967) Distributional patterns in Malayan freshwater fish. Ecology 48 722-730.
19. KARR JR (1981) Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6 21-27.
20. KARR JR (1996) Ecological integrity and ecological health are not the same. In: C Schulze (ed.) Engineering Within Ecological Constraints. National Academy Press, Washington D.C. 97-109.
21. KARR JR and DUDLEY DR (1981) Ecological perspective on water quality goals. Environ. Manage. 5 55-68.
22. KARR JR, FAUSCH FD, ANGERMEIER PL, YANT PR and SCHLOSSER IJ (1986) Assessing Biological Integrity in Running Waters: A Method and Its Rationale. Illinois Natural History Survey. Special Publication 5.
23. KARR JR and CHU EW (1997) Biological Monitoring and Assessment: Using Multimetric Indexes Effectively. EPA 235-R97-0001. Univ. of Washington, Seattle.
24. KLEYNHANS CJ (1984) Die Verspreiding en Status van Sekere Seldsame Vissoorte van die Transvaal en die Ekologie van Sommige Spesies (In Afrikaans). D.Sc. Thesis, Univ. of Pretoria, Pretoria.
25. KLEYNHANS CJ (1988) Aspects of the ecology of Kneria auriculata (Pellegrin, 1905) (Pisces: Kneriidae) from the eastern Transvaal, South Africa. J. Limnol. Soc. South. Afr. 14 108-118.
26. KLEYNHANS CJ (1996) A qualitative procedure for the assessment of the habitat integrity status of the Luvuvhu River (Limpopo system, South Africa). J. Aquat. Ecosystem Health 5 41-54.
27. KLEYNHANS CJ, SCHULZGW, ENGELBRECHT JS and ROUSSEAU FJ (1992) The impact of a paper mill effluent spill on the fish populations of the Elands and Crocodile Rivers (Incomati System, Transvaal). Water SA 18 73-80.
28. LE ROUX P and STEYN L (1978) Fishes of the Transvaal. Cape & Transvaal Printers Ltd. Cape Town.
29. LYONS J and WANG L (1996) Development of and index of biotic integrity for coldwater streams in Wisconsin. North Am. J. Fish. Manage. 16 241-256.
30. LYONS J, NAVARRO-PEREZ S, COCHRAN PA, SANTANA E and GUZMAN-ARROYO M (1995) Index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages for the conservation of streams and rivers in West-Central Mexico. Conserv. Biol. 9 569-584.
31. MUNKITTRICK KR and DIXON DG (1989) A holistic approach to ecosystem health assessment using fish population characteristics. Hydrobiol. 188/189 123-135.
32. OBERDORFF T and HUGHES RM (1992) Modification of an index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages to characterize rivers of the Seine Basin, France. Hydrobiol. 228 117-130.
33. OHIO EPA (1987) Biological criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Volume 1: The role of biological data in water quality assessment. Ohio EPA, Division of Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment, Surface Water Section, Columbus, Ohio.
34. OMERNIK JM (1987) Ecoregions of the conterminous United States. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 77 118-125.
35. OMERNIK JM and BAILEY RG (1997) Distinguishing between watersheds and ecoregions. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 33 935-949.
36. OSWOOD ME and BARBER WE (1982) Assessment of fish habitat in streams: Goals, constraints, and a new technique. Fisheries 7 8-11.
37. PIENAAR U DE V (1978) The Freshwater Fishes of the Kruger National Park. The National Parks Board of South Africa.
38. PLAFKIN LP, BARBOUR MT, PORTER KD, GROSS SK and HUGHES RM (1989) Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Rivers: Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
39. RAMM AE (1988) The community degradation index: A new method for assessing the deterioration of aquatic habitats. Water Res. 22 293-301.
40. ROGERS KH and BESTBIER R (1997) Development of a Protocol for the Definition of the Desired State of Riverine Systems in South Africa. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.
41. ROUX DJ (1997) National Aquatic Ecosystem Biomonitoring Programme: Overview of the Design Process and Guidelines for Implementation. NAEBP Report Series no. 6. Institute for Water Quality Studies, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
42. ROUX F (1998) Personal communication. Nature Conservator, Mpumalanga Parks Board, Lydenburg.
43. RUSSEL LA and KH ROGERS (1998) Monitoring the Conservation Status and Diversity of Fish Assemblages in the Major Rivers of the Kruger National Park. Report No. 1/1997. Centre for Water in the Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
44. SIMON TP and LYONS J (1995) Application of the index of biotic integrity to evaluate water resource integrity in freshwater ecosystems. In: WS Davis and TP Simon (eds.), Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, London, Tokyo. 245-262.
45. SKELTON PH (1993) A Complete Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers, Halfway House, South Africa.
46. STEEDMAN RJ (1988) Modification and assessment of an index of biotic integrity to quantify stream quality in southern Ontario. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45 492-501.
47. SUTER GW (1993) A critique of ecosystem health concepts and indexes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12 1533-1539.
48. THIRION T (1996) Personal communication. Specialist Scientist, Institute for Water Quality Studies, DWAF, Pretoria.
49. USEPA (1996) Revision of rapid bioassessment protocols for use in stream and rivers: Periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish. Document on Internet for comment, http://www.epa.com
50. WANG L, SIMONSON TD and LYONS J (1996) Accuracy and precision of selected stream habitat estimates. North Am. J. Fish. Manage 16 340-347.
51. WEEKS DC, O'KEEFFE JH, FOURIE A and DAVIES BR (1996) A Pre-impoundment Study of the Sabie-Sand River System, Mpumalanga with Special Reference to Predicted Impacts on the Kruger National Park. Volume One. The Ecological Status of the Sabie-Sand River System. Water Research Commission Report No. 294/1/96, Pretoria.
52. WHITTIER TR and HUGHES RM (1998) Evaluation of fish species tolerances to environmental stressors in lakes in the Northeastern United States. North Am. J. of Fish. Manage. 18 236-252.