Work function, band bending, and microwave conductivity studies on the selective alkane oxidation catalyst MoVTeNb oxide (orthorhombic M1 phase) under operation conditions

Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Volumn 117, Issue 51, 2013, Pages 26988-26997

  Heine, Christian ^a   Hävecker, Michael ^a,b   Sanchez Sanchez, Maricruz ^a   Trunschke, Annette ^a   Schlögl, Robert ^a   Eichelbaum, Maik ^a,c  

^a FRITZ HABER INSTITUT DER MAX PLANCK GESELLSCHAFT   (Germany)

^b HAHN MEITNER INSTITUT   (Germany)

^c TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRON WORK FUNCTIONS; FIXED BED-FLOW REACTOR; MICROWAVE CONDUCTIVITY; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURE; SITU X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; SURFACE-STATE ENERGIES;

CATALYSTS; FERMI LEVEL; GASES; PHOTOELECTRONS; WORK FUNCTION; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

PARAFFINS;

EID: 84891386881     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp409601h     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Cavani, F. Catalytic Selective Oxidation: The Forefront in the Challenge for a More Sustainable Chemical Industry Catal. Today 2010, 157, 8-15
2. Morrison, S. R. The Chemical Physics of Surfaces; Plenum Press: New York, 1977.
3. Boudart, M. Electronic Chemical Potential in Chemisorption and Catalysis J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 1531-1535
4. Volkenshtein, F. F. The Electronic Theory of Catalysis on Semiconductors; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1963.
5. Grasselli, R. K. Fundamental Principles of Selective Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis Top. Catal. 2002, 21, 79-88
6. Hävecker, M.; Wrabetz, S.; Kröhnert, J.; Csepei, L. I.; Naumann d'Alnoncourt, R.; Kolen'ko, Y. V.; Girgsdies, F.; Schlögl, R.; Trunschke, A. Surface Chemistry of Phase-Pure M1 MoVTeNb Oxide During Operation in Selective Oxidation of Propane to Acrylic Acid J. Catal. 2012, 285, 48-60
7. Wachs, I. E.; Routray, K. Catalysis Science of Bulk Mixed Oxides ACS Catal. 2012, 2, 1235-1246
8. Eichelbaum, M.; Hävecker, M.; Heine, C.; Karpov, A.; Dobner, C. K.; Rosowski, F.; Trunschke, A.; Schlögl, R. The Intimate Relationship between Bulk Electronic Conductivity and Selectivity in the Catalytic Oxidation of n -Butane Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 6246-6250
9. Concepcion, P.; Hernandez, S.; Nieto, J. M. L. On the Nature of Active Sites in MoVTeO and MoVTeNbO Catalysts: The Influence of Catalyst Activation Temperature Appl. Catal., A 2011, 391, 92-101
10. Celaya Sanfiz, A.; Hansen, T. W.; Teschner, D.; Schnörch, P.; Girgsdies, F.; Trunschke, A.; Schlögl, R.; Hong Looi, M.; Abd Hamid, S. B. Dynamics of the MoVTeNb Oxide M1 Phase in Propane Oxidation J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 1912-1921
11. Kleimenov, E.; Bluhm, H.; Hävecker, M.; Knop-Gericke, A.; Pestryakov, A.; Teschner, D.; Lopez-Sanchez, J. A.; Bartley, J. K.; Hutchings, G. J.; Schlögl, R. XPS Investigations of VPO Catalysts under Reaction Conditions Surf. Sci. 2005, 575, 181-188
12. Hävecker, M.; Mayer, R. W.; Knop-Gericke, A.; Bluhm, H.; Kleimenov, E.; Liskowski, A.; Su, D.; Follath, R.; Requejo, F. G.; Ogletree, D. F. In Situ Investigation of the Nature of the Active Surface of a Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalyst during n -Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 4587-4596
13. Bluhm, H.; Hävecker, M.; Kleimenov, E.; Knop-Gericke, A.; Liskowski, A.; Schlögl, R.; Su, D. S. In Situ Surface Analysis in Selective Oxidation Catalysis: n -Butane Conversion over VPP Top. Catal. 2003, 23, 99-107
14. Schlögl, R. Active Sites for Propane Oxidation: Some Generic Considerations Top. Catal. 2011, 54, 627-638
15. Eichelbaum, M.; Stößer, R.; Karpov, A.; Dobner, C.-K.; Rosowski, F.; Trunschke, A.; Schlögl, R. The Microwave Cavity Perturbation Technique for Contact-Free and In Situ Electrical Conductivity Measurements in Catalysis and Materials Science Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012, 14, 1302-1312
16. Kolen'ko, Y. V.; Zhang, W.; Naumann d'Alnoncourt, R.; Girgsdies, F.; Hansen, T. W.; Wolfram, T.; Schlögl, R.; Trunschke, A. Synthesis of MoVTeNb Oxide Catalysts with Tunable Particle Dimensions ChemCatChem 2011, 3, 1597-1606
17. Slater, J. C. Microwave Electronics Rev. Mod. Phys. 1946, 18, 441-512
18. Chen, L.-F.; Ong, C. K.; Neo, C. P.; Varadan, V. V.; Varadan, V. K. Microwave Electronics: Measurement and Materials Characterization; Wiley: New York, 2004.
19. Looyenga, H. Dielectric Constants of Heterogeneous Mixtures Physica 1965, 31, 401-406
20. Dube, D. C. Study of Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga's Formula for Dielectric Correlation between Powder and Bulk J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1970, 3, 1648-1652
21. Vass, E. M.; Hävecker, M.; Zafeiratos, S.; Teschner, D.; Knop-Gericke, A.; Schlögl, R. The Role of Carbon Species in Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes: An In Situ Soft X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2008, 20, 184016
22. Bluhm, H.; Hävecker, M.; Knop-Gericke, A.; Kiskinova, M.; Schlögl, R.; Salmeron, M. In Situ X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of Gas-Solid Interfaces at Near-Ambient Conditions MRS Bull. 2007, 32, 1022-1030
23. Helander, M. G.; Greiner, M. T.; Wang, Z. B.; Lu, Z. H. Pitfalls in Measuring Work Function Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy Appl. Surf. Sci. 2010, 256, 2602-2605
24. Yeh, J. J.; Lindau, I. Atomic Subshell Photoionization Cross-Sections and Asymmetry Parameters-1 Less-Than-Or-Equal-To Z Less-Than-Or-Equal-To 103 At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 1985, 32, 1-155
25. Yuan, L.; Guliants, V. V.; Banares, M. A.; Khatib, S. J. TIC-09-Mesoporous Niobium-Based Mixed Metal Oxides Containing Mo, V, and Te for Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation Top. Catal. 2008, 49, 268-280
26. Meyer, J.; Zilberberg, K.; Riedl, T.; Kahn, A. Electronic Structure of Vanadium Pentoxide: An Efficient Hole Injector for Organic Electronic Materials J. Appl. Phys. 2011, 110, 033710
27. Greiner, M. T.; Chai, L.; Helander, M. G.; Tang, W. M.; Lu, Z. H. Transition Metal Oxide Work Functions: The Influence of Cation Oxidation State and Oxygen Vacancies Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22, 4557-4568
28. 3 in the Enhancement of Hole-Injection in Organic Thin Films Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95, 123301
29. Meyer, J.; Kroger, M.; Hamwi, S.; Gnam, F.; Riedl, T.; Kowalsky, W.; Kahn, A. Charge Generation Layers Comprising Transition Metal-Oxide/Organic Interfaces: Electronic Structure and Charge Generation Mechanism Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 96, 193302
30. Ganduglia-Pirovano, M. V.; Hofmann, A.; Sauer, J. Oxygen Vacancies in Transition Metal and Rare Earth Oxides: Current State of Understanding and Remaining Challenges Surf. Sci. Rep. 2007, 62, 219-270
31. Safonova, O. V.; Deniau, B.; Millet, J.-M. M. Mechanism of the Oxidation-Reduction of the MoVSbNbO Catalyst: In Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Electrical Conductivity Measurements J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 23962-23967
32. Caldararu, M.; Scurtu, M.; Hornoiu, C.; Munteanu, C.; Blasco, T.; López Nieto, J. M. Electrical Conductivity of a MoVTeNbO Catalyst in Propene Oxidation Measured in Operando Conditions Catal. Today 2010, 155, 311-318
33. 5: Insights from Contactless In Situ Microwave Permittivity and Conductivity Measurements Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 2013, 112, 289-296
34. Lüth, H. Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films; Springer Verlag: New York, 2001.
35. 2: Oxygen Ionosorption and Spectroscopic Evidence for Adsorbed Oxygen ChemPhysChem 2006, 7, 2041-2052
36. Lüth, H. Space Charge Layer; Springer Verlag: New York, 2001.
37. Botella, P.; Dejoz, A.; Abello, M. C.; Vazquez, M. I.; Arrua, L.; Nieto, J. M. L. Selective Oxidation of Ethane: Developing an Orthorhombic Phase in Mo-V-X (X = Nb, Sb, Te) Mixed Oxides Catal. Today 2009, 142, 272-277
38. Lintz, H. G.; Muller, S. P. The Partial Oxidation of Propane on Mixed Metal Oxides-A Short Overview Appl. Catal., A 2009, 357, 178-183
39. Baca, M.; Millet, J. M. M. Bulk Oxidation State of the Different Cationic Elements in the MoVTe(Sb)NbO Catalysts for Oxidation or Ammoxidation of Propane Appl. Catal., A 2005, 288, 243-243
40. Brückner, A. Spin-Spin Exchange in Vanadium-Containing Catalysts Studied by In Situ-EPR: A Sensitive Monitor for Disorder-Related Activity Top. Catal. 2006, 38, 133-139
41. Shiju, N. R.; Rondinone, A. J.; Mullins, D. R.; Schwartz, V.; Overbury, S. H.; Guliants, V. V. XANES Study of Hydrothermal Mo-V-Based Mixed Oxide. M1-Phase Catalysts for the (Amm)oxidation of Propane Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 6611-6616
42. Zimmermann, R.; Claessen, R.; Reinert, F.; Steiner, P.; Hufner, S. Strong Hybridization in Vanadium Oxides: Evidence from Photoemission and Absorption Spectroscopy J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1998, 10, 5697-5716
43. Smoluchowski, R. Anisotropy of the Electronic Work Wunction of Metals Phys. Rev. 1941, 60, 661-674
44. Sze, S. M.; Ng, K. K. Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 3 rd ed.; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007.