The Semantic Development of Scalar Focus Modifiers

The Handbook of the History of English

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 335-359

  Traugott, Elizabeth Closs ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Distinctions; Expressions; Modifiers; Organization; Purpose

Indexed keywords

EID: 84891016954     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470757048.ch14     Document Type: Chapter

References (73)

1. Allerton, D. J. (1987). English intensifiers and their idiosyncracies. In Ross Steele and Terry Threadgold (eds.), Language Topics: Essays in Honour of Michael Halliday (II, pp. 15-31). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
2. Andersen, Henning (2001). Actualization: Linguistic Change in Progress (Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science 219). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
3. Anscombre, Jean-Claude and Oswald Ducrot (1989). Argumentivity and informativity. In Michael Meyer (ed.), From Metaphysics to Rhetoric (pp. 71-87). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
4. Bäcklund, Ulf (1973). The Collocation of Adverbs of Degree in English (Studia Anglistica Upsaliensia 13). Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.
5. Baker, C. L. (1995). Contrast, discourse prominence, and intensification, with special reference to locally free reflexives in British English. Language 71: 63-101.
6. Beaver, David I. and Brady Z. Clark (2002). The proper treatment of focus sensitivity. In L. Mikkelsen and C. Potts (eds.), WCCFL 21 Proceedings (pp. 15-28). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
7. Beaver, David and Brady Clark (2003). "Always" and "Only": why not all focus sensitive operators are alike. Natural Language Semantics 11.4: 323-62.
8. Birner, Betty J. and Gregory Ward (1998). Information Status and Non-Canonical Word Order in English (Studies in Language Companion Series 40). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
9. Bolinger, Dwight (1972). Degree Words. The Hague: Mouton.
10. Brinton, Laurel J. (1996). Pragmatic Markers in English: Grammaticalization and Discourse Functions (Topics in English Linguistics 19). Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
11. Brinton, Laurel J. (1998). "The flowers are lovely; only, they have no scent": The evolution of a pragmatic marker. In Raimund Borgmeier, Herbert Grabes, and Andreas H, Jucker (eds.), Anglistentag 1997 Giessen (pp. 9-18) (Proceedings of the Conference of the German Association of University Teachers of English 19). Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier.
12. Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca (1994). The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Croft, William (2000). Explaining Language Change: An Evolutionary Approach. Harlow: Pearson Education.
14. Eckardt, Regine (2001). Renalysing selbst. Natural Language Semantics 9: 371-412.
15. Ernst, Thomas (1984). Towards an Integrated Theory of Adverb Position in English. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
16. Ernst, Thomas (2002). The Syntax of Adjuncts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
17. Fauconnier, Gilles (1975). Pragmatic scales and logical structure. Linguistic Inquiry 6: 353-75.
18. Geeraerts, Dirk (1997). Diachronic Prototype Semantics: A Contribution to Historical Lexicology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
19. Gelderen, Elly van (2001). The syntax of mood particles in the history of English. Folia Linguistica Historica 22: 301-30.
20. Greenbaum, Sidney (1970). Verb-intensifier Collocations in English: An Experimental Approach (Janua Linguarum, Series Minor 86). The Hague: Mouton.
21. Hartmann, D. (1994). Particles. In R. E. Asher and J. M. Y. Simpson (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (VI, pp. 2953-8). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
22. Hirschberg, Julia Bell (1985). A Theory of Scalar Implicature. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
23. Horn, Laurence R. (1984). Toward a new taxonomy for pragmatic inference: Q-based and R-based implicature. In Deborah Schiffrin (ed.), Meaning, Form, and Use in Context: Linguistic Applications; Georgetown University Round Table '84 (pp. 11-42). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
24. Horn, Laurence R. (1985). Metalinguistic negation and pragmatic ambiguity. Language 61: 121-74.
25. Horn, Laurence R. (1989). A Natural History of Negation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
26. Horn, Laurence R. (2002). Assertoric inertia and NPI licensing. In Mary Andronis, Erin Debenport, Anne Pycha, and Keiko Yoshimura (eds.), Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistics Society 38 (Part 2, pp. 55-82). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society
27. Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum (2002). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Israel, Michael (1998). Ever: polysemy and polarity sensitivity. Linguistic Notes from La Jolla 19.
29. Ito, Rika and Sali Tagliamonte (2003). Well weird, right dodgy, very strange, really cool: layering and recycling in English intensifiers. Language in Society 32: 257-79.
30. Jackendoff, Ray (1972). Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
31. Jacobs, Joachim (1983). Fokus und Skalen: Zur Syntax und Semantik der Gradpartikeln im Deutschen. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
32. Jacobs, Joachim (ed.) (1992). Informationsstruktur und Grammatik. Linguistische Berichte, Special Issue, 4/1991-2.
33. Jespersen, Otto (1949). A Grammar of Modern English on Historical Principles. Part 7: Syntax (completed by Niels Haislund). Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
34. Kalokerinos, Alexis (1995). Even: how to make theories with a word. Journal of Pragmatics 24: 77-98.
35. Kastovsky, Dieter (ed.) (1994). Studies in Early Modern English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
36. Kay, Paul (1990). Even. Linguistics and Philosophy 13: 59-111.
37. Killie, Kristin (1993). Early Modern English Subject Modifiers (Tromsø Studies in Linguistics 13). Oslo: Novus.
38. Kiss, Katalin É. (ed.) (1995). Discourse Configurational Languages. New York: Oxford University Press.
39. König, Ekkehard (1989). On the historical development of focus particles. In Harald Weydt (ed.), Sprechen mit Partikeln (pp. 318-29). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
40. König, Ekkehard (1991). The Meaning of Focus Particles: A Comparative Perspective. London: Routledge.
41. Labov, William (1974). On the use of the present to explain the past. In Luigi Heilman (ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Linguists (pp. 825-52). Bologna: Mulino.
42. Ladusaw, William A. (1996). Negation and polarity items. In Lappin (ed.), pp. 321-41.
43. Lappin, Shalom (ed.) (1996). The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory, Malden, mA: Blackwell.
44. Lorenz, Gunter (2002). Really worthwhile or not really significant? A corpus-based approach to the delexicalization and grammaticalization of intensifiers in Modern English. In Ilse Wischer and Gabriele Diewald (eds.), New Reflections on Grammaticalization (pp. 143-61). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
45. Matthews, Peter (1997). The Concise Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
46. Méndez-Naya, Belén (forthcoming). On intensifiers and grammaticalization: the case of swipe.
47. Michaelis, Laura A. (1993). "Continuity" within three scalar models: the polysemy of adverbial still. Journal of Semantics 10: 193-237.
48. Milroy, James (1992). Linguistic Variation and Change: On the Historical Sociolinguistics of English. Oxford: Blackwell.
49. Nevalainen, Terttu (1991). BUT, ONLY, JUST: Focusing Adverbial Change in Modern English 1500-1900 (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 51). Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
50. Nevalainen, Terttu (1994). Aspects of adverbial change in Early Modern English, In Kastovsky (ed.), pp. 243-59.
51. Nevalainen, Terttu and Matti Rissanen (2002). Fairly pretty or pretty fair? On the development and grammaticalization of English downtoners. Language Sciences 24: 359-80.
52. Paradis, Carita (1997). Degree Modifiers of Adjectives in Spoken British English (Lund Studies in English 92). Lund: Lund University Press.
53. Paradis, Carita (2000). It's well weird: Degree modifiers of adjectives revisited: the nineties. In John M. Kirk (ed.), Corpora Galore: Analyses and Techniques in Describing English: Papers from the Nineteenth International Conference on English Language Research on Computational Corpora (ICAME 1998) (pp. 146-60). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
54. Peters, Hans (1994). Degree adverbs in Early Modern English. In Kastovsky (ed.), pp. 269-88.
55. Poutsma, H. (1904-5). A Grammar of Late Modern English. Part I: The Sentence. Groningen: Noordhoff.
56. Primus, Beatrice (1992). Variants of a scalar adverb in German. In Jacobs (ed.), pp. 54-88.
57. Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. New York: Longman.
58. Romaine, Suzanne (1982). Socio-Historical Linguistics: Its Status and Methodology (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 34). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
59. Rooth, Mats (1985). Association with Focus. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
60. Rooth, Mats (1996). Focus. In Lappin (ed.), pp. 271-97.
61. Schwenter, Scott A. (1999). Pragmatics of Conditional Marking: Implicature, Scalarity and Exclusivity. New York: Garland.
62. Schwenter, Scott A. (forthcoming). Additive particles and scalar endpoint marking. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 16.
63. Schwenter, Scott A. and Elizabeth Closs Traugott (2000). Invoking scalarity: the development of in fact. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 1: 7-25.
64. Schwenter, Scott A. and Shravan Vasishth (2001). Absolute and relative scalar particles in Spanish and Hindi. In Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (pp. 225-33). Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
65. Siemund, Peter (2000). Intensifiers in English and German: A Comparison. London and New York: Routledge.
66. Stoffel, C. (1901). Intensives and Down-Toners: A Study in English Adverbs. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
67. Swan, Toril (1988). Sentence Adverbials in English: A Synchronic and Diachronic Investigation. Oslo: Novus.
68. Sweetser, Eve E. (1990). From Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
69. Taglicht, Josef (1984). Message and Emphasis. London: Longman.
70. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs (1987). Literacy and language change: the special case of speech act verbs. In Judith Langer (ed.), Language, Literacy, and Culture: Issues of Society and Schooling (pp. 11-27). Norwood: Ablex.
71. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs (1989). On the rise of epistemic meanings in English: an example of subjectification in semantic change. Language 57: 33-65.
72. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs and Richard B. Dasher (2002). Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
73. Zwicky, Arnold (1995). Exceptional degree markers: a puzzle in internal and external syntax. Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics 47: 111-23.