Micromechanics and nanosimulation of metals and composites: Advanced methods and theoretical concepts

Micromechanics and Nanosimulation of Metals and Composites: Advanced Methods and Theoretical Concepts

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-420

  Schmauder, Siegfried ^a   Mishnaevsky Jr , Leon ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART   (Germany)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84892256139     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-78678-8     Document Type: Book

References (476)

1. X. Ge, S. Schmauder, "Micromechanism of Fracture in Al/SiC Composites", J. Mat. Sci. 30, pp. 173-178 (1995).
2. L.L. Mishnaevsky Jr., N. Lippmann, S. Schmauder, P. Gumbsch, "In-situ Observation of Damage Evolution and Fracture in AlSi7Mg0.3 Cast Alloys", Eng. Fract. Mech. 63, pp. 395-411 (1999).
3. L. Mishnaevsky Jr., N. Lippmann, S. Schmauder, "Micromechanisms and Modelling of Crack Initiation and Growth in Tool Steels: Role of Primary Carbides", Zeitschrift f. Metallkunde 94, pp. 676-681 (2003).
4. S. Schmauder, "Computational Mechanics", Annual Rev. Mater. Res. 2002.32, pp. 437-465 (2002).
5. M. Dong, S. Schmauder, "Modeling of Metal Matrix Composites by a Self- Consistent Embedded Cell Model", Acta metall. mater. 44, pp. 2465-2478 (1996).
6. N. Lippmann, Th. Steinkopff, S. Schmauder, P. Gumbsch, "3D-Finite-Element- Modelling of Microstructures with the Method of Multiphase Elements", Computational Materials Science 9, pp. 28-35 (1997).
7. L. Mishnaevsky Jr., M. Dong, S. Hönle, S. Schmauder, "Computational Mesomechanics of Particle-Reinforced Composites", Computational Materials Science 16, pp. 133-143 (1999).
8. L. Mishnaevsky Jr., "Three-dimensional Numerical Testing of Microstructures of Particle Reinforced Composites", Acta Materialia 52/14, pp. 4177-4188 (2004).
9. V.A. Romanova, E. Soppa, S. Schmauder, R.R. Balokhonov, "Mesomechanical analysis of the elasto-plastic behavior of a 3D composite-structure under tension", Computational Mechanics 36, pp. 475-483 (2005).
10. S. Schmauder, "Crack Growth in Multiphase Materials", Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Elsevier Science Ltd., pp. 1735-1741 (2001).
11. J. Wulf, S. Schmauder, H. Fischmeister, "Finite Element Modelling of Crack Propagation in Ductile Fracture", Computational Materials Science 1, pp. 297-301 (1993).
12. S. Aoki, Y. Moriya, K. Kishimoto, S. Schmauder, "Finite Element Fracture Analysis of WC-Co Alloys", Engineering Fracture Mechanics 55, pp. 275- 287 (1996).
13. S. Hönle, S. Schmauder, "Micromechanical Simulation of Crack Growth in WC/Co Using Embedded Unit Cells", Computational Materials Science 13, pp. 56-60 (1998).
14. L. Mishnaevsky Jr., N. Lippmann, S. Schmauder, "Computational modeling of crack propagation in real microstructures of steels and virtual testing of artificially designed materials", International Journal of Fracture 120, pp. 581- 600 (2003).
15. L. Mishnaevsky Jr., U. Weber, S. Schmauder, "Numerical analysis of the effect of microstructures of particle-reinforced metallic materials on the crack growth and fracture resistance", International Journal of Fracture 125, pp. 33-50 (2004).
16. C. Kohnle, O. Mintchev, S. Schmauder, "Elastic and Plastic Fracture Energies of Metal/Ceramic Joints", Computational Materials Science 25, pp. 272-277 (2002).
17. P. Leßle, M. Dong, S. Schmauder, "Self-Consistent Matricity Model to Simulate the Mechanical Behaviour of Interpenetrating Microstructures", Computa- Tional Materials Science 15, pp. 455-465 (1999).
18. S. Schmauder, U. Weber, "Modelling of Functionally Graded Materials by Numerical Homogenization", Arch. Appl. Mech. 71, pp. 182-192 (2001).
19. J. Rohde, S. Schmauder, G. Bao, "Mesoscopic Modelling of Gradient Zones in Hardmetals", Computational Materials Science 7, pp. 63-67 (1996).
20. L. Mishnaevsky Jr., "Functionally gradient metal matrix composites: numerical analysis of the microstructure-strength relationships", Composites Sci. & Technology 66/11-12, pp. 1873-1887 (2006).
21. L. Mishnaevsky Jr., "Automatic voxel based generation of 3D microstructural FE models and its application to the damage analysis of composites", Materials Science & Engineering A 407/1-2, pp. 11-23 (2005).
22. S. Schmauder, A. Melander, P.E. McHugh, J. Rohde, S. Hönle, Or. Mintchev, A. Thuvander, H. Thoors, D. Quinn, P. Connolly, "New Tool Materials with a Structural Gradient for Milling Applications", J. Phys. IV France 9, pp. Pr9- 147 - Pr9-156 (1999).
23. M. Ludwig, D. Farkas, D. Pedraza, S. Schmauder, "Embedded Atom Potential for Fe-Cu Interactions and Simulations of Precipitate-Matrix Interfaces", Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 6, pp. 19-28 (1998).
24. S.Y. Hu, M. Ludwig, P. Kizler, S. Schmauder "Atomistic Simulations of Deformation and Fracture of α-Fe", Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 6, pp. 567-586 (1998).
25. L. Farrissey, M. Ludwig, P.E. McHugh, S. Schmauder, "An Atomistic Study of Void Growth in Single Crystalline Copper", Computational Materials Science 18, pp. 102-117 (2000).
26. S. Nedelecu, P. Kizler, S. Schmauder, N. Moldovan, "Atomic Scale Modelling of Edge Dislocation Movement in the α-Fe-Cu System", Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 8, pp. 181-191 (2000).
27. Y. Furuya, H. Noguchi and S. Schmauder, "Molecular Dynamics Study on Low Temperature Brittleness in Tungsten Single Crystals", International Journal of Fracture 107, pp. 139-158 (2001).
28. S. Schmauder, P. Binkele, "Atomistic Computer Simulation of the Formation of Cu-Precipitates in Steels", Computational Materials Science 24, pp. 42-53 (2002).
29. C. Kohler, P. Kizler, S. Schmauder, "Atomistic simulation of the pinning of edge dislocations in Ni by Ni3Al precipitates", Mat. Sci. and Engng. A 400-401, pp. 481-484 (2005).
30. Flinn D B, Rühle M and Evans A G (1989), Acta Metall. 37, p. 3001.
31. Ge X, Zhang D and Ju D (1989), Advances in Constitutive Laws for Engineering Materials Vol. 1, edited by 1. Fan and S. Murakami (International Academic Publishers, Chongging, China, 1989), p. 497.
32. Nair S V, Tien J K and Bates R C (1985), Int. Metal. Rev 30, p. 275.
33. Divecha A D, Fishman S G and Kamarkar S D (1981), J Metals 33, p. 12.
34. Divecha A D, Fischman S G (1981), Sampe Q, p. 40.
35. da Vidson D L (1991), Metall. Trans. 22A, p. 113.
36. Roebuch B, Lord J D (1990), Mater. Sci Technol. 6, p. 1199.
37. Birt M J, Johnson W S (1990), Fundamental Relationship between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Composites. Liaw P K, Gungor M N(ed), MMS, California, USA, p. 71.
38. Vasudevan A K, Richmond O, Zok F and Embury J D (1989), Mater Sci Eng A 107, p. 63.
39. Lewandowski J J, Liu C and Hunt H W Jr. (1989), Mater Sci Eng A ibid A107, p. 241.
40. Mummery P, Derby B (1990), Fundamental Relationship between Micro-structure and Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Composites. Liaw P K, Gungor M N (ed) MMS, California, USA, p. 161.
41. Handwerker C A, Vandin M D, Kattner U R and Lee D J (1990), Metal-Ceramic Interface, In: M. Rühle M, A. G. Evans A G, .Ashby M F and Hirx J P (ed) Acta- Scripta Metall. Proc. Ser 4, (Pergamon Press, Oxford, p. 129.
42. Lee J-D, Vandin M D, Handwerker C A and Kattner U R (1988), High Temperature/High Performance Composites. edited by Lemkey F D, Fishman S G, Evans A G and Strife J R (ed) MRS, Pittsburgh, USA, p. 357.
43. Logsdon W A, Liaw P K (1986), Eng. Fract. Mech. 24, p. 737.
44. Brown F Jr, Srawley J E (1966), ASTM STP40 (American Society for Testing and Materials) Philadelphia, PA..
45. Rudel J, Kelly J F and Lawn B R (1990), J Am. Ceram. Soc, p. 3313.
46. Ge X, Zhang D and Ju D (1989), Proc ICCM-7 4, p. 36.
47. Lagage H, Lloyd D J (1989), Can. Metall.Q 28, p. 145.
48. Wang Z, Zhang R J (1991), Metall. Trans. 22A, p. 1585.
49. Ge X, Schmauder S (1993), Mater Sci. Eng. A 168, pp. 93-97.
50. Poech M H, Fischmeister H F (1992), Acta Metall. Mater. 40, p. 487.
51. van den Burg M, Hosson J Th M (1992), Acta Metall. Mater. 40 Suppl., p. 281.
52. Höner KE, Groß J (1992), Bruchverhalten und mechanische Eigenschaften von Aluminium-Silicum-Gußlegierungen in unterschiedlichen Behandlungszuständen. Gießereiforschung; 44(4), pp.146-60.
53. Gurland J, Plateau J. (1963), Trans ASM; 56. pp. 442-54.
54. Yeh JW, Liu WP. (1996), The cracking mechanism of silicon particles in A357 aluminium alloy. Met Mat Transactions A; 27A, pp. 3558-63.
55. Tetelman AS, McEvily Jr. AJ. (1967), Fracture of structural materials. New York: Wiley & Sons.
56. Finkel VM. (1970), Physics of fracture. Moscow: Metallurgiya, (in Russian).
57. Betekhtin VI, Vladimirov VI (1979), Kinetics of microfractures of crystallic bodies. In: Problems of strength and plasticity of solids. Leningrad: Nauka, pp. 142-54.
58. Lemaitre J. (1992), A course on damage mechanics. Berlin: Springer.
59. Knott JF. (1973), Fundamentals of fracture mechanics. London: Butterworths.
60. Thomason PF. (1968), A theory for ductile fracture by internal necking of cavities. J Inst of Met; 96, pp. 360-5.
61. Seidenfuss M. (1992), Untersuchungen zur Beschreibung des Versagenverhaltens mit Hilfe von Schädigungsmodellen am Bespiel des Werkstoffes 20 MnMoNi 55. Dissertation, MPA Stuttgart.
62. Roberts W, Lehtinen B, Easterling KE (1976), An in situ SEM study of void development around inclusions in steel during plastic deformation. Acta Met Mat; 24, pp. 745- 58.
63. Hancock JW, MacKenzie AC. (1976), On the mechanisms of ductile fracture in highstrength steels subjected to multiaxial stress state. J Mech Phys Solids; 24, pp. 147-69.
64. Melin S. (1983), Why do cracks avoid each other? Int J Fracture; 23, pp. 37-45.
65. Yokobori T. (1968), An interdisciplinary approach to fracture and strength of solids. Groningen: Wolter-Noordhoff.
66. Ebrahimi F, Seo HK (1996), Ductile crack initiation in steels. Acta Mater; 44(2), pp. 831-43.
67. Lippmann N, Steinkopf Th, Schmauder S, Gumbsch P. (1997), 3D-finite element modelling of microstructures with the method of multiphase elements. Comp Mat Sci, pp. 28-35.
68. Shtremel MA. (1982), Strength of alloys. 1. Defects of lattice. Moscow: Metallurgiya, (in Russian).
69. Mishnaevsky Jr. L, Schmauder S (1999), Steels and Materials for Power Plants. In: P. Neumann et al. (Eds.), Proc. EUROMAT-99, Vol. 7, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, p. 269.
70. Berns H, Broeckrnann C, Weichert D (1996), Key Eng. Mater. 118 119, p. 163.
71. Gross - Wege A., Weichert D, Broeckmann C (1996), Comp. Mater. Sci. 5, p. 126.
72. Lehmann A (1995), Diploma Thesis, TU Bergakademie Freiberg.
73. Lippmann N, Lehmann A, . Steinkopff Th, Spies H.-J. (1996), Comp. Mater. Sci. 7, p. 123.
74. Lippmann N (1995), Dissertation, Freiberg.
75. Le Calvez Chr, Ponsot A., Lichtenegger G.., Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Schmauder S., Iturriza I., Rodriguez Ibabe M. (2001), Final Report RTD EU Project, Influence of Micromechanical Mechanisms of Strength and Deformation of Tool Steels under Static and Cyclic Load, Creusot Loire, France.
76. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., . Lippmann N, Schmauder S. (2001), Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Fracture, Honolulu, HA, CD-ROM.
77. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., . Schmauder S (2001), Appl. Mech. Rev. 54, p. 49.
78. Mishnaevsky Jr. L.., Dong M., Hoenle S., Schmauder S. (1999), Comp. Mater. Sci. 16, p. 133.
79. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Weber U., Lippmann N., Schmauder S. (2001), in: M. Cross, J.W. Evans, C. Bailey (Eds.), Computational Modelling of Materials, Minerals, and Metals Processing, Proc. TMS Conference, p. 673.
80. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Lippmann N., Schmauder S. (2001), in: ASME Int. Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New York, CD, Vol. 2.
81. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. (1998), Damage and Fracture of Heterogeneous Materials, Balkema, Rotterdam.
82. Berns H., Melander A., Weichert D, Asnafi N, Broeckmann C., Gross- Weege A. (1998), Comp. Mater. Sci. II, p. 166.
83. Kohlhoff S., Schmauder S. (1989), In Atomistic Simulation of Materials: Beyond Pair Potentials, ed. V Vitek, DJ Srolovitz, New York: Plenum, pp. 411-18.
84. Kohlhoff S., Gumbsch P., Fischmeister HF. (1991), Philos. Mag. A 64, pp 851-78.
85. Zohdi T., Oden J., Rodin G. (1996), Comp. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 138, pp. 273.
86. Thirteenth US National Congress of Applied Mechanics (US-NCAM), June 21- 26. (1998). University of Florida, Abstract Book, ISBN 0-9652609.
87. Kizler P., Uhlmann D., Schmauder S. (2000), Nucl. Eng. Design 196, pp. 175-83.
88. Harrington W. C. Jr, (1993), Mechanical Properties of Metallurgical Composites (edited by S. Ochiai), p. 759. Marcel Dekker Inc., NY.
89. Brockenbrough J. R. and Suresh S. (1990), Scripta metall. mater. 24, p. 325.
90. Rammerstorfer F. G., Fischer F. D. and. Böhm H. J (1990). Discretization Methods in Structural Mechanics (edited by G. Kuhn et al.), IUTAM/IACM Symposium; Vienna, Austria, 1989, p. 393. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
91. Evans A. G. (1991), Mater. Sci. Engng, A 143, p. 63.
92. Brockenbrough J. R., Suresh S. and Wienccke H. A. (1991), Acta metall. mater. 39, p. 735.
93. Dietrich C. (1993), VDI-Fortschrittsberichte, Reihe 18, Nr. 128. VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf.
94. Nakamura T. and Suresh S. (1993), Acta metall. mater. 41, p. 1665.
95. Dietrich C., Poech M. H, Schmauder S. and. Fischmeister H. F. (1993), Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde (edited by G. Leonhardt et al.), p. 611. DGMlnformationsgesellschaft mbH. Oberursel.
96. Adams D. (1970), J. Compos. Mater. 4, p. 310.
97. Jansson S. (1992), Int. J. Solids Struct. 29, p. 2181.
98. Zahl D. B., Schmauder S. and McMeeking R. M. (1994), Acta metall. mater. 42, p. 2983.
99. Llorca J., Needleman A. and Suresh S. (1991), Acta metall. mater. 39, p. 2317.
100. Sautter M. (1995), PhD. Dissertation, University of Stuttgart.
101. Povirk G. L., Stout M. G., Bourke M., Goldstone J. A., Lawson A. C., Lovato M., . Macewen S. R., Nutt S. R and Needleman A. (1992), Acta metall. mater. 40, p. 2391.
102. Bohm H., Rammerstorfer F. G. and Weissenbek E.(1993), Comput. Mater. Sci. 1, p. 177.
103. Böhm H. J., Rammerstorfer F. G., Fischer F. D. and Siegmund T. (1994), ASME J. Engng Mater. Technol. 116, p. 268.
104. Bao G., Hutchinson J. W. and McMeeking R. M. (1991), Acta metall. mater. 39, p. 1871.
105. Tvergaard V. (1990), Acta metall. mater. 38, p. 185.
106. Horn C. L. (1992), J. Mech. Phys. Solids 40, p. 991.
107. Weissenbek E. (1993), PhD. Dissertation, Technical University of Vienna.
108. Li Z., Schmauder S., Wanner A. and Dong M. (1995), Scripta metall. mater. 33, p. 1289.
109. Christman T.. Needleman A. and Suresh Y. (1989), Acta metall. mater. 37, p. 3029.
110. Suquet P. M. (1993), MECAMA T 9.1, lnt. Seminar on Micromechanical Materials. p. 361, Editions Eyrolles. Paris.
111. Thebaud F. (1993), PhD. Dissertation, Université de Paris Sud.
112. Zahl D. B. and McMeeking R. M. (1991), Acta metall. Mater 39, p. 1171.
113. Poech M. H. (1992), Scripta metall. mater. 27, p. 1027.
114. Farrissey L., Schmauder S., Dong M., Soppa E., McHugh P. and Poech M. H. (1999), Investigation of the Strenghening of Particulate Reinforced Composites using Different Analytical and Finite Element Models. Comput. Mater. Sci. 15, pp 1-10.
115. Duva J. M. (1984), Trans. ASME Series H, J. Engng Muter.Technol. 106, p. 317.
116. Sautter M., Dietrich C., Poech M. H., Schmauder S. and Fischmeister H. F. (1993) Comput. Mater. Sci. I, 225.
117. Zahl D. B. and Schmauder S. (1994), Comput. Mater. Sci. 3, p. 293.
118. Dong M. and Schmauder S., Comput. Mater. Sci. (to be published, 1996).
119. Jirvstrlt N. (1993), Comput. Mater. Sci. 1, p. 203.
120. LASSO Engineering Association, Markomannenstr. 11, D-70771 Leinfelden- Echterdingen, Germany.
121. PDA Engineering, 2975 Redhill Avenue, Costa Mesa. California 92626, U.S.A.
122. Fischmeister H.F., Karlsson B. (1977), Z. Metallk. 68, p. 311.
123. Steinkopff Th., Sautter M. (1995), Comput. Mater. Sci. 4, p.10.
124. Wulf J., Steinkopff Th., Fischmeister H.F., Acta Metall. 44 (1995) p.1765.
125. Sautter M. (1995), Modellierung des Verformungsverhaltens mehrphasiger Werkstoffe mit der Methode der Finiten Elemente, Fortschrittberichte VDI, vol. 5, No. 398, VDIVerlag, Düsseldorf.
126. Lippmann N., Schmauder S., Gumbsch P.(1996), in: 4th Intemational Conference Locahsed Damage '96, Fukuoka, Japan, June 3-5.
127. Le Hazif R., de Montpreville C.T.(1983), 3D models for the calculation of the mechanical behavior of two-phase alloys, in: Bilde-Sorensen J.B., Hansen N., Horsewell A., Leffers T., Lilhoh H. (Eds.), Deformation of Multi-Phase and Particle-Containing Materials, Riso National Laboratoty, Roskilde, Denmark.
128. Horn C.L., McMeeking R.M. (1991), Int. J. Plastic. 7, p. 255.
129. Bao G., Hutchinson J.W., McMeeking R.M (1991), Acta Metall. 39, p.1871.
130. Brockenbrough J.R., Hunt Jr. W.H.., Richmond O. (1992), Ser. Metall. 27, p. 385.
131. Brockenbrough J.R., Wienecke H.A., Romanko A.D., Alcoa Report No. 519303, pp. l- 9.
132. Hollister S.J., Kikuchi N. (1994), Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43, p. 586.
133. LARSTRAN, LASSO lngenieurgesellschaft, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany.
134. Johansson S. (1988), Micromechanical properties of silicon, Doctoral dissertation, Uppsala University.
135. Modelling in Materials Science and Processing '96, Lippmann N., Steinkopff Th., Schmauder S., Gumbsch P. (1996), 3D-FE-modelling of microstructures with the method of multiphase elements, in: Proceedings of General Workshop COST 512, Modelling in Materials Science and Processing '96, Davos, Switzerland, 29 Sept.-2 Oct.
136. Steinkopff Th., Sautter M, Wulf J.(1995), Mehrphasige Finite Elemente in der Verformungs- und Versagenanalyse grob mehrphasiger Werkstoffe, Arch. Appl. Mech. 65, pp. 495-506.
137. Steinkopff Th., Sautter M (1995), Simulating the elasto-plastic behavior of multi phase materials by advanced finite element techniques, Comput. Mater. Sci. 4, p. 1022.
138. Wulf J (1995), Neue Finite-Elemente-Methode zur Simulation des Duktilbruchs in Al/SiC MPI für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, p. 205.
139. Sautter M. (1995), Modellierung des Verformungsverhaltens mehrphasiger Werkstoffe mit der Methode der Finiten Elemente, Fortschr.-Ber.VDI, Reihe 5, Düsseldorf, p. 210.
140. Lippmann N., Steinkopff Th., Schmauder S., Gumbsch P. (1997), 3D-finite-elementmodelling of microstructures with the method of multiphase elements, Comput. Mater. Sci. 9, pp. 28-35.
141. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Lippmann N., Gumbsch P., Schmauder S., Spranger H.-J., Arzt E. (1998), Mikrostrukturelle Untersuchung der Versagensmechanismen in Al/Si Gußlegierungen mit 3D-FE-Analysen, BMBF Project report, MPA Stuttgart, p. 102.
142. LARSTRAN, LASSO Ingenieurgesellschaft, Leinfelden Echterdingen, Germany.
143. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Minchev O., Schmauder S.(1998), FE-simulation of crack growth using damage parameter and the cohesive zone concept, in: M.W. Brown, E.R. de los Rios, K.J. Miller (Eds.), ECF 12 - Fracture from Defects, Proceeding of the 12th European Conference on Fracture Sheffield, vol. 2, EMAS, pp. 1053-1059.
144. Lippmann N., Schmauder S., Gumbsch P. (1996), Numerical and experimental study of the failure mechanisms in AI/Si-cast alloys, in: H. Nisitani et al. (Eds.), Localized Damage IV, Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, UK, pp. 333-340.
145. Hönle S., Dong M., Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Schmauder S. (1998), FE-simulation of damage evolution and crack growth in two-phase materials on macro- And microlevel on the basis of element elimination technique and multiphase finite elements, in: A. Bertram et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Mechanics of Materials, Magdeburg, pp. 189-196.
146. Rice J.R., Tracey D.M. (1969), On the ductile enlargement of voids in triaxial stress fields, In. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 17, pp. 201-217.
147. Hancock J.W., MacKenzie A.C (1976), On the mechanisms of ductile failure in highstrength steels subjected to multiaxial stress-states, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 24: 147-167.
148. Fischer F.D., Kolednik O., Shan GX, Rammerstorfer F.G. (1995), A note on calibration of ductile failure damage indicators, Int. J. Fracture 73, pp. 345-357.
149. Gunawardena S.R., Jansson S., Leckie F.A. (1993), Modeling of anisotropic behavior of weakly bonded fiber reinforced MMCs, Acta Meth. Mater. 41, pp. 3147-3156.
150. Arndt J., Grimpe F., Dahl W. (1996), Influence of strain history on ductile failure of steel, in: J. Petit et al. (Eds.), Mechanisms and Mechanics of Damage and Failure of Engine, Materials and Structure, Proceedings of the International Conference, ECF-II, val. 2, EMAS, Landon, pp. 799-804.
151. Poech M.-H., Fischmeister H.F., Kaute D., Spiegler R.(1993), FE modelling of the deformation behaviour of WC/Co alloys, Comput. Mater. Sci. I, p. 213.
152. Connolly P.J., McHugh P.E. (1997), Fracture modelling in metal ceramic composites using the Gursan model and crystal plasticity theory, Presentation at Seventh International Workshop on Computational Modelling of Materials, Vienna.
153. Bracks W., Hao S., Steglich D. (1996), Micromechanical modelling of the damage and toughness behaviour of nodular cast iran, J. de Physique IV C6, pp. 43-52.
154. Sigl L.(1986) Das Zähigkeitsverhalten von WC-Co-Legierungen, VDI Fortschritt- Berichte, val. 5, 110. 104, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf.
155. Dong M., Schmauder S.1996) Modeling of metal matrix composites by a selfconsistent embedded cell model, Acta Mater. 44: 2465-2478.
156. Lippmann N., Schmauder S., Gumbsch P. (1996) Numerical and experimental study of early stages of the failure of Al/Si cast alloy, J. de Physique IV C6: 123-131.
157. Schmauder S., Dong M. (1997), Micro-, meso- And macromechanical modeling of damage in an AI/Si cast alloy, in: A.S. Khan, J. Petit et al. (Eds.), Proceeding of the Sixth International Symposium on Plasticity and its Current Applications, Neat Press, Fulton, Maryland, pp. 275-276.
158. Mishnaevsky Jr., L. Lippmann, N. Schmauder S., Gumbsch P. (1999), In situ observation of damage evolution and fracture in Al/Si7MgO.3 cast alloys, Eng. Fracture Mech. 63 (4), pp. 395-411.
159. Mishnaevsky Jr. L, Schmauder S. (2001), Appl Mech Rev. 54(1), pp. 49- 69.
160. Han W, Eckschlager A, Böhm HJ. (2001), Compos Sci Technol, 61, pp. 1581-90.
161. Eckschlager A, Böhm HJ, Han W. (2002), Comput Mater Sci, 25, pp. 85- 91.
162. Böhm HJ, Han W. (2001), Model Simul Mater Sci Eng, 9, pp. 47-65.
163. Jung I. et al. (1996), Mechanical behaviour of multiphase materials numerical simulations and experimental comparisons. In: Proc. IUTAM Symposium on Micromechanics of Plasticity and Damage in Multiphase Materials. Kluwer, pp. 99-106.
164. Eckschlager A, Böhm HJ (2002), 3D Finite element unit cell study of particle failure in brittle particle reinforced ductile matrix composites. In: Mang HA, Rammerstorfer FG, Eberhardsteiner J, (Eds.) Proc. 5th World Congress Compuational Mechanics (WCCM V), Vienna.
165. Segurado J, González C, LLorca, J. Acta Mater. 51(8), pp. 2355- 60.
166. Geni M, Kikuchi M. Acta Mater (1998), 46(9), pp. 3125-33.
167. Key Eng Mater 145-149, pp. 895-900.
168. Li M, Ghosh S, Richmond O, Weiland H, Rouns TN. (1999), Mater Sci Eng A A265, pp. 153-73.
169. Mater Sci Eng A;A266, pp. 221-40.
170. PavanaChand Ch, Ghosh S. (1998), A 3D voronoi cell finite element model for particulate reinforced composites. In: Atluri SN, O'Donoghue PE, editors. Modeling and simulation based engineering. Tech Science Press; pp. 1450-5.
171. Li M. et al. (1998), Mater Character 41(2-3), pp. 81-95.
172. Wulf J, Steinkopff T, Fischmeister HF. (1998), Acta Mater, 44(5), pp. 1765-79.
173. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. et al. (1999), Comput Mater Sci 16(1-4), pp. 133-43.
174. Lippmann N. et al. (1997), Comput Mater Sci;9, pp. 28-35.
175. Zohdi TI, Wriggers P. (2001) Comp Meth Appl Mech Eng;190(22-23), pp. 2803-23.
176. Zohdi TI, Wriggers P, Huet C. (2001) Comp Meth Appl Mech Eng, 190 (43-44), pp. 5639-56.
177. Zohdi TI. Phil Transact R Soc (2003) Math Phys Eng Sci, 361(1806), pp. 1021-43.
178. Mishnaevsky Jr. L, Lippmann N, Schmauder S. (2003), Int J Fract, 120(4), pp. 581-600.
179. Mishnaevsky Jr. L, Lippmann N, Schmauder S. (2003), Zeitschrift f Metallkunde, 94(6), pp. 676-81.
180. Mishnaevsky L, Weber U, Schmauder S. (2004), Int J Fract, 125, pp. 33-50.
181. Baptiste D. (1999) Damage behaviour of composites'. Cours de formation, Jesi, Italie.
182. Hu G, Guo G, Baptiste D. (1998), Comp Mater Sci, 9, pp. 420-30.
183. Derrien K. et al. (1999), Int J Plast 15, pp. 667-85.
184. Mishnaevsky Jr. L, Derrien K, Baptiste D. Compos Sci Technol.
185. Kobayashi T, et al. Numerical analysis of crack initiation and propagation behavior in aluminum matrix. Composites. Available from: http://alroom.tutpse.tut.ac.jp/efpm/English/Researchsubjects/Numericalanalysis. htm.
186. Böhm HJ (1998), A short introduction to basic aspects of continuum micromechanics. Vienna: TU Wien;. p. 102.
187. Thompson J, Soni B, Weatherhill N (1999), Handbook of grid generation. Boca Raton, CRC Press.
188. Soppa E. (2003) Personal Communication.
189. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. (1998) Damage and fracture of heterogeneous materials. Rotterdam: Balkema;. p. 230.
190. Anderson MP, Srolovitz DJ, Crest GS, Sahni PS (1984) Monte Carlo simulation of grain growth in textured metals. Acta metal. 32, pp. 783-789.
191. 3 metal-matrix composite. Comput. Mater. Sci. 26, pp. 183-188.
192. Buffiere J, Maire E, Cloetens P, Lormand G, Fougères R (1999) Characterization of internal damage in a MMC using X-ray synchrotron phase contrast microtomography. Acta mater. 47, pp. 1613-1625.
193. Cherepanov OI (2003) Numerical solution of some quasisatic problems in mesomechanics. SB RAS Publishing, Novosibirsk [in Russian].
194. Dudarev EF (1998) Microplastic deformation and yield stress of polycrystals. Tomsk University Press, Tomsk [in Russian].
195. Ghosh S, Nowak Z, Lee K (1997) Quantitative characterization and modeling of composite microstructures by Voronoi cells. Acta Mater. 45, pp. 2215-2237.
196. Hibbit, Karlson & Sorensen Inc.: ABAQUS 6.2-1, Pawtucket, RI, USA, (ABACOM Software GmbH, Aachen).
197. Jacot A, Rappaz M (2002) A pseudo-front tracking technique for the modelling of solidification microstructures in multi-component alloys. Acta Mater. 50, pp. 1902-1926.
198. Jensen DJ (2002) Microstructural characterization in 3 dimensions. In: Pyrz R, Schjødt-Thomsen J, Rauhe JC, Thomsen T, Jensen LR (eds) New Challenges in Mesomechanics (Mesomechanics'2002), Proceedings of International Conference. Aalborg University, Aalborg, pp 541-547.
199. Krill CE, Chen L-Q (2002) Computer simulation of 3-D grain growth using a phasefield model. Acta Mater. 50, pp. 3057-3073.
200. Makarov PV (2000) Localized deformation and fracture of polycrystals at mesolevel. Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 33, pp. 23-30.
201. Makarov PV, Schmauder S, Cherepanov OI, Smolin IYu, Romanova VA, Balokhonov RR, Saraev DYu, Soppa E, Kizler P, Fischer G, Hu S, Ludwig M (2001) Simulation of elastic plastic deformation and fracture of materials at micro-, meso- And macrolevels. Theor. Appl. Frac. Mech. 37, pp. 183-244.
202. Makarov PV, Smolin IY, Prokopinsky IP, and Stefanov YuP (1999) Modeling of development of localized plastic deformation and prefracture stage in mesovolumes of heterogeneous media. Int J. Fract. 100, pp. 121-131.
203. Panin VE (Ed) (1998) Physical mesomechanics of heterogeneous media and computeraided design of materials, Cambridge International Science Publishing, Cambridge.
204. Panin VE (2003) Physical mesomechanics - A new paradigm at the interface between physics and mechanics of solids. Physical Mesomechanics. 6, pp. 9-36.
205. Panin AV, Klimenov VA, Abramovskaya NL, Son AA (2000) Defect flow nucleation and development on the surface of a deformed solid. Physical Mesomechanics. 3, pp. 83-92.
206. Panin VE (1998) Foundations of physical mesomechanics. Physical Mesomechanics. 1, pp. 5-22.
207. Pleshanov VS, Kibitkin VV, Panin VE (1999) Optico-television estimation of fracture behavior and crack-resistant characteristics on the mesoscale for polycrystals under cyclic loading. Physical Mesomechanics. 2, pp. 87-90.
208. Pyrz R, Schjødt-Thomsen J, Rauhe JC, Thomsen T, Jensen LR (Eds) (2002) New Challenges in Mesomechanics. Proceedings of Int. Conference. Aalborg University, Aalborg.
209. Raabe D (2002) Cellular automata in materials science with particular reference to recrystallization simulation. Annual Review of Materials Research. 32, pp. 53-76.
210. Raabe D, Roters F, Barlat F, Long-Qing Chen (Eds) (2004) Continuum scale simulation of engineering materials. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
211. Romanova V, Balokhonov R, Karpenko N (2004) Numerical simulation of material behavior with explicit consideration for three-dimensional structural heterogeneity. Physical Mesomechanics. 7, pp. 71-79 [in Russian].
212. Romanova VA, Balokhonov RR, Makarov PV, Smolin IYu (2000) Numerical modeling of the behavior of a relaxing medium with an inhomogeneous structure under dynamic loading. Chem. Phys. Reports. 18, pp. 2191-2203.
213. 3 with explicit consideration for its threedimensional structure. Physical mesomechanics. 7, pp. 27-31 [in Russian].
214. Romanova V, Balokhonov R (2004) Numerical simulation of elastoplastic deformation of artificial 3D-structures. In: Sih G, Kermanidis Th, Pantelakis Sp (eds) Multiscaling and Applied Science. Proceedings of International Conference "Mesomechanics- 2004". University of Patras, pp 266-272.
215. Romanova V, Balokhonov R, Makarov P, Schmauder S, Soppa E (2003) Simulation of elasto-plastic behaviour of an artificial 3D-structure under dynamic loading. Comput. Mater. Sci. 28, pp. 518-528.
216. Romanova V, Balokhonov R, Soppa E, Schmauder S, Makarov P (2003) Simulation for elasto-plastic behavior of artificial 3D-structure under shock wave loading. J. Phys. IV France. 110, pp. 251-256.
217. Sih G. (ed) (2000) Role of Mechanics for Development of Science and Technology. Proceedings of Int. Conference. Xi'an Jiaotong University.
218. Sih G, Kermanidis Th, Pantelakis Sp (eds) (2004) Multiscaling and Applied Science. Proceedings of International Conference "Mesomechanics- 2004". University of Patras.
219. 3 composites. In: Sih G, Kermanidis Th, Pantelakis Sp (eds) Multiscaling and Applied Science. Proceedings of International Conference "Mesomechanics-2004". University of Patras, pp 312-317.
220. 3. Comput. Mater. Sci. 28, pp. 574-586.
221. Soppa E, Schmauder S, Fischer G, Thesing J, Ritter R (1999) Influence of the microstructure on the deformation behaviour of metal-matrix composites. Comput. Mater. Sci. 16, pp. 323-332.
222. Toyooka S, Widiastuti R, Zhang Q, Kato H (2001) Dynamic observation of localized pulsation generated in the plastic deformation process by electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Jpn. Appl. Phys. 40, pp. 873-876.
223. Wilkins M (1967) Calculation of elasto-plastic flow. In: Older O, Fernbach S, Rotenberg M (eds) Numerical methods in hydrodynamics. Mir, Moscow, pp 212-263.
224. Wilkins M, French S, Sorem M (1975) Finite-difference scheme of 3D-spatial and time-dependant problems. In: Numerical methods in fluid dynamics. Mir, Moscow, pp 115-119.
225. Wilkins M (1980) Use of artificial viscosity in multidimensional fluid dynamic calculations. Journal of Computational Physics 36, pp. 281-303.
226. Wilkins M, Guinan M (1976) Plane stress calculations with a two dimensional elasticplastic computer program. Preprint UCRL-77251, University of California, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.
227. Arndt J, Majedi H, Dahl W (1996), Influence of strain history on ductile failure of steel. J. Phys. IV Coll. C6, C6-23-32.
228. Hancock J W, MacKenzie AC (1976), On the mechanisms of ductile failure in highstrength steels subjected to multi-axial stress-states. J. Mech. Phys. Sol. 24, pp. 147-169.
229. Hönle S, Dong M, Mishnaevsky L Jr, Schmauder S 1998 FE simulation of damage evolution and crack growth in twophase materials. In: Bertram A, Forest S, Sidoroff F (eds.), Proc. Euromech-Mecamat, Mechanics of Materials with Intrinsic Length Seale: Physics, Experiments, Modeling and Applications. Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, pp. 189-196.
230. Lippmann N, Schmauder S, Gumbsch P (1996), Numerical and experimental study of early stages of the failure of AlSi-cast alloys. J. Phys. IV Coll. C6, C6-123-31.
231. Rice J R, Tracey DM (1969), On the ductile enlargement of voids in triaxial stress fields. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 17, pp. 201-217.
232. Schmauder S, Wulf J, Steinkopff Th, Fischmeister HF (1996), Micromechanics of plasticity and damage in an Al/Sie metal matrix composite. In: Pineau A, Zaoui A (oos.) IUT AM Symp. Micromechanics of Plasticity and Damage of MultiphaseMaterials. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 255-262.
233. Spiegler R. and. Fischmeister H.F (1992), Acta Metall. Mater. 40, p. 165.
234. Spiegler R., Schmauder S. and. Fischmeister H.F. (1992), Int. J. Plast. submitted.
235. LASSO Ingenieurgesellschaft, Markomannenstr. 11, D-7022 Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany.
236. Brown L.M. and Embury J.D. (1973), in: Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. On Strength of Metals and Alloys, Cambridge, vol. 1, p.164.
237. Gurson A.L (1975), Ph.D. thesis, Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI.
238. Aoki S, Kishimoto K, Takeya A and Sakata M (1984), Int. J. Fract. 24, p. 267.
239. Chu C.C. and Needleman A. (1980), Eng J. Mat. & Techn. 102, p. 249.
240. Fischmeister H.F., Schmauder S and Sigl L. (1988), Mat. Sci. & Eng. A 105/106, p. 305.
241. Barnby J.T, Shi Y.W and. Nadkarni A.S (1984), Int. J. Frac. 25, p. 273.
242. Sih G.C and Madenci E (1983), Eng. Frac. Mech. 18, p. 1159.
243. Needleman A and Tvergaard V. J (1987), Mech. Phys. Solids 35, p. 151.
244. Sigl, L. S. and Exner, H. E. (1987), Experimental study of the mechanics of fracture in WC-Co alloys. Metallurgical Trans., 18A, pp. 1299-1308.
245. Tohgo, K., Tagawa, T. and Otsuka, A. (1987), Analysis of elastic and elastic-plastic deformation behavior of two-phase sintered materials. Trans. JSME, Ser.A, 53-494, pp. 1870-1878, in Japanese.
246. Tohgo, K., Tagawa T. and Otsuka, A (1990), Microscopic stress/strain field around a crack tip and fracture process in WC-Co composite. Trans. JSME, Ser.A, 56-532, pp. 2417-2424, in Japanese.
247. Sato, K. and Honda, H. (1990), Effects of WC grain-size and Co contents on fracture toughness of WC-Co alloys. J. Japanese Soc. for Non-Destructive Inspection, 39-3, pp. 237-242, in Japanese.
248. Fischmeister, H. F., Schmauder, S. and Sigl, L. S. (1988), Finite element modeling of crack propagation in WC-Co hard metals. Materials Science and Engineering, A105/106, pp. 305-311.
249. Sigl, L. S. and Schmauder, S. (1988), A finite element study of crack growth in WCCo. Int. J. Fracture, 36, 305-317. Finite element fracture analysis of WC-Co alloy 287.
250. Ourson, A. L.(1977), Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void nucleation and growth: Part l-Yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile materials. J. Eng. Mat. and Tech., Trans. ASME, 99, pp. 2-15.
251. Needleman, A. and Rice, J. R.(1978), Limits to ductility set by plastic flow localization, in Mechanics of Sheet Metal Forming (ed. D. P. Koisten and N. M. Wang), pp. 237-267. Plenum.
252. Kolaska, H. (1992), Pulvermetallurgie der Hartmetalle, Fachverband Pulvermetallurgie.
253. Schedler, W. (1988), Hartmetall für den Praktiker, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf.
254. Schumacher, G (1969), Wendeschneidplatten aus Hartmetall mit TiC Schicht, Techn. Zentalbl. für prakt. Metallbearb. 63, pp. 275-278.
255. Hintermann, H.E. (1979), Verschleiß- und Korrosionsschutz durch CVD- und PVDÜberzüge, VDI Fortschritt-Berichte 333, pp. 53-67.
256. 3-coated cemented carbide during milling of steel. Report No. IM-2901. Swedish Institute for Metals Research, Stockholm.
257. Nordgren A., Jonsson, S (1994), Residual stress in CVD TiN coatings on unworn and worn cemented carbide and the influence upon crack formation, Report No. IM-3180, Swedish Institute for Metals Research, Stockholm, .
258. Hönle, S., Rohde, J., Schmauder, S (1996), Meso- And Microscopic modeling of failure behaviour of graded zones in hard metals, Abstracts Junior Euromat'96, DGM, Oberursel, p. 275.
259. Theilig, H., Wiebe, P., Buchholz, F.G. (1992), Computational simulation of noncoplanar crack growth and experimental verification for a specimen under combined bending and shear loading. Reliability and Structural Integrity of Advanced Materials, vol. 2, Proceedings of Ninth European Conference on Fracture (ECF9), Varna, pp. 789-794.
260. Rohde, J., Schmauder, S., Bao, G. (1996), Mesoscopic modelling of gradient zones in hard metals, Comp. Mat. Sci. 7, pp. 63-67.
261. Sigl, L., Exner, H.E. (1987), Experimental study of the mechanics of fracture in WCCo alloys, Metallurgical Transactions A 18, pp. 1299-1308.
262. Mishnaevsky L. Jr, Dong M., Hoenle S. and Schmauder S. (1999), Computational Mesomechanics of Particle-Reinforced Composites, Comp. Mater. Sci., Vol. 16, No. 1-4, pp. 133-143.
263. Wulf J. (1995), Neue Finite-Elemente-Methode zur Simulation des Duktilbruchs in Al/SiC. Dissertation. MPI für Metallforschung, Stuttgart.
264. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Mintchev O. and Schmauder S. (1998), FE-Simulation of Crack Growth Using a Damage Parameter and The Cohesive Zone Concept, In: "ECF 12 - Fracture from Defects", Proc. 12th European Conference on Fracture. Eds. M.W. Brown, E.R. de los Rios and K. J. Miller. London, EMAS, Vol. 2, pp. 1053-1059.
265. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. and Schmauder S., Advanced Finite Element Techniques of Analysis of the Microstructure-Mechanical Properties Relationships in Heterogeneous Materials: A Review, Physical Mesomechanics, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 5-20.
266. Jirasek M. (1998), Finite Elements with Embedded Cracks, LSC Report, Lausanne, EPFL.
267. Rashid Y.R. (1968), Ultimate Strength Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Pressure Vessels. Nucl. Engng. And Design, 7, pp. 334-344.
268. Tvergaard V. and Hutchinson J.W. (1988), Effect of T-Stress on Mode I Crack Growth Resistance in a Ductile Solid, Int. J. Solids Struct. 31, 6, pp. 823-833.
269. Xia L., Shih, C. F. and Hutchinson J. W. (1995), A computational approach to ductile crack growth under large scale yielding conditions. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 43, 3, pp. 389-413.
270. Xia L., and Shih C. F. (1995), Ductile crack growth - II. Void nucleation and geometry effects on macroscopic fracture behavior. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 43, 11, pp. 1953-1981.
271. Broberg K.B. (1997), The Cell Model of Materials, Computational Mechanics, 19, 7, pp. 447-452.
272. Weihe S., Kröplin B., and de Borst R. (1998), Classification of Smeared Crack Models Based on Material and Structural Properties. Int. J. Solids and Structures, 35, 12, pp. 1289-1308.
273. Weihe S. and Kröplin B. (1995), Fictitiuos Crack Models: A Classification Approach. Proc. FRAMCOS II (2nd Int. Conf. Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures), Ed. F.H. Wittmann, Aedificatio Publ., Vol. 2, pp. 825-840.
274. van Vroonhoven J. (1996), Dynamic Crack Propagation in Brittle Materials: Analyses based on Fracture and Damage Mechanics, Eindhoven, Philipps Electronics, p. 195.
275. Siegmund T., Bernauer G. and Brocks W. (1998), Two Models of Ductile Fracture in Contest: Porous Metal Pasticity and Cohesive Elements, "ECF 12 - Fracture from Defects", Proc. 12th European Conference on Fracture (Sheffield). Eds. M.W. Brown, E.R. de los Rios and K. J. Miller. EMAS, Vol. 2, pp. 981-985.
276. LARSTRAN, LASSO Ingenieurgesellschaft, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany.
277. Barker L. M. (1981), Short Rod and Short Bar Fracture Toughness Specimen Geometries and Test Methods for Metallic Materials, Fracture Mechanics ASTM STP 743, pp. 456-475.
278. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. and Schmauder S. (1998), 2nd-4th Interim technical reports on the project "Influence of Micromechanical Mechanisms of Strength and Deformation of Tool Steels under Static and Cyclic Load", Creusot Loire, Frankreich.
279. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Lippmann N. and Schmauder S., Micromechanisms of Damage Initiation in Tool Steels: An Analysis with the Use of FE-Simulation of Real Microstructures of Steels and SEM-in-situ-Observations (in preparation).
280. Trubitz P. (1998), Messung der elastischen Eigenschaften von Karbiden und der Matrix von Stahl X155CrVMo12-1, Prüfbericht, 26.11.1998, TU BA Freiberg.
281. Iturriza I. and Rodriguez J. M., (2000) Ibabe, 5th Interim technical reports on the project "Influence of Micromechanical Mechanisms of Strength and Deformation of Tool Steels under Static and Cyclic Load", Creusot Loire, Frankreich (in preparation).
282. Lehmann A. (1995), Modellierung des Bruchverhaltens von Schnellarbeitsstählen unter Beachtung bauteilspezifischer Einflüsse, Diplomarbeit, TU Bergakademie Freiberg.
283. Lippmann N., Lehmann A., Steinkopff Th. and Spies H.-J. (1996), Modelling the Fracture Behaviour of High Speed Steels under Static Loading, Comp. Mat. Sci., 7, pp. 123-130.
284. Lippmann N. (1995), Beitrag zur Untersuchung des Bruchverhaltens von Werkzeugen aus Schnellarbeitsstählen unter statischer Beanspruchung, Dissertation, Freiberg.
285. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. and Schmauder S. (1999), Pursuance and Analysis of SEM-in-situ- Experiments on the Deformation and Fracture of Cold Work and High Speed Steels, Report for Boehler Edelstahl GmbH, MPA, p. 35.
286. Broeckmann C. (1994), Bruch karbidreicher Stähle - Experiment und FEM-Simulation unter Berücksichtigung des Gefüges. Dissertation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
287. Gross-Weege A., Weichert D. and Broeckmann C. (1996), Finite element simulation of crack initiation in hard two-phase materials, Comp. Mat. Sci., Vol. 5, pp. 126-142.
288. Berns H., Broeckmann C., Weichert D. (1997), Fracture of Hot Formed Ledeburitic Chromium Steels, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 58, 4, pp. 311-325.
289. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. and Schmauder S. (1999), Optimization of Fracture Resistance of Ledeburitic Tool Steels: A Fractal Approach, "Steels and Materials for Power Plants", Ed.: P. Neumann et al., Proceedings of EUROMAT-99 (European Congress on Advanced Materials and Processes, Munich, 1999), Vol. 7, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim (accepted for publication).
290. Tetelman A.S. and McEvily Jr. A.J. (1967), Fracture of Structural Materials. New York: Wiley.
291. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. (1996), Determination for the Time to Fracture of Solids, Int. J. Fracture, 79, 4, pp. 341-350.
292. Chelidze T. and Gueguen Y., Evidence of Fractal Fracture, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 1990, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 223-225.
293. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. and Schmauder S. (2001), Continuum Mesomechanical Finite Element Modeling in Materials Development: A State-of-the-Art Review, Applied Mechanics Reviews, Vol. 54, 1, pp. 49-69.
294. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Dong M., Hoenle S. and Schmauder S. (1999), Computational Mesomechanics of Particle-Reinforced Composites, Comp. Mater. Sci., Vol. 16, No. 1-4, pp. 133-143.
295. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Lippmann N. and Schmauder S. (2003), Computational Modeling of Crack Propagation in Real Microstructures of Steels and Virtual Testing of Artificially Designed Materials, Int. J. Fracture, Vol. 120, Nr. 4, pp. 581-600.
296. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Weber U., Lippmann N. and Schmauder S. (2001), Computational Experiment in the Mechanics of Materials, "Computational Modeling of Materials, Minerals, and Metals Processing", Proceeding TMS Conference, Eds. M. Cross, J.W. Evans, and C. Bailey, pp. 673-680.
297. Le Calvez Ch., Ponsot A., Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Iturizza I.. Rodriguez J. M. Ibabe, Lichtenegger G and Schmauder S. (2000), Micromechanical Mechanisms of Strength and Damage of Tool Steels under Static and Cyclic Loading, CLI, Le Creusot, France. Final Reports on ECSC RTD Project.
298. Berns H., Broeckmann C., Weichert D. (1997), Fracture of Hot Formed Ledeburitic Chromium Steels, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 58, 4, pp. 311-325.
299. Berns H, Melander A, Weichert D, Asnafi N, Broeckmann C and Gross-Weege A (1998), A new material for cold forging tool, Comput Mater Sci, 11, pp. 166-180.
300. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Lippmann N. and Schmauder S. (2003), Micromechanisms and Modelling of Crack Initiation and Growth in Tool Steels: Role of Primary Carbides, Zeitschrift f. Metallkunde (Int. J. Materials Research), 94, 6, pp. 676-681.
301. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Lippmann N. and Schmauder S. (2001), Computational Design of Multiphase Materials at Mesolevel, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 11-16, New York, CD-ROM Proceedings, Vol. 2.
302. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Lippmann N. and Schmauder S. (2001), Experimental-Numerical Analysis of Mechanisms of Damage Initiation in Tool Steels, Proc. 10th International Conference Fracture, 3-7 Dec 2001, Honolulu, USA, CD-ROM.
303. Lippmann N. (1995), Beitrag zur Untersuchung des Bruchverhaltens von Werkzeugen aus Schnellarbeitsstählen unter statischer Beanspruchung, Dissertation, Freiberg.
304. Lehmann A. (1995), Modellierung des Bruchverhaltens von Schnellarbeitsstählen unter Beachtung bauteilspezifischer Einflüsse, Diplomarbeit, TU Bergakademie Freiberg.
305. N. Lippmann, A. Lehmann, Th. Steinkopff and H.-J. Spies (1996), Modelling the Fracture Behaviour of High Speed Steels under Static Loading, Comp. Mat. Sci., 7, pp. 123-130.
306. Plankensteiner AF, Böhm HJ, Rammerstorfer FG and Buryachenko VA (1996), Hierarchical modelling of high speed steels as layer-structured particulate MMCs, J de Physique IV, 6, pp. 395-402.
307. Plankensteiner AF, Böhm HJ, Rammerstorfer FG and Pettermann HE (1998), Multiscale modelling of highly heterogeneous particulate MMCs, Proc 2nd Europ Conf Mechanics of Materials, Magdeburg, pp. 291-298.
308. Broeckmann C (1994), Bruch karbidreicher Stähle - Experiment und FEM-Simulation unter Berücksichtigung des Gefüges, Dissertation, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum.
309. Gross-Weege A, Weichert D and Broeckmann C (1996), Finite Element simulation of crack initiation in hard two-phase materials, Comput Mat Sci, 5, pp. 126-142.
310. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Lippmann N. and Schmauder S., Mesomechanical Simulation of Crack Propagation in Real and Quasi-Real Idealized Microstructures of Tool Steels, Proc. 13th Europ. Conf. Fracture "Fracture Mechanics : Applications and Challenges", 6th - 9th September, 2000, San Sebastián, Spain, CD-ROM.
311. Schmauder S. and Mishnaevsky L. (2001), Damage in Metallic Multiphase Materials: Mechanisms and Mesomechanics, MPA Stuttgart, Preprint, p. 110.
312. Iung I, Petitgand H, Grange M and Lemaire E (1996), Mechanical behaviour of multiphase materials Numerical simulations and experimental comparisons, Proc IUTAM Symposium on Micromechanics of Plasticity and Damage in Multiphase Materials, Kluwer, pp. 99-106.
313. Mishnaevsky Jr. L., Mintchev O. and Schmauder S. FE-Simulation of Crack Growth Using a Damage Parameter and The Cohesive Zone Concept, In: "ECF 12 - Fracture from Defects", Proc. 12th European Conference Fracture (Sheffield, 1998). Eds. M.W. Brown, E.R. de los Rios and K. J. Miller. London, EMAS, Vol. 2, pp. 1053-1059.
314. Tvergaard V. and Hutchinson J.W. (1988), Effect of T-Stress on Mode I Crack Growth Resistance in a Ductile Solid, Int. J. Solids Struct. 31, 6, pp. 823-833.
315. Weihe S., Kröplin B., and de Borst R. (1998), Classification of Smeared Crack Models Based on Material and Structural Properties. Int. J. Solids and Structures, 35, 12, pp. 1289-1308.
316. Carter, P. B., Wawrzynek J. A, Ingraffea A.R., (2000), "Automated 3D Crack Growth Simulation" Gallagher Special Issue of Int. J. Num. Meth. Engng. Vol 47, pp. 229-253.
317. Xia L., Shih C. F., and Hutchinson J. W. (1995), A computational approach to ductile crack growth under large scale yielding conditions. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 43, 3, pp. 389-413.
318. Xia L., and Shih C. F (1995), Ductile crack growth II. Void nucleation and geometry effects on macroscopic fracture behavior. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 43, 11, pp. 1953-1981.
319. Broberg K.B. (1997), The Cell Model of Materials, Computational Mechanics, 19, 7, pp. 447-452.
320. Barker L. M. (1981), Short Rod and Short Bar Fracture Toughness Specimen Geometries and Test Methods for Metallic Materials, Fracture Mechanics ASTM STP 743, pp. 456-475.
321. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. and Schmauder S. (1999), SEM-in-situ- Experiments on the Deformation and Fracture of Cold Work and High Speed Steels, Report for Boehler Edelstahl GmbH, MPA, p. 35.
322. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. and Schmauder S., Optimization of Fracture Resistance of Ledeburitic Tool Steels: A Fractal Approach "Steels and Materials for Power Plants", Ed.: ROMAT-99, Vol. 7, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim.
323. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. (1998), Damage and fracture of heterogeneous materials, Balkema, Rottterdam.
324. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. (1996), Determination for the Time to Fracture of Solids, Int. J. Fracture, 79, 4, pp. 341-350.
325. Xie H. (1993), Fractals in Rock Mechanics, Balkema, Rottterdam.
326. Mishnaevsky L. Jr, Shioya T. (2001), Optimization of Materials Microstructures: Information Theory Approach, Journal of the School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Vol. 48, pp. 1-13.
327. Suresh S. (1998), Fatigue of Materials, Cambridge University Press.
328. Mishnaevsky Jr. L. (1997), Methods of the Theory of Complex Systems in Modelling of Fracture: A Brief Review, Eng. Fract. Mech. 56 :, pp. 47-56.
329. Doscha H. (1987), Technische Keramik in Produktion und Entwicklung, Metall 41, p. 502.
330. Elssner G (1989), Ceramography and metallography of transition zones between ceramics and metals, Prakt. Met. 26, p. 202.
331. Elssner G., Korn D. Rühle M. (1994), The influence of interface impurities on fracture energy of UHV diffusion bonded metal-ceramic bicrystals, Scripta Metall. Mater. 30, p. 1037.
332. Hao S., Schwalbe K.H., Cormec A. (2000), Effect of yield strength mis-match on the fracture analysis of welded joints: Slip-line solutions for pure bending, Int. J. Solids Struct. 32, p. 5385.
333. Kohnle C., Mintchev O., Brunner D., Schmauder S. (2000), Fracture of metal/ceramic interfaces, Comput. Mater. Sci. 19, p. 261.
334. Kohnle C., Mintchev O., Brunner D, Schmauder S (2000), Fracture of metal/ceramic interfaces, in: Proc. Material Week.
335. ABAQUS Version 5.8, Hibbitt, Karlsson, Sorensen.
336. Mintchev O., Rammerstorfer F.G. (1996), Microbuckling and delamination effects on the compression behaviour of materials with layered microstructure, in: Proc. 8th. Int. Symp. on Continuum Models on Discrete Systems (CMDS8), p. 250.
337. Mintchev O., Rohde J., Schmauder S (1998), Mesomechanical simulation of crack propagation through graded ductile zones in hardmetals, Comput. Mater. Sci. 13, p. 81.
338. O'Dowd N.P., Shih C.F., Stout M.G. (1992), Test geometries for measuring interfacial fracture toughness, Int. J. Solids Struct. 29, p. 571.
339. Needleman A. (1987), A continuum model for void nucleation by inclusion debonding, J. Appl. Mech. 54, p. 525.
340. Available from .
341. Ramberg W., Osgood W.R. (1945), Description of stress-strain curves by three parameters, NASA Technical Note No 902.
342. Othens P J, Jenkins M L and Smith G D W (1994), Phil. Mag. A 70, p. 1.
343. Osetsky Y N and Serra A (1996), Phil. Mag. A 73, p. 249.
344. Ackland G J, Bacon D J, Calder A F and Harry T (1997), Phil. Mag. 75, p. 713.
345. Daw M S and Baskes M I (1984) Phys. Rev. B 29, p. 6443.
346. Farkas D (1994) Modelling Simulation Mater. Sci. Eng. 2, p. 975.
347. Simonelli G, Pasionot R and Savino E J (1993), Mater Res. Soc. Proc. 291, p. 567.
348. Voter A F (1993), Los Alamos Unclassified Technical Report 93-3901 Los Alamos National Laboratory.
349. Rose J H, Smith J R, Guinea F and Ferrante J (1984), Phys. Rev. B 29, p. 2963.
350. Johnson R A (1990), Implication of the EAM format Many atom interaction in solids (Springer Proceedings in Physics 48) (Berlin: Springer) p 85.
351. Osetsky Y N and Serra A (1997), Phil. Mag. 75, p. 1097.
352. Kraft T, Marcus P M, Methfessel M and Scheffler M T (1993): Phys. Rev. B 48, p. 5886.
353. Brauer G and Popp K (1987), Phys. Status Solidi a 102, p. 79.
354. Hultgren R, Desai P D, Hawkins D T, Gleiser M and Kelley K K (1973), Selected Values of the ThermodynamicProperties of Binary Alloys (Metals Park, OH: ASM).
355. Farkas D and Rodriguez P L (1994), Scripta Met. 30, p. 921.
356. Farkas D, Schon C G, deLima M S F and Goldenstein H (1996), Acta Met. 44, p. 409.
357. Chen J K, Farkas D and Reynolds W T Jr. (1994), Solid-State Phase Transformations ed W C Johnson et al (Warrendale, PA: The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society) p. 1097.
358. Mullins M and Dokainish M A (1982), Phil. Mag. A 46, p. 771.
359. Mullins M (1984), Acta Metall. 12, p. 381.
360. Doyama M (1995), Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Rev. B 102, p. 107.
361. Kohlhoff S and Schmauder S (1989) Atomistic Simulation of Materials ed V Vitek and D J Srolovitz (New York: Plenum).
362. Kohlhoff S, Gumbsch P and Fischmeister H F (1991) Phil. Mag. A 64 851, p. 586 S Y Hu et al.
363. Cheung K S and Yip S (1990), Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, p. 2804.
364. Machova A (1992), Mater. Sci. Eng. A 149, p. 153.
365. Machova A (1996), Mater. Sci. Eng. A 206, p. 279.
366. Holian L and Ravelo R (1995), Phys. Rev. B 51 11, p. 275.
367. Cheung K S and Yip S (1994), Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2, p. 865.
368. Yanagida N and Watanabe O (1996), JSME Int. J. A 39, p. 321.
369. Baskes M I, Hoagland R G and Needleman A (1992), Mater. Sci. Eng. A 159, p. 1.
370. Wang N J (1996), Mater. Sci. Eng. A 206, p. 259.
371. Simonelli G, Pasianot R and Savino E J (1993) Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 291, p. 567.
372. Courtney T H (1990), Mechanical Behaviour of Materials (New York: McGraw-Hill).
373. Sato A, Nakamura Y and Mori T (1980) Acta Metall. 28, p. 1077.
374. Stein D F, Low J R Jr. and Seybolt A U (1966) Acta Metall. 16, p. 1183.
375. Stein D F and Low J R Jr. (1963) Acta Metall. 11, p. 1253.
376. Brunner D and Diehl J (1992) Z. Metall. 83, p. 827.
377. Daw M.S., Baskes M.I. (1984), Phys. Rev. B 29, p.12.
378. Kohlhoff S., Schmauder S. (1989), in: V. Vitek, D.J. Srolovitz (Eds.), Atomistic Simulation of Materials, Plenum, New York.
379. Kohlhoff S., Gumbsch P., Fischmeister H.F. (1991), Philos. Mag. A 64, p. 851.
380. Fischmeister H.F., Exner H.E., Poech M.H., Kohlho S.., Gumbsch P., Schmauder S., Sigl, L.S. Spiegler R. (1989), Zeitschrift für Metallkunde, Bd. 80 H. 12, p. 839.
381. Kitagawa H., Nakatani A. (1991), Mechanical Behaviour of Materials VI, p. 111.
382. M. Mullins (1984), Acta Metall. Mater. 32, p. 381.
383. Schmauder S., Ludwig M., Farrissey L., Hu S. (1997), in: Proceedings of Research in Structural Strength and NDE-Problems in Nuclear Engineering, Stuttgart.
384. Hu S.Y., Ludwig M., Kizler P., Schmauder S. (1998), Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 6, p. 567.
385. De Hosson J.Th.M. (1996), Computer modelling of dislocations, grain-boundaries and interfaces: its relevance for mechanical properties, in: Workshop Notes, Ameland, Holland.
386. Spaczer M., Van Swygenhoven H., Caro A. (1998), in: MRS'98 Fall Meeting, Boston.
387. Asaro R.J., Appl J.(1983), Mech. 50, p. 921.
388. McHugh P.E., Asaro R.J., Shih C.F. (1993), Acta Metall. Mater. 41, p. 1461.
389. Voter A.F. (1993), Los Alamos unclassified tech report 93-9001, Los Alamos National Laboratory.
390. Kohlhoff S., Schmauder S., Gumbsch P. (1990), Bonding, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Metal-Ceramic Interfaces, Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 63-70.
391. Kohlhoff S. (1988), LARSTRAN - A tool in material sciences, in: Proceedings of the International Finite Element Method Congress, Baden-Baden, Germany.
392. O'Regan T.L., Quinn D.F., Howe M.A., McHugh P.E. (1997), Comput. Mech. 20, p. 115-121.
393. Quinn D.F., McHugh P.E., Thesis Ph.D. (1998), National University of Ireland, Galway.
394. Talyor G.I. (1938), J. Inst. Met. 62, p. 307.
395. Cahn R.W., Haasen P., Kramer E. (1993), Materials Science and Technology, vol. 1: Structure of Solids, Weinheim.
396. Crepin J., Breatheau T., Caldemaison D. (1996), Acta Metall. Mater. 44 (12), p. 4927.
397. Hu S Y, Ludwig M, Kizler P and Schmauder S (1998), Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 6, p. 567 and further references therein.
398. Russell K C and Brown C M (1972), Acta Metall. 20, p. 969.
399. Pretorius T, Rönnpagel D and Nembach E (1998), Proc. 19th Risø Int. Symp. on Materials Science: Modelling of Structure and Mechanics of Materials from Microscale to Product ed J V Christensen et al (Roskilde, Denmark: Risø National Laboratory), p. 443.
400. Kelly A and Nicholson (1971), Strengthening Methods in Crystals (Amsterdam: Elsevier).
401. Uhlmann D, Kizler P and Schmauder S (1998), Proc. 19th Risø Int. Symp. on Materials Science: Modelling of Structure and Mechanics of Materials from Microscale to Product ed J V Christensen et al (Roskilde, Denmark: Risø National Laboratory) p. 529.
402. Kizler P, Uhlmann D and Schmauder S (2000) Nucl. Eng. Design 196, p. 175.
403. Hirth J P and Lothe J (1982), Theory of Dislocations (New York: Wiley).
404. Hull D and Bacon D J (1984), Introduction to Dislocations (Oxford: Pergamon).
405. Suzuki T, Takeuchi S and Yoshinaga H (1985), Dislocation Dynamics and Plasticity (Berlin: Springer).
406. Suzuki T, Takeuchi S and Yoshinaga H (1985) Dislocation Dynamics and Plasticity (Berlin: Springer) ch 6.3, p. 1.
407. Kohlhoff S and Schmauder S (1989), Atomistic Simulation of Materials ed V Vitek and D J Srolovitz (New York: Plenum).
408. Kohlhoff S, Gumbsch P and Fischmeister H F 1991 Phil. Mag. A 64, p. 851.
409. Stroh A N (1962), J. Math. Phys. 41, p. 77.
410. Ludwig M, Farkas D, Pedraza D and Schmauder S (1998), Modelling Simul. Mater Sci. Eng. 6, p. 19.
411. Daw M S and Baskes M I (1984) Phys. Rev. B 29, p. 6443.
412. Voter A F and Chen S P (1987) Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 82, p. 175.
413. Voter A F Los Almos Unclassified Technical Report #LA-UR-93-3901.
414. Schroll R, Vitek V and Gumbsch P (1998) Acta Mater 46, p. 917.
415. Nembach E (1997) Particle Strengthening of Metals and Alloys (New York: Wiley) ch 5, p. 2.
416. Chang R and Graham L J (1966) Phys. Status Solidi 18, p. 99.
417. Brunner D and Diehl J (1992) Z. Metallkd. 83, p. 828.
418. Othen P J, Jenkins M L and Smith G D W (1994) Phil. Mag. 70, p. 1.
419. Brown L. M. and Ham R K (1971) Strengthening Methods in Crystals ed A Kelly and R B Nicholson (Amsterdam: Elsevier) p. 12.
420. Bucki, M., Novak, Y., Savitsky, Y.M., Burkhanov, G.S. and Kirillova, Y.M. (1979), Workhardening in tungsten single crystals between 77 and 1343K. Strength of Metals and Alloys. Proceedings of the 5th international Conference, xxx+760, pp. 145-150.
421. Chou, Y.T. (1967), Dislocation pile-ups against a locked dislocation of different Burgers vector. Journal of Applied Physics 38, pp. 2080-2085.
422. CordweIl, J.E. and Rull, D. (1972), Observation of {110} cleavage in (110) axis tungsten single crystals. Philosophical Magazine 26(1), pp. 215-224.
423. Eshelby, J.D. (1957), The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems. Proceedings, Royal Society London A241, pp. 376-396. MD study on low temperature brittleness 157.
424. Eshelby, J.D., Frank, F.C. and Nabarro, F.R.N. (1951), The equilibrium of linear arrays of dislocations, Philosophical Magazine 42, pp. 351-364.
425. Finnis, M.W. and Sinclair, J.E. (1984), A simple empirical N-body potential for transition metals. Philosophical Magazine ASO, pp. 45-55.
426. Furuya, Y. and Noguchi, H. (1998), A combined method of molecular dynamics with micromechanics improved by moving the molecular dynamics region successively in the simulation of elastic-plastic crack propagation. International Journal of Fracture 94, pp. 17-31.
427. Furuya, Y. and Noguchi, H. (1999), Simulation of crack propagation with (molecular dynamics + micromechanics) model. Proceedings of 9th CIMTEC 18, pp. 57-64.
428. George A. and Michot, G. (1993), Dislocation loops at crack tips: nucleation and growth - An experimental study in silicon. Materials Science and Engineering A164, pp. 118-134.
429. Gumbsch, P., Riedle, J., Hartmaier, A. and Fischmeister, H. (1998), Controlling factors for the brittle-to-ductile transition in tungsten single crystals. Science 282, pp. 1293-1295.
430. Ha, K.F., Yang, C. and Bao, J.S. (1994), Effect of dislocation density on the ductile-brittle transition in bulk Fe-3%Si single crystals. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 30(8), 1065-1070.
431. Hirsch, P.B. and Roberts, S.G. (1991), The brittle-to-ductile transition in silicon. Philosophical Magazine A64, pp. 55-80.
432. Hirth, J.P., Hoagland, K.G. and Gehlen, P.C. (1974), The interaction between line force arrays and planar cracks. International Journal of Solids and Structures 10(9), pp. 977-984.
433. John, C.St. (1975), The brittle-to-ductile transition in precleaved silicon single crystals. Philosophical Magazine 32, pp. 1193-1212.
434. Kohlhoff, S., Gumbsch, P. and Fichmeister, H.F. (1991), Crack propagation in b.c.c. crystals studied with a combined finite-element and atomistic model. Philosophical Magazine 64(4), pp. 851-878.
435. Kohlhoff, S. and Schmauder, S. (1988), A new method for coupled elastic-atomistic modeling. (Edited by . Vitek and DJ. Srolovitz), Large Atomistic Simulation of Materials - Beyond Pair Potentials - Plenum Press, New York, pp. 411-418.
436. Lekhnitski, S.G. (1968), Anisotropie Plates Gordon and Breach, New York.
437. Maeda, K. (1992), Effect of crack blunting on dislocation-mobility- controlled brittle-ductile transition. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 27, pp. 805-809.
438. Michot, G., Loyola de Oliveria, M.A. and George, A. (1994), Dislocation loops at crack tips: control and analysis of sources in silicon. Materials Science and Engineering A176, pp. 99-109.
439. Mullins, M. and Dokanish, F. (1982), Simulation of the (001) Plane Crack in a-Iron Employing a New Boundary Scheme. Philosophical Magazine 46(5), pp. 771-787.
440. Mullins, M. (1982), Molecular dynamics simulation of propagating cracks. Scrip ta Metallurgica 16, pp. 663-666.
441. Mura, T. (1968), The continuum theory of dislocations. Advances in Materials Research (edited by H. Herman H.), Interscience Publ., New York, pp. 1-107.
442. Narita, N., Higashida, K., Torii, T. and Miyaki, S. (1989), Crack-tip shielding by dislocations and fracture toughness in NaCl crystals. Materials Transactions, JIM 30, pp. 895- 907.
443. Noguchi, H. and Furuya, Y. (1997), A method of seamlessly combining a crack tip molecular dynamics enc1ave with a linear elastic outer domain in simulating elastic-plastic crack advance. International Journal of Fracture 87, pp. 309-329.
444. Rice, J.K. (1974), Limitations to the small scale yielding approximation for crack tip plasticity. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 22, pp. 17-26.
445. Rice, J.R. (1992), Dislocation nuc1eation from a crack tip: An analysis based on the Peierls concept. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 40, pp. 239-271.
446. Rice, J.R. and Beltz, G.E. (1994), The activation energy for dislocation nucleation at a crack tip. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 42, pp. 333-360.
447. Rice, J.K. and Thomson, R. (1974), Ductile versus brittle behavior of crystals. Philosophical Magazine 29, pp. 73-97.
448. Riedle, J., Gumbsch, P. and Fischmeister, H.F. (1994), Fracture studies of tungsten single crystals. Materials Letters 20, pp. 311-317.
449. Sinclair, J.E., Gehlen, P.C., Hoagland, K.G. and Hirth, J.P. (1978), Flexible boundary conditions and nonlinear geometric effects in atomic dislocation modeling. Journal of Applied Physics 49(7), pp. 3890-3897.
450. Xu, G. and Argon, A.S. (1995), Nuc1eation of dislocations from crack tips under mixed modes of loading: implications for brittle against ductile behavior of crystals. Philosophical Magazine A72, pp. 415-451.
451. Yang, W., Tan, H. and Guo, T. (1994), Evolution of crack tip process zones. Modeling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 2, pp.767-782.
452. Zhou, S.J. and Thomson, R. (l991), Dislocation emission at ledges on cracks. Journal of Materials Research 6, pp. 639-653.
453. Altpeter I., Dobmann G., Katerbau K.-H., Schick M., Binkele P., Kizler P., Schmauder S. (2001): Copper precipitates in 15 NiCuMoNb 5 (WB36) steel: material properties and microstructure, atomistic simulation, and micromagnetic NDE techniques, Nucl. Eng. Des. 206, pp. 337-350.
454. Kittel C. (1976), Introduction to Solid State Physics, Wiley, New York.
455. Kizler P., Uhlmann D., Schmauder S. (2000): Linking nanoscale and macroscale: calculation of the change in crack growth resistance of steels with different states of Cu precipitation using a modification of stress-strain curves owing to dislocation theory, Nucl. Eng. Des. 196, pp. 175-183.
456. Landolt-Börnstein (1991), Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, in: H. Ullmaier (Ed.), Atomic Defects in Metals, vol. 25, Springer- Verlag, Heidelberg.
457. Landolt-Börnstein (1991): Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, in: H. Mehrer (Ed.), Diffusion in Solids, Metals and Alloys, vol. 26, Springer- Verlag, Heidelberg.
458. Othens P.J., Jenkins M.L., Smith G.D.W. (1994): High-resolution electron microscopy studies of the structure of Cu precipitates in a-Fe, Philos. Mag. A 70, pp. 1-24.
459. Press W.H., Teukolsky S.A., Vetterling W.T., Flannery B.P. (1992): Numerical Recipes in Fortran, second ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
460. Pizzini S., Roberts K.J., Phythian W.J., English C.A., Greaves G.N. (1990): A fluorescence EXAFS study of the structure of copper-rich precipitates in Fe-Cu and Fe-Cu- Ni alloys, Philos. Mag. Lett. 61, pp. 223-229.
461. Russel K.C., Brown L.M. (1972): A dispersion strengthening model based on different elastic moduli applied to the Fe- Cu system, Acta Met. 20, pp. 969-974.
462. Schick M., Wiedemann J., Willer D. (1997), Untersuchungen zur sicherheitstechnischen Bewertung von geschweissten Komponenten aus Werkstoff 15 NiCuMoNb 5 (WB36) im Hinblick auf die Zähigkeitsabnahme unter Betriebsbeanspruchung, Technischer Bericht, MPA Stuttgart.
463. Smithell C.J. (1983): in: E.A. Brandes (Ed.), Smithells Metals Reference Book, sixth ed., Butterworths, London.
464. Soisson F., Barbu A., Martin G. (1996), Monte-Carlo simulations of copper precipitates in dilute iron-copper alloys during thermal ageing and under electron irradiation, Acta Mater. 44, pp. 3789-3800.
465. Thermo-Calc AB, Stockholm Technology Park, Björnnesväagen 21, SE-11347 Stockholm, Sweden, http://www.thermocalc.se.
466. Willer D., Zies G., Kuppler D., Föhl J., Katerbau K.-H. (2001), Service-Induced Changes of the Properties of Copper- Containing Ferritic Pressure-Vessel and Piping Steels, Final Report, MPA Stuttgart.
467. S. Ziegler, private communication, 02/2000.
468. Ross E.W, Sims C.T, (1987), In: Sims C.T., Stoloff N.S., Hagel W.C. (Eds.), Superalloys II, Wiley, New York.
469. Nedelcu S., Kizler P., Schmauder S., Moldovan N. (2000), Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 8, p. 181.
470. Osetsky Y.N., Bacon D.J., Mohles V. (2003), Philos. Mag. 83, p. 3623.
471. Kohler C., Kizler P., Schmauder S. (2005), Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 13, p. 35.
472. Yashiro K., Naito M., Tomita Y. (2002), Int. J. Mech. Sci. 44, p. 1845.
473. Nembach E. (1997), Particle Strengthening of Metals and Alloys, Wiley, New York and Chichester.
474. Daw M.S., Baskes M.I. (1984), Phys. Rev. B 29, p. 6443.
475. Voter A.F., Chen S.P. (1987), Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 82, p. 175.
476. Clarke A.S., Jonsson H. (1993), Phys. Rev. E47, p. 3975.