Corporate governance and ethics: An Aristotelian perspective

Corporate Governance and Ethics: An Aristotelian Perspective

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-235

  Sison, Alejo José G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAVARRA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890703346     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4337/9781848442948     Document Type: Book

References (281)

1. B.O. del Parlamento de Navarra, n. 112/28 December 2004.
2. Coase, Ronald (1937), 'The nature of the firm', Economica, 4(16), 386-405.
3. Coase, Ronald (1991a), 'The nature of the firm: meaning', in Oliver E. Williamson and Sidney G. Winter (eds), The Nature of the Firm: Origins, Evolution and Development, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 48-60.
4. Coase, Ronald (1991b), 'The nature of the firm: influence', in Oliver E.Williamson and Sidney G. Winter (eds), The Nature of the Firm: Origins, Evolution, and Development, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 61-74.
5. Diario de Navarra (2004), 'Empresas Navarras', Diario de Navarra, 8 June.
6. Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. (1989), 'Agency theory: an assessment and review', Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57-74.
7. Ernst & Young (2002), Informe de auditoria. Talleres auxiliares de subcontratación Industria Navarra, S.A. (Tasubinsa).
8. Ernst & Young (2003), Informe de auditoria. Talleres auxiliares de subcontratación Industria Navarra, S.A. (Tasubinsa).
9. Ernst & Young (2004), Informe de auditoria. Talleres auxiliares de subcontratación Industria Navarra, S.A. (Tasubinsa).
10. Expediente 69/1999, Boletín Oficial de Navarra, n° 16, 4 February 2000.
11. Expediente 91/2004, Boletín Oficial de Navarra, n° 32, 16 March 2005.
12. Freeman, R. Edward (1984), Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Boston, MA: Pitman.
13. Friedman, Milton (1970), 'The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits', The New York Times Magazine, 13 September.
14. Ghoshal, Sumantra (2005), 'Bad management theories are destroying good management practices', Academy of Management Learning & Education, 4(1), 75-91.
15. González, Óscar (2006), 'La cultura corporativa de una empresa de discapacitados', Nuevas Tendencias, January, 61, 63-84.
16. Jensen, Michael C. and William H. Meckling (1976), 'The theory of the firm: managerial behaviour, agency costs and ownership structure', Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-60.
17. Jensen, Michael C. and William H. Meckling (1994), 'The nature of man', Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Summer, 7(2), 4-19.
18. Lewin, Kurt (1945), 'The research centre for group dynamics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology', Sociometry, 8, 126-35.
19. Ley 13/1982, 7 April (B.O.E. 30-05-1982).
20. Mintzberg, Henry (2004), Managers Not MBAs. A Hard Look at the Soft Practice of Managing and Management Development, San Francisco, CA: Berret-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
21. Orden 16 October 1998 (B.O.E. 21-11-1998).
22. Pfeffer, Jeffrey (2004), 'How economic language and assumptions undermine ethics: rediscovering human values', TECNUN Journal, 1, May, 9-22.
23. Real Decreto 1368/1985, 17 July (B.O.E. 8-08-1985).
24. Real Decreto 27/2000, 14 January (B.O.E. n. 22, 26-01-2000).
25. Real Decreto 290/2004, 20 February (B.O.E. n. 45, 21-02-2004).
26. Roncal, Pablo (2004), 'Comparecencia en el Parlamento Foral', Diario de Noticias, 9 June.
27. Shankman, Neil A. (1999), 'Reframing the debate between agency and stakeholder theories of the firm', Journal of Business Ethics, 19(4), 319-34.
28. Simon, Herbert (1985), 'Human nature in politics: the dialogue of psychology with political science', American Political Science Review, 79, 293-304.
29. Tasubinsa (2005), Informe: Centro Especial de Empleo, 25 January.
30. Tasuvida (2005), 'Clave empresarial. Plan estratégico', Revista de Tasubinsa, December, 1, 6-7.
31. Weintraub, E. Roy (1993), General Equilibrium Analysis: Studies in Appraisal, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
32. Williamson, Oliver E. (1975), Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, New York: Free Press.
33. Agrawal, Anup and Sahiba Chadha (2005), 'Corporate governance and accounting scandals', Journal of Law and Economics, XLVIII (October), 371-406.
34. Bentham, Jeremy (1996), Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (J.H. Burns and H.L.A. Hart (eds); F. Rosen, introduction), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
35. Boerner, Hank (2004), 'The Sarbanes-Oxley 'Revolution': two years and counting', Corporate Finance Review, September/October, 37-41.
36. Brickey, Kathleen F. (2003), 'From Enron to Worldcom and beyond: life and crime after Sarbanes-Oxley', Washington University Law Quarterly, 81, 357-401.
37. Brown, Lawrence D. and Marcus L. Caylor (2004), 'Corporate governance and firm performance', http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=586423, 7 December.
38. Bush, George W. (2002), 'President Bush signs corporate corruption bill', White House Press Release, www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/07/20020730.html, 30 July.
39. The Business Roundtable (2005), Principles of Corporate Governance www.businessroundtable.org/pdf/CorporateGovPrinciples.pdf.
40. Coffee, John C. Jr (2003), 'What caused Enron? A capsule social and economic history of the 1990s', The Center for Law and Economic Studies, Columbia Law School, Working Paper No. 214, http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=373581.
41. Cullinan, Charlie (2004), 'Enron as a symptom of audit process breakdown: can the Sarbanes-Oxley Act cure the disease?', Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 15, 853-64.
42. Deakin, Simon and Suzanne J. Konzelmann (2004), 'Learning from Enron', Corporate Governance, 12(2), April, 134-42.
43. Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson (2003), 'The post-Enron corporate governance environment: where are we now?', Memorandum, www.ffhsj.com/cmemos/031017_post_enron.pdf.
44. Gordon, Jeffrey N. (2003), 'Governance failures of the Enron board and the new information order of Sarbanes-Oxley', The Center for Law and Economic Studies, Columbia Law School, Working Paper No. 216, http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=391363.
45. Graham, Carol, Robert Litan and Sandip Sukhtankar (2002), 'The bigger they are, the harder they fall: an estimate of the costs of the crisis in corporate governance', Working Paper Economic Studies/Governance Studies Programs, The Brookings Institution, 30 August.
46. The Guardian (2002), 'Enron's board of directors', The Guardian Digital Edition, www.guardian.co.uk/enron/story/0,11337,643429,00.html, 1 February.
47. Hardin, Garrett (1968), 'The tragedy of the commons', Science, 162, 1243-8.
48. Harvard Law Review (2003), 'The good, the bad, and their corporate codes of ethics: Enron, Sarbanes-Oxley, and the problems with legislating good behavior', Harvard Law Review, 116, 2123-41.
49. Hogan, Joris M. (2003), 'The Enron legacy: corporate governance requirements for a new era', Securities Regulation Law Journal, 31, 142-73.
50. Hogan, Joris M. (2004), 'Corporate governance update: changes in the boardroom after Enron', Securities Regulation Law Journal, 32, 4-55.
51. Holmstrom, Bengt and Steve N. Kaplan (2003), 'The state of US corporate governance: what's right and what's wrong', NBER Working Paper Series, No. 9613, www.nber.org/papers/w9613, April.
52. Larcker, David F., Scott A. Richardson and Irem Tuna (2004), 'Does corporate governance really matter?', Knowledge at Wharton, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/papers/1281.pdf, 9 June.
53. LexisNexis and IBA (2003), 'Sarbanes-Oxley. Disclosure and confidentiality', Executive Summary. The 2003 LexisNexis-IBA Legal Survey, Section Two, www.lexisnexis.com/about/whitepaper/LexisNexis_ExecSummary.pdf.
54. Mill, John Stuart (1998), Utilitarianism (ed. Roger Crisp), Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
55. Osterloh, Margit and Bruno S. Frey (2003), 'Corporate governance for crooks? The case for corporate virtue', Institute for Empirical Research in Economics/University of Zurich, Working Paper Series, no. 164, July.
56. Pérez López, José Antonio (1996), Fundamentos de la Dirección de Empresas, 3rd edn, Madrid: Rialp.
57. The Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate (2002), The Role of the Board of Directors in Enron's Collapse, (8 June).
58. Powers, William C. Jr et al. (2002), Report of Investigation by the Special Investigative Committee of the Board of Directors of Enron Corp., http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/enron/sicreport/sicreport020102.pdf, 8 June.
59. Raico,Ralph (1997), 'Individualism', Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Business Ethics, Malden, MA/Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 328-30.
60. Ribstein, Larry E. (2002), 'Market vs. regulatory responses to corporate fraud: a critique of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002', Illinois Law and Economics Working Papers, September, LE02-008, http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=332681, 1-74.
61. Rockness, Howard and Joanne Rockness (2005), 'Legislated ethics: from Enron to Sarbanes-Oxley, the impact on Corporate America', Journal of Business Ethics, 57, 31-54.
62. Rothchild, Jonathan (2005), 'Ethics, law, and economics: legal regulation of corporate responsibility', Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics, 25(1), 123-46.
63. Sen, Amartya K. (1974), 'Choice, orderings and morality', in Stephan Körner (ed.), Practical Reason: Papers and Discussions, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 54-67.
64. Sison, Alejo José G. (2002), The Moral Capital of Leaders. Why Virtue Matters, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
65. Swart, Koenraad W. (1962), 'Individualism in the mid-nineteenth century (1826-1860)', Journal of the History of Ideas, 23(1), 77-90.
66. Van den Berghe, L.A.A. and Abigail Levrau (2003), 'Measuring the quality of corporate governance: in search of a tailormade approach?', Journal of General Management, 28(3), Spring, 71-86.
67. Alchian, Armen and Harold Demsetz (1972), 'Production, information costs and economic organization', American Economic Review, 62, 777-95.
68. Aristotle (1985), Nicomachean Ethics, trans. Terence Irwin, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company.
69. Aristotle (1990), The Politics, ed. Stephen Everson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
70. Castells, Manuel (1996), The Rise of the Network Society, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
71. Dunning, John (1993a), The Globalization of Business: The Challenge of the 1990s, London/New York: Routledge.
72. Dunning, John (1993b), Globalization: The Challenge for National Economic Regimes, Dublin: The Economic and Social Research Institute.
73. The Economist (2006), 'Oil's dark secret', 12 August, 58-60.
74. Elfstrom, Gerald (1991), Moral Issues and Multinational Corporations, London: Macmillan.
75. Giddens, Anthony (1990), The Consequences of Modernity, Cambridge: Polity Press.
76. Gregory, Holly (2001), 'Overview of corporate governance guidelines and codes of best practice in developing and emerging markets', in Robert Monks and Nell Minow (eds), Corporate Governance, Oxford/Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
77. Grossman, Sanford and Oliver Hart (1986), 'The costs and benefits of ownership: a theory of vertical and lateral integration', Journal of Political Economy, 94, 691-719.
78. Guéhenno, Jean Marie (1985), The End of the Nation State, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
79. Hart, Oliver and John Moore (1990), 'Property rights and the nature of the firm', Journal of Political Economy, 98, 1119-58.
80. Held, David, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt and Jonathan Perraton (1999), Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture, Cambridge: Polity Press.
81. Hirst, Paul and Grahame Thompson (1996), Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance, Cambridge: Polity Press.
82. Hobbes, Thomas (1660), The Leviathan, http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/hobbes/leviathan-contents.html.
83. Holmes, Stephen and Cass Sunstein (1999), The Cost of Rights. Why Liberty Depends on Taxes, New York/London: W.W. Norton & Company.
84. Huntington, Samuel (1996), The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York: Simon & Schuster.
85. Kitson, Alan and Robert Campbell (1996), The Ethical Organization: Ethical Theory and Corporate Behavior, London: Houndmills.
86. Koehn, Daryl (1999), An Overview of Issues in Corporate Governance, www.stthom.edu/cbes/conferences/daryl_koehn.html (accessed 16 October 2002).
87. Krasner, Stephen (1999), Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
88. MacIntyre, Alasdair (1988), Whose Justice? Which Rationality?, London: Duckworth.
89. Monks, Robert and Nell Minow (2001), Corporate Governance, Oxford/Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
90. Ohmae, Kenichi (1995), The End of the Nation State, New York: The Free Press.
91. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (1997), The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, www.oecd.org/document/28/0,2340,en_2649_34889_2397532_1_1_1_1,00.html.
92. Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace (2005), Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, Rome: Librería Editrice Vaticana.
93. Rajan, Raghuram G. and Luigi Zingales (2000), 'The governance of the new enterprise', NBER Working Paper Series, 7958, www.nber.org/papers/w7958, October.
94. Scholte, Jan Aart (1993), International Relations of Social Change, Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
95. Shleifer, Andrei and Robert Vishny (1997), 'A survey of corporate governance', Journal of Finance, 52, 737-83.
96. Sison, Alejo José G. (2001), 'When multinational corporations act as governments: the Mobil corporation experience', in Jörg Andriof and Malcolm McIntosh (eds), Perspectives on Corporate Citizenship, Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf Publishing Ltd.
97. Sison, Alejo José G. (2002), 'National champions in a unified market: the BSCHChampalimaud case', in Heidi von Weltzien Hoivik (ed.), Moral Leadership in Action. Building and Sustaining Moral Competence in European Organizations, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
98. Sternberg, Elaine (1994), Just Business: Business Ethics in Action, London: Little, Brown and Co.
99. Vernon, Raymond (1998), In the Hurricane's Eye: The Troubled Prospects of Multinational Enterprises, Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press.
100. Williamson, Oliver (1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, New York: The Free Press.
101. Wriston, Walter (1997), The Twilight of Sovereignty, New York: Charles Scribers & Sons.
102. Zingales, Luigi (1997), 'Corporate governance', NBER Working Paper Series, No. 6309, www.nber.org/papers/w6309, December.
103. Aristotle (1990), The Politics, ed. Stephen Everson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
104. Berle, Adolf and Gardiner Means (1932), The Modern Corporation and Private Property, New York: The Macmillan Company. [Reprint, 1991, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ].
105. Bernstein, Aaron (2004), 'Online extra: Nike's new game plan for sweatshops', BusinessWeek online, September 20, www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_38/b3900011_mz001.htm (accessed 25 October 2006).
106. Boatright, John (1999), Ethics in Finance, Malden, MA/Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
107. Boatright, John (2000), Ethics and the Conduct of Business, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
108. Bowen, Howard R. (1953), Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, New York: Harper & Bros.
109. Carroll, Archie B. (1979), Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management 2nd edn, Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co.
110. Carroll, Archie B. (1991), 'The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders', Business Horizons, July-August, 39-48.
111. Charkham, Jonathan (1995), Keeping Good Company: A Study of Corporate Governance in Five Countries, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
112. Clarkson, Max and Michael Deck (1998), 'Stockholder', in The Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Business Ethics, edited by Patricia Werhane and R. Edward Freeman, Malden, MA/Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
113. Crane, Andrew and Dirk Matten (2004), Business Ethics: A European Perspective, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
114. Crane, Andrew, Dirk Matten and Jeremy Moon (2003), 'Can corporations be citizens? Corporate citizenship as a metaphor for business participation in society', International Center for Corporate Social Resposibility (ICCSR) Research Paper Series, no. 13, ISSN 1479-5116.
115. Davis, Keith and Robert Blomstrom (1975), Business and Society: Environmental Responsibility, New York: McGraw-Hill.
116. Dill, William (1958), 'Environment as an influence on managerial autonomy', Administrative Science Quarterly, 2(4), 409-43.
117. Donaldson, Thomas and Lee Preston (1995), 'The stakeholder theory of the corporation: concepts, evidence and implications', Academy of Management Review, 20, 65-91.
118. Eells, Richard and Clarence Walton (1961), Conceptual Foundations of Business, Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.
119. Estes, Ralph (1976), Corporate Social Accounting, New York/London/Sydney/Toronto: John Wiley & Sons.
120. European Commission (2006), Implementing the Partnership for Growth and Jobs: Making Europe a Pole of Excellence on Corporate Social Responsibility, http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/soc-dial/csr/index.htm (accessed 14 August 2006).
121. Freeman, R. Edward (1984), Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Boston, MA: Pitman.
122. Freeman, R. Edward (1994), 'The politics of stakeholder theory: some future directions', Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(4), 409-21.
123. Freeman, R. Edward (1998), 'Stakeholder theory', in The Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Business Ethics, edited by Patricia Werhane and R. Edward Freeman, Malden, MA/Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
124. Friedman, Milton (1970), 'The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits', The New York Times Magazine, 13 September.
125. Johnson & Johnson (2006), 'Our Credo', www.jnj.com/our_company/our_credo/index.htm (accessed 25 October 2006).
126. Mallenbaker.net (2006), 'Companies in crisis. What to do when it all goes wrong. Johnson&Johnson andTylenol',www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles/crisis02.html (accessed 25 October 2006).
127. Manville, Brook and Josiah Ober (2003), A Company of Citizens. What the World's First Democracy Teaches Leaders about Creating Great Organizations, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
128. Mason, Richard O. and Ian I. Mitroff (1982), Challenging Strategic Planning Assumptions, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
129. McGuire, Joseph W. (1963), Business and Society, New York: McGraw-Hill.
130. Monks, Robert and Nell Minow (2001), Corporate Governance, Oxford/Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
131. Nasi, Juha (1995), Understanding Stakeholder Thinking, Helsinki: LSR-Julkaisut Oy.
132. Porter, Michael E. (1980), Competitive Strategy, New York: Free Press.
133. Sethi, S. Prakash (1975), 'Dimensions of corporate social responsibility', California Management Review, 17, 58-64.
134. Sison, Alejo José G. (2000), 'Integrated risk management and global business ethics', Business Ethics. A European Review, 9(4), October, 288-95.
135. Stokes, Geoffrey (2002), 'Democracy and citizenship', in April Carter and Geoffrey Stokes (eds), Democratic Theory Today, Cambridge: Polity Press.
136. Thompson, James D. (1967), Organization in Action, New York: McGraw-Hill.
137. Vietnam Labor Watch (1997), 'Nike Labor Practices in Vietnam', www.saigon.com/~nike/reports/report1.html (accessed 25 October 2006).
138. Wood, Donna J. (1991), 'Corporate social performance revisited', Academy of Management Review, 16, 691-718.
139. Wood, Donna J., Jeanne M. Logsdon, Patsy G. Lewellyn and Kim Davenport (2006), Global Business Citizenship. A Transformative Framework for Ethics and Sustainable Capitalism, Armonk, NY/London: M.E. Sharpe.
140. Achtner, Wolfgang (1995), 'The tough cop takes the wheel; profile; Cesare Romiti', The (London) Independent, 17 December.
141. Achtner, Wolfgang (2003), 'Obituary: Gianni Agnelli', The (London) Independent, 25 January.
142. Aristotle (1990), The Politics, ed. Stephen Everson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
143. Arnold, James (2003), 'Gianni Agnelli: a troubled tycoon', BBC News, 24 January, http://bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2690547.stm (accessed 27 November 2006).
144. Automotive News Europe (2005), 'Talk from the top. Marchionne says Fiat is now market-oriented', 14 November.
145. BBC News (1997), 'World: Europe. Fiat heir dies at 33', BBC News, 14 December, http://bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/39500.stm (accessed 27 November 2006).
146. BBC News (2003), 'Agnelli's brother to head Fiat', BBC News, 25 February, http://bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/business/2799553.stm (accessed 27 November 2006).
147. BBC News (2004a), 'Fiat shares slide after shake-up', BBC News, 31 May, http://bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/business/3763373.stm (accessed 27 November 2006).
148. BBC News (2004b), 'Fiat boss Umberto Agnelli dies', BBC News, 28 May, http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/business/3756043.stm (accessed 27 November).
149. Biscaretti di Ruffia, Carlo (1952), 'Orígenes, Nacimiento y Primeros Pasos de la Fiat', in Los Cincuenta Años de la Fiat, Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore.
150. Cheung Kong Holdings Limited (2006), 'Group structure', About Cheung Kong Holdings, www.ckh.com.hk/eng/about/about_group.htm (accessed 10 January 2007).
151. CNN (2003), 'Umberto to take wheel at Fiat', CNN.com, 26 February, http://edition.cnn.com/2003/BUSINESS/02/26/fiat/index.html. (accessed 27 November 2006).
152. Donlon, J.P. (1998), 'Fiat looks for its global gear - interview with Fiat CEO Paolo Cantarella', The Chief Executive, April.
153. The Economist (1997), 'Free the Turin two', 24 April.
154. The Economist (1998), 'Driven by fiat', 23 April.
155. The Economist (2000), 'In search of Fiat's soul', 1 June.
156. The Economist (2002a), 'Running on empty', 30 May.
157. The Economist (2002b), 'Ciao, Paolo', 13 June.
158. The Economist (2002c), 'Fiat redux', 10 October.
159. The Economist (2002d), 'Under siege', 17 October.
160. The Economist (2002e), 'Imbroglio', 12 December.
161. The Economist (2003a), 'The boss as Superman', 9 January.
162. The Economist (2003b), 'The party's over', 30 January.
163. The Economist (2004a), 'Putting Italy back on the podium', 20 May.
164. The Economist (2004b), 'Divorce Italian-style', 9 December.
165. The Economist (2005a), 'Valentine's Day divorce', 17 February.
166. The Economist (2005b), 'Still in the driving seat', 13 October.
167. The Economist (2005c), 'Saving Fiat', 1 December.
168. The Economist (2006), 'Fading family firms', 22 May.
169. Fairbank, John King (1987), The Great Chinese Revolution 1800-1985, New York: Harper & Row.
170. Fiat (2006), 'History of Fiat', The Fiat Brand, www.fiat.com/cgi-bin/pbrand.dll/FIAT_COM/fbrand/fbrand.jsp?BV_SessionID=@@@@1096381272.1166090543@@@@&BV_EngineID=cccfaddjjdjelglcefecejgdfiidgnj.0&categoryOID=-1073765237&contentOID=1073903999 (accessed 14 December 2006).
171. Forbes (2006), '#10 Li Ka Shing', The World's Richest People, Forbes.com, www.forbes.com/lists/2006/10/SO0W.html (accessed 9 January 2007).
172. Friedman, Alan (1989), Agnelli and the Italian Network of Power, London: Mandarin Paperbacks.
173. Gumbel, Andrew (1995), 'Agnelli to step down at Fiat', The (London) Independent, 12 December.
174. Gumbel, Andrew (1996a), 'Ciao Gianni, but now what?', The (London) Independent, 29 February.
175. Gumbel, Andrew (1996b), 'Agnelli hands over the reins at Fiat', The (London) Independent, 29 February.
176. Gumbel, Andrew (1997), 'A battle against sticky hands', The (London) Independent, 18 May.
177. HutchisonWhampoa Limited (2006), 'Group structure', About Hutchison Whampoa Limited, www.hutchison-whampoa.com/eng/about/structure/structure.htm (accessed 10 January 2007).
178. Infoplease (2006), Agnelli, http://infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0932910.html (accessed 27 November 2006).
179. Institutional Investor (2006), 'Sergio Marchionne of Fiat Group. Getting back in gear', 17-18 April.
180. Israely, Jeff (2003), 'The end of the road', Time Europe, 161 (5) 3 February.
181. Italiancar (2006), Fiat, www.italiancar.net/site/cars/fiat/index/fiat3.html (accessed 27 November 2006).
182. Kahn, Gabriel (2005), 'Fiat CEO says major surgery drives revival', The Wall Street Journal Europe, 4 November.
183. Kyodo (2004), 'H.K. businessman Li Ka-shing opposes direct elections in 2007', Asian Economic News, 22 March, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDP/is_2004_March_22/ai_114484605 (accessed 10 January 2007).
184. Li Ka Shing (1999), 'Create a new legend (Yazhou zhoukan)', Li Ka Shing Foundation, www.lksf.org/eng/media/interview/print/19990621.shtml (accessed 9 January 2007).
185. Li Ka Shing (2000), 'A new fraternity', Li Ka Shing Foundation, www.lksf.org/eng/media/speech/print/20000606.shtml (accessed 9 January 2007).
186. Li Ka Shing (2001), 'On corporate strategy. Shantou University Business School Economic Forum', Li Ka Shing Foundation, www.lksf.org/eng/media/interview/print/20010517.shtml (accessed 9 January 2007).
187. Li Ka Shing (2002), 'Bloomberg Markets interviews Mr. Li Ka Shing', Li Ka Shing Foundation, www.lksf.org/eng/media/interview/print/20021222.shtml (accessed 9 January 2007).
188. Li Ka Shing (2004), 'The Art of Giving', Li Ka Shing Foundation, www.lksf.org/eng/media/speech/print/20040628.shtml (accessed 9 January 2007).
189. Li Ka Shing (2005), 'The third son also rises (Yazhou Zhoukan)', Li Ka Shing Foundation, www.lksf.org/eng/media/interview/print/20050206.shtml (accessed 9 January 2007).
190. LiKa Shing (2006), 'Forbes interviewMr. LiKa Shing', LiKa ShingFoundation,www.lksf.org/eng/media/interview/print/20061204.shtml (accessed 9 January 2007).
191. Mackintosh, James (2006), 'The impetus behind a move into higher gear', Financial Times, 22 May.
192. Montani, Gianni (2004), 'Obituary. Umberto Agnelli, Italy's first family mourns again', Forbes.com, 28 May (accessed 15 December 2006).
193. Morck,Randall and Bernard Yeung (2004), 'Special issues relating to corporate governance and family control',World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, no. 3406, September.
194. El Mundo (2006), 'Marchionne rectifica y dice que seguirá en Fiat Auto hasta 2010', 22 December.
195. Nohria, Nitin and Bridget Gurtler (2005), 'Li Ka Shing', Harvard Business School Case, 9-405-026, Rev. December 19.
196. Pagano, Ugo and Sandro Trento (2002), 'Continuity and change in Italian corporate governance: the institutional stability of one variety of capitalism', Quaderni. Dipartamento di Economia Politica. Università degli Studi di Siena, no. 366, September.
197. Panunzi, Fausto, Mike C. Burkart and Andrei Shleifer (2002), 'Family firms', Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei FEEM Working Paper, no. 74.2002/Institute of Economic Research Harvard University Paper, no. 1944/Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection, http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract_id=298631.
198. Perini, Giancarlo (1989), 'Fiat's Romiti era begins - Cesare Romiti', Ward's Auto World, January.
199. Popham, Peter (2003), 'Business analysis: Fiat drives ahead with £13M plan', The (London) Independent, 27 June.
200. Pu Yi, Aisin Gioro (2000), From Emperor to Citizen, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
201. Quadrone, Ernesto (1952), 'El hombre que no habría tenido tiempo', in Los Cincuenta Años de la Fiat, Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore.
202. Schuman, Michael (2004), 'The families that own Asia. The Lis', Time Magazine, 16 February, www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,591367,00.html (accessed 11 January 2007).
203. Shea, Hubert (2006), 'Corporate governance and social responsibility of family firms in Hong Kong: a case study of Hutchison Whampoa Limited (HWL)', University of Newcastle, Graduate School of Business and Law, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=935101 (accessed 10 January 2007).
204. Smith, Charles (2000), 'Cash register' Li Ka Shing, WorldNetDaily, 7 June, www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=20569 (accessed 10 January 2007).
205. Smith, Charles (2002a), 'Chinese billionaire wants global crossing', NewsMax, 11 February, www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2002/2/11/184102.shtml (accessed 10 January 2007).
206. Smith (2002b), 'Li Ka Shing seeks U.S. contract', NewsMax, 6 August, www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2002/8/5/181935.shtml (accessed 10 January 2007).
207. Smith (2003a), 'Global double crossing', NewsMax, 27 February, www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/2/26/182009.shtml (accessed 10 January 2007).
208. Smith (2003b), 'Billionaire fails in bid for global crossing', NewsMax, 6 March, www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/3/5/162452.shtml (accessed 10 January 2007).
209. South China Morning Post (2006), 'Hong Kong: PCCW sale raises hackles over corporate governance', 20 November, http://asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=57999 (accessed 9 January 2007).
210. Spence, Jonathan D. (1982), The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution, New York: Penguin Books.
211. Sycip, Washington (2003), 'Managing corporate governance in Asia', Finance India, 17(4), 1389-97.
212. Time Asia (2000), 'The rise and rise of the Li dynasty', Time Asia, 155(10), 13 March, http://time.com/time/asia/magazine/2000/0313/cover/timeline.html (accessed 11 January 2007).
213. Wikipedia (2006a), Fiat, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat (accessed 27 November 2006).
214. Wikipedia (2006b), Gianni Agnelli, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianni_Agnelli (accessed 27 November 2006).
215. Wikipedia (2006c), Li Ka Shing, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Ka_Shing (accessed 9 January 2007).
216. Aristotle (1990), The Politics, ed. Stephen Everson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
217. Ballarín, Eduard and María Luisa Blázquez (2005), Banco Popular 2004, DG-147/O-305-027, IESE International Graduate School of Management, University of Navarra, Barcelona-Madrid.
218. Banco Popular Español (1989), Repertorio de Temas, Madrid.
219. Banco Popular Español (2003), Informe de Gobierno Corporativo. Informe de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, Madrid.
220. Banco Popular Español (2004a), Informe de Gobierno Corporativo. Informe de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, Madrid.
221. Banco Popular Español (2004b), Repertorio de Temas, Madrid.
222. Banco Popular Español (2007), www.bancopopular.es (accessed 14 June 2006).
223. de Barrón, Íñigo (2004a), 'La retirada de un gran banquero. Una retirada preparada con dos años de antelación', El País, 20 October.
224. de Barrón, Íñigo (2004b), 'Un último magnífico. Con la marcha de Luis Valls se acaba la generación de banqueros que vivió la transición en España', El País, 20 October.
225. de Barrón, Íñigo (2004c), 'La metamorfosis del Popular bajo el imperio Valls', El País, 24 October.
226. Boudeger, Rose Marie and Eduard Ballarín (1994), 'Banco Popular 1996', 0-394-042/DG-1064-E/Rev. 4/94, IESE International Graduate School of Management, University of Navarra, Barcelona-Madrid.
227. Boudeger,Rose Marie and Eduard Ballarín (1996), Banco Popular 1996, 0-397-077/DG-1164-E, IESE International Graduate School of Management, University of Navarra, Barcelona-Madrid.
228. El Confidencial Digital (2006), 'Luis Valls y sus últimas voluntades: 'Ni entierro, ni funeral, ni esquelas. Lo que tengo, quemadlo; no vale nada', www.elconfidencialdigital.com, 27 February (accessed 1 March 2007).
229. EFE (2004), 'Luis y Javier Valls, copresidentes del Popular, ganaron 1,36 millones', El País, 11 February.
230. Fontán, Antonio (2006), 'En memoria de Luis Valls', ABC, 27 February.
231. Hoja de la Tarde (2006), 'Javier Valls dimite a los 75 años de presidente del Banco Popular. Valls, la cara amable del Banco Popular', Hoja de la Tarde, 22 March.
232. de Juan, Aristóbulo (2007), 'Luis Valls Taberner, un año después', Cinco Días, 26 February.
233. Lee-Chua, Queena (1997), Successful Family Businesses. Dynamics of Five Filipino Business Families, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
234. Martínez Soler, José Antonio (2006), 'Adios al "cardenal" Luis Valls', BLOGS.20.minutos.es, http://blogs.20minutos.es/martinezsoler/post/2006/02/27/adios-al-cardenal-luis-valls (accessed 1 March 2007).
235. El País (2003), 'El Popular compra el BNC portugués y da entrada en su capital a Amorim', El País, 10 January (accessed 1 March 2007).
236. Ty, Wellington D. (1999), 'The professionalization of a family-owned flour mill: a case analysis,' Manila, The School of Management, University of Asia and the Pacific.
237. Valls, Javier (2007), 'A personal interview with the author', 12 December, Madrid, Spain.
238. Alcázar, Manuel and Domènec Melé (1996), La Filosofía de IDOM, TD-40/O-391-010, IESE International Graduate School of Management, University of Navarra, Barcelona-Madrid.
239. Aristotle (1990), The Politics, ed. Stephen Everson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
240. Arndt, Michael (2000), 'Employee ownership isn't buying labor peace at United Airlines', Business Week, 10 April.
241. Arndt, Michael and Wendy Zellner (2002), 'How to keep United flying', Business Week, 13 December.
242. Belton, Beth (2000), 'United's James Goodwin: "We didn't cave" ', Business Week, 2 November.
243. Bergstresser, Daniel D., Kenneth A. Froot and Darren R. Smart (2006), 'UAL, 2004: Pulling Out of Bankruptcy', 9-205-090, Harvard Business School, Boston.
244. Bernstein, Aaron (2002), 'Stock options: fuel for United's revival', Business Week, 8 November.
245. Bernstein, Aaron and Michael Arndt (2002), 'United may fly around a strike', Business Week, 14 February.
246. Bryant, Adam (1994a), 'After 7 years, employees win United Airlines', The New York Times, 13 July.
247. Bryant, Adam (1994b), 'Pilots with a management attitude', The New York Times, 2 September.
248. Bryant, Adam (1994c), 'Company reports; a down-to-earth view at United', The New York Times, 28 October.
249. Calvo, Marcos and Joan Enric Ricart (1995), IDOM, S.A., DG-1122-E/O-395-067, IESE International Graduate School of Management, University of Navarra, Barcelona-Madrid.
250. Cardenal, Ana and Gabriel Vilallonga (2004), Rafael Escolá. Ingeniero, Madrid: Fundación Rafael Escolá.
251. Chandler, Susan (1996), 'United we own', Business Week, 18 March.
252. Cohen, Susan I. (2001), 'United Airlines' ESOP woes', Risk Management, 48(6), 9, 1 June.
253. The Economist (2003), 'A capital idea', 27 March.
254. Escolá, Rafael (1987), Deontología para Ingenieros, Pamplona: Eunsa.
255. Escolá, Rafael (1993), Cómo nace y se hace una empresa de ingeniería, Bilbao: Escuela Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación de Bilbao.
256. Flanigan, James (2002), 'United is a poor model for employee ownership', Los Angeles Times, 4 December.
257. Gates, Jeffrey R. (1998), The Ownership Solution: Toward a Shared Capitalism for the 21st Century, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
258. Hopkins, Marc (2002), 'United Air case pits employees stk rights vs co's future', Dowjones Newswires, 20 December.
259. IDOM (2002), 'Compromiso Asociativo y Gobierno en IDOM', DB-105, 7 February.
260. Jurek, Walter (1994), 'Airlines and employee ownership', Corporate Growth Report Weekly, 3 January.
261. Kochan, Thomas A. (1999), 'United Airlines', Rebuilding the Social Contract at Work: Lessons from Leading Cases, Task Force Working Paper #WP09, Institute for Work Employment Research, Cambridge, MA: MIT Sloan School of Management.
262. Kruse, Douglas (2002), 'Research evidence on prevalence and effects of employee ownership', Testimony before the Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations, Committee on Education and the Workforce, U.S. House of Representatives, 13 February, www.nber.org/~confer/2002/lss02/kruse.pdf (accessed 9 May 2007).
263. Mackin, Christopher and Loren Rodgers (2003), 'But what about United Airlines? Answering tough questions', The ESOP Report, January.
264. Manjoo, Farhad (2002), 'United's ESOP fable', Salon.com, 12 December, http://dir.salon.com/story/tech/feature/2002/12/12/esop/index.html (accessed 8 May 2007).
265. Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace (2004), Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, Rome: Librería Editrice Vaticana.
266. Prado, Jaime and Joan Enric Ricart (1996), IDOM (B), DG-1176/O-397-115, IESE, International Graduate School of Management, University of Navarra, Barcelona-Madrid.
267. Reinbergs, Indra A. and Dwight B. Crane (2000), Note on Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) and Phantom Stock Plans, 9-201-034, Harvard Business School, Cambridge, MA.
268. Rosen, Corey (2002), 'United Airlines, ESOPs, and employee ownership', National Center for Employee Ownership, November, www.nceo.org/library/united_esop.html (accessed 25 April 2007).
269. Rosen, Corey and Michael Quarrey (1987), 'How well is employee ownership working?', Harvard Business Review, September-October, 4-7.
270. Rosen, Corey, John Case and Martin Staubus (2005), 'Every employee an owner. Really' , Harvard Business Review, June, 1-8.
271. United Airlines (2007), 'United history', Company information, www.united.com/page/middlepage/0,6823,2286,00.html (accessed 2 May).
272. Wikipedia (2007), 'United Airlines', http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines (accessed 7 May).
273. Aristotle (1971), Aristotle's Metaphysics, trans. and notes C. Kirwan, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
274. Aristotle (1985), Nicomachean Ethics, trans. Terence Irwin, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing.
275. Aristotle (1990), The Politics, ed. Stephen Everson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
276. Gevurtz, Franklin A. (2004), 'The historical and political origins of the corporate board of directors', Hofstra Law Review, 33(Fall), 89-173.
277. Heidrick & Struggles (2005), 'Corporate governance in Europe:what's the outlook?', Heidrick & Struggles 2005 Study, www.heidrick.com/NR/rdonlyres/B1A816CD-0E51-4605-B22C-40CB1B50561D/0/HS_EuropeCorpGovOutlook.pdf.
278. Kane, John and Haig Patapan (2006), 'In seach of prudence: the hidden problem of managerial reform', Public Administration Review, September/October, 711-24.
279. Lawler, Edward E. and Theodore L. Dysart (2007), '10th Annual Board Effectiveness Study 2006-7', USC Marshall School of Business/Heidrick & Struggles, www.heidrick.com/NR/rdonlyres/723D125E-9746-4486-829A-D49A8AF0832B/0/HS_BoardEffectivenessStudy0607.pdf.
280. Morck, Randall and Lloyd Steier (2005), 'The global history of corporate governance: an introduction', NBER Working Paper No. W11062, http://ssrn.com/abstract=652361.
281. Van den Berghe, Lutgart A.A. and Steven Waldo Monique Carchon (2002), 'Corporate governance practices in Flemish family businesses', Corporate Governance: An International Review, 10, 225-45, http://ssrn.com/abstract=314293.