Quantifying interface and bulk contributions to spin-orbit torque in magnetic bilayers

Nature Communications

Volumn 5, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Fan, Xin ^a   Celik, Halise ^a   Wu, Jun ^a   Ni, Chaoying ^a   Lee, Kyung Jin ^b   Lorenz, Virginia O ^a   Xiao, John Q ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^b Korea University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BORON; COBALT; COPPER; IRON; PLATINUM;

COBALT; COPPER; MAGNETIC FIELD; MAGNETIZATION; MAGNETOMETER; TORQUE;

ARTICLE; BILAYER MEMBRANE; CONTROLLED STUDY; MAGNET; MAGNETIC FIELD; MAGNETO OPTIC KERR EFFECT; MAGNETOMETER; MAGNETOMETRY; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; PHYSICAL PHENOMENA; QUANTITATIVE STUDY; RASHBA EFFECT; SLONCZEWSKI LIKE TORQUE; SPIN HALL EFFECT; SPIN ORBIT TORQUE; THICKNESS; TORQUE;

EID: 84892176862     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20411723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4042     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. He, X. et al. Robust isothermal electric control of exchange bias at room temperature. Nat. Mater. 9, 579-585 (2010).
2. Wang, W.-G., Li, M., Hageman, S. & Chien, C. L. Electric-field- assisted switching in magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat. Mater. 11, 64-68 (2012).
3. Hayashi, M., Thomas, L., Moriya, R., Rettner, C. & Parkin, S. S. P. Currentcontrolled magnetic domain-wall nanowire shift register. Science 320, 209-211 (2008). (Pubitemid 351521412)
4. Katine, J. A. & Fullerton, E. E. Device implications of spin-transfer torques. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 320, 1217-1226 (2008).
5. Liu, L. et al. Spin-torque switching with the giant spin Hall effect of tantalum. Science 336, 555-558 (2012).
6. Miron, I. M. et al. Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection. Nature 476, 189-193 (2011).
7. Liu, L., Pai, C.-F., Ralph, D. C. & Buhrman, R. A. Gate voltage modulation of spin-Hall-torque-driven magnetic switching. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1209.0962 (2012).
8. Lee, K.-S., Lee, S.-W., Min, B.-C. & Lee, K.-J. Threshold current for switching of a perpendicular magnetic layer induced by spin Hall effect. Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 112401 (2013).
9. Miron, I. M. et al. Fast current-induced domain-wall motion controlled by the Rashba effect. Nat. Mater. 10, 419-423 (2011).
10. Franken, J. H., Swagten, H. J. M. & Koopmans, B. Shift registers based on magnetic domain wall ratchets with perpendicular anisotropy. Nat. Nanotech. 7, 499-503 (2012).
11. Haazen, P. P. J. et al. Domain wall depinning governed by the spin Hall effect. Nat. Mater. 12, 299-303 (2013).
12. Emori, S., Bauer, U., Ahn, S., Martinez, E. & Beach, G. S. D. Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls. Nat. Mater. 12, 611-616 (2013).
13. Ryu, K.-S., Thomas, L., Yang, S.-H. & Parkin, S. Chiral spin torque at magnetic domain walls. Nat. Nanotech. 8, 527-533 (2013).
14. Haney, P. M., Lee, H.-W., Lee, K.-J., Manchon, A. & Stiles, M. D. Current induced torques and interfacial spin-orbit coupling: Semiclassical modeling. Phys. Rev. B 87, 174411 (2013).
15. Kim, J. et al. Layer thickness dependence of the current-induced effective field vector in Ta vertical bar CoFeB vertical bar MgO. Nat. Mater. 12, 240-245 (2013).
16. Garello, K. et al. Symmetry and magnitude of spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures. Nat. Nanotech. 8, 587-593 (2013).
17. Fan, X. et al. Observation of the nonlocal spin-orbital effective field. Nat. Commun. 4, 1799 (2013).
18. Moriya, T. New mechanism of anisotropic superexchange interaction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 4, 228-230 (1960).
19. Qiu, Z. Q. & Bader, S. D. Surface magneto-optic Kerr effect. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 1243-1255 (2000).
20. Ando, K. et al. Electric manipulation of spin relaxation using the spin Hall effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 036601 (2008).
21. Liu, L., Moriyama, T., Ralph, D. C. & Buhrman, R. A. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance induced by the spin Hall effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 036601 (2011).
22. Zhang, S., Levy, P. M. & Fert, A. Mechanisms of spin-polarized current-driven magnetization switching. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 236601 (2002).
23. Zhang, J. W., Levy, P. M., Zhang, S. F. & Antropov, V. Identification of transverse spin currents in noncollinear magnetic structures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 256602 (2004).
24. Pesin, D. A. & MacDonald, A. H. Quantum kinetic theory of current-induced torques in Rashba ferromagnets. Phys. Rev. B 86, 014416 (2012).
25. Wang, X. & Manchon, A. Diffusive spin dynamics in ferromagnetic thin films with a Rashba interaction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 117201 (2012).
26. Kim, K.-W., Seo, S.-M., Ryu, J., Lee, K.-J. & Lee, H.-W. Magnetization dynamics induced by in-plane currents in ultrathin magnetic nanostructures with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Phys. Rev. B 85, 180404 (2012).
27. Tserkovnyak, Y., Brataas, A. & Bauer, G. E. W. Spin pumping and magnetization dynamics in metallic multilayers. Phys. Rev. B 66, 224403 (2002).
28. Bass, J. & Pratt, Jr W. P. Spin-diffusion lengths in metals and alloys, and spinflipping at metal/metal interfaces: an experimentalist's critical review. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 183201 (2007).
29. Nakajima, N. et al. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy caused by interfacial hybridization via enhanced orbital moment in Co/Pt multilayers: magnetic circular X-ray dichroism study. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5229-5232 (1998). (Pubitemid 128623470)
30. Huang, S. Y. et al. Transport magnetic proximity effects in platinum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 107204 (2012).