Of spreading activation, applicability, and schemas: Conceptual distinctions and their operational implications for measuring frames and framing effects

Doing News Framing Analysis: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 110-134

  Scheufele, Bertram T ^a   Scheufele, Dietram A ^b  

^a FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890556791     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203864463     Document Type: Chapter

References (65)

1. Cappella, J. N., & Jamieson, K. H. (1997). Spiral of cynicism: The press and the public good. New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Clark, A. (1989). Microcognition: Philosophy, cognitive science, and parallel distributed processing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3. Entman, R. M. (1991). Framing U.S. coverage of international news: Contrasts in narratives of the KAL and Iran air incidents. Journal of Communication, 41, 6-27.
4. Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Towards clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51-58.
5. Eilders, C., & Lüter, A. (2000): Germany at war: Competing framing strategies in German public discourse. European Journal of Communication, 15, 415-428.
6. Eveland Jr., W. P., Cortese, J., Park, H., & Dunwoody, S. (2004). How web site organization influences free recall, factual knowledge, and knowledge structure density. Human Communication Research, 30(2), 208-233.
7. Fair, J. E., & Astroff, R. J. (1991). Constructing race and violence: U.S. news coverage and the signifying practices of Apartheid. Journal of Communication, 41, 58-74.
8. Fishman, M. (1978). Crime waves as ideology. Social Problems, 25, 531-543.
9. Fishman, M. (1982). News and nonevents: Making the visible invisible. In J. S. Ettema & D. C. Whitney (Eds.), Individuals in mass media organizations:Creativity and constraint (pp. 219-240). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
10. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed.). New York:McGraw-Hill.
11. Galtung, J., & Ruge, M. H. (1965). The structure of foreign news. Journal of Peace Research, 2(1), 64-91.
12. Gamson, W. A. (1992). Talking politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
13. Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 1-37.
14. Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
15. Hastie, R. (1981). Schematic principles in human memory. In E. T. Higgins, C. P. Herman, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Social cognition: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 1 (pp. 39-89). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
16. Hendrickson, L. J. (1993, May). Degrees of framing in media content. Paper presented at the 43rd annual convention of the International Communication Association. Washington, DC.
17. Higgins, E. T. (1989). Knowledge accessibility and activation: Subjectivity and suffering from unconscious sources. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought: The limits of awareness, intention and control (pp. 75-123). New York: Guilford Press.
18. Higgins, E. T., Herman, C. P., & Zanna, M. P. (1981). Social cognition: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 1). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Huang, K. S. (1995). A comparison between media frames and audience frames:The case of the Hill-Thomas controversy. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
20. Huang, K. S. (1996, May). A comparison between media frames and audience frames: The case of the Hill-Thomas controversy. Paper presented to the annual convention of the International Communication Association, Chicago.
21. Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
22. Johnston, H., & Noakes, J. (Eds.). (2005). Frames of protest: Social movements and the framing perspective. Boston: Rowman & Littlefield.
23. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1980). Mental models in cognitive science. Cognitive Science, 4, 71-115.
24. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1989). Mental models. In M. I. Posner (Ed.), Foundations of cognitive science (pp. 469-499). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
25. Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: A perspective on intuitive judgment and choice. In T. Frängsmyr (Ed.), Les Prix Nobel: The Nobel Prizes 2002 (pp. 449-489). Stockholm, Sweden: Nobel Foundation.
26. Lindsey, P. M., & Norman, D. A. (1977). Human information processing: An introduction to psychology. New York: Harcourt.
27. Matthes, J., & Kohring, M. (2008). The content analysis of media frames:Toward improving reliability and validity. Journal of Communication, 58, 258-279.
28. Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken [Qualitative content analysis: Basics and techniques] (7th ed.). Weinheim, Germany: Beltz.
29. Mayring, P. (2002). Qualitative content analysis-Research instrument or mode of interpretation? In M. Kiegelmann (Ed.), The role of the researcher in qualitative psychology (pp. 139-148). Tübingen, Germany: Verlag Ingeborg Huber.
30. McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhardt, D. E. (1986). Parallel distributed processing:Vol. 2. Psychological and biological models. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
31. McCombs, M. E. (2004). Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
32. Miller, M. M., Andsager, J. L., & Reichert, B. P. (1998). Framing the candidates in presidential primaries: Issues and images in press releases and news coverage. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 75(2), 312-324.
33. Neidhardt, F. & Rucht, D. (1993). Auf dem Weg in die "Bewegungsgesellschaft"? [Towards a "social movement society"?]. Soziale Welt, 44, 305-326
34. Nelson, T. E., Oxley, Z. M., & Clawson, R. A. (1997). Toward a psychology of framing effects. Political Behavior, 19, 221-246.
35. Nisbet, M. C., Brossard, D., & Kroepsch, A. (2003). Framing science: The stem cell controversy in an age of press/politics. Harvard International Journal of Press-Politics, 8, 36-70.
36. Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. M. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 10, 55-75.
37. Park, E., & Kosicki, G. M. (1995). Presidential support during the Iran-contra- affair: People's reasoning process and media influence. Communication Research, 22, 207-236.
38. Price, V., & Tewksbury, D. (1997). News values and public opinion: A theoretical account of media priming and framing. In G. A. Barett & F. J. Boster (Eds.), Progress in communication sciences: Advances in persuasion (Vol. 13, pp. 173-212). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.
39. Price, V., Tewksbury, D., & Powers, E. (1997). Switching trains of thought:The impact of news frames on reader's cognitive responses. Communication Research, 24, 481-506.
40. Reese, S. D. (2001). Prologue-Framing public life: A bridging model for media research. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy, & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 7-31). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
41. Reese, S. D. (2007). The framing project: A bridging model for media research revisited. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 148-154.
42. Rössler, P. (2001). Between online-heaven and cyberhell: The framing of "the internet" by traditional media coverage in Germany. New Media & Society, 3, 49-66.
43. Rummelhart, D. E., & Norman, D. A. (1978). Accretion, tuning, and restructuring:Three models of learning. In J. W. Cotton & R. L. Klatzky (Eds.), Semantic factors in cognition (pp. 37-53). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
44. Scheufele, B. (2003). Frames-Framing-Framing-Effekte: Theoretische und methodische Grundlegung sowie empirische Befunde zur Nachrichtenproduktion [Frames-framing-framing effects: Theoretical and methodological foundation and empirical results on news production]. Wiesbaden, Germany: Westdeutscher Verlag.
45. Scheufele, B. (2004). Framing effects research: A theoretical and methodological critique. Communications-European Journal of Communication Research, 29, 401-428.
46. Scheufele, B. (2006). Frames, schemata and news reporting. Communications-European Journal of Communication Research, 31, 65-83.
47. Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 49, 103-122.
48. Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Agenda-setting, priming, and framing revisited: Another look at cognitive effects of political communication. Mass Communication & Society, 3(2&3), 297-316.
49. Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2007). Framing, agenda setting, and priming:The evolution of three media effects models. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 9-20.
50. Shah, D. V., Kwak, N., Schmierbach, M., & Zubric, J. (2004). The interplay of news frames on cognitive complexity. Human Communication Research, 30(1), 102-120.
51. Shanahan, J., & McComas, K. (1999). Nature stories: Depictions of the environment and their effects. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
52. Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content (2nd ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.
53. Snow, D. A., & Benford, R. D. (1988). Ideology, frame resonance, and participant mobilization. In B. Klandermans, H. Kriesi, & S. Tarrow (Eds.), International social movement research: Vol. 1. From structure to action:Comparing social movement research across cultures (pp. 197-217). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
54. Tankard, J. W. (2001). The empirical approach to the study of media framing. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy, & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 95-106). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
55. Tesser, A. (1978): Self-generated attitude change. In L. Berkowitz (Eds.):Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 289-233). New York: Academic Press.
56. Tewksbury, D., & Scheufele, D. A. (2009). News framing theory and research. In J. Bryant & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (3rd ed., pp. 17-33). New York: Erlbaum.
57. Tuchman, G. (1972). Making news by doing work: Routinizing the unexpected. American Journal of Sociology, 79, 110-131.
58. Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York: Knopf.
59. Valkenburg, P. M., Semetko, H. A., & de Vreese, C. H. (1999). The effects of news frames on readers' thoughts and recall. Communication Research, 26, 550-569.
60. van Dijk, T. A. (1988). News as discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
61. Van Gorp, B. (2005). Where is the frame? Victims and intruders in the Belgian press coverage of the asylum issue. European Journal of Communication, 20, 484-507.
62. Walgrave, S., & Manssens, J. (2005). Mobilizing the white march: Media frames as alternatives to movement organizations. In H. Johnston & J. H. Noakes (Eds.), Frames of protest: Social movements and the framing perspective (pp. 113-140). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
63. Weber, M. (1984). Soziologische Grundbegriffe [Basic concepts of sociology]. Tübingen, Germany: J. B. Mohr. (Original work published 1921)
64. Weber, M. (1988). Die "Objektivität" sozialwissenschaftlicher und sozialpolitischer Erkenntnis [The "objectivity" of social sciences and sociopolitical knowledge]. In J. Winkelmann (Ed.), Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre (7th ed., pp. 146-214). Tübingen: Mohr. (Original work published 1904)
65. Wicks, R. H. (1992). Schema theory and measurement in mass communication research: Theoretical and methodological issues in news information processing. In S. A. Deetz (Ed.), Communication Yearbook (Vol. 15, pp. 115-145). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.