New therapeutics in primary biliary cirrhosis: Will there ever be light?

Liver International

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 167-170

  Invernizzi, Pietro ^a,b   Gershwin, M Eric ^b  

^a HUMANITAS CLINICAL AND RESEARCH CENTER   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; BEZAFIBRATE; CHOLESTEROL; FENOFIBRATE; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; GEMFIBROZIL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR DELTA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PREGNANE X RECEPTOR; URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID;

AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; CHOLESTASIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; EDITORIAL; FATIGUE; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; LIPID METABOLISM; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; NONHUMAN; PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS; PRURITUS; QUALITY OF LIFE; RECURRENT DISEASE; SURVIVAL;

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; FIBRIC ACIDS; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS, BILIARY; URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID;

EID: 84891801530     PISSN: 14783223     EISSN: 14783231     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/liv.12354     Document Type: Editorial

References (39)

1. Lindor KD, Gershwin ME, Poupon R, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2009; 50: 291-308.
2. Podda M, Selmi C, Lleo A, Moroni L, Invernizzi P. The limitations and hidden gems of the epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 2013; 46: 81-7.
3. Mells GF, Kaser A, Karlsen TH. Novel insights into autoimmune liver diseases provided by genome-wide association studies. J Autoimmun 2013; 46: 41-54.
4. Naiyanetr P, Butler JD, Meng L, et al. Electrophile-modified lipoic derivatives of PDC-E2 elicits anti-mitochondrial antibody reactivity. J Autoimmun 2011; 37: 209-16.
5. You Z, Wang Q, Bian Z, et al. The immunopathology of liver granulomas in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 2012; 39: 216-21.
6. Selmi C, Meroni PL, Gershwin ME. Primary biliary cirrhosis and Sjogren's syndrome: autoimmune epithelitis. J Autoimmun 2012; 39: 34-42.
7. Kaplan MM, Gershwin ME. Primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1261-73.
8. Lleo A, Selmi C, Invernizzi P, et al. Apotopes and the biliary specificity of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2009; 49: 871-9.
9. Tsuda M, Zhang W, Yang GX, et al. Deletion of interleukin (IL)-12p35 induces liver fibrosis in dominant-negative TGFbeta receptor type II mice. Hepatology 2013; 57: 806-16.
10. Ando Y, Yang GX, Tsuda M, et al. The immunobiology of colitis and cholangitis in interleukin-23p19 and interleukin-17A deleted dominant negative form of transforming growth factor beta receptor type II mice. Hepatology 2012; 56: 1418-26.
11. Kawata K, Yang GX, Ando Y, et al. Clonality, activated antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, and development of autoimmune cholangitis in dnTGFbetaRII mice. Hepatology 2013; 58: 1094-104.
12. Moritoki Y, Lian ZX, Lindor K, et al. B-cell depletion with anti-CD20 ameliorates autoimmune cholangitis but exacerbates colitis in transforming growth factor-beta receptor II dominant negative mice. Hepatology 2009; 50: 1893-903.
13. Tsuda M, Moritoki Y, Lian ZX, et al. Biochemical and immunologic effects of rituximab in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 2012; 55: 512-21.
14. Seror R, Bootsma H, Bowman SJ, et al. Outcome measures for primary Sjogren's syndrome. J Autoimmun 2012; 39: 97-102.
15. van Wanrooij RL, Zwiers A, Kraal G, Bouma G. Genetic variations in interleukin-12 related genes in immune-mediated diseases. J Autoimmun 2012; 39: 359-68.
16. Selmi C, Leung PS, Sherr DH, et al. Mechanisms of environmental influence on human autoimmunity: a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences expert panel workshop. J Autoimmun 2012; 39: 272-84.
17. Germolec D, Kono DH, Pfau JC, Pollard KM. Animal models used to examine the role of the environment in the development of autoimmune disease: findings from an NIEHS Expert Panel Workshop. J Autoimmun 2012; 39: 285-93.
18. Miller FW, Alfredsson L, Costenbader KH, et al. Epidemiology of environmental exposures and human autoimmune diseases: findings from a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Expert Panel Workshop. J Autoimmun 2012; 39: 259-71.
19. Willson TM, Brown PJ, Sternbach DD, Henke BR. The PPARs: from orphan receptors to drug discovery. J Med Chem 2000; 43: 527-50.
20. Honda A, Ikegami T, Nakamuta M, et al. Anticholestatic effects of bezafibrate in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 2013; 57: 1931-41.
21. Iwasaki S, Tsuda K, Ueta H, Aono M, Saibara T. Bezafibrate may have a beneficial effect in pre-cirrhostic primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 1999; 16: 12-8.
22. Miyaguchi S, Ebinuma H, Imaeda H, et al. A novel treatment for refractory primary biliary cirrhosis? Hepatogastroenterology 2000; 47: 1518-21.
23. Nakai S, Masaki T, Kurokohchi K, Deguchi A, Nishioka M. Combination therapy of bezafibrate and ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis: a preliminary study. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 326-7.
24. Ohmoto K, Mitsui Y, Yamamoto S. Effect of bezafibrate in primary biliary cirrhosis: a pilot study. Liver 2001; 21: 223-4.
25. Ohira H, Sato Y, Ueno T, Sata M. Fenofibrate treatment in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2002; 97: 2147-9.
26. Yano K, Kato H, Morita S, et al. Is bezafibrate histologically effective for primary biliary cirrhosis? Am J Gastroenterol 2002; 97: 1075-7.
27. Kanda T, Yokosuka O, Imazeki F, Saisho H. Bezafibrate treatment: a new medical approach for PBC patients? J Gastroenterol 2003; 38: 573-8.
28. Dohmen K, Mizuta T, Nakamuta M, et al. Fenofibrate for patients with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 894-8.
29. Itakura J, Izumi N, Nishimura Y, et al. Prospective randomized crossover trial of combination therapy with bezafibrate and UDCA for primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2004; 29: 216-22.
30. Kita R, Takamatsu S, Kimura T, et al. Bezafibrate may attenuate biliary damage associated with chronic liver diseases accompanied by high serum biliary enzyme levels. J Gastroenterol 2006; 41: 686-92.
31. Ohmoto K, Yoshioka N, Yamamoto S. Long-term effect of bezafibrate on parameters of hepatic fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol 2006; 41: 502-3.
32. Iwasaki S, Ohira H, Nishiguchi S, et al. The efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate combination therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis: a prospective, multicenter study. Hepatol Res 2008; 38: 557-64.
33. Walker LJ, Newton J, Jones DE, Bassendine MF. Comment on biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid and long-term prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2009;49:337-8; author reply 338.
34. Hazzan R, Tur-Kaspa R. Bezafibrate treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis following incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 44: 371-3.
35. Levy C, Peter JA, Nelson DR, et al. Pilot study: fenofibrate for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 235-42.
36. Takeuchi Y, Ikeda F, Fujioka S, et al. Additive improvement induced by bezafibrate in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis showing refractory response to ursodeoxycholic acid. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26: 1395-401.
37. Kurihara T, Niimi A, Maeda A, Shigemoto M, Yamashita K. Bezafibrate in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis: comparison with ursodeoxycholic acid. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 2990-2.
38. Han XF, Wang QX, Liu Y, et al. Efficacy of fenofibrate in Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis partially responding to ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. J Dig Dis 2012; 13: 219-24.
39. Lens S, Leoz M, Nazal L, Bruguera M, Pares A. Bezafibrate normalizes alkaline phosphatase in primary biliary cirrhosis patients with incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Liver Int 2013; 34: 197-203.