Risk factors for perineal injury during delivery

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 189, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 255-260

  Christianson, Lisa M ^a,b   Bovbjerg, V E ^a   McDavitt, E C ^a   Hullfish, K L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Anal sphincter injury; Incontinence; Laceration; Perineal injury

Indexed keywords

OXYTOCIN;

ADULT; ANUS SPHINCTER DISORDER; ANUS SPHINCTER INJURY; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CAUCASIAN; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; EPISIOTOMY; FEMALE; FETUS WEIGHT; FORCEPS DELIVERY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATERNAL MORBIDITY; MEDICAL RECORD; NEGRO; NULLIPARA; PARITY; PERINEUM INJURY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT INDICATION; UNITED STATES; VAGINAL DELIVERY;

EID: 0037660800     PISSN: 00029378     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1067/mob.2003.547     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Bartram CI. Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair. BMJ 1994;308:887-91.
2. Pregazzi R, Sartore A, Bortoli P, Grimaldi E, Ricci G, Guaschino S. Immediate postpartum perineal examination as a predictor of puerperal pelvic floor dysfunction. Obstet Gynecol 2002;99:581-4.
3. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Thomas JM, Bartram CI. Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1905-11.
4. Donnelly V, Fynes M, Campbell D, Johnson H, Oconnell PR, Oherlihy C. Obstetric events leading to anal sphincter damage. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:955-61.
5. MacArthur C, Glazener CMA, Wilson PD, Herbison GP, Gee H, Lang GD, et al. Obstetric practice and faecal incontinence three months after delivery. BJOG 2001;108:678-83.
6. Sorensen SM, Bondesen H, Istre O, Vilmann P. Perineal rupture following vaginal delivery: long-term consequences. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988;67:315-8.
7. Haadem K, Dahlstrom JA, Ling L, Ohrlander S. Anal sphincter function after vaginal delivery rupture. Obstet Gynecol 1987;70:53-6.
8. Klein MC, Gauthier RJ, Robbins JM, Kaczorowsky J, Jorgensen SH, Franco E. Relationship of episiotomy to perineal trauma and morbidity, sexual dysfunction and pelvic floor relaxation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171:591-8.
9. Combs A, Robertson P, Laros R. Risk factors for third-degree and fourth-degree perineal lacerations in forceps and vacuum deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:100-4.
10. Leeuw JW, Struijk PC, Vierhout ME, Wallenburg HCS. Risk factors for 3rd degree perineal ruptures during delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2001;108:383-7.
11. Jander C, Lyrenas S. Third and fourth degree perineal tears. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001;80:229-34.
12. Zetterstrom J, Lopez A, Anzen B, Norman M, Holmstrom B, Mellgren A. Anal sphincter tears at vaginal delivery: risk factors and clinical outcome of primary repair. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:21-8.
13. Johanson RB, Rice C, Doyle M. A randomised prospective study comparing the new vacuum extractor policy with forceps delivery. BJOG 1993;100:524-30.
14. Argentine Episiotomy Trial Collaborative Group. Routine vs selective episiotomy: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 1993;342:1517-8.
15. Sleep J, Grant A, Garcia J, Elbourne D, Spencer J, Chalmers I. West Berkshire perineal management trial. BMJ 1984;289:587-90.
16. Signorello LB, Harlow BL, Chekos AK, Repke JT. Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2000;320:86-90.
17. Helwig J, Thorp J, Bowes W. Does midline episiotomy increase the risk of third and fourth-degree lacerations in operative vaginal deliveries? Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:276-9.
18. Peleg D, Kennedy C, Merrill D, Zlatnik F. Risk of repetition of a sever perineal laceration. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93:1021-4.
19. Green JR, Soohoo SL. Factors associated with rectal injury in spontaneous deliveries. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:732-8.
20. Handa VL, Danielsen BH, Gilbert WM. Obstetric anal sphincter lacerations. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:225-30.
21. Handa VL, Harris TA, Ostergard DR. Protecting the pelvic floor: obstetric management to prevent incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:470-8.
22. Eason E, Labrecque M, Wells G, Feldman P. Preventing perineal trauma during childbirth: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:464-71.
23. Learman LA. Regional differences in operative obstetrics: a look to the south. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:514-9.