메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue , 1996, Pages 1-23

Understanding research synthesis (meta-analysis)

Author keywords

heterogeneity; meta analysis; overview; research synthesis; review; study design

Indexed keywords

DATA ANALYSIS; DECISION MAKING; MEDICAL RESEARCH; META ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW;

EID: 0029979270     PISSN: 01637525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pu.17.050196.000245     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (186)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 77049242855 scopus 로고
    • The powerful placebo
    • Beecher HK. 1955. The powerful placebo. JAMA 159:1602-6
    • (1955) JAMA , vol.159 , pp. 1602-1606
    • Beecher, H.K.1
  • 2
    • 0000385491 scopus 로고
    • Publication bias: A problem in interpreting medical data
    • Begg CB, Berlin JA. 1988. Publication bias: a problem in interpreting medical data. J. R. Stat. Soc. A 151:419-63
    • (1988) J. R. Stat. Soc. A , vol.151 , pp. 419-463
    • Begg, C.B.1    Berlin, J.A.2
  • 3
    • 9244241594 scopus 로고
    • Multiple-outcome meta-analysis of clinical trials
    • In press
    • Berkey C, Anderson J, Hoaglin D. 1995. Multiple-outcome meta-analysis of clinical trials. Stat. Med. In press
    • (1995) Stat. Med.
    • Berkey, C.1    Anderson, J.2    Hoaglin, D.3
  • 5
  • 6
    • 0025153095 scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease
    • Berlin JA, Colditz GA. 1990. A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Am. J. Epidemiol. 132:612-28
    • (1990) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.132 , pp. 612-628
    • Berlin, J.A.1    Colditz, G.A.2
  • 7
    • 0029645346 scopus 로고
    • The benefits of heterogeneity in meta-analysis of data from epidemiologic studies. Invited commentary
    • Berlin JA. 1995. The benefits of heterogeneity in meta-analysis of data from epidemiologic studies. Invited commentary. Am. J. Epidemiol. 142:383-87
    • (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.142 , pp. 383-387
    • Berlin, J.A.1
  • 8
    • 0028764074 scopus 로고
    • Advantages and limitations of metaanalytic regressions of clinical trials data
    • Berlin JA, Antman E. 1994. Advantages and limitations of metaanalytic regressions of clinical trials data. Online J. Curr. Clin. Trials, Vol. 3
    • (1994) Online J. Curr. Clin. Trials , vol.3
    • Berlin, J.A.1    Antman, E.2
  • 11
    • 0018569077 scopus 로고
    • The periodic health examination
    • Can. Task Force Period. Health Exam. 1979. The periodic health examination. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 121:1194-254
    • (1979) Can. Med. Assoc. J. , vol.121 , pp. 1194-1254
  • 13
    • 0023423821 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of clinical trials as a scientific discipline. II. Replicate variability and comparison of studies that agree and disagree
    • Chalmers TC, Berner J, Sacks HS, Levin H, Reitman D, Nagalingham R. 1987. Meta-analysis of clinical trials as a scientific discipline. II. Replicate variability and comparison of studies that agree and disagree. Stat. Med. 6:733-44
    • (1987) Stat. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 733-744
    • Chalmers, T.C.1    Berner, J.2    Sacks, H.S.3    Levin, H.4    Reitman, D.5    Nagalingham, R.6
  • 14
    • 9244220704 scopus 로고
    • Comparing results from the largest studies with meta-analyses of smaller studies
    • Abstr. 44A. Meet. Cochrane Collab. Hamilton, Ontario.
    • Chalmers TC, Lau J, Cappelleri JC, Schmid CH. 1994. Comparing results from the largest studies with meta-analyses of smaller studies. Abstr. 44A. Meet. Cochrane Collab. Hamilton, Ontario. Control. Clin. Trials 15(3S):63S
    • (1994) Control. Clin. Trials , vol.15 , Issue.3 S
    • Chalmers, T.C.1    Lau, J.2    Cappelleri, J.C.3    Schmid, C.H.4
  • 16
    • 0028471753 scopus 로고
    • Practice guidelines and practical judgement: The role of mega-trials, meta-analysis and consensus
    • Charlton BG. 1994. Practice guidelines and practical judgement: the role of mega-trials, meta-analysis and consensus. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 44:290-91
    • (1994) Br. J. Gen. Pract. , vol.44 , pp. 290-291
    • Charlton, B.G.1
  • 17
    • 0001143165 scopus 로고
    • Problems arising in the analysis of a series of similar experiments
    • Cochran WG. 1937. Problems arising in the analysis of a series of similar experiments. J. R. Stat. Soc. Suppl. 4: 102-18
    • (1937) J. R. Stat. Soc. Suppl. , vol.4 , pp. 102-118
    • Cochran, W.G.1
  • 18
    • 41049093347 scopus 로고
    • The combination of estimates from different experiments
    • Cochran WG. 1954. The combination of estimates from different experiments. Biometrics 10:101-29
    • (1954) Biometrics , vol.10 , pp. 101-129
    • Cochran, W.G.1
  • 19
    • 0029068308 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in vaccination of newborn and infants in the prevention of tuberculosis: Meta-analysis of the published literature
    • Colditz GA, Berkey CS, Mosteller F, Brewer TF, Wilson ME, et al. 1995. The efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in vaccination of newborn and infants in the prevention of tuberculosis: meta-analysis of the published literature. Pediatrics 96:29-35
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.96 , pp. 29-35
    • Colditz, G.A.1    Berkey, C.S.2    Mosteller, F.3    Brewer, T.F.4    Wilson, M.E.5
  • 20
    • 0028153628 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination in the prevention of tuberculosis: Meta-analysis of the published literature
    • Colditz GA, Brewer TF, Berkey CS, Wilson ME, Burdick E, et al. 1994. The efficacy of bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination in the prevention of tuberculosis: meta-analysis of the published literature. JAMA 271:698-702
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 698-702
    • Colditz, G.A.1    Brewer, T.F.2    Berkey, C.S.3    Wilson, M.E.4    Burdick, E.5
  • 21
    • 0029089575 scopus 로고
    • Commentary on heterogeneity in meta-analysis of data from epidemiologic studies
    • Colditz GA, Burdick E, Mosteller F. 1995. Commentary on heterogeneity in meta-analysis of data from epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Epidemiol. 142: 371-82
    • (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.142 , pp. 371-382
    • Colditz, G.A.1    Burdick, E.2    Mosteller, F.3
  • 22
    • 0027266756 scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: Results from epidemiologic studies
    • Colditz GA, Egan KM, Stampfer MJ. 1993. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: Results from epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Obstet. Gyn. 168:1473-80
    • (1993) Am. J. Obstet. Gyn. , vol.168 , pp. 1473-1480
    • Colditz, G.A.1    Egan, K.M.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 23
    • 0024190103 scopus 로고
    • Measuring gain in the evaluation of medical technology: The probability of a better outcome
    • Colditz GA, Miller JN, Mosteller F. 1988. Measuring gain in the evaluation of medical technology: The probability of a better outcome. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 4:637-42
    • (1988) Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care , vol.4 , pp. 637-642
    • Colditz, G.A.1    Miller, J.N.2    Mosteller, F.3
  • 24
    • 0024600423 scopus 로고
    • How study design affects outcomes in comparisons of therapy. 1. Medical
    • Colditz GA, Miller JN, Mosteller F. 1989. How study design affects outcomes in comparisons of therapy. 1. Medical. Stat. Med. 8:441-54
    • (1989) Stat. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 441-454
    • Colditz, G.A.1    Miller, J.N.2    Mosteller, F.3
  • 25
    • 0028895409 scopus 로고
    • Methodologic guidelines for systematic reviews of randomized control trials in health care from the Potsdam consultation on meta-analysis
    • Cook DJ, Sackett DL, Spitzer WO. 1995. Methodologic guidelines for systematic reviews of randomized control trials in health care from the Potsdam consultation on meta-analysis. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 48:161-71
    • (1995) J. Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.48 , pp. 161-171
    • Cook, D.J.1    Sackett, D.L.2    Spitzer, W.O.3
  • 29
    • 0028630783 scopus 로고
    • Iterative generalized least squares for meta-analysis of survival data at multiple times
    • Dear KBG. 1994. Iterative generalized least squares for meta-analysis of survival data at multiple times. Biometrics 50:989-1002
    • (1994) Biometrics , vol.50 , pp. 989-1002
    • Dear, K.B.G.1
  • 32
    • 0026524708 scopus 로고
    • Incorporating variations in the quality of individual randomized trials into meta-analysis
    • Detsky AS, Naylor CD, O'Rourke K, McGreer A, L'Abbe KA. 1992. Incorporating variations in the quality of individual randomized trials into meta-analysis. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 45: 255-65
    • (1992) J. Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.45 , pp. 255-265
    • Detsky, A.S.1    Naylor, C.D.2    O'Rourke, K.3    McGreer, A.4    L'Abbe, K.A.5
  • 34
    • 0028964587 scopus 로고
    • Misleading meta-analysis. Lessons from "an effective, safe, simple" intervention that wasn't
    • Egger M, Smith GD. 1995. Misleading meta-analysis. Lessons from "an effective, safe, simple" intervention that wasn't. Br. Med. J. 310:752-54
    • (1995) Br. Med. J. , vol.310 , pp. 752-754
    • Egger, M.1    Smith, G.D.2
  • 35
    • 0025600371 scopus 로고
    • An empirical study of the possible relation of treatment differences to quality scores in controlled randomized clinical trials
    • Emerson JD, Burdick E, Hoaglin DC, Mosteller F, Chalmers TC. 1990. An empirical study of the possible relation of treatment differences to quality scores in controlled randomized clinical trials. Control. Clin. Trials 11:339-52
    • (1990) Control. Clin. Trials , vol.11 , pp. 339-352
    • Emerson, J.D.1    Burdick, E.2    Hoaglin, D.C.3    Mosteller, F.4    Chalmers, T.C.5
  • 36
    • 51249164184 scopus 로고
    • A modified random-effects procedure for combining risk difference in sets of 2 x 2 tables from clinical trials
    • Emerson JH, Hoaglin DC, Mosteller F. 1993. A modified random-effects procedure for combining risk difference in sets of 2 x 2 tables from clinical trials. J. Ital. Stat. Soc. 2:269-290
    • (1993) J. Ital. Stat. Soc. , vol.2 , pp. 269-290
    • Emerson, J.H.1    Hoaglin, D.C.2    Mosteller, F.3
  • 37
    • 0029898189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple robust procedures for combining risk differences in sets of 2 x 2 tables
    • In press
    • 36a. Emerson JH, Hoaglin DC, Mosteller F. 1996. Simple robust procedures for combining risk differences in sets of 2 x 2 tables. Stat. Med. In press
    • (1996) Stat. Med.
    • Emerson, J.H.1    Hoaglin, D.C.2    Mosteller, F.3
  • 41
    • 0029651938 scopus 로고
    • Do small trials square with large ones?
    • Flournoy N, Olkin I. 1995. Do small trials square with large ones? Lancet 345:741-42
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 741-742
    • Flournoy, N.1    Olkin, I.2
  • 42
    • 0028487601 scopus 로고
    • Safety implications of bicycle paths at signalized intersections
    • Garder P, Leden L, Thedeen T. 1994. Safety implications of bicycle paths at signalized intersections. Accid. Anal. Prev. 26:429-39
    • (1994) Accid. Anal. Prev. , vol.26 , pp. 429-439
    • Garder, P.1    Leden, L.2    Thedeen, T.3
  • 43
    • 0003042806 scopus 로고
    • Progress in surgery and anesthesia: Benefits and risks of innovative therapy
    • ed. JP Bunker, BA Barnes, F Mosteller, App. 9-II, pp. 156-58 (classical ANOVA); App. 9-III, pp. 158-61 (Bayesian inference); data analysis App. 9-IV, pp. 161-63. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Gilbert JP, McPeek B, Mosteller F. 1977. Progress in surgery and anesthesia: benefits and risks of innovative therapy. In Costs Risk and Benefits of Surgery, ed. JP Bunker, BA Barnes, F Mosteller, pp. 130-38; App. 9-II, pp. 156-58 (classical ANOVA); App. 9-III, pp. 158-61 (Bayesian inference); data analysis App. 9-IV, pp. 161-63). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • (1977) Costs Risk and Benefits of Surgery , pp. 130-138
    • Gilbert, J.P.1    McPeek, B.2    Mosteller, F.3
  • 44
    • 0001466251 scopus 로고
    • Stochastically dependent effect sizes
    • ed. H Cooper, L Hedges, New York: Russell Sage Found
    • Gleser L, Olkin I. 1994. Stochastically dependent effect sizes. In The Handbook of Research Synthesis, ed. H Cooper, L Hedges, pp. 339-55. New York: Russell Sage Found.
    • (1994) The Handbook of Research Synthesis , pp. 339-355
    • Gleser, L.1    Olkin, I.2
  • 45
    • 0028488031 scopus 로고
    • Invited commentary: A critical look at some popular meta-analytic methods
    • Greenland S. 1994. Invited commentary: A critical look at some popular meta-analytic methods. Am. J. Epidemiol. 140:290-96
    • (1994) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.140 , pp. 290-296
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 48
    • 0028345189 scopus 로고
    • Resolving discrepancies among studies: The influence of dose on effect size
    • Hertz-Piccotto I, Neutra RR. 1994. Resolving discrepancies among studies: the influence of dose on effect size. Epidemiology 5:156-63
    • (1994) Epidemiology , vol.5 , pp. 156-163
    • Hertz-Piccotto, I.1    Neutra, R.R.2
  • 49
    • 0025209997 scopus 로고
    • Dietary factors and risk of breast cancer: Combined analysis of 12 case-control studies
    • Howe GR, Hirohata T, Hislop TG, Iscovich JM, Yuan JM, et al. 1990. Dietary factors and risk of breast cancer: combined analysis of 12 case-control studies. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.. 82:561-69
    • (1990) J. Natl. Cancer Inst.. , vol.82 , pp. 561-569
    • Howe, G.R.1    Hirohata, T.2    Hislop, T.G.3    Iscovich, J.M.4    Yuan, J.M.5
  • 51
    • 84972490741 scopus 로고
    • Selection models and the file drawer problem
    • Iyengar S, Greenhouse JB. 1988. Selection models and the file drawer problem. Stat. Sci. 3:109-35
    • (1988) Stat. Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 109-135
    • Iyengar, S.1    Greenhouse, J.B.2
  • 52
    • 9244234542 scopus 로고
    • Committee to review the adverse effects of Pertussis and Rubella vaccines
    • Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press
    • Inst. Med. 1991. Committee to review the adverse effects of Pertussis and Rubella vaccines. Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press
    • (1991) Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines
  • 53
    • 0242428318 scopus 로고
    • Committee to review the health effects in Vietnam veterans of exposure to herbicides
    • Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press
    • Inst. Med. 1994. Committee to review the health effects in Vietnam veterans of exposure to herbicides. Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides used in Vietnam. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press
    • (1994) Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam
  • 55
    • 0028932732 scopus 로고
    • ISIS-4: A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58050 patients with suspected cute myocardial infarction
    • ISIS-4 Collaborative Group. 1995. ISIS-4: a randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58050 patients with suspected cute myocardial infarction. Lancet 345:669-85
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 669-685
  • 57
    • 0025210579 scopus 로고
    • Comparative diagnostic performance of three radiological procedures for the detection of lumbar disk herniation
    • Kardaun JWPF, Kardaun OJWF. 1990. Comparative diagnostic performance of three radiological procedures for the detection of lumbar disk herniation. Methods Info. Med. 29:12-22
    • (1990) Methods Info. Med. , vol.29 , pp. 12-22
    • Kardaun, J.W.P.F.1    Kardaun, O.J.W.F.2
  • 59
    • 0028181730 scopus 로고
    • By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischemic heart disease?
    • Law MR, Wald NJ, Thompson SG. 1994. By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischemic heart disease? Br. Med. J. 308:367-73
    • (1994) Br. Med. J. , vol.308 , pp. 367-373
    • Law, M.R.1    Wald, N.J.2    Thompson, S.G.3
  • 60
    • 0028890064 scopus 로고
    • "Best evidence synthesis: An intelligent alternative to meta-analysis": Discussion. A case of "Either-Or" or "As well"
    • Letzel H. 1995. "Best evidence synthesis: An intelligent alternative to meta-analysis": Discussion. A case of "Either-Or" or "As well". J. Clin. Epidemiol. 48:19-21
    • (1995) J. Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.48 , pp. 19-21
    • Letzel, H.1
  • 62
    • 0027738240 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment. Confirmation from meta-analysis
    • Lipsey MW, Wilson DB. 1993. The efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment. Confirmation from meta-analysis. Am. Psychol. 48: 1181-209
    • (1993) Am. Psychol. , vol.48 , pp. 1181-1209
    • Lipsey, M.W.1    Wilson, D.B.2
  • 63
    • 0023690384 scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer
    • Longnecker MP, Berlin JA, Orza MJ, Chalmers TC. 1988. A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer. JAMA 260:652-65
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.260 , pp. 652-665
    • Longnecker, M.P.1    Berlin, J.A.2    Orza, M.J.3    Chalmers, T.C.4
  • 66
    • 0024503177 scopus 로고
    • How study design affects outcomes in comparisons of therapy. II. Surgical
    • Miller JN, Colditz GA, Mosteller F. 1989. How study design affects outcomes in comparisons of therapy. II. Surgical. Stat. Med 8:455-66
    • (1989) Stat. Med , vol.8 , pp. 455-466
    • Miller, J.N.1    Colditz, G.A.2    Mosteller, F.3
  • 67
    • 0000809676 scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical models for combining information and for meta-analysis
    • Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Morris CN, Normand SL. 1992. Hierarchical models for combining information and for meta-analysis. In Bayesian Statistics, 4:321-44. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • (1992) Bayesian Statistics , vol.4 , pp. 321-344
    • Morris, C.N.1    Normand, S.L.2
  • 68
    • 0027290944 scopus 로고
    • Combining independent studies of a diagnostic test into a summary (ROC) curve: Data-analytic approaches and some additional considerations
    • Moses LE, Shapiro D, Littenberg B. 1993. Combining independent studies of a diagnostic test into a summary (ROC) curve: data-analytic approaches and some additional considerations. Stat. Med. 12:1293-316
    • (1993) Stat. Med. , vol.12 , pp. 1293-1316
    • Moses, L.E.1    Shapiro, D.2    Littenberg, B.3
  • 70
    • 0028835865 scopus 로고
    • Statistical and theoretical considerations in meta-analysis
    • Olkin I. 1995. Statistical and theoretical considerations in meta-analysis. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 48:133-46
    • (1995) J. Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.48 , pp. 133-146
    • Olkin, I.1
  • 71
    • 0000519782 scopus 로고
    • A fail-safe N for effect size in meta-analysis
    • Orwin R. 1983. A fail-safe N for effect size in meta-analysis. J. Educ. Stat. 8: 157-59
    • (1983) J. Educ. Stat. , vol.8 , pp. 157-159
    • Orwin, R.1
  • 72
    • 0028535125 scopus 로고
    • Of babies and bathwater
    • Petitti DB. 1994. Of babies and bathwater. Am. J. Epidemiol. 140:779-82
    • (1994) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.140 , pp. 779-782
    • Petitti, D.B.1
  • 75
    • 0003536740 scopus 로고
    • Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins
    • Rep. US Prev. Serv. Task Force. 1989. Guide to clinical preventive services. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins
    • (1989) Guide to Clinical Preventive Services
  • 76
    • 33746341926 scopus 로고
    • The "file drawer problem" and tolerance for null results
    • Rosenthal R. 1979. The "file drawer problem" and tolerance for null results. Psychol. Bull. 86:638-41
    • (1979) Psychol. Bull. , vol.86 , pp. 638-641
    • Rosenthal, R.1
  • 77
    • 0029257772 scopus 로고
    • Regression methods for meta-analysis of diagnostic test data
    • Rutter CM, Gatsonis CA. 1995. Regression methods for meta-analysis of diagnostic test data. Acad. Radiol. 2: S48-S56
    • (1995) Acad. Radiol. , vol.2
    • Rutter, C.M.1    Gatsonis, C.A.2
  • 79
    • 0029257776 scopus 로고
    • Issues in combining independent estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic test
    • Shapiro DE. 1995. Issues in combining independent estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic test. Acad. Radiol. 2:S37-S47
    • (1995) Acad. Radiol. , vol.2
    • Shapiro, D.E.1
  • 80
    • 0028003995 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis/Shmeta-analysis
    • Shapiro S. 1994. Meta-analysis/Shmeta-analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 140:771-78
    • (1994) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.140 , pp. 771-778
    • Shapiro, S.1
  • 81
    • 0024545999 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke
    • Shinton R, Beevers G. 1989. Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke. Br. Med. J. 298: 789-94
    • (1989) Br. Med. J. , vol.298 , pp. 789-794
    • Shinton, R.1    Beevers, G.2
  • 82
    • 0023008125 scopus 로고
    • Publication bias: The case for an international registry of clinical trials
    • Simes RJ. 1986. Publication bias: the case for an international registry of clinical trials. J. Clin. Oncol. 4:1529-41
    • (1986) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.4 , pp. 1529-1541
    • Simes, R.J.1
  • 83
    • 0028861454 scopus 로고
    • Best evidence synthesis: An intelligent alternative to meta-analysis
    • Slavin RE. 1995. Best evidence synthesis: An intelligent alternative to meta-analysis. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 48: 9-18
    • (1995) J. Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.48 , pp. 9-18
    • Slavin, R.E.1
  • 84
    • 0029202407 scopus 로고
    • The Potsdam International Consultation on meta-analysis
    • Spitzer WO, ed. 1995. The Potsdam International Consultation on meta-analysis. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 48:1-171
    • (1995) J. Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.48 , pp. 1-171
    • Spitzer, W.O.1
  • 85
    • 0025981467 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: A quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence
    • Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA. 1991. Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence. Prev. Med. 20:47-63
    • (1991) Prev. Med. , vol.20 , pp. 47-63
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Colditz, G.A.2
  • 86
    • 0025748061 scopus 로고
    • Effects of intravenous magnesium in suspected acute myocardial infarction: Overview of randomized trials
    • Teo KK, Yusuf S, Collins R, Held PH, Peto R. 1991. Effects of intravenous magnesium in suspected acute myocardial infarction: overview of randomized trials. Br. Med. J. 303: 1499-503
    • (1991) Br. Med. J. , vol.303 , pp. 1499-1503
    • Teo, K.K.1    Yusuf, S.2    Collins, R.3    Held, P.H.4    Peto, R.5
  • 88
    • 0028911125 scopus 로고
    • Predictive ability of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
    • Villar V, Carroli G, Belizn JM. 1995. Predictive ability of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Lancet 345: 772-76
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 772-776
    • Villar, V.1    Carroli, G.2    Belizn, J.M.3
  • 89
    • 0002643771 scopus 로고
    • Judging research quality
    • ed. H Cooper, L Hedges, New York: Russell Sage Found.
    • Wortman PM. 1994. Judging research quality. In The Handbook of Research Synthesis, ed. H Cooper, L Hedges, pp. 97-109. New York: Russell Sage Found.
    • (1994) The Handbook of Research Synthesis , pp. 97-109
    • Wortman, P.M.1
  • 90
    • 84926275187 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation research: A methodological perspective
    • Wortman PM. 1983. Evaluation research: A methodological perspective. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 34:223-60
    • (1983) Annu. Rev. Psychol. , vol.34 , pp. 223-260
    • Wortman, P.M.1
  • 91
    • 0023897609 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intravenous nitrates on mortality in acute myocardial infarction: Overview of the randomised trials
    • Yusuf S, Collins R, MacMahon S, Peto R. 1988. Effect of intravenous nitrates on mortality in acute myocardial infarction: overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 1:1088-92
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1088-1092
    • Yusuf, S.1    Collins, R.2    MacMahon, S.3    Peto, R.4
  • 92
    • 0028958766 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium in acute myocardial infarction
    • Yusuf S, Flather M. 1995. Magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. Br. Med. J. 310:751-52
    • (1995) Br. Med. J. , vol.310 , pp. 751-752
    • Yusuf, S.1    Flather, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.