Operating requirements for durable polymer-electrolyte fuel cell stacks

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 399-417

  Perry, Mike L ^a   Darling, Robert M ^b   Kandoi, Shampa ^b   Patterson, Timothy W ^b   Reiser, Carl ^b  

^a United Technologies Research Centre   (United States)

^b UTC Power   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84892042288     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-85536-3_20     Document Type: Chapter

References (57)

1. Bett, J.A.S. Kinoshita, K., and Stonehart, P. (1976) Crystallite growth of platinum dispersed on graphitized carbon black, J. Catal., 41, 124-133.
2. Binder, H., Kohling, A., Richter, K., and Sandstede, G. (1964) Über die anodische oxydation von Aktivkohlen in wässrigen elektrolyten, Electrochim. Acta, 9, 255-274
3. Bindra, P., Clouser, S.J., and Yeager, E. (1979) Platinum dissolution in concentrated phosphoric acid, J. Electrochem. Soc. 126, 1631-1632.
4. Blair, L. (2005) PEMFC Freeze Start, U.S. DOE's Fuel Cell Operations at Sub-Freezing Temperatures Workshop, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
5. Bregoli, L.J. (1978) The influence of platinum crystallite size on the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in phosphoric acid, Electrochim. Acta, 23, 489-492.
6. Cho, E.A., Ko, J.J., Ha, H.Y., Hong, S.A., Lee, K.Y., Lim, T.W., and Oh, I.H., (2004) Effects of water removal on the performance degradation of PEMFCs repetitively brought to
7. Collier, A., Wang, H., Yuan, X.Z., Zhang, J., and Wilkinson, D.P. (2006) Degradation of polymer electrolyte membranes, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 31, 1838-1854.
8. Donahue, J., Fuller, T.F., Yang, D., and Yi, J.S. (2002) Method and apparatus for regenerating the performance of PEM fuel cell, U.S. Patent 6,399,231.
9. Doyle, M. and Rajendran, G. (2003) Perfluorinated membranes in: Handbook of Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, Edited by Vielstich, W., Gasteiger, H.A., and Lamm, A., vol. 3, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 351-395.
10. Eickes, C., Piela, P., Davey, J., and Zelenay, P. (2006) Recoverbale cathode performance loss in direct methanol fuel cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, A171-A178.
11. Ferreira, P.J., la O', G.J., Shao-Horn, Y., Morgan, D., Makharia, R., Kocha, S., and Gasteiger, H.A. (2005) Instability of Pt/C electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, A2256-A2271.
12. Fuller, T.F., Perry, M.L., and Reiser, C. (2005) Applying the lessons learned from PAFC to PEM fuel cells, Electrochem. Soc. Proc. Vol., 8, 337-345.
13. Gasteiger, H.A., Gu, W., Makharia, R., Mathias, M.F., and Sompalli, B. (2003) Beginning-of-life MEA performance-Efficiency loss contributions in: Handbook of Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, Edited by Vielstich, W., Gasteiger, H.A., and Lamm, A., vol. 3, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 593-610.
14. Gebel, G., Aldebert, P., and Pineri, M. (1993) Swelling study of pefluorosulphonated ionomer membranes, Polymer, 34, 333-339.
15. Gottesfeld, S. (1997) Polymer electrolyte fuel cells in Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering, Edited by Alkire, R., Gerischer, H., Kolb, D., and Tobias, C., vol. 5, Wiley, Germany, pp. 195-301.
16. Gruver, G.A., Pascoe, R.F., and Kunz, H. R. (1980) Surface area loss of platinum supported on carbon in phosphoric acid electrolyte, J. Electrochem. Soc., 127, 1219-1224.
17. Halim, J., Büchi, F.N., Haas, O., Stamm, M., and Scherer, G.G. (1994) Characterization of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes by conductivity measurements and small-angle X-ray scattering, Electrochim. Acta, 39, 1303-1307.
18. He, S. and Mench, M. (2006) One dimensional transient model for frost heave in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, A1724-A1731.
19. Hsu, W.Y. and Gierke, T.D. (1983) Ion transport and clustering in Nafion perfluorinated membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 13, 307-326
20. Huang, X.Y., Solasi, R., Zou, Y., Feshler, M., Reifsnider, K., Condit, D., Burlatshy, S., and Madden, T. (2006) Mechanical endurance of polymer electrolyte membrane and PEM fuel cell durability, J. Polym. Sci. Part B-Polym. Phys., 44, 2346-2357.
21. Jarvi, T., Patterson, T., Cipollini, N., Hertzberg, J., and Perry, M. (2003) Recoverable performance losses in PEM fuel cells, Electrochemical Society Meeting Abstracts, Paris.
22. Kangasniemi, K.H., Condit, D.A. and Jarvi, T.D. (2004) Characterization of vulcan electrochemically oxidized under simulated PEM fuel cell conditions, J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, E125-E132.
23. Kinoshita, K. (1988) Carbon: Electrochemical and Physiochemical Properties, Wiley, New York, NY.
24. Kinoshita, K. and Bett, J.A.S. (1974) Effects of graphitization on the corrosion of carbon blacks, Proceedings of the Symposium on Corrosion Problems in Energy Conversion and Generation, pp. 43-55.
25. Kinoshita, K., Lundquist, J.T., and Stonehart, P. (1973) Potential cycling effects on platinum electrocatalyst surfaces', J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem, 48, 57.
26. Kopasz, J. (2007) High temperature membrane working group, U.S. DOE Annual Hydrogen Program Review, Arlington VA, USA.
27. LaConti, A.B., Hamdan, M., and McDonald, R.C. (2003) Mechanisms of membrane degradation in: Handbook of Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, Edited by Vielstich, W. Gasteiger, H.A., and Lamm, A., vol. 3, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 647-662.
28. Landsman, D.A. and Luzack, F.J. (2003) Catalyst studies and coating technologies in: Handbook of Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, Edited by Vielstich, W., Gasteiger, H.A., and Lamm, A., vol. 4, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 811-831.
29. Luzack, F.J. and Landsman, D.A. (1983) Ternary fuel cell catalysts containing platinum, cobalt and chromium, U.S. Patent 4,447,506.
30. Masten, D.A. and Bosco, A.D. (2003) System design for vehicle applications: GM/Opel in: Handbook of Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, Edited by Vielstich, W., Gasteiger, H.A., and Lamm, A., vol. 3, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 714-724.
31. Mathias, M.F., Makharia, M., Gasteiger, H.A., Conley, J.J., Fuller, T.J., Gittleman, C.J., Kocha, S.S., Miller, D.P., Mittelsteadt, C.K., Xie, T., Yan, S.G., and Yu, P.T. (2005) Two fuel cell cars in every garage?, Electrochem. Soc. Interface, 14, 24-35.
32. Meyers, J.P (2005) Fundamental issues in subzero PEMFC startup and operation, U.S. DOE's Fuel Cell Operations at Sub-Freezing Temperatures Workshop, Phoenix AZ, USA.
33. Meyers, J.P. and Darling, R.D. (2006) Model of carbon corrosion in PEM fuel cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, A1432-A1442.
34. Meyers, J.P., Darling, R.D., Evans, C., Balliet, R., and Perry, M.L. (2006) Evaporatively-cooled PEM fuel-cell stack and system, ECS Trans., 3, 1207-1214.
35. Mitsushima, S., Kawahara, S., Ota, K., and Kamiya, N. (2007) Consumption rate of Pt under potential cycling, J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, B153-B158.
36. Mittal, V.O., Kunz, H.R., and Fenton, J.M. (2006) Effects of catalyst properties on membrane degradation rate and the underlying degradation mechanism in PEMFCs, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, A1755-A1759.
37. Neyerlin, K.C., Gasteiger, H.A., Mittelsteadt, C.K., Jorne, J., and Gu, W. (2005) Effect of relative humidity on oxygen reduction kinetics in a PEMFC, J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, A1073-A1080.
38. Paik, C.H., Saloka, G.S., and Graham, G.W. (2007) Influence of cyclic operation on PEM fuel cell catalyst stability, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 10, B39-B42.
39. Passalacqua, E., Antonucci, P. L., Vivaldi, A., Patti, A., Antonucci, V., Giordano, N., and Kinoshita, K. (1992) The influence of Pt on the electrooxidation behavior of carbon in phosphoric acid, Electrochim. Acta, 37, 2725-2730.
40. Patterson, T. (2002) Effect of potential cycling on loss of electrochemical surface area of platinum catalyst in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, AIChE National Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA.
41. Patterson, T.W. and Darling, R.D. (2006) Damage to cathode catalyst of a PEM fuel cell caused by localized fuel starvation, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 9, A183-A185.
42. Perry, M.L. and Darling R.M. (2004) Optimizing PEFC stack design and operation for energy and water balance in transportation systems, Electrochem. Soc. Proc., PV2004-21, 634.
43. Perry, M.L., Newman, J., and Cairns, E.J. (1998) Mass transport in gas-diffusion electrodes: A diagnostic tool for fuel-cell cathodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 5-15.
44. Perry, M.L., Patterson, T.W., and Reiser, C. (2006) System strategies to mitigate carbon corrosion in fuel cells, ECS Trans., 3, 783-795.
45. Perry, M., Patterson, T., and O'Neill, J. (2007) PEM fuel cell freeze durability and cold start project, U.S. DOE Annual Hydrogen Program Review, Arlington VA, USA.
46. Pourbaix, M. (1974) Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, TX, USA.
47. Protsailo, L. (2006) Development of high temperature membranes and improved cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cells, U.S. DOE Annual Hydrogen Program Review, Arlington VA, USA.
48. Reiser, C. (1997), Ion exchange membrane fuel cell with water management pressure differentials, U.S. Patent 5,700,595.
49. Reiser, C.A., Bregoli, L., Patterson, T.W., Yi, J.S., Yang, J.D., Perry, M.L., and Jarvi, T.D. (2005) A reverse-current decay mechanism for fuel cells, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 8, A273-A276.
50. Uribe, F.A. and Zawodzinski, T.A. (2002) A study of polymer electrolyte fuel cell performance at high voltages; dependence on cathode catalyst layer composition and on voltage conditioning, Electrochim. Acta, 47, 3799-3806.
51. Wang, X., Kumar, R., and Myers, D. J. (2006) Effect of voltage on platinum dissolution, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 9, A225-A227.
52. Weber, A.Z. and Darling, R.M. (2007) Understanding porous water-transport plates in polymerelectrolyte fuel cells, J. Power Sources, 168, 191-199.
53. Weber, A.W. and Newman, J. (2004) A theoretical study of membrane constraint in polymerelectrolyte fuel cells, AIChE J., 50, 3215-3226.
54. Wheeler, D.J., Yi, J.S., Fredley, R., Yang, D., Patterson, T., and VanDine, L. (2001) Advancements in fuel cell stack technology at international fuel cells, J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst., 4, 233-238.
55. Woods, R. (1976) Chemisorption at electrodes in: Electroanalytical Chemistry, Edited by A. J. Bard, vol. 9, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, p. 1.
56. Yu, J., Matsuura, T., Yoshikawa, Y., Islam, M.N., and Hori, M. (2005a) In situ analysis of performance degradation of a PEMFC under nonsaturated humidification, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 8, A156-A158.
57. Yu, P., Pemberton, M., and Plasse, P. (2005b) PtCo/C cathode catalyst for improved durability in PEMFCs, J. Power Sources, 144, 11-20.