Should oral anticoagulants be restarted after warfarin-associated cerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation?

Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Volumn 111, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 14-18

  Paciaroni, Maurizio ^a   Agnelli, Giancarlo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anticoagulants; Atrial fibrillation; Cerebral haemorrhage; Warfarin

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTIVITAMIN K; APIXABAN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; DABIGATRAN; RIVAROXABAN; WARFARIN;

ANTICOAGULATION; ARTICLE; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THROMBOEMBOLISM;

ANTICOAGULANTS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE; WARFARIN;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; AGED; ANTICOAGULANTS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; BRAIN; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MICROCIRCULATION; MIDDLE AGED; RECURRENCE; RISK; STROKE; THROMBOEMBOLISM; WARFARIN;

EID: 84891849129     PISSN: 03406245     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1160/TH13-08-0667     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Lansberg MG, O'Donnell MJ, Khatri P, et al. Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischaemic stroke: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis. American College of Chest Physician Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (9th Edition). Chest 2012; 141: 601S-636S.
2. Dowlatshahi D, Butcher KS, Asdaghi N, et al. Poor Prognosis in Warfarin-Associated Intracranial Haemorrhage Despite Anticoagulation Reversal. Stroke 2012; 43: 1812-1817.
3. Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Lip GYH. Evaluation of risk stratification schemes for ischaemic stroke and bleeding in 182678 patients with atrial fibrillation: the Swedish Atrial Fibrillation cohort study. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1500-1510.
4. Steiner T. Resumption of oral anticoagulants after warfarin associated intracerebral haemorrhage: Yes. Stroke 2011; 42: 3661-3662.
5. Schulman S. Resumption of oral anticoagulants after warfarin associated intracerebral haemorrhage: No. Stroke 2011; 42: 3663-3664.
6. Molina CA, Selim MH. The dilemma of resuming anticoagulation after intracranial haemorrhage. Little evidence facing big fear. Stroke 2011; 42: 3665-3666.
7. Eckman MH, Rosand J, Knudsen KA, Singer DE, Greenberg SM. Can patients be anticoagulated after intracerebral haemorrhage? A decision analysis. Stroke 2003; 34: 1710-1716.
8. Singer DE, Chang Y, Fan MC et al. The net clinical benefit of warfarin anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 2009; 151: 297-305.
9. Paciaroni M, Agnelli G. Solutions to Reduce Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. J A Fib 2012; 5: 45-53.
10. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Med Assoc 2001; 285: 2864-2870.
11. Gage BF, van Walraven C, Pearce L, et al. Selecting patients with atrial fibrillation for anticoagulation: stroke risk stratification in patients taking aspirin. Circulation 2004; 110: 2287-2292.
12. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137: 263-272.
13. Camm AJ, Lip GYH, De Caterina R, et al. 2012 focused update of the ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 2719-2747.
14. Ogawa S, Aonuma K, Tse HF, et al. The APHRS's 2013 statement on antithrombotic therapy of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. J Arrhythmia 2013; 29: 190-200.
15. Olesen JB, Torp-Pedersen C, Hansen ML, et al. The value of the CHA2DS2-VASc score for refining stroke risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation with CHADS2 score 0-1: a nationwide cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2012; 107: 1172-1179.
16. Lip GYH, Andreotti F, Fauchier L, et al. Bleeding risk assessment and management in atrial fibrillation patients. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106: 997-1011.
17. Gage BE, Yan Y, Milligan PE, et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting haemorrhage: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF). Am Heart J 2006; 151: 713-719.
18. Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, et al. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess one year risk of major bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients: The Euro Heart Survey. Chest 2010; 138: 1100-1103.
19. Apostolakis S, Lane D, Guo Y, et al. Performance of the HAEMORR 2 HAGES, ATRIA, and HAS-BLED bleeding risk-prediction scores in nonwarfarin anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: 386-387.
20. Olesen B, Lip GYH, Lindhardsen J, et al. Risks of thromboembolism and bleeding with thromboprophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation: A net clinical benefit analysis using a "real world" nationwide cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106: 739-749.
21. Katramados A, Varelas P. Haemorrhagic stroke. In: The Stroke Book. Torbey MT, Selim MH Eds. Cambridge University Press, New York, 2007, pp. 60-70.
22. O'Donnell HC, Rosand J, Knudsen KA, et al. Apolipoprotein E genotype and the risk of recurrent lobar intracerebral haemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 240-245.
23. Viswanathan A, Rakich SM, Engel C, et al. Antiplatelet use after intracerebral haemorrhage. Neurology 2006; 66: 206-209.
24. Yung D, Kapral MK, Asllani E, et al. Reinitiation of anticoagulation after warfarin-associated intracerebral haemorrhage and mortality risk: the best practice for reinitiating anticoagulation therapy after intracranial bleeding (BRAIN) study. Can J Cardiol 2012; 28: 33-39.
25. Majeed A, Kim YK, Roberts RS, et al. Optimal timing of resumption of warfarin after intracerebral haemorrhage. Stroke 2010; 41: 2860-2866.
26. Genes for Cerebral Haemorrhage on Anticoagulation (GOCHA) Collaborative Group. Exploiting common genetic variation to make anticoagulation safer. Stroke 2009; 40 (Suppl 3): 564-566.
27. Tzourio C, Arima H, Harmap S, et al. ApoE genotype, ethnicity, and the risk of cerebral haemorrhage. Neurology 2008; 70: 1322-1328.
28. Bailey RD, Hart RG, Benavente O, et al. Recurrent brain haemorrhage is more frequent than ischaemic stroke after intracranial haemorrhage. Neurology 2001; 56: 773-777.
29. De Vleeschouwer S, Van Calenbergh F, van Loon J, et al. Risk analysis of thromboembolic and recurrent bleeding events in the management of intracranial haemorrhage due to oral anticoagulation. Arch Chir Belg 2005; 105: 268-274.
30. Claassen DO, Kazemi N, Zubkov AY, et al. Restarting anticoagulation therapy after warfarin-associated intracranial haemorrhage. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 1313-1318.
31. Greenberg SM, Vernooij MW, Cordonnier C, et al. Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8: 165-174.
32. Greenberg SM, Eng JA, Ning M, et al. Haemorrhage burden predicts recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage after lobar haemorrhage. Stroke 2004; 35: 1415-1420.
33. Thijs V, Lemmens R, Schoofs C, et al. Microbleeds and the Risk of Recurrent Stroke. Stroke. 2010; 41: 2005-2009.
34. Ueno H, Naka H, Ohshita T, et al. Association between Cerebral Microbleeds on T2*-Weighted MR Images and Recurrent Haemorrhagic Stroke in Patients Treated with Warfarin following Ischaemic Stroke. Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29: 1483-1486.
35. Janaway BM, Simpson JE, Hoggard N, et al.; on behalf of the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Neuropathology Study. Brain haemosiderin in older people: pathological evidence for an ischaemic origin of MRI microbleeds. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; Epub ahead of print.
36. Rasmussen LH, Larsen TB, Graungaard T, et al. Primary and secondary prevention with new oral anticoagulant drugs for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: indirect comparison analysis. Br Med J 2012; 345: e7097.
37. Banerjee A, Lane DA, Torp-Pedersen C, et al. Net clinical benefit of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus no treatment in a "real world" atrial fibrillation population: A modelling analysis based on a nationwide cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2012; 107: 584-589.