Modifiable risk factors of obstetric anal sphincter injury in primiparous women: A population-based cohort study

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 210, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 59.e1-59.e6

  Jangö, Hanna ^a,b   Langhoff Roos, Jens ^b   Rosthøj, Susanne ^c   Sakse, Abelone ^b,c  

^a GENTOFTE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b Rigshospitalet   (Denmark)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

anal sphincter rupture; incidence; risk factors

Indexed keywords

OXYTOCIN;

ADULT; ANUS SPHINCTER DISORDER; ARTICLE; BIRTH WEIGHT; BIRTHING POSITION; COHORT ANALYSIS; EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; EPISIOTOMY; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INCIDENCE OF OBSTETRIC ANAL SPHINCTER INJURY; LABOR INDUCTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POPULATION; PRIMIPARA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SHOULDER DYSTOCIA; VACUUM EXTRACTION; VAGINAL DELIVERY;

EID: 84890856445     PISSN: 00029378     EISSN: 10976868     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.08.043     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. D. Abbott, N. Atere-Roberts, A. Williams, E. Oteng-Ntim, and L.C. Chappell Obstetric anal sphincter injury BMJ 341 2010 c3414
2. E.M.J. Bols, E.J.M. Hendriks, B.C.M. Berghmans, C.G.M.I. Baeten, J.G. Nijhuis, and R.A. de Bie A systematic review of etiological factors for postpartum fecal incontinence Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 89 2010 302 314
3. J. Nordenstam, D. Altman, S. Brismar, and J. Zetterström Natural progression of anal incontinence after childbirth Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 20 2009 1029 1035
4. K. Laine, M. Gissler, and J. Pirhonen Changing incidence of anal sphincter tears in four Nordic countries through the last decades Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 146 2009 71 75
5. J.W. de Leeuw, P.C. Struijk, M.E. Vierhout, and H.C. Wallenburg Risk factors for third degree perineal ruptures during delivery BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 108 2001 383 387
6. E. Baghestan, L.M. Irgens, P.E. Børdahl, and S. Rasmussen Trends in risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries in Norway Obstet Gynecol 116 2010 25 34
7. V.L. Handa, B.H. Danielsen, and W.M. Gilbert Obstetric anal sphincter lacerations Obstet Gynecol 98 2001 225 230
8. R. Angioli, O. Gómez-Marín, G. Cantuaria, and M.J. O'sullivan Severe perineal lacerations during vaginal delivery: the University of Miami experience Am J Obstet Gynecol 182 2000 1083 1085
9. P. Aukee, H. Sundström, and M.V. Kairaluoma The role of mediolateral episiotomy during labour: analysis of risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter tears Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85 2006 856 860
10. K. Gottvall, P. Allebeck, and C. Ekéus Risk factors for anal sphincter tears: the importance of maternal position at birth BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 114 2007 1266 1272
11. E. Samuelsson, L. Ladfors, U.B. Wennerholm, B. Gåreberg, K. Nyberg, and H. Hagberg Anal sphincter tears: prospective study of obstetric risk factors BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 107 2000 926 931
12. H.G. Dahlen, M. Ryan, C.S.E. Homer, and M. Cooke An Australian prospective cohort study of risk factors for severe perineal trauma during childbirth Midwifery 23 2007 196 203
13. E. Gerdin, G. Sverrisdottir, A. Badi, B. Carlsson, and W. Graf The role of maternal age and episiotomy in the risk of anal sphincter tears during childbirth Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 47 2007 286 290
14. N.L. McLeod, D.T. Gilmour, K.S. Joseph, S.A. Farrell, and E.R. Luther Trends in major risk factors for anal sphincter lacerations: a 10-year study J Obstet Gynaecol Can Jogc J Obstétrique Gynécologie Can Jogc 25 2003 586 593
15. P. Buchhave, L. Flatow, H. Rydhstroem, and G. Thorbert Risk factors for rupture of the anal sphincter Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 87 1999 129 132
16. L.M. Christianson, V.E. Bovbjerg, E.C. McDavitt, and K.L. Hullfish Risk factors for perineal injury during delivery Am J Obstet Gynecol 189 2003 255 260
17. O. Eskandar, and D. Shet Risk factors for 3rd and 4th degree perineal tear J Obstet Gynaecol J Inst Obstet Gynaecol 29 2009 119 122
18. C. Ekéus, E. Nilsson, and K. Gottvall Increasing incidence of anal sphincter tears among primiparas in Sweden: a population-based register study Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 87 2008 564 573
19. H.E. Richter, C.G. Brumfield, S.P. Cliver, K.L. Burgio, C.L. Neely, and R.E. Varner Risk factors associated with anal sphincter tear: a comparison of primiparous patients, vaginal births after cesarean deliveries, and patients with previous vaginal delivery Am J Obstet Gynecol 187 2002 1194 1198
20. Carroli G, Mignini L. Episiotomy for vaginal birth. In: The Cochrane Collaboration, Carroli G, eds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet] Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2009. Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10. 1002/14651858.CD000081.pub2. Accessed Nov. 17, 2011.
21. V. Revicky, D. Nirmal, S. Mukhopadhyay, E.P. Morris, and J.J. Nieto Could a mediolateral episiotomy prevent obstetric anal sphincter injury? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 150 2010 142 146
22. S. Räisänen, K. Vehviläinen-Julkunen, M. Gissler, and S. Heinonen High episiotomy rate protects from obstetric anal sphincter ruptures: a birth register-study on delivery intervention policies in Finland Scand J Public Health 39 2011 457 463
23. J.W. de Leeuw, C. de Wit, J.P.J.A. Kuijken, and H.W. Bruinse Mediolateral episiotomy reduces the risk for anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 115 2008 104 108
24. Third- and Fourth-degree Perineal Tears, Management (Green-top 29) | Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [Internet]. Available at: http://www.rcog.org.uk/womens-health/clinical-guidance/management-third-and- fourth-degree-perineal-tears-green-top-29. Accessed Aug. 28, 2011.
25. Langhoff-Roos J, Rasmussen S. Validering af Landspatientregistret (LPR) med henblik på obstetrisk forskning og kvalitetsssikring. Sundhedsstyrelsen; 2003. Available at: http://www.sst.dk/publ/Publ2003/LPR.pdf. Accessed July 16, 2013.
26. S.H. Räisänen, K. Vehviläinen-Julkunen, M. Gissler, and S. Heinonen Lateral episiotomy protects primiparous but not multiparous women from obstetric anal sphincter rupture Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 88 2009 1365 1372
27. V. Kalis, K. Laine, J.W. de Leeuw, K.M. Ismail, and D.G. Tincello Classification of episiotomy: towards a standardisation of terminology BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 119 2012 522 526
28. M. Stedenfeldt, J. Pirhonen, E. Blix, T. Wilsgaard, B. Vonen, and P. Oian Episiotomy characteristics and risks for obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a case-control study BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 119 2012 724 730
29. M. Eogan, L. Daly, P.R. O'Connell, and C. O'Herlihy Does the angle of episiotomy affect the incidence of anal sphincter injury? BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 113 2006 190 194
30. V. Kalis, J. Landsmanova, B. Bednarova, J. Karbanova, K. Laine, and Z. Rokyta Evaluation of the incision angle of mediolateral episiotomy at 60 degrees Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. Off. Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet 112 2011 220 224
31. M. Anim-Somuah, R.M. Smyth, and L. Jones Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia in labour Cochrane Database Syst Rev Online 2011 CD000331
32. C. Ekéus, A. Hjern, and A. Hjelmstedt The need for epidural analgesia is related to birthweight - a population-based register study Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 88 2009 397 401
33. E. Hals, P. Oian, and T. Pirhonen et al. A multicenter interventional program to reduce the incidence of anal sphincter tears Obstet Gynecol 116 2010 901 908
34. K. Laine, W. Rotvold, and A.C. Staff Are obstetric anal sphincter ruptures preventable? - large and consistent rupture rate variations between the Nordic countries and between delivery units in Norway Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 92 2013 94 100
35. B. Kudish, R.J. Sokol, and M. Kruger Trends in major modifiable risk factors for severe perineal trauma, 1996-2006 Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet 102 2008 165 170
36. E. Lindholm, and D. Altman Risk of obstetric anal sphincter lacerations among obese women BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 120 2013 1110 1115