Older adults have diminished awareness of errors in the laboratory and daily life

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1032-1041

  Harty, Siobhán ^a   O'Connell, Redmond G ^a   Hester, Robert ^b   Robertson, Ian H ^a  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cognitive aging; Error awareness; Prefrontal cortex; Self awareness; Sustained attention

Indexed keywords

AGING; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; HUMAN; MEMORY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RECOGNITION;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PERFORMANCE ANXIETY; QUESTIONNAIRES; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84891117487     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: 19391498     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0033567     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Agnew, S. K., & Morris, R. G. (1998). The heterogeneity of anosognosia for memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: A review of the literature and a proposed model. Aging & Mental Health, 2, 7-19. doi: 10.1080/13607869856876
2. Balota, D. A., Dolan, P. O., & Duchek, J. M. (2000). Memory changes in healthy young and older adults. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of memory (pp. 395-410). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
3. Band, G. P., & Kok, A. (2000). Age effects on response monitoring in a mental-rotation task. Biological Psychology, 51, 201-221. doi:10.1016/ S0301-0511(99)00038-1
4. Bramham, J., Morris, R. G., Hornak, J., Bullock, P., & Polkey, C. E. (2009). Social and emotional functioning following bilateral and unilateral neurosurgical prefrontal cortex lesions. Journal of Neuropsychology, 3, 125-143. doi:10.1348/174866408X293994
5. Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. F., FitzGerald, P., & Parkes, K. R. (1982). The cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21, 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1982 .tb01421.x
6. Bruce, P. R., Coyne, A. C., & Botwinick, J. (1982). Adult age differences in metamemory. Journal of Gerontology, 37, 354-357. doi:10.1093/ geronj/37.3.354
7. Burke, D. M., & Shafto, M. A. (2004). Aging and language production. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 21-24. doi:10.1111/j .0963-7214.2004.01301006.x
8. Clare, L., Whitaker, C. J., & Nelis, S. M. (2010). Appraisal of memory functioning and memory performance in healthy ageing and early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 17, 462- 491. doi:10.1080/13825580903581558
9. Clare, L., Whitaker, C. J., Nelis, S. M., Martyr, A., Markova, I. S., Roth, I., & Morris, R. G. (2011). Multidimensional assessment of awareness in early-stage dementia: A cluster analytic approach. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 31, 317-327. doi:10.1159/000327356
10. Clare, L., Wilson, B. A., Carter, G., Roth, I., & Hodges, J. R. (2002). Assessing awareness in early-stage Alzheimer's disease: Development and piloting of the Memory Awareness Rating Scale. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 12, 341-362. doi:10.1080/09602010244000129
11. David, A. S. (1992). Illness and insight. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 48), 652-654.
12. David, A. S., Bedford, N., Wiffen, B., & Gilleen, J. (2012). Failures of metacognition and lack of insight in neuropsychiatric disorders. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367, 1379-1390. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0002
13. Endrass, T., Franke, C., & Kathmann, N. (2005). Error awareness in a saccade countermanding task. Journal of Psychophysiology, 19, 275- 280. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.19.4.275
14. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., & Blanke, L. (1990): Effects of errors in choice reaction tasks on the ERP under focused and divided attention. In C. H. M. Brunia, A. W. K. Gaillard, & A. Kok (Eds.), Psychophysiological brain research (Vol. 1, pp. 192-195). Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press.
15. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., & Blanke, L. (1991). Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components. II. Error processing in choice reaction tasks. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 78, 447-455. doi:10.1016/0013-4694(91)90062-9
16. Falkenstein, M., Hoormann, J., Christ, S., & Hohnsbein, J. (2000). ERP components on reaction errors and their functional significance: A tutorial. Biological Psychology, 51, 87-107.
17. Fleming, J. M., Strong, J., & Ashton, R. (1996). Self-awareness of deficits in adults with traumatic brain injury: How best to measure? Brain Injury, 10, 1-15. doi:10.1080/026990596124674
18. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189 -198. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
19. Gold, B. T., Powell, D. K., Xuan, L., Jicha, G. A., & Smith, C. D. (2010). Age-related slowing of task switching is associated with decreased integrity of frontoparietal white matter. Neurobiology of Aging, 31, 512-522. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.04.005
20. Grady, C. (2012). The cognitive neuroscience of ageing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13, 491-505. doi:10.1038/nrn3256
21. Graham, D. P., Kunik, M. E., Doody, R., & Snow, A. L. (2005). Selfreported awareness of performance in dementia. Cognitive Brain Research, 25, 144-152. doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.05.001
22. Hart, T., Sherer, M., Whyte, J., Polansky, M., & Novack, T. A. (2004). Awareness of behavioral, cognitive, and physical deficits in acute traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1450-1456. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.030
23. Hart, T., Whyte, J., Kim, J., & Vaccaro, M. (2005). Executive function and self-awareness of "real-world" behavior and attention deficits following traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20, 333-347. doi:10.1097/00001199-200507000-00005
24. Hedden, T., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2004). Insights into the ageing mind: A view from cognitive neuroscience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 87-96. doi:10.1038/nrn1323
25. Hester, R., Foxe, J. J., Molholm, S., Shpaner, M., & Garavan, H. (2005). Neural mechanisms involved in error processing: A comparison of errors made with and without awareness. NeuroImage, 27, 602-608. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.04.035
26. Hester, R., Nestor, L., & Garavan, H. (2009). Impaired error awareness and anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivity in chronic cannabis users. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34, 2450-2458. doi:10.1038/npp.2009.67
27. Hodges, B., Regehr, G., & Martin, D. (2001). Difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence: Novice physicians who are unskilled and unaware of it. Academic Medicine, 76, S87-S89. doi:10.1097/ 00001888-200110001-00029
28. Hoerold, D., Dockree, P. M., O'Keeffe, F. M., Bates, H., Pertl, M., & Robertson, I. H. (2008). Neuropsychology of self-awareness in young adults. Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale, 186, 509-515. doi:10.1007/s00221-008- 1341-9
29. Hoerold, D., Pender, N. P., & Robertson, I. H. (2013). Metacognitive and online error awareness deficits after prefrontal cortex lesions. Neuropsychologia, 51, 385-391. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.019
30. Holroyd, C. B., & Coles, M. G. (2002). The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. Psychological Review, 109, 679-709. doi:10.1037/0033- 295X.109.4.679
31. Jenkinson, P. M., Edelstyn, N. M., Drakeford, J. L., & Ellis, S. J. (2009). Reality monitoring in anosognosia for hemiplegia. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 18, 458-470. doi:10.1016/j .concog.2008.12.005
32. Krueger, J., & Mueller, R. A. (2002). Unskilled, unaware, or both? The better-than-average heuristic and statistical regression predict errors in estimates of own performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 180-188. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.2.180
33. Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1121-1134. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121
34. Larson, G. E., Alderton, D. L., Neideffer, M., & Underhill, E. (1997). Further evidence on dimensionality and correlates of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. British Journal of Psychology, 88, 29-38. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1997.tb02618.x
35. Larson, M. J., & Perlstein, W. M. (2009). Awareness of deficits and error processing after traumatic brain injury. NeuroReport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research, 20, 1486-1490. doi:10.1097/ WNR.0b013e32833283fe
36. Leuthold, H., & Sommer, W. (1999). ERP correlates of error processing in spatial S-R compatibility tasks. Clinical Neurophysiology, 110, 342- 357. doi:10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00058-3
37. Lovelace, E. A., & Marsh, G. R. (1985). Prediction and evaluation of memory performance by young and old adults. Journal of Gerontology, 40, 192-197. doi:10.1093/geronj/40.2.192
38. Malec, J. F., & Moessner, A. M. (2000). Self-awareness, distress, and postacute rehabilitation outcome. Rehabilitation Psychology, 45, 227- 241. doi:10.1037/0090-5550.45.3.227
39. Manly, T., Robertson, I. H., Galloway, M., & Hawkins, K. (1999). The absent mind: Further investigations of sustained attention to response. Neuropsychologia, 37, 661-670. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(98)00127-4
40. Mathalon, D. H., Bennett, A., Askari, N., Gray, E. M., Rosenbloom, M. J., & Ford, J. M. (2003). Response-monitoring dysfunction in aging and Alzheimer's disease: An event-related potential study. Neurobiology of Aging, 24, 675-685. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00154-9
41. Mathewson, K. J., Dywan, J., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2005). Brain bases of error-related ERPs as influenced by age and task. Biological Psychology, 70, 88-104. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.12.005
42. Mavroveli, S., Petrides, K. V., Sangareau, Y., & Furnham, A. (2009). Exploring the relationships between trait emotional intelligence and objective socio-emotional outcomes in childhood. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 79, 259-272. doi:10.1348/000709908X368848
43. McAvinue, L. P., Habekost, T., Johnson, K. A., Kyllingsbæk, S., Vangkilde, S., Bundesen, C., & Robertson, I. H. (2012). Sustained attention, attentional selectivity, and attentional capacity across the lifespan. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74, 1570-1582. doi:10.3758/ s13414-012-0352-6
44. McAvinue, L., O'Keeffe, F., McMackin, D., & Robertson, I. H. (2005). Impaired sustained attention and error awareness in traumatic brain injury: Implications for insight. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 15, 569-587. doi:10.1080/09602010443000119
45. McEvoy, J. P., Apperson, L. J., Appelbaum, P. S., & Ortlip, P. (1989). Insight in schizophrenia: Its relationship to acute psychopathology. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 177, 43-47. doi:10.1097/ 00005053-198901000-00007
46. McGlynn, S. M., & Kaszniak, A. W. (1991). When metacognition fails: Impaired awareness of deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 3, 183-189. doi:10.1162/jocn.1991.3.2.183
47. Murphy, P. R., Robertson, I. H., Allen, D., Hester, R., & O'Connell, R. G. (2012). An electrophysiological signal that precisely tracks the emergence of error awareness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 65.
48. Nelson, H. E. (1982). National adult reading test (NART): For the assessment of premorbid intelligence in patients with dementia. Windsor: NFER-Nelson.
49. Nieuwenhuis, S., Ridderinkhof, K. R., Blom, J., Band, G. P., & Kok, A. (2001). Error-related brain potentials are differentially related to awareness of response errors: Evidence from an antisaccade task. Psychophysiology, 38, 752-760. doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3850752
50. Noe, E., Ferri, J., Caballero, M. C., Villodre, R., Sanchez, A., & Chirivella, J. (2005). Self-awareness after acquired brain injury. Journal of Neurology, 252, 168-175. doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0625-2
51. O'Connell, R. G., Bellgrove, M. A., Dockree, P. M., Lau, A., Hester, R., Garavan, H., Fitzgerald, M., . . . Robertson, I. H. (2009). The neural correlates of deficient error awareness in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuropsychologia, 47(4), 1149-1159. doi:10.1016/j .neuropsychologia.2009.01.011
52. O'Connell, R. G., Dockree, P. M., Bellgrove, M. A., Kelly, S. P., Hester, R., Garavan, H., . . . Foxe, J. J. (2007). The role of cingulate cortex in the detection of errors with and without awareness: A high-density electrical mapping study. European Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 2571- 2579. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05477.x
53. O'Keeffe, F., Dockree, P., Moloney, P., Carton, S., & Robertson, I. H. (2007). Awareness of deficits in traumatic brain injury: A multidimensional approach to assessing metacognitive knowledge and onlineawareness. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 38-49. doi:10.1017/S1355617707070075
54. Ownsworth, T., & Fleming, J. (2005). The relative importance of metacognitive skills, emotional status, and executive function in psychosocial adjustment following acquired brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20, 315-332. doi:10.1097/00001199- 200507000-00004
55. Pia, L., Neppi-Modona, M., Ricci, R., & Berti, A. (2004). The anatomy of anosognosia for hemiplegia: A meta-analysis. Cortex: A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 40, 367-377. doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70131-X
56. Prigatano, G. P. (2005). Disturbances of self-awareness and rehabilitation of patients with traumatic brain injury: A 20-year perspective. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20, 19 -29. doi:10.1097/ 00001199-200501000-00004
57. Prigatano, G. P., & Altman, I. M. (1990). Impaired awareness of behavioral limitations after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 71, 1058-1064.
58. Prigatano, G. P., & Schacter, D. L. (Eds.). (1991). Awareness of deficit after brain injury: Clinical and theoretical issues. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
59. Rabbitt, P. (1990). Age, IQ, and awareness of errors. Ergonomics, 33, 1291-1305. doi:10.1080/00140139008925333
60. Rabbitt, P. (2002). Consciousness is slower than you think. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A: Human Experimental Psychology, 55, 1081-1092.
61. Robertson, I. H. (2010). Anosognosia and error processing in various clinical disorders. In G. P. Prigatano (Ed.), Study of anosognosia (pp. 321-331). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
62. Robertson, I. H., Manly, T., Andrade, J., Baddeley, B. T., & Yiend, J. (1997). "Oops!": Performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects. Neuropsychologia, 35, 747-758. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00015-8
63. Rosen, H. J., Alcantar, O., Rothlind, J., Sturm, V., Kramer, J. H., Weiner, M., & Miller, B. L. (2010). Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive self-appraisal in neurodegenerative disease. NeuroImage, 49, 3358- 3364. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.041
64. Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103, 403-428. doi:10.1037/ 0033-295X.103.3.403
65. Seltzer, B., Vasterling, J. J., Yoder, J., & Thompson, K. A. (1997). Awareness of deficit in Alzheimer's disease: Relation to caregiver burden. The Gerontologist, 37, 20-24. doi:10.1093/geront/37.1.20
66. Shalgi, S., O'Connell, R. G., Deouell, L. Y., & Robertson, I. H. (2007). Absent minded but accurate: Delaying responses increases accuracy but decreases error awareness. Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale, 182, 119-124. doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-1054-5
67. Starkstein, S. E., Vázquez, S., Migliorelli, R., Tesón, A., Sabe, L., & Leiguarda, R. (1995). A single-photon emission computed tomographic study of anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology, 52, 415-420. doi:10.1001/archneur.1995.00540280105024
68. Starratt, C., & Peterson, L. (1997). Personality and normal aging. In P. D. Nussbaum (Ed.), Handbook of neuropsychology and aging: Critical issues in neuropsychology (pp. 15-31). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
69. Suchy, Y., Kraybill, M. L., & Franchow, E. (2011). Instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling older adults: Discrepancies between self-report and performance are mediated by cognitive reserve. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33, 92-100. doi:10.1080/13803395.2010.493148
70. Tipper, S. P., & Baylis, G. C. (1987). Individual differences in selective attention: The relation of priming and interference to cognitive failure. Personality and Individual Differences, 8, 667-675. doi:10.1016/0191- 8869(87)90064-X
71. van Veen, V., & Carter, C. S. (2002). The timing of action-monitoring processes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 593-602. doi:10.1162/08989290260045837
72. Wall, S. E., Williams, W. H., Morris, R. G., & Bramham, J. (2011). The development of a new measure of social-emotional functioning for young adolescents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16, 301- 315. doi:10.1177/1359104511401187
73. Wallace, J. C., Kass, S. J., & Stanny, C. J. (2002). The cognitive failures questionnaire revisited: Dimensions and correlates. Journal of General Psychology, 129, 238-256. doi:10.1080/00221300209602098
74. Wallace, J. C., & Vodanovich, S. J. (2003). Can accidents and industrial mishaps be predicted? Further investigation into the relationship between cognitive failure and reports of accidents. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17, 503-514. doi:10.1023/A:1023452218225
75. Wang, H. X., Xu, W., & Pei, J. J. (2012). Leisure activities, cognition and dementia. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1822, 482-491. doi:10.1016/ j.bbadis.2011.09.002
76. Wechsler, D. (1997). WAIS-III: Administration and scoring manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
77. Young, M. S., & Bunce, D. (2011). Driving into the sunset: Supporting cognitive functioning in older drivers. Journal of Aging Research, 2011, 1-6. doi:10.4061/2011/918782
78. Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361-370. doi:10.1111/j .1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x