A pocket guide to epidemiology

A Pocket Guide to Epidemiology

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-281

  Kleinbaum, David G ^a   Sullivan, Kevin M ^a   Barker, Nancy D ^b  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84892244178     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-45966-0     Document Type: Book

References (147)

1. Corbett SJ, Rubin GL, Curry GK, Kleinbaum DG. The health effects of swimming at Sydney Beaches. The Sydney Beach Users Study Advisory Group. Am J Public Health. 1993;83(12):1701-6.
2. Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE. Moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1987;316(19):1174-80.
3. Mahoney FJ, Hoge CW, Farley TA, Barbaree JM, Breiman RF, Benson RF, McFarland LM. Communitywide outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a grocery store mist machine. J Infect Dis. 1992;165(4):736-9.
4. Hofman A, Grobbee DE, de Jong PT, van den Ouweland FA. Determinants of disease and disability in the elderly: the Rotterdam Elderly Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 1991;7(4);403-22.
5. Ott A, Slooter AJ, Hofman A, van Harksamp F, Witteman JC, Van Broeckhoven C, van Duijin CM, Breteler MM. Smoking and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a population-based cohort study: the Rotterdam Study. Lancet. 1998;351(9119):1840-3.
6. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329(14):977-86.
7. Feinleib M, The Framingham study: sample selection, follow-up, and methods of analysis, in National Cancer Institute Monograph, No. 67, Greenwald P (editor), US Department of Health and Human Services, 1985.
8. Dorgan JF, Brown C, Barrett M, et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer in the Framingham Heart Study, Am J Epidemiol 1994;139(7):662-9.
9. Margolis JR, Gillum RF, Feinleib M, et al. Community surveillance for coronary heart disease: the Framingham Cardiovascular Disease Survey. Methods and preliminary results. Am J Epidemiol 1974;100(6):425-36.
10. Schnorr TM, Grajewski BA, Hornung RW, et al. Video display terminals and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1991;324(11):727-33.
11. in t' Veld BA, Ruitenberg A, Hofman A, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345(21):1515-21.
12. Waldman RJ, Hall WN, McGee H, Van Amburg G. Aspirin as a risk factor in Reye's syndrome. JAMA 1982;247(22):3089-94.
13. Halpin TJ, Holtzhauer FJ, Campbell RJ, et al. Reye's syndrome and medication use. JAMA 1982;248(6):687-91.
14. Daniels SR, Greenberg RS, Ibrahim MA. Scientific uncertainties in the studies of salicylate use and Reye's syndrome. JAMA 1983;249(10):1311-6.
15. Hurwitz ES, Barrett MJ, Bregman D, et al. Public Health Service study of Reye's syndrome and medications. Report of the main study. JAMA 1987;257(14):1905-11.
16. Forsyth BW, Horwitz RI, Acampora D, et al. New epidemiologic evidence confirming that bias does not explain the aspirin/Reye's syndrome association. JAMA 1989;261(17):2517-24
17. van Duijn CM, Delasnerie-Laupretre N, Masullo C, et al. Case-control study of risk factors of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Europe during 1993-95. European Union (EU) Collaborative Study Group of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Lancet 1998;351(9109):1081-5.
18. Will RG, Ironside JW, Zeidler M, et al. A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK. Lancet 1996;347(9006):921-5.
19. Checkoway H, Pearce N, Dement JM. Design and conduct of occupational epidemiology studies: II. Analysis of cohort data. Am J Ind Med 1989;115(4):375-94.
20. Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, et al. Medical Epidemiology (3rd Ed). Lange Medical Books, New York, 2001.
21. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
22. Smith WCS, Woodward M, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Intermittent claudication in Scotland, in Epidemiology of Peripheral Vascular Disease. (ed FGR Fowkes.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1991
23. Coates RJ, Weiss NS, Daling JR, et al. Cancer risk in relation to serum copper levels. Cancer Res 1989;49(15):4353-6.
24. Linn JT, Wang LY, Wang JT, et al. A nested case-control study on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer risk in a cohort of 9775 men in Taiwan. Anticancer Res 1995;15:603-6.
25. Maclure M, Mittleman MA. Should we use a case-crossover design? Annu Rev Public Health 2000;21:193-221.
26. Maclure M. The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133(2):144-53.
27. Redelmeier DA, Tibshirani RJ. Association between cellular-telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions. N Eng J Med 1997;336(7):453-8.
28. CDC. Summary of notifiable diseases in the United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1990;38(54):1-59.
29. Morgenstern H. Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods. Ann Rev Public Health 1995;16:61-81.
30. Mancuso TF, Stewart A, Kneale G. Radiation exposures of Hanford workers dying from cancer and other causes. Health Phys 1977;33:369-85.
31. Blalock HM, Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research, Chapter 1, Norton Publishing, 1964.
32. Chalmers I, Altman DG (eds.), Systematic Reviews, BMJ Publishing Group, London, 1995.
33. Chalmers TC. Problems induced by meta-analyses. Stat Med 1991;10(6):971-80.
34. Hill AB, Principles of Medical Statistics, 9th Edition, Chapter 24, Oxford University Press, 1971.
35. Lipsey MW, Wilson DB. Practical meta-analysis. Applied Social Research Methods Series; Vol. 49. Sage Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA: 2001.
36. Mosteller F, Colditz GA. Understanding research synthesis (meta-analysis). Annu Rev Public Health 1996;17:1-23.
37. Petitti DB, Meta-analysis Decision Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis; Methods for Quantitative Synthesis in Medicine, Oxford University Press, 1994.
38. Popper KR, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Harper and Row Publishers, 1968.
39. Rothman KJ. Causes. Am J Epidemiol 1976;104(6):587-92.
40. Susser M, Causal Thinking in the Health Sciences, Oxford University Press, 1973.
41. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Smoking and Health, PHS Publ. No. 1103, Government Printing, Washington DC, 1964.
42. Weiss NS. Inferring causal relationships: elaboration of the criterion of dose-response. Am J Epidemiol 1981;113(5):487-90.
43. Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, Eley JW, Boring JR. Medical Epidemiology (3rd Ed). Lange Medical Books, New York, 2001.
44. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
45. Ulm K. A simple method to calculate the confidence interval of a standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Am J Epidemiol 1990;131(2):373-5.
46. Miettinen O. Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. Am J Epidemiol 1976;103(2):226-35
47. Giesbergen PCLM, de Rijk MC, van Swieten JC, et al. Incidence of parkinsonism and parkinson's disease in a general population: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol (in press).
48. Dawson-Saunders B, Trapp RG. Basic and Clinical Biostatistics, 2nd ed., Appleton and Lange, Stamford, CN, 1994.
49. Woodward M. Epidemiology: Study Design and Analysis, Chapter 4, pp. 157-167, Chapman and Hall, Boca Raton, FL, 1999.
50. Horsburgh CR, Jarvis JQ, McArthur T, Ignacio T, Stock P. Serconversion to human immunodeficiency virus in prison inmates. Am J Public Hlth 1990;80(2):209-210.
51. Doll R, and Hill AB. Smoking and carcinoma of lungs: preliminary report. Br Med J 1950;2:739-48.
52. Dyer AR, Stamler J, Shekelle RB. Serum cholesterol and mortality from coronary heart disease in young, middle-aged, and older men and women in three Chicago epidemiologic studies. Ann of Epidemiol 1992;2(1-2):51-7.
53. Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, Eley JW, Boring JR. Medical Epidemiology (3rd Ed). Lange Medical Books, New York, 2001.
54. Hammond EC, Horn D. The relationship between human smoking habits and death rates. JAMA 1958;155:1316-28.
55. Johansson S, Bergstrand R, Pennert K, Ulvenstam G, Vedin A, Wedel H, Wilhelmsson C, Wilhemsen L, Aberg A. Cessation of smoking after myocardial infarction in women. Effects on mortality and reinfarctions. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121(6):823-31.
56. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
57. Spika JS, Dabis F, Hargett-Bean N, Salcedo J, Veillard S, Blake PA. Shigellosis at a Caribbean Resort. Hamburger and North American origin as risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 1987;126(6):1173-80.
58. Steenland K (ed.). Case studies in occupational epidemiology. Oxford University Press, New York, NY: 1993.
59. Uitterlinden AG, Burger H, Huang Q, Yue F, McGuigan FE, Grant SF, Hofman A, van Leeuwen JP, Pols HA, Ralson SH. Relation of alleles of the collagen type I alpha1 gene to bone density and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1998;338(15):1016-21.
60. Wynder EL, Graham EA. Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma: a study of six hundred and eighty-four proved cases. JAMA 1950;143:329-36.
61. Benichou J, Chow WH, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS, and Fraumeni JF Jr. Population attributable risk of renal cell cancer in Minnesota. Am J Epidemiol 1988;148(5):424-30.
62. Cook RJ, Sackett DL. The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect. BMJ 1995;310(6977):452-4.
63. Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, Eley JW, Boring JR. Medical Epidemiology (3rd Ed). Lange Medical Books, New York, 2001.
64. Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med 2000;132(4):270-8.
65. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
66. Landrigan PJ, Epidemic measles in a divided city. JAMA 1972;221(6):567-70.
67. Medical Research Council trial of treatment of mild hypertension: principal results. MRC Working Party. BMJ 1985:291; 97-104.
68. Morgenstern H and Bursic ES,. A method for using epidemiologic data to estimate the potential impact of an intervention on the health status of a target population. J Community Health 1982;7(4):292-309.
69. Spirtas R, Heineman EF, Bernstein L, Beebe GW, Keehn RJ, Stark A, Harlow BL, Benichou J. Malignant mesothelioma: attributable risk of asbestos exposure. Occup Environ Med 1994;51(12):804-11.
70. Wacholder S, Benichou J, Heineman EF, Hartge P, Hoover RN. Attributable risk: advantages of a broad definition of exposure. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140(4):303-9..
71. Walter SD. Calculation of attributable risks from epidemiological data. Int J Epidemiol 1978;7(2):175-82.
72. Walter SD. Prevention for multifactorial diseases. Am J Epidemiol 1980;112(3):409-16.
73. Walter SD. Attributable risk in practice. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148(5):411-3.
74. Walter SD. Number needed to treat (NNT): estimation of a measure of clinical benefit. Stat Med 2001:20(24);3947-62.
75. Wilson PD, Loffredo CA, Correa-Villasenor A, Ferencz C. Attributable fraction for cardiac malformations. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148(5):414-23.
76. Berkson J. Limitations of the application of fourfold table analysis to hospital data. Biometrics Bulletin 1946;2:47-53.
77. Corbett SJ, Rubin GL, Curry GK, Kleinbaum DG. The health effects of swimming at Sydney Beaches. The Sydney Beach Users Study Advisory Group. Am J Public Health. 1993;83(12):1701-6.
78. Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, Eley JW, Boring JR. Medical Epidemiology (3rd Ed). Lange Medical Books, New York, 2001.
79. Hill H, Kleinbaum DG. Bias in Observational Studies. In Encyclopedia of Biostatistics, pp 323-329, Oxford University Press, 1999.
80. Horwitz RI, Feinstein AR. Alternative analytic methods for case-control studies of estrogens and endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med 1978;299(20):1089-94.
81. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
82. Perera FP, et al. Biologic markers in risk assessment for environmental carcinogens. Environ Health Persp 1991;90:247.
83. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results: II. The relationship of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. JAMA 1984;251(2):365-74.
84. Warner L, Clay-Warner J, Boles J, Williamson J. Assessing condom use practices. Implications for evaluating method and user effectiveness. Sex Transm Dis 1998;25(6):273-7.
85. Berkson J. Limitations of the application of fourfold table analysis to hospital data. Biometrics Bulletin 1946;2:47-53.
86. Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, Eley JW, Boring JR. Medical Epidemiology (3rd Ed). Lange Medical Books, New York, 2001.
87. Hill H, Kleinbaum DG. Bias in Observational Studies. In Encyclopedia of Biostatistics, pp 323-329, Oxford University Press, 1999.
88. Horwitz RI, Feinstein AR. Alternative analytic methods for case-control studies of estrogens and endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med 1978;299(20):1089-94.
89. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
90. Warner L, Clay-Warner J, Boles J, Williamson J. Assessing condom use practices. Implications for evaluating method and user effectiveness. Sex Transm Dis 1998;25(6):273-7.
91. Warner DL, Hatcher RA. A meta-analysis of condom effectiveness in reducing sexually transmitted HIV. Soc Sci Med 1994;38(8):1169-70.
92. Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, Eley JW, Boring JR. Medical Epidemiology (3rd Ed). Lange Medical Books, New York, 2001.
93. Hill H, Kleinbaum DG. Bias in Observational Studies. In Encyclopedia of Biostatistics, pp 323-329, Oxford University Press, 1999.
94. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
95. Barron, BA. The effects of misclassification on the estimation of relative risk. Biometrics 1977;33(2):414-8.
96. Copeland KT, Checkoway H, McMichael AJ and Holbrook RH. Bias due to misclassification in the estimation of relative risk. Am J Epidemiol 1977;105(5):488-95.
97. Dosemeci M, Wacholder S, and Lubin JH. Does nondifferential misclassification of exposure always bias a true effect toward the null value? Am J Epidemiol 1990:132(4):746-8.
98. Espeland MA, Hui SL. A general approach to analyzing epidemiologic data that contain misclassification errors. Biometrics 1987;43(4):1001-12.
99. Greenland S. The effect of misclassification in the presence of covariates. Am J Epidemiol 1980;112(4):554-69.
100. Greenland S, Kleinbaum DG. Correcting for misclassification in two-way tables and matched-pair studies. Int J Epidemiol 1983;12(1):93-7.
101. Reade-Christopher SJ, Kupper LL. Effects of exposure misclassification on regression analyses of epidemiologic follow-up study data. Biometrics 1991;47(2):535-48.
102. Satten GA and Kupper LL. Inferences about exposure-disease associations using probability-of-exposure information. J Am Stat Assoc 1993;88:200-8.
103. Wynder EL. Investigator bias and interviewer bias: the problem of reporting systematic error in epidemiology. J Clin Epidemiol 1994;47(8):825-7.
104. Hofman A, Ott A, Breteler MM, Bots ML, Slooter AJ, van Harksamp F, van Duijn CN, Van Broeckhoven C, Grobbee DE. Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 1997;349(9046):151-4.
105. Greenland S, Morgenstern H. Confounding in health research. Annu Rev Public Health 2001;22:189-212.
106. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
107. Miettinen O. Confounding and effect modification. Am J Epidemiol 1974;100(5):350-3.
108. Mundt KA, Shy CM. Interaction: An epidemiological perspective for risk assessment. In: Fan AM, Chang LW (eds.). Toxicology and risk assessment: Principles, methods, and applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, p. p. 329-351, 1996
109. Whittemore AS. Collapsibility of multidimensional contingency tables. J R Stat Soc B 1978;40:328-40.
110. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982 (Chapter 14).
111. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KA, Nizam A Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods, 3rd Edition. Duxbury Press, 1998. (Chapter 3 provides a compact review of basic statistics concepts and methods.)
112. Moore D. The Active Practice of Statistics. WH Freeman Publishers, 1997 (This book is designed specifically to go with ActivStats and matches it closely.)
113. Remington RD and Schork MA. Statistics with Applications to the Biological and Health Sciences. Prentice Hall Publishers, 1970.
114. Velleman P. ActivStats - A Multimedia Statistics Resource (CDROM), Addison-Wesley Publishers, 1998.
115. Weiss N. Introductory Statistics, 6th Edition. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Boston, 2002.
116. Fleiss JL. Confidence Intervals for the odds ratio in case-control studies: the state of the art. J Chronic Dis 1979;32(1-2):69-77.
117. Goodman SN. Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 1: The P value fallacy. Ann Intern Med 1999;130(12):995-1004.
118. Goodman SN. Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 2: The Bayes factor. Ann Intern Med 1999;130(2):1005-13.
119. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods, Chapter 15, John Wiley and Sons, 1982.
120. Miettinen O. Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. Am J Epidemiol 1976;103(2):226-235.
121. Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1959;22(4):719-48.
122. Thomas DG. Exact confidence limits for an odds ratio in a 2x2 table. Appl Stat 1971;20:105-10.
123. Feinstein AR. Clinical Biostatistics. Mosby Publishers, St. Louis, 1977.
124. Hoes AW, Grobbee DE, Valkenburg HA, Lubsen J, Hofman A. Cardiovascular risk and allcause mortality: a 12 year follow-up study in the Netherlands. Eur J EpidemioI 1993;9(3):285-92.
125. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
126. nd Ed. Springer Verlag Publishers, 2002.
127. Miettinen OS. Matching and design efficiency in retrospective studies. Am J Epidemiol 1970;91(2):111-8.
128. Clayton DG. Some odds ratio statistics for the analysis of ordered categorical data. Biometrika 1974;61:525-31.
129. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
130. Mantel N. Chi-square tests with one degree of freedom: Extensions of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure. J Am Stat Assoc 1963;58:690-700.
131. Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1959;22(4):719-48.
132. Rezende NA, Blumberg HM, Metzger BS, Larsen NM, Ray SM, and McGowan JE, Jr. Risk factors for methicillin-resistance among patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia at the time of hospital admission. Am J Med Sci 2002;323(3):117-23.
133. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume 1. The Analysis of Case-Control Studies. International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, 1980.
134. Brock KE, Berry G, Mock PA, MacLennan R, Truswell AS, Brinton LA. Nutrients in diet and plasma and risk of in situ cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988 Jun. 15; 80(8):580-5.
135. Diaz T, Nunez JC, Rullan JW, Markowitz LE, Barker ND, Horan J. Risk factors associated with severe measles in Puerto Rico. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992;11(10):836-40. (Example of frequency matching)
136. Donovan JW, MacLennan R, Adena M. Vietnam service and the risk of congenital anomalies. A case-control study. Med J Aust 1984;140(7):394-7.
137. Halpin TJ, Holtzhauer FJ, Campbell RJ, Hall LJ, Correa-Villasenor A, Lanese R, Rice J, Hurwitz ES. Reye's syndrome and medication use. JAMA 1982;248(6):687-91.
138. nd Ed. Springer Verlag Publishers, 2002.
139. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York, 1982.
140. Kupper LL, Karon JM, Kleinbaum DG, Morgenstern H, Lewis DK, Matching in epidemiologic studies: validity and efficiency considerations. Biometrics 1981;37(2):271-291.
141. McNeil D. Epidemiologic Research Methods. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, 1996. (Example of pair matching in a cohort study)
142. Miettinen OS. Individual matching with multiple controls in the case of all-or-none responses. Biometrics 1969;25(2):339-55.
143. Miettinen OS. Estimation of relative risk from individually matched series. Biometrics 1970;26(1):75-86.
144. Ury HK. Efficiency of case-control studies with multiple controls per case: continuous or dichotomous data. Biometrics 1975;31(3):643-9.
145. Maclure M, Mittleman MA. Should we use a case-crossover design? Annu Rev Public Health 2000;21:193-221.
146. Maclure M. The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133(2):144-53.
147. Redelmeier DA, Tibshirani RJ. Association between cellular-telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions. N Engl J Med 1997;336(7):453-8.