Principles and Applications of Lithium Secondary Batteries

Principles and Applications of Lithium Secondary Batteries

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Park, Jung Ki ^a  

^a Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84891579865     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527650408     Document Type: Book

References (437)

1. Vincent, C.A. and Scrosati, B. (1997) Modern Batteries: An Introduction to Electrochemical Power Sources, 2nd edn, Arnold, London.
2. Besenhard, J. (1998) Handbook of Battery Materials, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.
3. Mizushima, K., Jones, P.C., Wiseman, P.J., and Goodenough, J.B. (1980) Mater. Res. Bull., 15, 783.
4. Tarascon, J.M. and Armand, M. (2001) Nature, 414 (15), 359.
5. Mizushima, K., Jones, P.C., Wiseman, P.J., and Goodenough, J.B. (1993) Mater. Res. Bull., 15, 1159.
6. Winter, M., Besenhard, J.O., Spahr, M.E., and Novak, P. (1998) Adv.Mater., 10, 725.
7. Tarascon, J.M. and Armand, M. (2001) Nature, 414 15, 359.
8. Ohzuku, T., Ueda, A., and Nagayama, M. (1993) J. Electrochem. Soc., 140, 1862.
9. Gummow, R.J., Liles, D.C., and Thackeray, M.M. (1993) Mater. Res. Bull., 28, 235.
10. Gummow, R.J., Thackeray, M.M., David, W.I.F., and Hull, S. (1992) Mater. Res. Bull., 27, 327.
11. Reimers, J.N. and Dahn, J.R. (1992) J. Electrochem. Soc., 139, 2091.
12. Armstrong, A.R. and Bruce, P.G. (1996) Nature, 381, 499.
13. Armstrong, A.R., Paterson, A.J., Robertson, A.D., and Bruce, P.G. (2002) Chem. Mater., 14, 710.
14. Cho, J.P., Kim, Y.J., Kim, T.J., and Park, B. (2002) J. Elelctrochem. Soc., 149 (2), A127.
15. Komaba, S., Myung, S.T., Kumagai, N., Kanouchi, T., Oikawa, K., and Kamiyama, T. (2002) Solid State Ionics, 152-153, 311.
16. Lee, Y.S., Sato, S., Tabuchi, M., Yoon, C.S., Sun, Y.K., Kobayakawa, K., and Sato, Y. (2003) Electrochem. Commun., 5, 549.
17. Matsumura, T., Kanno, R., Inaba, Y., Kawamoto, Y., and Takano, M. (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149 (12), A1509.
18. Koyama, Y., Yabuuchi, N., Tanaka, I., Adachi, H., and Ohzuku, T. (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc., 151 (10), A1545.
19. Choi, J. and Manthiram, A. (2005) J. Electrochem. Soc., 152 (9), A1714.
20. Yoon, W.S., Paik, Y., Yang, X.Q., Balasubramanial, M., McBreen, J., and Grey, C.P. (2002) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 5, A263.
21. Lu, Z.,MacNeil, D.D., and Dahn, J.R. (2001) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 4, A191;
22. MacNeil, D.D. and Dahn, J.R. (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A912;
23. Ohzuku, T., and Makimura, Y. (2001) Chem. Lett., 7, 642.
24. Lu, Z., MacNeil, D.D., and Dahn, J.R. (2001) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 4, A200.
25. Lu, Z. and Dahn, J.R. (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A815.
26. Robertson, A.D. and Bruce, P.G. (2003) Chem. Mater., 15, 1984;
27. Hong, Young-Sik, Park, Yong Joon, Ryu, Kwang Sun, Chang, Soon Ho, and Kim, Min Kyu (2004) J. Mater. Chem., 14 9, 1424-1429.
28. Park, C.W. et al. (2007) Mater. Res. Bull., 42, 1374.
29. Thackeray, M. et al. (2007) J. Mater. Chem., 17, 3112.
30. Jiang, J., Eberman, K.W., Krause, L.J., and Dahn, J.R. (2005) J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, A1879;
31. Tran, N., Groguennec, L., Labrugere, C., Jordy, C., Biensan, Ph., and Delmas, C. (2006) J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, A261.
32. Hong, Young-Sik, (2006) Chemworld, 46 8, 45.
33. Hong, Young-Sik, Park, Yong Joon, Ryu, Kwang Sun, and Chang, Soon Ho (2005) Solid State Ionics, 176 (11-12), 1035.
34. Kim, J.S., Johnson, C.S., Vaughey, J.T., Thackeray, M.M., and Hackney, S.A. (2004) Chem. Mater., 16 10, 1996.
35. Johnson, Christopher S., Kim, J.S., Kropf, A. Jeremy, Kahaian, A.J., Vaughey, J.T., and Thackeray, M.M. (2002) Electrochem. Commun., 4 6, 492.
36. Tarascon, J.M.,Wang, E., Shokoohi, F.K., McKinnon, W.R., and Colson, S. (1991) J. Electrochem. Soc., 138, 2859.
37. Myung, S.T., Komaba, S., and Kumagai, N. (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148 (5), A482.
38. Goodenough, J.B., Padhi, A.K., Nanjundaswamy, K.S., and Masquelier, C. (1999) U.S. Patent No. 5910382.
39. Yamada, A., Chung, S.C., and Hinouma, K. (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148 (3), A224.
40. Yamada, A., Kudo, Y., and Liu, K.Y. (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148 (7), A747.
41. Huang, Y.H., Park, K.S., and Goodenough, J.B. (2006) J. Electrochem. Soc., 153 12, A2282.
42. Chung, S.Y., Bloking, J.T., and Chiang, Y.M. (2002) Nat. Mater., 1 2, 123.
43. Herle, P.S., Ellis, B., Coombs, N., and Nazar, L.F. (2004) Nat. Mater., 3 3, 147.
44. Franger, S., Le Cras, F., Bourbon, C., and Rouault, H. (2003) J. Power Sources, 119, 252.
45. Yamada, A. et al. (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A960.
46. Li, G. et al. (2002) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 5, A135.
47. Delacourt, C. (2004) Chem.Mater., 16, 93.
48. Zhou, F. et al. (2004) Solid State Commun., 132 (3-4), 181.
49. Zhou, F. et al. (2004) Electrochem. Commun., 6 (11), 1144;
50. Wolfenstine, J. (2005) J. Power Sources, 142, 389-390.
51. Manthiram, A. and Kim, J. (1998) Chem. Mater., 10, 2895.
52. Zhang, S., Li, W., Li, C., and Chen, J. (2006) J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 24855.
53. Whittingham, M.S. (2004) Chem. Rev., 104, 4271.
54. Liu, G.Q., Xu, N.,Zeng, C.L., andYang, K. (2002) Mater. Res. Bull., 37, 727.
55. Xia, H., Jiao, L.F., Yuan, H.T., Zhao, M., Zhang, M., and Wang, Y.M. (2007) Mater. Lett., 61, 101.
56. Leger, C., Bach, S., and Ramos, J. (2007) J. Solid State Electrochem., 11, 71.
57. Xiao, K., Wu, G., Shen, J., Xie, D., and Zhou, B. (2006) Mater. Chem. Phys., 100, 26.
58. Cao, A.M., Hu, J.S., Liang, H.P., and Wan, L.J. (2005) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44, 4391.
59. Sudant, G., Baudrin, E., Dunn, B., and Tarascon, J.M. (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, A666.
60. Li, X., Li,W., Ma, H., and Chen, J. (2007) J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, A39.
61. Kannan, A.M. and Manthiram, A. (2003) Solid State Ionics, 159, 265.
62. Tsang, C. and Manthiram, A. (1997) J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 520.
63. Baudrin, E., Sudant, G., Larcher, D., Dunn, B., and Tarascon, J.M. (2006) Chem. Mater., 18, 4374.
64. Zhang, S., Li, W., Li, C., and Chen, J. (2006) J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 24855.
65. Callister, W.D., Jr. (1997) Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, p. 787.
66. Cho, J. et al. (2001) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 40, 3367.
67. Cho, J. et al. (2001) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 4, A159.
68. Kim, K. et al. (2005) Electrochim. Acta, 50, 3764.
69. Sun, Y.K. et al. (2007) J. Electrochem. Soc., 154 3, A168.
70. Gu, Y., Chen, D., Jiao, X., and Liu, F. (2006) J. Mater. Chem., 16, 4361.
71. Kim, D.H. and Kim, J. (2006) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 9 9, A439.
72. Ravet, N., Goodenough, J.B., Besner, S., Simoneau, M., Hovington, P., and Armand, M. (1999) The Electrochemical Society Meeting Abstract, Honolulu, HI, Oct. 17-22, Abstract 127.
73. Huang, H., Yin, S.C., and Nazar, L.F. (2001) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 4, A170.
74. Park, K.S., Son, J.T., Chung, H.T., Kim, S.J., Lee, C.H., Kang, K.T., and Kim, H.G. (2004) Solid State Commun., 129, 311.
75. Amatucci, G.G., Tarascon, J.M., and Klein, L.C. (1996) Solid State Ionics, 83, 168.
76. Kannan, A.M. and Manthiram, A. (2002) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 5 7, A167.
77. Park, K.S., Son, J.T., Chung, H.T., Kim, S.J., Lee, C.H., Kang, K.T., and Kim, H.G. (2004) Solid State Commun., 129 5, 311.
78. Huang, H. et al. (2001) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 4, A170.
79. Zhang, Z. et al. (1998) J. Power Sources, 70, 16.
80. Maleki, H., Deng, G., Anani, A., and Howard, J. (1999) J. Electrochem. Soc., 146 9, 3224.
81. Bransden, B.H. and Joachin, C.J. (1989) Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Longman Group UK Limited, p. 379.
82. Goodenough, J.B. (1994) Solid State Ionics, 69 (3-4), 184.
83. Lowe, J.P. (1993) Quantum Chemistry, Academic Press, Inc., p. 627.
84. Bethe, H.A. and Jackiw, R. (1997) Intermediate Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley Longman, p. 55.
85. Gross, E.K.U., Runge, E., and Heinonen, O. (1991) Many-Particle Theory, IOP Publishing, p. 51.
86. Parr, R.G. and Yang, W. (1989) Density-Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules, Oxford University Press, p. 7.
87. Hohenberg, P. and Kohn,W. (1964) Phys. Rev., 136 (3B), 864.
88. Jones, R.O. and Gunnarsson, O. (1989) Rev. Mod. Phys., 61, 689.
89. Kohn,W. and Sham, L.J. (1965) Phys. Rev., 140 (4A), 1133.
90. Perdew, J. and Yue,W. (1986) Phys. Rev. B, 33, 8800.
91. Perdew, J., Burke, K., and Ernzerhof, M. (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 3865.
92. Van der Ven, A. and Ceder, G. (2000) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 3 7, 301.
93. Van der Ven, A. and Ceder, G. (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 64 18, 184307.
94. Aydinol, M.K. et al. (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 56 3, 1354.
95. Kang, K. et al. (2004) Chem. Mater., 16, 2685.
96. Aydinol, M.K. and Ceder, G. (1997) J. Electrochem. Soc., 144 11, 3832.
97. Aydinol, M.K., Kohan, A.F., and Ceder, G. (1997) J. Power Sources, 68 2, 664.
98. Reed, J., Ceder, G., and Van Der Ven, A. (2001) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 4 6, A78.
99. Tepesch, P.D., Garburlsky, G.D., and Ceder, G. (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, 2272.
100. de Fontaine, D. (1994) Solid State Physics: Advances in Research and Applications (eds H. Ehrenreich and D. Turnbull), vol. 47, Academic, New York, pp. 33-176.
101. Sanchez, J.M., Ducastelle, F., and Gratias, D. (1984) Physica A, 128, 334.
102. Van der Ven, A. et al. (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58 6, 2975.
103. de Groot, S.R. and Mazur, P. (1984) Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Dover Publications, New York.
104. Onsager, L. (1931) Phys. Rev., 37, 405.
105. Onsager, L. (1931) Phys. Rev., 38, 2265.
106. Callen, H.B. and Welton, T.A. (1951) Phys. Rev., 83, 34.
107. Callen, H.B. and Greene, R.F. (1952) Phys. Rev., 86, 702.
108. Green, M.S. (1952) J. Chem. Phys., 20, 1281.
109. Green, M.S. (1954) J. Chem. Phys., 22, 398.
110. Kubo, R. (1957) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 12, 570.
111. Kubo, R., Yokota, M., and Nakajima, S. (1957) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 12, 1957.
112. Zwanzig, R. (1964) J. Chem. Phys., 40, 2527.
113. Zwanzig, R. (1965) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 16, 67.
114. Kang, K., Meng, Y.S., Breger, J., Grey, C.P., and Ceder, G. (2006) Science, 311, 977.
115. Reynolds, W.N. (1968) The Physical Properties of Graphite, Elsevier.
116. Pierson, H.O. (1993) Handbook of Carbon, Graphite, Diamond and Fullerenes, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.
117. Walker, P.L., Jr. (1969) Chemistry and Physics of Carbon-A Series of Advances, 5: Deposition, Structure and Properties of Pyrolytic Carbon, Marcel Dekker.
118. Winter, M. et al. (1998) Insertion electrode materials for lithium batteries. Adv. Mater., 10, 10.
119. Kambe, N., Dresselhaus, M.S., Dresselhaus, G., Basu, S., McGhie, A.R., and Fischer, J. (1979) Mater. Sci. Eng., 40, 1.
120. Song, X.Y., Kinoshita, K., and Tran, T.R. (1996) J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, L120.
121. Billaud, D., McRae, E., and Herold, A. (1979) Mater. Res. Bull., 14, 857.
122. van Schalkwijk, W.A. and Scrosati, Bruno (2002) Advances in Lithium Ion Batteries, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
123. Winter, M., Besenhard, J.O., Spahr, M.E., and Novak, P. (1998) Adv. Mater., 10, 725.
124. Mochida, I., Yoon, S.H., Korai, Y., Kanno, K., Sakai, Y., Komatsu, M., Marsh, H., and Rodriguez-Reinoso, F. (eds) (2000) Science of Carbon Materials, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante, Alcante, Spain.
125. Otani, S. (1965) Carbon, 3, 31.
126. Nemanich, R.J. and Solin, S.A. (1979) Phys. Rev. B, 20, 392.
127. Mathew, S., Joseph, B., Sekhar, B.R., and Dev, B.N. (2008) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 266, 3241.
128. American Institute of Physics (1970) J. Chem., Phys., 53, 1126.
129. Alvarez, R., Diez, M.A., Garcia, R., Gonzalez de Andres, A.I., Snape, C.E., and Moinelo, S.R. (1993) Energy Fuels, 7, 953.
130. Burchell, T.D. (1999) Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies, Elsevier Science.
131. Dahn, J.R., Zheng, T., Liu, Y., and Xue, J.S. (1995) Science, 270, 590.
132. Zheng, T., Liu, Y., Fuller, E.W., Tseng, S., Von. Sacken, U., and Dahn, J.R. (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 2581.
133. Gao,Y., Myrtle, K.,Mejji, Z., Reimers, J.N., and Dahn, J.R. (1996) Phys. Rev. B, 54, 23.
134. Zheng, T., McKinnon, W.R., and Dahn, J.R. (1996) J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 2137.
135. Claye, A. and Fischer, J.E. (1999) Electrochim. Acta, 45, 107.
136. Sato, K., Noguchi, M., Demachi, A., Oki, N., and Endo, M. (1994) Science, 264, 556.
137. Mabuchi, A. (1994) Tanso, 165, 298.
138. Wang, S., Matsumura, Y., and Maeda, T. (1995) Syn. Metals, 71, 1759.
139. Zheng, T. and Dahn, J.R. (1995) Syn. Metals, 73, 1.
140. Zheng, T., Reimers, J.N., and Dahn, J.R. (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 51, 734.
141. Zheng, T. and Dahn, J.R. (1996) Phys. Rev. B, 53, 3061.
142. Dahn, J.R., Sleigh, A.K., Shi, H., Reimers, J.N., Zhong, Q., and Way, B.N. (1993) Electrochim. Acta, 38, 1179.
143. Nazri, G.A. and Pistoia,Gianfranco (2004) Lithium Batteries Science and Technology, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
144. Nazri, G.A. and Pistoia, Gianfranco (2004) Chapter 5, in Lithium Batteries Science and Technology, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
145. Mabuchi, A., Fujimoto, H., Tokumitsu, K., and Kasuh, T. (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 3049.
146. Surampudi, S. and Koch, V.R. (1993) Lithium Batteries, The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, Pv 93-24.
147. Wakihara, M. and Yamamoto, O. (1998) Chap. 8, in Lithium Ion Batteries, Kodansha/Wiley-VCH, Tokyo/Weinheim.
148. Peled, E. (1979) J. Electrochem. Soc., 126, 2047.
149. Fong, R., von Sacken, U., and Dahn, J.R. (1990) J. Electrochem. Soc., 137, 2009.
150. Yamamoto, O., Takeda, Y., and Imanishi, N. (1993) Proceeding of the Symposium on New Sealed Rechargeable Batteries and Supercapacitors, The Electrochemical Society, Inc., Pennington, NJ, p. 302.
151. Bittihn, R., Herr, R., and Hoge, D. (1993) J. Power Sources, 43-44, 409.
152. Baseshard, J.O., Winter, M., Yang, J., and Biberacher,W. (1995) J. Power Sources, 54, 228.
153. Winter, M., Basenhard, J.O., and Novak, P. (1996) GDch Monographie, 3, 438.
154. Yamada, K., Tanaka, H., Mitate, T., and Yashikawa, M. (1997) U.S. Patent 5595938.
155. Shu, Z.X., McMillian, R.S., and Murray, J.J. (1993) J. Electrochem. Soc., 140, L101.
156. Kuribayashi, I., Yokoyama, M., and Yamashita, M. (1995) J. Power Sources, 54, 1.
157. Yamasaki, M., Nohma, T., Nishio, N., Kusumoto, Y., and Shoji, Y. (1999) U.S. Patent 5888671.
158. Buil, E., George, A.E., and Dahn, J.R. (1998) J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 2252.
159. Kinoshita, K. (1988) Carbon: Electrochemical and Physicochemical Properties, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
160. Takahagi, T. and Ishitani, A. (1984) Carbon, 22, 43.
161. Du Pasquier, A., Disma, F., Bowmer, T., Gozdz, A.S., Amatucci, G., and Tarascon, J.M. (1998) J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 472.
162. Spotnitz, R. and Franklin, J. (2003) J. Power Sources, 113, 81.
163. Isao Mochida, Chemistry and engineering of the carbon materials, Asakura (1990).
164. Huggins, R.A. (1999) J. Power Sources, 81-82, 13-19.
165. Tamura, N., Ohshita, R., Fujimoto, M., Kamino, M., and Fujitani, S. (2003) J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A679.
166. Winter, M. and Besenhard, J.O. (1999) Electrochim. Acta, 45, 31.
167. Wolfenstine, J. (1999) J. Power Sources, 79, 111.
168. Ronnebro, E., Yin, J., Kitano, A.,Wada, M., and Sakai, T. (2005) Solid State Ionics, 176, 2749.
169. Sreeraj, P., Wiemhofer, H.D., Hoffmann, R.D.,Walter, J., Kirfel, A., and Pottgen, R. (2006) Solid State Sciences, 8, 843.
170. Yin, J.,Wada, M., Yoshida, S., Ishihara, K., Tanese, S., and Sakai, T. (2003) J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A1129.
171. Nazri, G.A. and Pistoia,Gianfranco (2004) Chapter 4, in Lithium Batteries Science and Technology, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
172. http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/200502/05-006E/.
173. Xue, J.S. and Dahn, J.R. (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 3668.
174. Kuhn, A., Amandi, R., and Garcia-Alvarado, F. (2001) J. Power Sources, 92, 221.
175. Julien, C.M., Massot, M., and Zaghib, K. (2004) J. Power Sources, 136, 72.
176. Ariyoshi, K., Yamato, R., and Ohzuku, T. (2005) Electrochim. Acta, 51, 1125.
177. Ohzuku, T., Takeda, S., and Iwanaga, M. (1999) J. Power Sources, 81-82, 90.
178. Armstrong, A.R., Armstrong, G., Canales, J., and Bruce, P.G. (2005) J. Power Sources, 146, 501.
179. Brousse, T., Marchand, R., Taberna, P.L., and Simon, P. (2006) J. Power Sources, 158, 571-577.
180. Kuhn, A., Amandi, R., and Garcia-Alvarado, F. (2001) J. Power Sources, 92, 221-227.
181. Polzot, P., Laruelle, S., Grugeon, S., Dupont, L., and Tarascon, J.M. (2000) Nature, 407, 496.
182. Ohzuku, T., Ueda, A., and Yamamoto, N. (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 1431.
183. Oh, S.W., Park, S.H., and Sun, Y.K. (2006) J. Power Sources, 161, 1314.
184. Yamada, H., Yamato, T., Moriguchi, I., and Kudo, T. (2004) Solid State Ionics, 175, 195-198.
185. Baudrin, E., Cassaignon, S., Koelsch, M., Jolivot, J.P., Dupont, L., and Tarascon, J.M. (2007) Electrochem. Commun., 9, 337.
186. Shodai, T., Okada, S., Tobishima, S.I., and Yamaki, J.I. (1996) Solid State Ionics, 86-88, 785.
187. Shodai, T., Sakurai, Y., and Suzuki, T. (1999) Solid State Ionics, 122, 85.
188. Kasavajjula, U., Wang, C., and Appleby, A.J. (2007) J. Power Sources, 163, 1003.
189. Blomgren, B.E. (1983) Lithium Batteries, Academic Press, New York.
190. Ue, M., Murakami, A., and Nakamura, S. (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A1385.
191. Ue, M. (1994) J. Electrochem. Soc., 141, 3336.
192. Yoshio, M. and Kozawa, A. (1996) Lithium-Ion Secondary Battery: Materials and Application, 3rd edn, Nikkan Kougyo Shinbunsya.
193. Ue, M., Ida, K., and Mori, S. (1994) J. Electrochem. Soc., 141, 2989.
194. Ue, M., Takeda, M., Takehara, M., and Mori, S. (1997) J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 2684.
195. Ue, M., Murakami, A., and Nakamura, S. (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A1572.
196. Mori, S., Asahina, H., Suzuki, H., Yonei, A., and Yokoto, K. (1997) J. Power Sources, 68, 59.
197. Kominato, A., Yasukawa, E., Sato, N., Ijuuin,T., Asahina, H., and Mori, S. (1997) J. Power Sources, 68, 471.
198. Wang, Y., Nakamura, S., Ue, M., and Balbuena, P.B. (2001) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 11708.
199. Wang, Y., Nakamura, S., Tasaki, K., and Balbuena, P.B. (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 4408.
200. Abe, K., Ushigoe, Y., Yoshitake, H., and Yoshio, M. (2006) J. Power Sources, 153, 328.
201. Xiao, L., Ai, X., Cao, Y., and Yang, H. (2004) Electrochim. Acta, 49, 4189.
202. Shima, K., Shizuka, K., Ue, M., Ota, H., Hatozaki, T., and Yamaki, J. (2006) J. Power Sources, 161, 1264.
203. Bockris, J.O'M. and Reddy, A.K.N. (1970) Chapter 4, in Modern Electrochemistry, vol. 1, Plenum, New York.
204. MacInnes, D.A. (1961) Chapter 4, in The Principles of Electrochemistry, Dover, New York.
205. Devynck, J., Mossina, R., Pingarron, J., and Tremillon, B. (1984) J. Electrochem. Soc., 131, 2274.
206. Scordilis-Kelly, C. and Carlin, R.T. (1994) J. Electrochem. Soc., 141, 873.
207. Matsumoto, H., Yanagida, M., Tanimoto, K., Kojima, T., Tamiya, Y., and Miyazaki, Y. (2000) Molten Salts XII, The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, p. 186.
208. Fuller, J., Carlin, R.T., and Osteryoung, R.A. (1997) J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 3881.
209. Fuller, J.,Osteryoung, R.A.,andCarlin, R.T. (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 3632.
210. Kim, D.W., Sivakkumar, S.R., MacFarlane, D.R., Forsyth, M., and Sun, Y.K. (2008) J. Power Sources, 180, 591.
211. Cooper, E.I. and Angell, C.A. (1986) Solid State Ionics, 18-19, 570.
212. MacFarlane, D.R., Meakin, P., Sun, J., Amini, N., and Forsyth, M. (1999) J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 4164.
213. Matsumoto, H., Kageyama, H., and Miyazaki, Y. (2002) Chem. Commun., 16, 1726.
214. Hajime, M. (2002) Polym. Prep. Jpn., 51, 2758.
215. Xu, K. (2004) Chem. Rev., 104, 4303.
216. Barker, J. and Gao, F. (1998) U.S. Patent 5712059.
217. Fujimoto, M., Shouji, Y., Nohma, T., and Nishio, K. (1997) Denki Kagaku, 65, 949.
218. Simon, B. and Boeuve, J.P. (1997) U.S. Patent 5626981.
219. Holleck, G.L., Harris, P.B., Abraham, K.M., Buzby, J., and Brummer, S.B. (1982) Technical Report No. 6, Contract N00014-77-0155, EIC Laboratories, Newton, MA.
220. Abraham, K.M. and Brummer, S.B. (1983) Lithium Batteries (ed. J. Ganabo), Academic Press, New York.
221. Behl, W.K. and Chin, D.T. (1988) J. Electrochem. Soc., 135, 16.
222. Behl, W.K. and Chin, D.T. (1988) J. Electrochem. Soc., 135, 21.
223. Behl,W.K. (1989) J. Electrochem. Soc., 136, 1305.
224. Lee, Y.G. and Kim, K.M. (2008) J. Korean Electrochem. Soc., 11, 242.
225. Adachi, M., Tanaka, K., and Sekai, K. (1999) J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, 1256.
226. Chen, J., Buhrmester, C., and Dahn, J.R. (2005) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 8, A59.
227. Moshurchak, L.M., Buhrmester, C., and Dahn, J.R. (2005) J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, A1279.
228. Yoshino, A. (2002) Proceedings of the 4th Hawaii Battery Conference, Jan 8-11, ARAD Enterprises, Hilo, HI, p. 102.
229. Tobishima, S., Ogino, Y., andWatanabe, Y. (2003) J. Appl. Electrochem., 33, 143.
230. Izatt, R.M., Bradshaw, J.S., Nielson, S.A., Lamb, J.D., and Christensen, J.J. (1985) Chem. Rev., 85, 271.
231. Salomon, M. (1990) J. Solution Chem., 19, 1225.
232. Lee, H.S., Yang, X.Q., McBreen, J., Choi, L.S., and Okamoto, Y. (1996) J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 3825.
233. Lee, H.S., Sun, X., Yang, X.Q., McBreen, J., Callahan, J.H., and Choi, L.S. (2000) J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, 9.
234. Tasaki, K. and Nakamura, S. (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A984.
235. Prakash, J. (2005) Battery Technology Symposium, KERI, Korea.
236. Lee, C.W., Joachin, H., Hui, Y., and Prakash, J. (2000) Rechargeable Lithium Batteries, The Electrochemical Society Proc. PV 2000-21, p. 297.
237. Lee, C.W., Venkatachalapathy, R., and Prakash, J. (2000) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 3 2, 63.
238. Prakash, J., Lee, C.W., and Amine, K. (2002) U.S. Patent 6455200.
239. Lee, C.W., Venkatachalapathy, R., and Prakash, J. (2000) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 3 2, 63.
240. Shu, Z.X., McMillan, R.S., Murray, J.J., and Davidson, J. (1996) J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 2230.
241. Arai, J., Katayama, H., and Akahoshi, H. (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A217.
242. Zhang, S.S., Xu, K., and Jow, T.R. (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A586.
243. Barthel, J., Wuhr, M., Buestrich, R., and Gores, H.J. (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 2527.
244. Barthel, J., Schmidt, M., and Gores, H.J. (1998) J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, L17.
245. Handa, M., Suzuki, M., Suzuki, J., Kanematsu, H., and Sasaki, Y. (1999) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 2, 60.
246. Ishikawa, M., Sugimoto, T., Kikuta, M., Ishiko, E., and Kono, M. (2006) J. Power Sources, 162, 658.
247. Sugimoto, T., Kikuta, M., Ishiko, E., Kono, M., and Ishikawa, M. (2008) J. Power Sources, 183, 436.
248. Wright, P.V. (1975) Br. Polym. J., 7, 319.
249. Vashishta, P., Mundy, J.N., and Shenoy, G.K. (1979) Fast Ion Transport in Solids, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
250. MacCallum, J.R. and Vincent, C.A. (1987) Polymer Electrolyte Reviews, vol. 1, Elsevier Applied Science, London.;
251. MacCallum, J.R. and Vincent, C.A. (1989) Polymer Electrolyte Reviews, vol. 2, Elsevier Applied Science, London.
252. Scrosati, B. (1993) Applications of Electroactive Polymers, Chapman and Hall, London.
253. Gray, F.M. (1997) Polymer Electrolytes, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
254. Song, J.Y., Wang, Y.Y., and Wan, C.C. (1999) J. Power Sources, 77, 183.
255. Kim, D.W. and Park, J.K. (2000) IEEK J., 27 8, 803.
256. Gozdz, A.S., Tarascon, J.M., Gebizlioglu, O.S., Schmutz, C.N., Warren, P.C., and Shokoohi, F.K. (1995) PV 94-28 The Electrochemical Society Proceedings Series, Pennington, NJ, p. 400.
257. Kim, D.W. and Jeong, Y.B. (2004) J. Power Sources, 128, 256.
258. Gee, M. and Olsen, I. (1996) U.S. Patent 5534365.
259. Narukawa, S. and Nakane, I. (2000) 10th IMLB, June 1, Como, Italy, Abstract 38.
260. Watanabe, M., Suzuki, Y., and Nishimoto, A. (2000) Electrochim. Acta, 45, 1187.
261. Tominaga, Y. and Ohno, H. (2000) Electrochim. Acta, 45, 3081.
262. Benrabah, D., Sylla, S., Alloin, F., Sanchez, J.Y., and Armand, M. (1995) Electrochim. Acta, 40, 2259.
263. Cowie, J.M.G. and Spence, G.H. (1999) Solid State Ionics, 123, 233.
264. Bayoudh, S., Pavizel, N., and Reibel, L. (2000) Polym. Intern., 49, 703.
265. Okamoto, Y., Yeh, T.F., Lee, H.S., and Skotheim, T.A. (1993) J. Polym. Sci., 31, 2573.
266. Noda, A. and Watanabe, M. (2000) Electrochim. Acta, 45, 1265.
267. Sakaebe, H. and Matsumoto, H. (2003) Electrochem. Commun., 5, 594.
268. Mao, Z. and White, R.E. (1993) J. Power Sources, 43, 181.
269. Tye, F.L. (1983) J. Power Sources, 9, 89.
270. Caldwell, D.L.,Pouch, U.S. Patent 4,464,238 (1984).
271. Arora, P. and Zhang, Z. (2004) Chem. Rev., 104, 4419.
272. Yamamoto, T., Hara, T., Segawa, K., Honda, K., and Akashi, H. (2007) J. Power Sources, 174, 1036.
273. Lee, S., Kim, J., Park, P., Shin, B., Hong, J., Kim, I., and Ahn, S. (2007) Lithium Mobile Power, San Diego.
274. Augustin, S., Hennige, V., Hoerpel, G., and Hying, C. (2002) Desalination, 146, 23.
275. Kim, J.,Han,W., and Min, J. Korea Patent 2007-0005341.
276. Zhang, S.S. and Xu, K. (2005) J. Power Sources, 140, 361.
277. Augustin, S., Hennige, V., Hoerpel, G., and Hying, C. (2002) Desalination, 146, 23.
278. Zhang, S.S. and Xu, K. (2005) J. Power Sources, 140, 361.
279. Takemura, T., Aihara, S., Hamano, K., Kise, M., Nishimura, T., Urishibata, H., and Yoshiyasu, H. (2005) J. Power Sources, 146, 779.
280. Park, J.K. (1988) Proceedings of the 33rd International Power Sources Symposium, 97, p. A0063366.
281. Winter, M., Besenhard, J.O., Spahr, M.E., and Novak, P., (1998) Adv.Mater., 10, 725.
282. Peled, E., Golodnitsky, D.,Menachem, C., and Bar Tow, D., (1998) J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 3483.
283. Campbell, S.A., Bowes, C., and McMillan, R.S., (1990) J. Electroanal. Chem., 284, 195.
284. Zhang, X., Kostecki, R., Richardson, T.J., Pugh, J.K., and Ross, P.N., Jr., (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A1341.
285. Wang, Y., Nakamura, S., Ue, M., and Balbuena, P.B., (2001) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 11708.
286. Xu, K., (2004) Chem. Rev., 104, 4303.
287. Kanamura, K., Toriyama, S., Shiraishi, S., and Takehara, Z., (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 1383.
288. Zhang, X., Pugh, J.K., and Ross, P.N., Jr., (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, E183.
289. Thompson, J.B., Brown, P., and Djerassi, C., (1966) Tetrahedron, 1, 241.
290. Peled, E., (1979) J. Electrochem. Soc., 126, 2047.
291. Gabano, J.P., (1983) Lithium Batteries, Academic Press, New York, p. 43.
292. Peled, E., Golodnitsky, D., and Ardel, G., (1997) J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, L208.
293. Kanamura, K., Shiraishi, S., and Takehara, Z., (1995) Chem. Lett., 24, 209.
294. Selim, R., and Bro, P., (1974) J. Electrochem. Soc., 121, 1467.
295. Day, A.N. and Sullivan, B.P., (1970) J. Electrochem. Soc., 117, 222.
296. Aurbach, D., Markovsky, B., Shechter, A., and Ein-Eli, Y., (1996) J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 3809.
297. Zhuang, G.V., Yang, H., Ross, P.N., Jr., Xu, K., and Richard Jow, T., (2006) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 9, A64.
298. Du Pasquier, A., Disma, F., Bowmer, T., Gozdz, A.S., Amatucci, G., and Tarascon, J.M., (1998) J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 472.
299. Kanamura, K., Tamura, H., Shiraishi, S., and Takehara, Z., (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 340.
300. Fong, R., Sacken, U., and Dahn, J.R., (1990) J. Electrochem. Soc., 137, 2009.
301. Peled, E.,Menachem, C., Bar-Tow, D., and Melman, A., (1996) J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, L4.
302. Besenhard, J.O., Winter, M., Yang, J., and Biberacher, W., (1993) J. Power Sources, 54, 228.
303. Guyomard, D., and Tarascon, J.M., (1993) US Patent 5192629.
304. Shu, Z.X., McMillan, R.S., and Murray, J., (1993) J. Electrochem. Soc., 140, 922.
305. Dahn, J.R. et al. (1994) Lithium Batteries: New Materials, Development and Perspectives, Elsevier, p. 22.
306. Zhuang, G.V., Xu, K., Yang, H., Richard Jow, T., and Ross, P.N., Jr., (2005) J. Phys. Chem. Soc., 109, 17567.
307. Aurbach, D., (2000) J. Power Sources, 89, 206.
308. Jeong, S.K., Inaba, M., Abe, T., and Ogumi, Z., (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A989.
309. Xu, K., Lee, U., Zhang, S., Wood, M., and Richard Jow, T., (2003) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 6, A144.
310. Xu, K., Zhang, S., and Richard Jow, T., (2005) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 8, A365.
311. Ota, H., Sakata, Y., Inoue, A., and Yamaguchi, S., (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, A1659.
312. Song, S.W., Striebel, K.A., Reade, R.P., Roberts, G.A., and Cairns, E.J., (2003) J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A121.
313. Song, S.W., Reade, R.P., Cairns, E.J., Vaughey, J.T., Thackeray, M.M., and Striebel, K.A., (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, A1012.
314. Ulus, A., Rosenberg, Y., Burstein, L., and Peled, E., (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A635.
315. Wachtleri, M., Wohlfahrt-Mehrensi, M., Bele, S.S., Panitz, J.C., and Wietelmann, U., (2006) J. Appl. Electrochem., 36, 1199.
316. Aurbach, D., Levi, M.D., Levi, E., Markovsky, B., Salitra, G., Teller, H., Heider, U., and Hilarius F V., (1997) Batteries for Portable Applications and Electric Vehicles, PV 97-18, The Electrochemical Society Proceedings Series, Pennington, NJ, p. 941.
317. Zhuang, G.V., Chen, G., Shim, J., Song, X., Ross, P.N., and Richardson, T.J., (2004) J. Power Sources, 134, 293.
318. Song, S.W., Zhuang, G.V., and Ross, P.N., (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, A1161.
319. Aurbach, D., Gamolsky, K., Markosky, B., Salitra, G., Gofer, Y., Heider, U., Oesten, R., and Schmidt, M., (2000) J. Electrochem. Soc., 147, 1322.
320. Thomas, M.G.S.R., Bruce, P.G., and Goodenough, J.B., (1985) J. Electrochem. Soc., 132, 1521.
321. Levi, M.D., Salitra, G., Markovsky, B., Teller, H., Aurbach, D., Heider, U., and Heider, L., (1999) J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, 1279.
322. Zhang, S.S., Xu, K., and Jow, T.R., (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A1521.
323. Eriksson, T., Andersson, A.M., Bishop, A.G., Gejke, C., Gustafsson, T., and Thomas, J.O., (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A69.
324. Matsuo, Y., Kostecki, R., and McLarnon, F., (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A687.
325. Kanamura, K., Toriyama, S., Shiraishi, S., Ohashi, M., and Takehara, Z., (1996) J. Electroanal. Chem., 419, 77.
326. Guyomard, D., and Tarascon, J.M., (1992) J. Electrochem. Soc., 140, 3071.
327. Aurbach, D., Gamolsky, K., Markosky, B., Salitra, G., Gofer, Y., Heider, U., Oesten, R., and Schmidt, M., (2000) J. Electrochem. Soc., 147, 1322.
328. Hunter, J.C., (1981) J. Solid State Chem., 39, 142.
329. Jang, D.H. and Oh, S.M., (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 3342.
330. Zhang, S.S., Xu, K., and Jow, T.R., (2002) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 5, A92.
331. Imhof, R. and Novak, P., (1999) J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, 1702.
332. Song, S.W., Reade, R.P., Kostecki, R., and Striebel, K.A., (2006) J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, A12.
333. Herstedt, M., Stjerndahl, M., Nyten, A., Gustafsson, T., Rensmo, H., Siegbahn, H., Ravet, N., Armand, M., Thomas, J.O., and Edstrom, K., (2003) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 6, A202.
334. Striebel, K., Shim, J., Sierra, A., Yang, H., Song, X., Kostecki, R., and McCarthy, K., (2005) J. Power Sources, 146, 33.
335. Rho, Y.H., Nazar, L.F., Perry, L., and Ryan, D., (2007) J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, A283.
336. Koltypin, M., Aurbach, D., Nazar, L., and Ellis, B., (2007) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 10, A40.
337. Song, S.W., Reade, R.P., Kostecki, R., and Striebel, K.A., (2004) Private Report.
338. Herstedt, M., Stjerndahl, M., Nyten, A., Gustafsson, T., Rensmo, H., Siegbahn, H., Ravet, N., Armand, M., Thomas, J.O., and Edstrom, K., (2003) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 6, A202.
339. Koltypin, M., Aurbach, D., Nazar, L., and Ellis, B., (2007) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 10, A40.
340. Morita, M., Shibata, T., Yoshimoto, N., and Ishikaw, M., (2002) Electrochim. Acta, 47, 2787.
341. Lide, D.R. (2005) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
342. Lopez, S., Petit, J.P., Dunlop, H.M., Butruille, J.R., and Tourillon, G.J., (1998) J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 823.
343. Chen, Y., Devine, T.M., Evans, J.W., Monteiro, O.R., and Brown, I.G., (1999) J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, 1310.
344. Zhang, S. and Jow, T.R., (2002) J. Power Sources, 109, 458.
345. Krause, L.J., Lamanna, W., Summerfield, J., Engle, M., Korba, G., Loch, R., and Atanasoski, R., (1997) J. Power Sources, 68, 320.
346. Zhang, S.S., and Jow, T.R., (2002) J. Power Sources, 109, 458.
347. Yang, H., Kwon, K., Devine, T.M., and Evans, J.E., (2000) J. Electrochem. Soc., 147, 4399.
348. Kanamura, K., Umegaki, T., Shiraishi, S., Ohashi, M., and Takehara, Z., (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A185.
349. Wang, X., Yasukawa, E., and Mori, S., (2000) Electrochim. Acta, 45, 2677.
350. Zhang, S.S., Xu, K., and Jow, T.R., (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A586.
351. Song, S.W., Richardson, T.J., Zhuang, G.V., Devine, T.M., and Evans, J.W., (2004) Electrochim. Acta, 49, 1483.
352. Zhang, X. and Devine, T.M., (2006) J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, B365.
353. Zhang, X., Winget, B., Doeff, M., Evans, J.W., and Devine, T.M., (2005) J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, B448.
354. Beak, W.K. and Park, S.M. (2003) Electrochemistry, CheongMonGak.
355. Wang, J. (2006) Analytical Electrochemistry, 3rd edn, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.
356. Pyun, S.I. (2001) Introduction to Material Electrochemistry, SigmaPress.
357. Jung, K.N. and Pyun, S.I. (2007) Electrochim. Acta, 52, 5453.
358. Deiss, E. (2005) Electrochim. Acta, 50, 2927.
359. Kim, S.W. and Pyun, S.I. (2002) J. Electroanal. Chem., 528, 114.
360. Vorotyntsev, M.A., Levi, M.D., and Aurbach, D. (2004) J. Electroanal. Chem., 572, 299.
361. Deiss, E. (2002) Electrochim.Acta, 47, 4027.
362. Orazem, M.E. and Trobollet, B. (2008) Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
363. Scully, J.R., Silverman, D.C., and Kendig, M.W. (1993) Electrochemical Impedance: Analysis and Interpretation, ASTM International.
364. Barsoukov, E. and Macdonald, J.R. (2005) Impedance Spectroscopy, 2nd edn, Wiley-Interscience.
365. White, R.E., Bockris, J.O'M., and Conway, B.E. (1999) Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, p. 32, Chapter 2.
366. Buttry, D.A. and Ward, M.D. (1992) Chem. Rev., 92, 1355.
367. Bard, A.J. (1991) Electroanalytical Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, New York.
368. Aurbach, D. and Mashkovich, M. (1998) J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 2629.
369. Song,S.W.,Richardson,T.J.,Zhuang,G.V., Devine, T.M., and Evans, J.W. (2004) Electrochim. Acta, 49, 1483.
370. Uchida, I., Mohamedi, M., Dokko, K., Nishizawa, M., Itoh, T., and Umeda, M. (2001) J. Power Sources, 97-98, 518.
371. Cullity, B.D. (1978) Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
372. Bish, D.L. and Post, J.E. (1989) Modern Powder Diffraction: Reviews in Mineralogy, vol. 20, Mineralogical Society of America.
373. Rokakuho, U. (1991) X-ray Diffraction Analysis, Bando Publishing.
374. Yonemura, M., Yamada, A., Takei, Y., Sonoyama, N., and Kanno, R. (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, A1352.
375. Amatucci, G.G., Tarascon, J.M., and Klein, L.C. (1996) J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 1114.
376. Novak, P., Panitz, J.C., Joho, F., Lanz, M., Imhof, R., and Coluccia, M. (2000) J. Power Sources, 90, 52.
377. Dahn, J.R. and Haering, R.R. (1981) Solid State Commun., 40, 245.
378. Richard, M.N., Koetschau, I., and Dahn, J.R. (1997) J. Eelectrochem. Soc., 144, 554.
379. Morcrette, M., Chabre, Y., Vaughan, G., Amatucci, G., Leriche, J.B., Patoux, S., Masquelier, C., and Tarascon, J.M. (2002) Electrochim. Acta, 47, 3137.
380. Hatchard, T.D. and Dahn, J.R. (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, A838.
381. Tarascon, J.M., Gozdz, A.S., Schmutz, C., Shokoohi, F., and Warren, P.C. (1996) Solid State Ionics, 86-88, 49.
382. Morcrette, M., Chabre, Y., Vaughan, G., Amatucci, G., Leriche, J.B., Patoux, S., Masquelier, C., and Tarascon, J.M. (2002) Electrochim. Acta, 47, 3137.
383. Palacin, M.R., Chabre, Y., Dupont, L., Hervieu, M., Strobel, P., Rousse, G., Masquelier, C., Anne, M., Amatucci, G.G., and Tarascon, J.M. (2000) J. Electrochem. Soc., 147, 845.
384. Harris, D.C. (2003) Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th edn, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
385. Lin-Vien, D., Colthup, N.B., Fately, W.G., and Graselli, J.G. (1991) The Handbook of Infrared and Raman Characteristic Frequencies of Organic Molecules, Academic Press, San Diego.
386. Aldrich (2003)Handbook of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory Equipment, Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, p. 1494.
387. Kolasinsky, K.W. (2002) Surface Science, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
388. Zhuang, G.V., Xu, K., Yang, H., Jow, T.R., and Ross, P.N., Jr. (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 17567.
389. Kanamura, K., Toriyama, S., Shiraishi, S., and Takehara, Z. (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 1383.
390. Wartewig, S. (2003) IR and Raman Spectroscopy: Fundamental Processing, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.
391. Schrader, B. (1995) Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy: Methods and Applications, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, New York.
392. Kostecki, R. and Mclarnon, F. (2004) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 7, A380.
393. Panitz, J.C., Joho, F., and Novak, P. (2000) Appl. Spectrosc., 53, 1188.
394. Inaba, M., Iriyama, Y., Ogumi, Z., Todzuka, Y., and Tasaka, A. (1997) J. Raman Spectrosc., 28, 613.
395. Nelson, J.H. (2003) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
396. Fyfe, C.A. (1983) Solid State NMR for Chemists, CFC Press, Guelph.
397. Kerlau, M., Reimer, J.A., and Cairns, E.J. (2005) Electrochem. Commun., 7, 1249.
398. Nakamura, K., Moriga, T., Sumi, A., Kashu, Y., Michihiro, Y., Nakabayashi, I., and Kanashiro, T. (2005) Solid State Ionics, 176, 837.
399. Ertl, G. and Kuppers, J. (1985) Low Energy Electrons and Surface Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim.
400. Muilenberg, G.E. (1978) Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Perkin-Elmer, Minesota.
401. Regan, E., Groutso, T., Metson, J.B., Steiner, R., Ammundsen, B., Hassell, D., and Pickering, P. (1999) Surf. Interface Anal., 27, 1064.
402. Shirley, D.A. (1972) Phys. Rev. B, 5, 4709.
403. Andersson, A.M., Henningson, A., Siegbahn, H., Jansson, U., and Edstrom, K. (2003) J. Power Sources, 119, 522.
404. Teo, B.K. (1986) EXAFS: Basic Principles and Data Analysis, Springer, Berlin.
405. Sayers, D.E. and Bunker, B.A. (1988) in X-ray Absorption: Principles,Applications, Techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS and XANES (eds D.C. Koningsberger and R. Prins), Wiley-Interscience, New York.
406. Lytle, F.W. (1989) in Applications of Synchrotron Radiation (eds H. Winick et al..), Gordon and Breach Science, New York.
407. Mosset, A. and Galy, J. (1989) in Applications of Synchrotron Radiation (eds H. Winick et al..), Gordon and Breach Science, New York.
408. Yoon, W.S., Chung, K.Y., McBreen, J., Zaghib, K., and Yang, X. (2006) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 9, A415.
409. Sayers, D.E., Stern, E.A., and Lytle, F.W. (1971) Phys. Rev. Lett., 27, 1204.
410. Balasubramanian, M., Sun, X., Yang, X.Q., and McBreen, J. (2001) J. Power Sources, 92, 1.
411. Williams, D.B. (1996) Carter, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Plenum Press, New York.
412. Fultz, B. and Howe, J.M. (2001) Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffractometry of Materials, Springer.
413. Striebel, K.A., Shim, J., Cairns, E.J., Kostecki, R., Lee, Y.J., Reimer, J., Richardson, T.J., Ross, P.N., Song, X., and Zhuang, G.V. (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, A857.
414. Kim, C., Noh, M., Choi, M., Cho, J., and Park, B. (2005) Chem. Mater., 17, 3297.
415. Poizot, P., Laruelle, S., Grugeon, S., Dupont, L., and Tarascon, J.M. (2000) Nature, 407, 496.
416. Goldstein, J.I., Newbury, D.E., Echlin, P., Joy, C., Romig, A.D., Lyman, C.E., Fiori, C., and Lifshin, E. (1992) Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, Plenum Press.
417. Reed, S.J.B. (1996) Electron Microprobe Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy in Geology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
418. Jaksch, H.(Oct. 1996) Materials world.
419. Orsini, F., Dupont, L., Beaudoin, B., Grugeon, S., and Tarascon, J.M. (2000) Int. J. Inorg. Mater., 2, 701.
420. Sun, Y.K., Myung, S.T., Kim, M.H., and Kim, J.H. (2006) Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 9, A171.
421. Binning, G., Quate, C.F., and Gerber, C. (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett., 56, 930.
422. Cohen, S.H., Bray, M.T., and Lightbody, M.L. (1994) Atomic Force Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Plenum Press, New York.
423. Aurbach, D. and Cohen, Y. (1996) J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 3525.
424. Jeong, S.K., Inaba, M., Abe, T., and Ogumi, Z. (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A989.
425. Haines, P.J. (2002) Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Royal Society of Chemistry.
426. Ford, J.L. and Mann, T.E. (2012) Adv. DrugDeliv. Rev., 64, 422.
427. MacNeila, D.D. and Dahn, J.R. (2003) J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A21.
428. Langmuir, I. (1928) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1368.
429. Lowell, S., Shields, J.E., Thomas, M.A., and Thomas, M. (2004) Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area, Pore Size and Density, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
430. Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H., and Teller, E. (1938) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60, 309.
431. Sing, S.W., Everett, D.H., Haul., R.A.W., Moscou, L., Pierotti, R.A., Rouquerol, J., and Siemieniewska, T. (1985) Pure Appl. Chem., 57, 603.
432. Buiel, E., George, A.E., and Dahn, J.R. (1998) J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 2252.
433. Lim, D.J. (2000) Battery Technology Symposium in Korea, The Korean Society of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry.
434. Schalkwijk, W.A. and Scrosati, B. (2002) Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries, Kluwer Academic, New York.
435. Hong, Y.S. (2006) Advanced Secondary Battery Technologies, The Korea Industrial Technology Association.
436. Kim, S.S. (2008) Industrial Trends on Lithium Secondary Batteries for Mobile IT. Electronic Times, Seoul.
437. Kim, M.H. (2008) Symposium on ChemicalMaterials for Energy Conversion, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon.