Acute kidney injury: An intensivist's perspective

Pediatric Nephrology

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 13-21

  Prowle, John R ^a  

^a Adult Critical Care Unit   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acute kidney injury; Adults; Children; Critical care; Diagnosis; Fluid overload

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; CREATININE; D DIMER; DOPAMINE; HYPERTENSIVE AGENT; INFUSION FLUID; INOTROPIC AGENT; NORADRENALIN; PLACEBO; PROTEIN; TROPONIN; VASOCONSTRICTOR AGENT; VASOPRESSIN;

ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; CREATININE CLEARANCE; CRITICAL ILLNESS; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFICACY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FLUID RESUSCITATION; FLUID THERAPY; FORWARD HEART FAILURE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEART FAILURE; HEART OUTPUT; HEMODILUTION; HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING; HEMODYNAMICS; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERVOLEMIA; INFLAMMATION; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; INTENSIVIST; KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW; KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION; KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST; KIDNEY INJURY; KIDNEY ISCHEMIA; LABORATORY TEST; LOW DRUG DOSE; MORTALITY; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; NEPHROLOGIST; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; OLIGURIA; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTAKE; PROTEINURIA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SEPSIS; SEPTIC SHOCK; SURVIVAL RATE; URINALYSIS; URINE VOLUME;

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; CRITICAL CARE; HUMANS;

EID: 84890553521     PISSN: 0931041X     EISSN: 1432198X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2411-1     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Akcan-Arikan A, Zappitelli M, Loftis LL, Washburn KK, Jefferson LS, Goldstein SL (2007) Modified RIFLE criteria in critically ill children with acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 71:1028-1035
2. Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta RL, Palevsky P (2004) Acute renal failure-definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care 8:R204-R212
3. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) (2012) KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2:1-138
4. Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, Molitoris BA, Ronco C, Warnock DG, Levin A (2007) Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care 11:R31
5. Hoste EAJ, Clermont G, Kersten A, Venkataraman R, Angus DC, De Bacquer D, Kellum JA (2006) RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury are associated with hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort analysis. Crit Care 10:R73
6. Bagshaw SM, George C, Bellomo R, Committe ADM (2008) A comparison of the RIFLE and AKIN criteria for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23:1569-1574
7. Slater MB, Anand V, Uleryk EM, Parshuram CS (2012) A systematic review of RIFLE criteria in children, and its application and association with measures of mortality and morbidity. Kidney Int 81:791-798
8. Bagshaw SM, Uchino S, Bellomo R, Morimatsu H, Morgera S, Schetz M, Tan I, Bouman C, Macedo E, Gibney N, Tolwani A, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Beginning, Ending Supportive Therapy for the Kidney I (2007) Septic acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: clinical characteristics and outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2:431-439
9. Plotz FB, Bouma AB, van Wijk JA, Kneyber MC, Bokenkamp A (2008) Pediatric acute kidney injury in the ICU: an independent evaluation of pRIFLE criteria. Intensive Care Med 34:1713-1717
10. Chertow GM, Burdick E, Honour M, Bonventre JV, Bates DW (2005) Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:3365-3370
11. Zappitelli M, Bernier PL, Saczkowski RS, Tchervenkov CI, Gottesman R, Dancea A, Hyder A, Alkandari O (2009) A small post-operative rise in serum creatinine predicts acute kidney injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Kidney Int 76:885-892
12. Price JF, Mott AR, Dickerson HA, Jefferies JL, Nelson DP, Chang AC, O'Brian Smith E, Towbin JA, Dreyer WJ, Denfield SW, Goldstein SL (2008) Worsening renal function in children hospitalized with decompensated heart failure: evidence for a pediatric cardiorenal syndrome? Pediatr Crit Care Med 9:279-284
13. Hui-Stickle S, Brewer ED, Goldstein SL (2005) Pediatric ARF epidemiology at a tertiary care center from 1999 to 2001. Am J Kidney Dis 45:96-101
14. Williams DM, Sreedhar SS, Mickell JJ, Chan JC (2002) Acute kidney failure: a pediatric experience over 20 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 156:893-900
15. Uchino S, Kellum JA, Bellomo R, Doig GS, Morimatsu H, Morgera S, Schetz M, Tan I, Bouman C, Macedo E, Gibney N, Tolwani A, Ronco C, Beginning and Ending Supportive Therapy for the Kidney (BEST Kidney) Investigators (2005) Acute renal failure in critically ill patients: a multinational, multicenter study. JAMA 294:813-818
16. Ozcakar ZB, Yalcinkaya F, Altas B, Ergun H, Kendirli T, Ates C, Elhan AH, Ekim M (2009) Application of the new classification criteria of the Acute Kidney Injury Network: a pilot study in a pediatric population. Pediatr Nephrol 24:1379-1384
17. Symons JM, Chua AN, Somers MJ, Baum MA, Bunchman TE, Benfield MR, Brophy PD, Blowey D, Fortenberry JD, Chand D, Flores FX, Hackbarth R, Alexander SR, Mahan J, McBryde KD, Goldstein SL (2007) Demographic characteristics of pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy: a report of the prospective pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy registry. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2:732-738
18. Venkatachalam MA, Weinberg JM (2012) The tubule pathology of septic acute kidney injury: a neglected area of research comes of age. Kidney Int 81:338-340
19. Wang Z, Holthoff JH, Seely KA, Pathak E, Spencer HJ 3rd, Gokden N, Mayeux PR (2012) Development of oxidative stress in the peritubular capillary microenvironment mediates sepsis-induced renal microcirculatory failure and acute kidney injury. Am J Pathol 180:505-516
20. Jacobs R, Honore PM, Joannes-Boyau O, Boer W, De Regt J, De Waele E, Collin V, Spapen HD (2011) Septic acute kidney injury: the culprit is inflammatory apoptosis rather than ischemic necrosis. Blood Purif 32:262-265
21. Lipcsey M, Bellomo R (2011) Septic acute kidney injury: hemodynamic syndrome, inflammatory disorder, or both? Crit Care 15:1008
22. Saotome T, Ishikawa K, May CN, Birchall IE, Bellomo R (2010) The impact of experimental hypoperfusion on subsequent kidney function. Intensive Care Med 36:533-540
23. Langenberg C, Wan L, Egi M, May CN, Bellomo R (2006) Renal blood flow in experimental septic acute renal failure. Kidney Int 69:1996-2002
24. Sharfuddin AA, Molitoris BA (2011) Pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 7:189-200
25. Imai Y, Parodo J, Kajikawa O, de Perrot M, Fischer S, Edwards V, Cutz E, Liu M, Keshavjee S, Martin TR, Marshall JC, Ranieri VM, Slutsky AS (2003) Injurious mechanical ventilation and end-organ epithelial cell apoptosis and organ dysfunction in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA 289:2104-2112
26. Hoke TS, Douglas IS, Klein CL, He Z, Fang W, Thurman JM, Tao Y, Dursun B, Voelkel NF, Edelstein CL, Faubel S (2007) Acute renal failure after bilateral nephrectomy is associated with cytokine-mediated pulmonary injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:155-164
27. Goldstein SL, Devarajan P (2011) Acute kidney injury in childhood: should we be worried about progression to CKD? Pediatr Nephrol 26:509-522
28. Coca SG, Singanamala S, Parikh CR (2012) Chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Int 81:442-448
29. Chawla LS, Amdur RL, Amodeo S, Kimmel PL, Palant CE (2011) The severity of acute kidney injury predicts progression to chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 79:1361-1369
30. Mammen C, Al Abbas A, Skippen P, Nadel H, Levine D, Collet JP, Matsell DG (2012) Long-term risk of CKD in children surviving episodes of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 59:523-530
31. Viaud M, Llanas B, Harambat J (2012) Renal outcome in long-term survivors from severe acute kidney injury in childhood. Pediatr Nephrol 27:151-152, author reply 153
32. Endre ZH, Pickering JW, Walker RJ (2011) Clearance and beyond: the complementary roles of GFR measurement and injury biomarkers in acute kidney injury (AKI). Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 301:F697-F707
33. Wilson FP, Sheehan JM, Mariani LH, Berns JS (2012) Creatinine generation is reduced in patients requiring continuous venovenous hemodialysis and independently predicts mortality. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:4088-4094
34. Macedo E, Bouchard J, Soroko SH, Chertow GM, Himmelfarb J, Ikizler TA, Paganini EP, Mehta RL (2010) Fluid accumulation, recognition and staging of acute kidney injury in critically-ill patients. Crit Care 14:R82
35. Prowle JR, Liu YL, Licari E, Bagshaw SM, Egi M, Haase M, Haase-Fielitz A, Kellum JA, Cruz D, Ronco C, Tsutsui K, Uchino S, Bellomo R (2011) Oliguria as predictive biomarker of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Crit Care 15:R172
36. Bagshaw SM, Langenberg C, Bellomo R (2006) Urinary biochemistry and microscopy in septic acute renal failure: a systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis 48:695-705
37. Devarajan P (2011) Biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury. Curr Opin Pediatr 23:194-200
38. Mishra J, Dent C, Tarabishi R, Mitsnefes MM, Ma Q, Kelly C, Ruff SM, Zahedi K, Shao M, Bean J, Mori K, Barasch J, Devarajan P (2005) Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker for acute renal injury after cardiac surgery. Lancet 365:1231-1238
39. Haase M, Bellomo R, Devarajan P, Schlattmann P, Haase-Fielitz A, NAGL Meta-analysis Investigator Group (2009) Accuracy of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in diagnosis and prognosis in acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 54:1012-1024
40. Haase M, Devarajan P, Haase-Fielitz A, Bellomo R, Cruz DN, Wagener G, Krawczeski CD, Koyner JL, Murray P, Zappitelli M, Goldstein SL, Makris K, Ronco C, Martensson J, Martling CR, Venge P, Siew E, Ware LB, Ikizler TA, Mertens PR (2011) The outcome of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-positive subclinical acute kidney injury: a multicenter pooled analysis of prospective studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:1752-1761
41. Goldstein SL, Chawla LS (2010) Renal angina. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:943-949
42. Nickolas TL, Schmidt-Ott KM, Canetta P, Forster C, Singer E, Sise M, Elger A, Maarouf O, Sola-Del Valle DA, O'Rourke M, Sherman E, Lee P, Geara A, Imus P, Guddati A, Polland A, Rahman W, Elitok S, Malik N, Giglio J, El-Sayegh S, Devarajan P, Hebbar S, Saggi SJ, Hahn B, Kettritz R, Luft FC, Barasch J (2012) Diagnostic and prognostic stratification in the emergency department using urinary biomarkers of nephron damage: a multicenter prospective cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol 59:246-255
43. Paragas N, Qiu A, Zhang Q, Samstein B, Deng SX, Schmidt-Ott KM, Viltard M, Yu W, Forster CS, Gong G, Liu Y, Kulkarni R, Mori K, Kalandadze A, Ratner AJ, Devarajan P, Landry DW, D'Agati V, Lin CS, Barasch J (2011) The Ngal reporter mouse detects the response of the kidney to injury in real time. Nat Med 17:216-222
44. Bellomo R, Warrillow SJ, Reade MC (2009) Why we should be wary of single-center trials. Crit Care Med 37:3114-3119
45. Prowle J, Bellomo R (2010) Acute kidney injury: specific interventions and drugs. In: Jörres A, Ronco C, Kellum J (eds) Management of acute kidney problems. Springer, Berlin, pp 229-239
46. Bellomo R, Chapman M, Finfer S, Hickling K, Myburgh J (2000) Low-dose dopamine in patients with early renal dysfunction: a placebo-controlled randomised trial. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Clinical Trials Group. Lancet 356:2139-2143
47. Hayes LW, Oster RA, Tofil NM, Tolwani AJ (2009) Outcomes of critically ill children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. J Crit Care 24:394-400
48. Sutherland SM, Zappitelli M, Alexander SR, Chua AN, Brophy PD, Bunchman TE, Hackbarth R, Somers MJ, Baum M, Symons JM, Flores FX, Benfield M, Askenazi D, Chand D, Fortenberry JD, Mahan JD, McBryde K, Blowey D, Goldstein SL (2010) Fluid overload and mortality in children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: the prospective pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy registry. Am J Kidney Dis 55:316-325
49. Payen D, de Pont AC, Sakr Y, Spies C, Reinhart K, Vincent JL, Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients (SOAP) Investigators (2008) A positive fluid balance is associated with a worse outcome in patients with acute renal failure. Crit Care 12:R74
50. Bouchard J, Soroko SB, Chertow GM, Himmelfarb J, Ikizler TA, Paganini EP, Mehta RL (2009) Fluid accumulation, survival and recovery of kidney function in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 76:422-427
51. Dalfino L, Tullo L, Donadio I, Malcangi V, Brienza N (2008) Intra-abdominal hypertension and acute renal failure in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 34:707-713
52. Mullens W, Abrahams Z, Francis GS, Sokos G, Taylor DO, Starling RC, Young JB, Tang WH (2009) Importance of venous congestion for worsening of renal function in advanced decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:589-596
53. Herrler T, Tischer A, Meyer A, Feiler S, Guba M, Nowak S, Rentsch M, Bartenstein P, Hacker M, Jauch KW (2010) The intrinsic renal compartment syndrome: new perspectives in kidney transplantation. Transplantation 89:40-46
54. Heung M, Wolfgram DF, Kommareddi M, Hu Y, Song PX, Ojo AO (2012) Fluid overload at initiation of renal replacement therapy is associated with lack of renal recovery in patients with acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:956-961
55. Brandt S, Regueira T, Bracht H, Porta F, Djafarzadeh S, Takala J, Gorrasi J, Borotto E, Krejci V, Hiltebrand LB, Bruegger LE, Beldi G, Wilkens L, Lepper PM, Kessler U, Jakob SM (2009) Effect of fluid resuscitation on mortality and organ function in experimental sepsis models. Crit Care 13:R186
56. Boyd JH, Forbes J, Nakada TA, Walley KR, Russell JA (2011) Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality. Crit Care Med 39:259-265
57. Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, Nyeko R, Mtove G, Reyburn H, Lang T, Brent B, Evans JA, Tibenderana JK, Crawley J, Russell EC, Levin M, Babiker AG, Gibb DM; Feast Trial Group (2011) Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med 364:2483-2495
58. Liu KD, Thompson BT, Ancukiewicz M, Steingrub JS, Douglas IS, Matthay MA, Wright P, Peterson MW, Rock P, Hyzy RC, Anzueto A, Truwit JD, National Institutes of Health National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network (2011) Acute kidney injury in patients with acute lung injury: impact of fluid accumulation on classification of acute kidney injury and associated outcomes. Crit Care Med 39:2665-2671
59. de Oliveira CF, de Oliveira DS, Gottschald AF, Moura JD, Costa GA, Ventura AC, Fernandes JC, Vaz FA, Carcillo JA, Rivers EP, Troster EJ (2008) ACCM/PALS haemodynamic support guidelines for paediatric septic shock: an outcomes comparison with and without monitoring central venous oxygen saturation. Intensive Care Med 34:1065-1075
60. Lin SM, Huang CD, Lin HC, Liu CY, Wang CH, Kuo HP (2006) A modified goal-directed protocol improves clinical outcomes in intensive care unit patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled trial. Shock 26:551-557
61. Prowle JR, Chua HR, Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R (2012) Clinical review: volume of fluid resuscitation and the incidence of acute kidney injury: a systematic review. Crit Care 16:230. doi: 10.1186/cc11345
62. Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Wisniewski SR, Pinsky MR (1999) Effects of norepinephrine on the renal vasculature in normal and endotoxemic dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:1186-1192
63. Anderson WP, Korner PI, Selig SE (1981) Mechanisms involved in the renal responses to intravenous and renal artery infusions of noradrenaline in conscious dogs. J Physiol 321:21-30
64. Martin C, Papazian L, Perrin G, Saux P, Gouin F (1993) Norepinephrine or dopamine for the treatment of hyperdynamic septic shock? Chest 103:1826-1831
65. Di Giantomasso D, Morimatsu H, May CN, Bellomo R (2003) Intrarenal blood flow distribution in hyperdynamic septic shock: effect of norepinephrine. Crit Care Med 31:2509-2513
66. Redfors B, Bragadottir G, Sellgren J, Sward K, Ricksten SE (2011) Effects of norepinephrine on renal perfusion, filtration and oxygenation in vasodilatory shock and acute kidney injury. Intensive Care Med 37:60-67
67. Badin J, Boulain T, Ehrmann S, Skarzynski M, Bretagnol A, Buret J, Benzekri-Lefevre D, Mercier E, Runge I, Garot D, Mathonnet A, Dequin PF, Perrotin D (2011) Relation between mean arterial pressure and renal function in the early phase of shock: a prospective, explorative cohort study. Crit Care 15:R135
68. Liu YL, Prowle J, Licari E, Uchino S, Bellomo R (2009) Changes in blood pressure before the development of nosocomial acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24:504-511
69. Glassford NJ, Bellomo R (2011) Acute kidney injury: how can we facilitate recovery? Curr Opin Crit Care 17:562-568