Human-livestock interactions: The stockperson and the productivity and welfare of intensively farmed animals

Human-Livestock Interactions: The Stockperson and the Productivity and Welfare of Intensively Farmed Animals

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-194

  Paul, Hemsworth ^a   Coleman, Grahame J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890247227     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (391)

1. Abbott, T.A., Hunter, E.J., Guise, H.J. and Penny, R.H.C. (1997) The effect of experience of handling pigs on willingness to move. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 54, 371-375.
2. Adams, B.M. (1968) Effect of cortisol on growth and uric acid excretion in the chick. Journal of Endocrinology 40, 145-151.
3. Adorno, T., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. and Sanford, N. (1950) The Authoritarian Personality. Norton, New York.
4. Ajzen, I. (1985) From intentions to actions: a theory of planned behaviour. In: Kuhl, J. and Beckman, J. (eds) Action-control: from Cognition to Behavior. Springer Verlag, Heidelburg, Germany, pp. 11-39.
5. Ajzen, I. (1988) Attitudes, Personality and Behaviour. Open University Press, Milton Keynes, UK.
6. Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1977) Attitudebehaviour relations: a theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. Psychological Bulletin 84, 888-918.
7. Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1980) Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behaviour. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
8. Albarracín, D., Zanna, M.P., Johnson, B.T. and Kumkale, G.T. (2005) Attitudes: introduction and scope. In: Albarracin, D., Johnson, B.T. and Zanna, M.P. (eds) The Handbook of Attitudes. Psychology Press, New York, pp. 3-19.
9. Allport, G.W. (1935) Attitudes. In: Murchison, C. (ed.) Handbook of Social Psychology. Clark University Press, Worchester, Massachusetts, pp. 798-844.
10. Allport, G.W. (1937) Personality; Characters and Characteristics. Henry Holt, New York.
11. Andersen, I.L., Berg, S., Bøe, K.E. and Edwards, S. (2006) Positive handling in late pregnancy and the consequences for maternal behaviour and production in sows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 99, 64-76.
12. Appleby, M.C., Hughes, B.O. and Elson, H.A. (1992) Poultry Production Systems. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
13. Appleby, M.C., Mench, J.A. and Hughes, B.O. (2004) Poultry Behaviour and Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
14. Arave, C.W., Mickelsen, C.H. and Walters, J.L. (1985) Effect of early rearing experience on subsequent behavior and production of Holstein heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 68, 923-929.
15. Arave, C.W., Albright, J.L., Armstrong, D.V., Foster, W.W. and Larson, L.L. (1992) Effects of isolation of calves on growth, behavior and first lactation milk yield of production of Holstein heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 3408-3415.
16. Aronson, E. (1969) The theory of cognitive dissonance: a current perspective. In: Berkowitz, L. (ed.) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 4, 1-34.
17. Asch, S.E. (1956) Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied 70, 547-549.
18. Aureli, F. and Schaffner, C.M. (2002) Relationship assessment through emotional mediation. Behaviour 139, 393-420.
19. Bagozzi, R.P. (1980) Causal Models in Marketing. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
20. Barnett, J.L. (2003) Studying stress to assess animal welfare. In: Paterson, J.E. (ed.) Manipulating Pig Production IX. Australasian Pig Science Association, Werribee, Victoria, Australia, pp. 107-114, 116-120.
21. Barnett, J.L. and Hemsworth, P.H. (1989) Fear of humans by laying hens in different tiers of a battery, behavioural and physiological responses. British Poultry Science 30, 497-502.
22. Barnett, J.L. and Hemsworth, P.H. (2003) Science and its application in assessing the welfare of laying hens. Australian Veterinary Journal 81, 615-624.
23. Barnett, J.L. and Hemsworth, P.H. (2009) Welfare monitoring schemes: using research to safeguard the welfare of animals on the farm. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 12, 114-131.
24. Barnett, J.L., Hemsworth, P.H. and Hand, A.M. (1983) The effect of chronic stress on some blood parameters in the pig. Applied Animal Ethology 9, 273-277.
25. Barnett, J.L., Hemsworth, P.H., Cronin, G.M., Winfield, C.G., McCallum, T.H. and Newman, E.H. (1988) The effects of genotype on physiological and behavioural responses related to the welfare of pregnant pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 20, 287-296.
26. Barnett, J.L., Hemsworth, P.H., Newman, E.A., McCallum, T.H. and Winfield, C.G. (1989) The effect of design of tether and stall housing on the behavioural and physiological responses related to the welfare of pregnant pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 24, 1-12.
27. Barnett, J.L., Hemsworth, P.H., Cronin, G.M., Newman, E.A. and McCallum, T.H. (1991) Effects of design of individual cage-stalls on the behavioural and physiological responses related to the welfare of pregnant pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 32, 23-33.
28. Barnett, J.L., Hemsworth, P.H. and Newman, E.A. (1992) Fear of humans and its relationships with productivity in laying hens at commercial farms. British Poultry Science 33, 699-710.
29. Barnett, J.L., Hemsworth, P.H. and Jones, R.B. (1993) Behavioural responses of commercial farmed laying hens to humans: evidence of stimulus generalization. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 37, 139-146.
30. Barnett, J.L., Hemsworth, P.H., Hennessy, D.P., McCallum, T.M. and Newman, E.A. (1994) The effects of modifying the amount of human contact on the behavioural, physiological and production responses of laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 41, 87-100.
31. Barnett, J.L., Hemsworth, P.H., Cronin, G.M., Jongman, E.C. and Hutson, G.D. (2001) A review of the welfare issues for sows and piglets in relation to housing. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, 1-28.
32. Barnett, J.L., Edge, M.K. and Hemsworth, P.H. (2008) The place of quality assurance in managing animal welfare during long distance transport. In: Adams, D.B. and Thornber, P.M. (eds) Welfare aspects of long distance transportation of animals. Veterinaria Italiana 44, 121-131.
33. Barrick, M.P. and Mount, M. (1991) The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology 44, 1-26.
34. Barton Gade, P., Blaabjerg, L. and Christensen, L. (1992) New lairage system for slaughter pigs-effects on behaviour and quality characteristics. In: Proceedings of the 38th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, Vol. II. Danish Meat Institute, Roskilde, Denmark, pp. 161-164.
35. Bartov, I., Jensen, L.S. and Veltman, J.R. (1980) Effect of corticosterone and prolactin on fattening in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 59, 1328-1334.
36. Bellamy, D. and Leonard, R.A. (1965) Effect of cortisol on the growth of chicks. General Comparative Endocrinology 5, 402-410.
37. Bentler, P.M. and Speckart, G. (1979) Models of attitude-behavior relations. Psychological Review 86, 452-464.
38. Beveridge, L.M. (1996) Studies on the influence of human characteristics and training on stockperson work performance and farm animal behaviour. PhD thesis. The University of Aberdeen, UK.
39. Beynon, N.M. (1991) Analysis of stockmanship. Pig Veterinary Journal 26, 67-77.
40. Blake, R. and Dennis, W. (1943) Development of stereotypes concerning the Negro. Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology 38, 525-531.
41. Blecha, F. (2000) Immune system response to stress. In: Mench, J.A. and Moberg, G. (eds) Biology of Animal Stress. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 111-122.
42. Blumberg, M. and Pringle, C.D. (1982) The missing opportunity in organisational research: some implications for a theory of work performance. Academy of Management Review 7, 560-569.
43. Bodsworth, W. and Coleman, G.J. (2001) Child-companion animal attachment bonds in single and two-parent families. Anthrozooz 14, 216-223.
44. Boissy, A. and Bouissou, M.F. (1988) Effects of early handling on heifers' subsequent reactivity to humans and to unfamiliar situations. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 20, 259-273.
45. Boivin, X., Le Neindre, P. and Chupin, J.M. (1992) Establishment of cattle-human relationships. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 32, 325-335.
46. Boivin, X., Tournadre, H. and Le Neindre, P. (2000) Hand-feeding and gentling influence early-weaned lambs' attachment responses to their stockperson. Journal of Animal Science 78, 879-884.
47. Boivin, X., Nowak, R. and Garcia, A.T. (2001) The presence of the dam affects the effi-ciency of gentling and feeding on the early establishment of the stockperson-lamb relationship. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 72, 89-103.
48. Boivin, X., Boissy, A., Nowak, R., Henry, C., Tournadre, H. and Le Neindre, P. (2002) Maternal presence limits the effects of feeding and gentling on the lambs' socialisation to the stockperson. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 77, 311-328.
49. Boivin, X., Lensink, J., Tallet, C. and Veissier, I. (2003) Stockmanship and farm animal welfare. Animal Welfare 12, 479-492.
50. Boivin, X., Marcantognini, L., Boulesteix, P., Godet, J., Brulé, A. and Veissier, I. (2007) Attitudes of farmers towards Limousin cattle and their handling. Animal Welfare 16, 147-151.
51. Bolles, R. (1981) Emotion. In: McFarland, D.J. (ed.) The Oxford Companion to Animal Behaviour. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 149-152.
52. Borofsky, G.L. and Smith, M. (1993) Reductions in turnover, accidents, and absenteeism: the contribution of a pre-employment screening inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology 49, 109-116.
53. Bouissou, M.F. and Vandenheede, M. (1995) Fear reactions of domestic sheep confronted with either a human or a human-like model. Behavioural Processes 43, 81-92.
54. Brambell, F.W.R., Barbour, D.S., Barnett, M.B., Ewer, T.K., Hobson, A., Pitchforth, H., Smith, W.R., Thorpe, W.H. and Winship, F.J.W. (1965) Report of the Technical Committee to Enquire into the Welfare of Animals Kept Under Intensive Husbandry Systems. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, UK.
55. Bredbacka, P. (1988) Relationships between fear, welfare and productive traits in caged White Leghorn hens. In: Unshelm, J., Van Putten, G., Zeeb, K. and Eksebo (eds) Proceedings of the International Congress on Applied Ethology in Farm Animals. Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic and Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia, pp. 74-89.
56. Brehm, J. and Cohen, A.R. (1962) Explorations in Cognitive Dissonance. Wiley, New York.
57. Breuer, K., Hemsworth, P.H. and Coleman, G.J. (1997) The influence of handling on the behaviour and productivity of lactating heifers. In: Hemsworth, P.H., Spinka, M. and Košt'ál, L. (eds) Proceedings of the 31st International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. ISAE, Prague, Czech Republic.
58. Breuer, K., Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L., Matthews, L.R. and Coleman, G.J. (2000) Behavioural response to humans and the productivity of commercial dairy cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 66, 273-288.
59. Breuer, K., Hemsworth, P.H. and Coleman, G.J. (2003) The effect of positive or negative handling on the behavioural responses of nonlactating heifers. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 84, 3-22.
60. Broom, D.M. (1986) Indicators of poor welfare. British Veterinary Journal 142, 524-526.
61. Broom, D.M. and Johnson, K.G. (1993) Stress and Animal Welfare. Chapman and Hall, London.
62. Bruckmaier, R.M. and Blum, J.W. (1998) Oxytocin release and milk removal in ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 939-949.
63. Bruckmaier, R.M., Schams, D. and Blum, J.W. (1993) Milk removal in familiar and unfamiliar surroundings: concentrations of oxytocin, prolactin, cortisol and β-endorphin. Journal of Dairy Research 60, 449-456.
64. Bruckmaier, R.M., Wellnitz, O. and Blum, J.W. (1997) Inhibition of milk ejection in cows by oxytocin receptor blockade, α-adrenergic receptor stimulation and in unfamiliar surroundings. Journal of Dairy Research 64, 315-325.
65. Buckland, R.B., Goldrosen, A. and Bernon, D.E. (1974) Effect of blood sampling by cardiac puncture on subsequent body weight of broilers and S.C. White Leghorn replacement pullets. Poultry Science 53, 1256-1258.
66. Bud Williams Stockmanship (2001) Teaching low stress livestock handling methods. Available at: www.stockmanship.com (accessed 29 April 2009).
67. Budd, R.J., North, D. and Spencer, C. (1984) Understanding seat-belt use: A test of Bentler and Speckart's extension of the 'theory of reasoned action'. European Journal of Social Psychology 14, 69-78.
68. Burrow, H.M. and Corbet, N.J. (2000) Genetic and environmental factors affecting temperament of zebu and zebu-derived beef cattle grazing at pasture in the tropics. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, 155-162.
69. Burrow, H.M. and Dillion, R.D. (1997) Relationship between temperament, liveweights and commercial carcass traits of Bos indicus crossbreds. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, 407-411.
70. Cabanac, M. (1979) Sensory pleasure. Quarterly Review of Biology 54, 1-29.
71. Cacioppo, J.T., Klein, D.J., Berston, G. and Hatfield, E. (1993) The psychophysiology of emotion. In: Lewis, M. and Haviland, J.M. (eds) Handbook of Emotions. Guildford Press, New York, pp. 119-142.
72. Cain, A.O. (1991) Pets and the family. Holistic Nursing Practice 5, 58-63.
73. California Secretary of State (2007) Information for voters. Available at: www.sos.ca. gov (accessed 10 July 2009).
74. Cammann, C., Fichmann, M., Jenkins, D. and Klesh, J. (1979) The Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
75. Campbell, D.T. (1963) Social attitudes and other acquired behavioural dispositions. In: Koch, S. (ed.) Psychology: a Study of a Science. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 94-172.
76. Campion, M.A. (1991) Meaning and measurement of turnover: comparison of alternative measures and recommendations for research. Journal of Applied Psychology 76, 199-212.
77. Cannon, W.B. (1914) The emergency function of the adrenal medulla in pain and the major emotions. American Journal of Physiology 33, 356-372.
78. Carless, S.A., Fewings-Hall, S., Hall, M., Hay, M., Hemsworth, P. and Coleman, G.J. (2007) Selecting unskilled and semi-skilled blue-collar workers: the criterion-related validity of the PDI-Employment Inventory. International Journal of Selection and Assessment 15, 335-340.
79. Chester Jones, I. and Henderson, I.W. (1976) General, Comparative and Clinical Endocrinology of the Adrenal Cortex, Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
80. Chlopan, B.E., McCain, M.L., Carbonell, J.L. and Hagen, R. (1985) Empathy: review of available measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48, 635-653.
81. Chusmir, L.H. (1982) Job commitment and th e organisational woman. Aca demy of M anagement Re view 7, 595-602.
82. Clarke, I.J., Hem sworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L. and Tilbrook, A.J. (1992) Stress and reproduction in farm animals. In: Sheppard, K.E., Boublik, J.H. and Funder, J.W. (eds) Stress and Reproduction. Serono Symposium Publications, Vol. 86. Raven Press, New York, pp. 239-251.
83. Cleary, G.V. (1990) Personnel management and staff training. In: Gardner, J.A.A., Dunkin, A.C. and Lloyd, L.C. (eds) Personnel Management and Record Keeping. Pig Production in Australia. Australian Pig Research Council, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, pp. 284-291.
84. Coleman, G.J. (2001) Selection of stockpeople to improve productivity. Fourth Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference, Sydney, New South Wales, p. 30.
85. Coleman, G.J. (2004) Personnel management in livestock industries. In: Benson, G.J. and Rollin, B.E. (eds) The Well-Being of Farm Animals: Challenges and Solutions. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa, pp.167-181.
86. Coleman, G.J. (2008) Public perceptions of animal pain and animal welfare. OIE Technical Series (World Organisation for Animal Health) 10, 26-37.
87. Coleman, G.J. (2010) Educating the public: information or persuasion? Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 37, 74-82.
88. Coleman, G.J., Hemsworth, P.H. and Hay, M. (1998) Predicting stockperson behaviour towards pigs from attitudinal and jobrelated variables and empathy. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 58, 63-75.
89. Coleman, G.J., Hemsworth, P.H., Hay, M. and Cox, M. (2000) Modifying stockperson attitudes and behaviour towards pigs at a large commercial farm. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 66, 11-20.
90. Coleman, G.J., McGregor, M., Hemsworth, P.H., Boyce, J. and Dowling, S. (2003) The relationship between beliefs, attitudes and observed behaviours of abattoir personnel in the pig industry. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 82, 189-200.
91. Costa, P.T. and McCrae, R.R. (1992) NEO PI-R. Professional Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources Inc., Odessa, Florida.
92. Cote, S. (2004) Stockmanship. A Powerful Tool for Grazing Lands Management. Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the Butte Soil and Water Conservation District, Arco, Idaho.
93. Cox, R.P. (1993) The human-animal bond as a correlate of family functioning. Clinical Nursing Research 2, 224-231.
94. Cransberg, P.H., Hemsworth, P.H. and Coleman, G.J. (2000) Human factors affecting the behaviour and productivity of commercial broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 41, 272-279.
95. Creel, S.R. and Albright, J.L. (1988) The effects of neonatal social isolation on the behaviour and endocrine function of Holstein calves. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 21, 293-306.
96. Cummings, R.B. (1994) Opportunities for whole grain feeding. In: Proceedings of the Ninth European Poultry Conference, Glasgow, UK. World Poultry Science Association, UK Branch, pp. 219-222.
97. Danbury, T.C., Weeks, C.A. and Chambers, J.P. (2000) Self-selection of the analgesic drug carprofen by lame broiler chickens. Veterinary Record 146, 307-311.
98. Dantzer, R. (1988) Les Emotions. Collection Que Sais-je? Presse Universitaires de France, Paris.
99. Dantzer, R. and Mormède, P. (1983) Stress in farm animals: a need for reevaluation. Journal of Animal Science 57, 6-18.
100. Dawkins, M. (1976) Towards an objective method of assessing welfare in domestic fowl. Applied Animal Ethology 2, 245-254.
101. Dawkins, M. (1977) Do hens suffer in battery cages? Environmental preferences and welfare. Animal Behaviour 25, 1034-1046.
102. Dawkins, M. (1980) Animal Suffering: the Science of Animal Welfare. Chapman and Hall, New York.
103. Dawkins, M. (1983) Battery hens name their price: consumer demand theory and the measurement of animal needs. Animal Behaviour 31, 1195-1205.
104. Dawkins, M.S. (2003) Behaviour as a tool in the assessment of animal welfare. Zoology 106, 383-387.
105. Dawkins, M.S. (2006) Through animal eyes: what behaviour tells us. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 100, 4-10.
106. Day, J.E.L., Spoodler, H.A.M., Burfoot, A., Chamberlain, H.L. and Edwards, S.A. (2003) The separate and interactive effects of handling and environmental enrichment on the behaviour and welfare of growing pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 75, 177-192.
107. De Alencar, M. do C.B., Nääs, I.A., Gontijo, L.A. and Salgado, D.A. (2007) Effects of labor motivation in poultry production. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 9, 213-217.
108. de Passille, A.M. and Rushen, J. (2005) Can we measure human-animal interactions in on-farm animal welfare assessment? Some unresolved issues. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 92, 193-209.
109. de Passille, A.M., Rushen, J., Ladewig, J. and Petherick, C. (1996) Dairy calves' discrimination of people based on previous handling. Journal of Animal Science 74, 969-974.
110. Dewsbury, D.A. (1992) Studies of rodent-human interactions in animal psychology. In: Davis, H. and Balfour, A.D. (eds) The Inevitable Bond-Examining Scientist-Animal Interactions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 27-43.
111. Duan, C. and Hill, C. (1996) The current state of empathy research. Journal of Counseling Psychology 43, 261-274.
112. Duncan, I.J.H. (1978) The interpretation of preference tests in animal behaviour. Applied Animal Ethology 4, 197-200.
113. Duncan, I.J.H. (2004) A concept of welfare based on feelings. In: Benson, G.J. and Rollin, B.E. (eds) The Well-Being of Farm Animals: Challenges and Solutions. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa, pp. 95-101.
114. Duncan, I.J.H. and Fraser, D. (1997) Understanding animal welfare. In: Appleby, M.C. and Hughes, B.O. (eds) Animal Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 19-31.
115. Duncan, I.J.H. and Petherick, J.C. (1991) The implications of cognitive processes for animal welfare. Journal of Animal Science 69, 5017-5022.
116. Duncan, I.J.H., Slee, G.S., Kettlewell, P., Berry, P. and Carlisle, A.J. (1986) Comparison of the stressfulness of harvesting broiler chickens by machine and by hand. British Poultry Science 27, 109-114.
117. Eagly, A.H. and Chaiken, S. (1993) The Psychology of Attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Orlando, Florida.
118. Echabe, A.E., Rovir, D.P. and Garate, J.V. (1988) Testing Ajzen and Fishbein's attitude model: the prediction on voting. European Journal of Social Psychology 18, 181-189.
119. Edney, A.T.B. (1992) Companion animals and human health. Veterinary Record 130, 285-288.
120. Edwards, L.E. (2009) The human-animal relationship in the laying hen. PhD thesis. The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
121. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) (2005) Welfare Aspects of Various Systems for Keeping Laying Hens. Annex to The EFSA Journal 197, 1-23. EFSA-Q-2003-92.
122. Eldridge, G.A. and Knowles, H.M. (1994) Improving Meat Quality through Improved Pre-slaughter Management. Pig Research & Development Corporation Research Report (DAV91P), Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
123. Elsasser, T.H., Klasing, K.C., Filiov, N. and Thompson, F. (2000) The metabolic consequences of stress: targets for stress and priorities of nutrient use. In: Mench, J.A. and Moberg, G. (eds) Biology of Animal Stress. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 77-110.
124. English, P., Burgess, G., Segundo, R. and Dunne, J. (1992) Stockmanship: Improving the Care of the Pig and Other Livestock. Farming Press Books, Ipswich, UK.
125. Estep, D.Q. and Hetts, S. (1992) Interactions, relationships, and bonds: the conceptual basis for scientist-animal relations. In: Davis, H. and Balfour, A.D. (eds) The Inevitable Bond-Examining Scientist-Animal Interactions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 6-26.
126. European Commission (2007) Attitudes of EU Citizens towards Animal Welfare. Special Eurobarometer 270/Wave 66.1.
127. Eysenck, H.J. (1966) Personality and experimental psychology. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society 19, 1-28.
128. Faure, J.M. (1981) Bidirectional sectional for open-field activity in young chicks. Behaviour Genetics 11, 135-143.
129. FAWC (Farm Animal Welfare Council) (1993) Second Report on Priorities for Research and Development in Farm Animal Welfare. London.
130. Fell, L.R. and Shutt, D.A. (1988) Salivary cortisol and behavioural indicators of stress in sheep. Animal Production in Australia 17, 186-189.
131. Festinger, L. (1957) A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford University Press, Polo Alto, California.
132. Festinger, L. and Carlsmith, J.M. (1959) Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal Abnormal and Social Psychology 58, 203-210.
133. Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1974) Attitudes towards objects as predictors of single and multiple behavioral criteria. Psychological Review 81, 59-74.
134. Fordyce, G., Wythes, J.R., Shorthose, W.R., Underwood, D.W. and Shepherd, R.K. (1988) Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in Northern Queensland. 2. Effect of temperament on carcass and meat quality. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, 689-693.
135. Fraser, A.F. and Broom, D.M. (1990) Farm Animal Behaviour and Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
136. Fraser, D. (2003) Assessing animal welfare at the farm and group level: the interplay of science and values. Animal Welfare 12, 433-443.
137. Fraser, D. (2008) Understanding Animal Welfare: the Science in its Cultural Context. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex, UK.
138. Fraser, D. and Duncan, I.J.H. (1998) 'Pleasures', 'pains' and animal welfare: toward a natural history of affect. Animal Welfare 7, 383-396.
139. Fraser, D. and Matthews, L.R. (1997) Preference and motivation testing. In: Appleby, M.C. and Hughes, B.O. (eds) Animal Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 159-174.
140. Freeman, B.M. and Manning, A.C.C. (1979) Stressor effects of handling on the immature fowl. Research in Veterinary Science 26, 223-226.
141. Fulkerson, W.J. and Jamieson, P.A. (1982) Pattern of cortisol release in sheep following administration of synthetic ACTH or imposition of various stressor agents. Australian Journal of Biological Science 35, 215-222.
142. Galef, B.G. Jr (1970) Aggression and timidity: responses to novelty in feral Norway rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 70, 370-381.
143. Geverink, N.A., Kappers, A., van de Burgwal, J.A., Lambooij, E., Blokhuis, H.J. and Wiegant, V.M. (1998) Effects of regular moving and handling on the behavioural and physiological responses of pigs to preslaughter treatment and consequences for subsequent meat quality. Journal of Animal Science 76, 2080-2085.
144. Gonyou, H.W., Hemsworth, P.H. and Barnett, J.L. (1986) Effects of frequent interactions with humans on growing pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 16, 269-278.
145. Grandin, T. (1980) Livestock behavior as related to handling facilities design. International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems 1, 33-52.
146. Grandin, T. (1993) Behavioural principles of cattle handling under extensive conditions. In: Grandin, T. (ed.) Livestock Handling and Transport. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 43-57.
147. Grandin, T. (2007) Behavioural principles of handling cattle and other grazing animals under extensive conditions. In: Grandin, T. (ed.) Livestock Handling and Transport, 3rd edn. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, pp. 44-64.
148. Grandin, T., Curtis, S.E. and Taylor, I.A. (1987) Toys, mingling and driving reduce excitability in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 65 (Suppl. 1), 230 (abstract).
149. Gray, J.A. (1987) The Psychology of Fear and Stress, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
150. Gregory, N.G., Wilkins, L.J., Alvey, D.M. and Tucker, S.A. (1993) Effect of catching method and lighting intensity on the prevalence of broken bones and on the ease of handling of end of lay hens. Veterinary Record 132, 127-129.
151. Gross, W.B. and Siegel, P.B. (1979) Adaptation of chickens to their handlers and experimental results. Avian Diseases 23, 708-714.
152. Gross, W.B. and Siegel, P.B. (1980) Effects of early environmental stresses on chicken body weight, antibody response to RBC antigens, feed efficiency and response to fasting. Avian Diseases 24, 549-579.
153. Gross, W.B. and Siegel, P.B. (1981) Socialization as a factor in resistance to infection, feed efficiency and response to antigen in chickens. American Journal of Veterinary Research 43, 2010-2012.
154. Gross, W.B. and Siegel, P.B. (1982) Influences of sequences of environmental factors on the responses of chickens to fasting and to Staphylococcus aureus infection. American Journal of Veterinary Research 43, 137-139.
155. Gross, W.B. and Siegel, H.S. (1983) Evaluation of the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Avian Disease 27, 972-979.
156. Harbuz, M.S. and Lightman, S.L. (1992) Stress and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis: acute, chronic and immunological activation. Journal of Endocrinology 134, 327-339.
157. Hargreaves, A.L. and Hutson, G.D. (1990a) Changes in heart rate, plasma cortisol and haematocrit of sheep during a shearing procedure. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 26, 91-101.
158. Hargreaves, A.L. and Hutson, G.D. (1990b) An evaluation of the contribution of isolation, p-ending and wool removal to the stress response to shearing. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 26, 103-113.
159. Hargreaves, A.L. and Hutson, G.D. (1990c) The effect of gentling on heart rate, flight distance and aversion of sheep to a handling procedure. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 26, 243-252.
160. Harrison, R. (1964) Animal Machines. Vincent Stuart Ltd, London.
161. Hearnshaw, H., Barlow, R. and Want, G. (1979) Development of a temperament or handling difficulty score for cattle. Proceedings of the Inaugural Conference of Australian Animal Breed Genetics 1, 164-166.
162. Hediger, H. (1964) The animal's relationship with man. In: Hediger, H. Wild Animals in Captivity. Dover Publications Inc., New York.
163. Hemsworth, P.H. (2000) Behavioural principles in pig handling. In: Grandin, T. (ed.) Livestock Handling and Transport. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 255-274.
164. Hemsworth, P.H. (2007a) Ethical stockmanship. Australian Veterinary Journal 85, 194-200.
165. Hemsworth, P.H. (2007b) Behavioural principles of pig handling. In: Grandin, T. (ed.) Livestock Handling and Transport, 3rd edn. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 214-227.
166. Hemsworth, P.H. and Barnett, J.L. (1987) Human-animal interactions. In: Price, E.O. (ed.) The Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animal Practice, Vol. 3. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 339-356.
167. Hemsworth, P.H. and Barnett, J.L. (1989) Relationships between fear of humans, productivity and cage position of laying hens. British Poultry Science 30, 505-518.
168. Hemsworth, P.H. and Barnett, J.L. (1991) The effects of aversively handling pigs either individually or in groups on their behaviour, growth and corticosteroids. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 30, 61-72.
169. Hemsworth, P.H. and Barnett, J.L. (1992) The effects of early contact with humans on the subsequent level of fear of humans by pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 35, 83-90.
170. Hemsworth, P.H. and Coleman, G.J. (2009) Animal welfare and management. In: Smulders, F.J.M. and Algers, B. (eds) Food Safety Assurance and Veterinary Public Health, Volume 5. Welfare of Production Animals: Assessment and Management of Risks. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 133-147.
171. Hemsworth, P.H. and Gonyou, H.W. (1997) Human contact. In: Appleby, M.C. and Hughes, B.O. (eds) Animal Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 205-305.
172. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L. and Hansen, C. (1981a) The influence of handling by humans on the behaviour, growth and corticosteroids in the juvenile female pig. Hormones and Behavior 15, 396-403.
173. Hemsworth, P.H., Brand, A. and Willems, P. (1981b) The behavioural response of sows to the presence of human beings and its relation to productivity. Livestock Production Science 8, 67-74.
174. Hemsworth, P.H., Gonyou, H.W. and Dzuik, P.J. (1986a) Human communication with pigs: the behavioural response of pigs to specific human signals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 15, 45-54.
175. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L., Hansen, C. and Gonyou, H.W. (1986b) The influence of early contact with humans on subsequent behavioural response of pigs to humans. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 15, 55-63.
176. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L. and Hansen, C. (1986c) The influence of handling by humans on the behaviour, reproduction and corticosteroids of male and female pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 15, 303-314.
177. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L. and Hansen, C. (1987) The influence of inconsistent handling on the behaviour, growth and corticosteroids of young pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 17, 245-252.
178. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L., Tilbrook, A.J. and Hansen, C. (1989a) The effects of handling by humans at calving and during milking on the behaviour and milk cortisol concentrations of primiparous dairy cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 22, 313-326.
179. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L., Coleman, G.J. and Hansen, C. (1989b) A study of the relationships between the attitudinal and behavioural profiles of stockpeople and the level of fear of humans and the reproductive performance of commercial pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 23, 301-314.
180. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L. and Coleman, G.J. (1993) The human-animal relationship in agriculture and its consequences for the animal. Animal Welfare 2, 33-51.
181. Hemsworth, P.H., Coleman, G.J. and Barnett, J.L. (1994a) Improving the attitude and behaviour of stockpeople towards pigs and the consequences on the behaviour and reproductive performance of commercial pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 39, 349-362.
182. Hemsworth, P.H., Coleman, G.J., Cox, M. and Barnett, J.L. (1994b) Stimulus generalisation: the inability of pigs to discriminate between humans on the basis of their previous handling experience. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 40, 129-142.
183. Hemsworth, P.H., Coleman, G.C., Barnett, J.L. and Jones, R.B. (1994c) Behavioural responses of humans and the productivity of commercial broiler chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 41, 101-114.
184. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L., Breuer, K., Coleman, G.C. and Matthews, L.R. (1995) An Investigation of the Relationships Between Handling and Human Contact and the Milking Behaviour, Productivity and Welfare of Commercial Dairy Cows. Research Report on Dairy Research and Development Council Project, Attwood, Victoria, Australia.
185. Hemsworth, P.H., Coleman, G.C., Cransberg, P.H. and Barnett, J.L. (1996a) Human Factors and the Productivity and Welfare of Commercial Broiler Chickens. Research Report on Chicken Meat Research & Development Council Project, Attwood, Victoria, Australia.
186. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L. and Campbell, R.G. (1996b) A study of the relative aversiveness of a new daily injection procedure for pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 49, 389-401.
187. Hemsworth, P.H., Price, E.O. and Bogward, R. (1996c) Behavioural responses of domestic pigs and cattle to humans and novel stimuli. Applied Animal Behavioural Science 50, 43-56.
188. Hemsworth, P.H., Verge, J. and Coleman, G.J. (1996d) Conditioned approach avoidance responses to humans: the ability of pigs to associate feeding and aversive social experiences in the presence of humans with humans. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 50, 71-82.
189. Hemsworth, P.H., Pedersen, V., Cox, M., Cronin, G.M. and Coleman, G.J. (1999) A note on the relationship between the behavioural response of lactating sows to humans and the survival of their piglets. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 65, 43-52.
190. Hemsworth, P.H., Coleman, G.J., Barnett, J.L. and Borg, S. (2000) Relationships between human-animal interactions and productivity of commercial dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 78, 2821-2831.
191. Hemsworth, P.H., Coleman, G.J., Barnett, J.L., Borg, S. and Dowling, S. (2002) The effects of cognitive behavioral intervention on the attitude and behavior of stockpersons and the behavior and productivity of commercial dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 80, 68-78.
192. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L., Rickard, M. and Coleman, G.J. (2007) Australia's research and development capacity in animal welfare. Farm Policy Journal 4 (4, November Quarter 2007), 23-31.
193. Hemsworth, P.H., Rice, M., Calleja, L., Karlen, G.A., Coleman, G.J. and Barnett, J.L. (2008) The relationships between handling prior to slaughter and stress in sheep and cattle at abattoirs. In: Boyle, L., O'Connell, N. and Hanlon, A. (eds) Proceedings of the 42nd International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology, Dublin, Ireland. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, p. 75 (abstract).
194. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L. and Coleman, G.J. (2009) The integration of human-animal relations into animal welfare monitoring schemes. Animal Welfare 18, 335-345.
195. Hill, J.D., McGlone, J.J., Fullwood, S.D. and Miller, M.F. (1998) Environmental enrichment influences on pig behaviour, performance and meat quality. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 57, 51-68.
196. Hinde, R.A. (1970) Behaviour: a Synthesis of Ethology and Comparative Psychology. McGraw-Hill Kogakusha Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.
197. Hinde, R.A. (1976) Interactions, relationships and social structure. Man 11, 11-17.
198. Hogan, J.A. (2008) Motivation. In: Bolhuis, J.J. and Giraldeau, L.-C. (eds) The Behaviour of Animals: Mechanisms, Function and Evolution. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Massachusetts, pp. 41-70.
199. Hosey, G.T. (2008) A preliminary model of human-animal relationships in the zoo. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 109, 105-127.
200. Hovland, C.I., Janis, I.L. and Kelley, H.H. (1953) Communication and Persuasion: Psychological Studies of Opinion Change. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
201. Hughes, B.O. (1975) Spatial preference in the domestic fowl. British Veterinary Journal 131, 560-564.
202. Hughes, B.O. (1976) Preference decisions of domestic hens for wire or litter floors. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2, 155-165.
203. Hughes, B.O. and Black, A.J. (1973) The preference of domestic hens for different types of battery cage floor. British Journal of Poultry Science 14, 615-619.
204. Hughes, B.O. and Black, A.J. (1976) The influence of handling on egg production, egg shell quality and avoidance behaviour of hens. British Poultry Science 17, 135-144.
205. Hutson, G.D. (1981) Sheep movement on slated floors. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 21, 474-479.
206. Hutson, G.D. (1982) 'Flight distance' in Merino Sheep. Animal Production 35, 231-235.
207. Hutson, G.D. (1984) Animal welfare and consumer demand theory: are preference tests a luxury we can't afford? Animal Behaviour 32, 1260-1261.
208. Hutson, G.D. (1985) The influence of barley food rewards on sheep movement through a handling system. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 14, 263-273.
209. Ivanov, Yu.K. and Patrushev, V.D. (1976) The impact of labor conditions on work satisfaction of agricultural workers. Sotisiologicheskie-Issledovaniya 3 (Jul-Sep), 60-70.
210. Jago, J.G., Krohn, C.C. and Matthews, L.R. (1999) The influence of feeding and handling on the development of the human-animal interactions in young cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 64, 137-151.
211. Janis, I.L. and Hovland, C.I. (1959) An overview of persuasibility research. In: Hovland, C.I. and Hanis, I.L. (eds) Personality and Persuasibility. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, pp. 1-28.
212. Jewell, L.N. and Siegall, M. (1990) Contemporary Industrial/Organizational Psychology, 2nd edn. West Publishing, St Paul, Minnesota.
213. Johns, G. (1987) The great escape: the whys and wherefores of absenteeism add up to a $30 billion question for American business. Psychology Today 21, 30-33.
214. Jones, R.B. (1983) Fear responses in domestic chicks as a function of the social environment. Behavioural Processes 8, 309-325.
215. Jones, R.B. (1987) Fear and fear responses: a hypothetical consideration. Medical Science Research 15, 1287-1290.
216. Jones, R.B. (1993) Reduction of the domestic chick's fear of humans by regular handling and related treatments. Animal Behaviour 46, 991-998.
217. Jones, R.B. (1994) Regular handling and the domestic chick's fear of human beings: generalisation of response. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 42, 129-143.
218. Jones, R.B. and Faure, J.M. (1981) The effects of regular handling on fear responses in the domestic chick. Behavioural Processes 6, 135-143.
219. Jones, R.B. and Hughes, B.O. (1981) Effects of regular handling on growth in male and female chicks of broiler and layer strains. British Poultry Science 22, 461-465.
220. Jones, R.B. and Waddington, D. (1992) Modification of fear in domestic chicks, Gallus gallus domesticus via regular handling and early environmental enrichment. Animal Behaviour 43, 1021-1033.
221. Jones, R.B. and Waddington, D. (1993) Attenuation of the domestics chick's fear of human beings via regular handling: in search of a sensitive period. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 36, 185-195.
222. Jones, R.B., Duncan, I.J.H. and Hughes, B.O. (1981) The assessment of fear in domestic hens exposed to a looming human stimulus. Behavioural Processes 6, 121-133.
223. Jones, R.B., Mills, A.D. and Faure, J.M. (1991) Genetic and experimental manipulation of fear-related behaviour in Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Journal of Comparative Psychology 105, 15-24.
224. Kaltas, G.A. and Chrousos, G.P. (2007) The neuroendorinology of stress. In: Cacioppo, J.T., Tassinary, L.G. and Berntson, G.G. (eds) Handbook of Psychophysiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 303-318.
225. Kanekar, S. (1976) Observational learning of attitudes: a behavioural analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology 6, 5-24.
226. Katz, D. (1960) The functional approach to the study of attitude. Public Opinion Quarterly 24, 163-204.
227. Kehrli, M.E., Burton, J.L., Nonnecke, B.J. and Lee, E.K. (1999) Effect of stress on leukocyte trafficking and immune responses: implications for vaccinations. Advances in Veterinary Medicine 41, 61-81.
228. Kendall, P.C. and Hollon, S.D. (1979) Cognitive-Behavioural Interventions. Academic Press, London.
229. Kennedy, J.M. and Baldwin, B.A. (1972) Taste preferences in pigs for nutritive and nonnutritive sweet solutions. Animal Behaviour 20, 706-718.
230. Kerpelman, J.P. and Himmelfarb, S. (1971) Partial reinforcement effects in attitude acquisition and counterconditioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 19, 301-305.
231. Kilgour, R. and de Langen, H. (1970) Stress in sheep resulting from management practices. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 30, 65-76.
232. Kline, P. and Lapham, S. (1991a) The validity of the PPQ: a study of its factor structure and its relationship to the EPQ. Personality and Individual Differences 6, 631-635.
233. Kline, P. and Lapham, S. (1991b) The validity of the V scale of the PPQ. Personality and Individual Differences 6, 637-641.
234. Kondos, A.C. (1983) Human resources. In: Proceedings of the 2nd National Pig Production and Marketing Review Conference, Hobart. Standing Committee on Agriculture, Department of Primary Industries and Energy, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
235. Krohn, C.C., Jago, J.G. and Boivin, X. (2001) The effects of early handling on the socialization of young calves to humans. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 74, 121-133.
236. Krohn, C.C., Boivin, X. and Jago, J.G. (2003) The presence of the dam during handling prevents the socialization of young calves to humans. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 80, 263-275.
237. La Piere, R.T. (1934) Attitudes vs. actions. Social Forces 13, 230-237.
238. Ladewig, J. and Matthews, L.R. (1996) The role of operant conditioning in animal welfare research. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A: Animal Science 27 (Suppl.), 64-68.
239. Lambton, S.L., Knowles, T.G., Yorke, C. and Nicol, C.J. (2010) The risk factors affecting the development of gentle and severe feather pecking in loose house laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 123, 32-42.
240. Lawrence, A.B. and Illius, A.W. (1997) Measuring preferences and the problems of identifying proximate needs, animal choices. Animal Science 20, 19-26.
241. LeDoux, J.E. (1996) The Emotional Brain. Simon & Schuster, New York.
242. Lensink, B.J., Boissy, A. and Veissier, I. (2000a) The relationship between attitude and behaviour towards calves, and productivity of veal units. Annales de Zootechnie 49, 313-327.
243. Lensink, B.J., Boivin, X., Pradel, P., Le Neindre, P. and Veissier, I. (2000b) Reducing veal calves' reactivity to people by providing additional human contact. Journal of Animal Science 78, 1213-1218.
244. Lensink, B.J., Fernandez, X., Boivin, X., Pradel, P., Le Neindre, P. and Veissier, I. (2000c) The impact of gentle contacts on ease of handling, welfare, and growth of calves and on quality of veal meat. Journal of Animal Science 78, 1219-1226.
245. Lensink, B.J., Fernandez, X., Cozzi, G., Florand, L. and Veissier, I. (2001a) The influence of farmers' behaviour on calves' reactions to transport and quality of veal meat. Journal of Animal Science 79, 642-652.
246. Lensink, B.J., Raussi, S., Boivin, X., Pyykkonen, M. and Veissier, I. (2001b) Reactions of calves to handling depend on housing condition and previous experience with humans. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 70, 187-199.
247. Lensink, B.J., Veissier, I. and Florland, L. (2001c) The farmers' influence on calves' behaviour, health and production of a veal unit. Animal Science 72, 105-116.
248. Lensink, B.J., Leruste, H., De Bretagne, T. and Bizeray-Filoche, D. (2009) Sow behaviour towards humans during standard management procedures and their relationship to piglet survival. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 119, 151-157.
249. Leslie, B.E., Meek, A.H., Kawash, G.F. and McKeown, D.B. (1994) An epidemiological investigation of pet ownership in Ontario. Canadian Veterinary Journal 35, 218-222.
250. Levy, N. (2004) What Makes Us Moral? Crossing the Boundaries of Biology. Oneworld Publications, Oxford, UK.
251. Lloyd, D.H. (1974) Effective staff management. In: Freedman, B.M. and Boorman, K.N. (eds) Economic Factors Affecting Egg Production. British Poultry Science Ltd, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 221-251.
252. Lorenz, K.Z. (1970) Companions as factors in the bird's environment. In: Lorenz, K.Z. (ed.) Studies on Animal and Human Behaviour. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
253. Low Stress Stockhandling (2005) Attitude is everything. Available at: www.lss.net.au/index.htm (accessed 25 April 2010).
254. Lynne, D.G. and Rola, L.R. (1988) Improving attitude-behavior prediction models with economic variables: farmer actions toward soil conservation. Journal of Social Psychology 128, 19-28.
255. Lyons, D.M. (1989) Individual differences in temperament of dairy goats and the inhibition of milk ejection. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 22, 269-282.
256. Lyons, D.M., Price, E.D. and Moberg, G.P. (1988) Individual differences in temperament of domestic dairy goats: constancy and change. Animal Behaviour 36, 1323-1333.
257. Maio, G.R., Esses, V.M. and Bell, D.W. (1994) The formation of attitudes toward new immigrant groups. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 24, 1762-1776.
258. Mandler, G. (1981) Emotion. In: Gregory, R.L. (ed.) The Oxford Companion to the Mind. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 1219-1220.
259. Marchant, J.N. and Broom, D.M. (1994) Effects of housing system on movement and leg strength in sows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 41, 275-276.
260. Martel, Y. (2002) Life of Pi. Canongate Books Ltd, Edinburgh, UK, p. 16.
261. Maslow, A.H. (1970) Motivation and Personality, 2nd edn. Harper and Row, New York.
262. Mateo, J.M., Estep, D.Q. and McCann, J.S. (1991) Effects of differential handling on the behaviour of domestic ewes (Ovis aries). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 32, 45-54.
263. Matteri, R.L., Carroll, J.A. and Dyer, C.J. (2000) Neuroendocrine response to stress. In: Mench, J.A. and Moberg, G. (eds) Biology of Animal Stress. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 43-76.
264. Matthews, L.R. (1993) Deer handling and transport. In: Grandin, T. (ed.) Livestock Handling and Transport. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 253-272.
265. Matthews, L.R. and Ladewig, J. (1994) Environmental requirements of pigs measured by behavioural demand functions. Animal Behaviour 47, 713-719.
266. McFarland, D. (1981) The Oxford Companion to Animal Behaviour. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
267. McGuire, W.J. (1964) Inducing resistance to persuasion: some contemporary approaches. In: Berkowitz, L. (ed.) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.
268. Mears, G.J., Brown, F.A. and Redmond, L.R. (1999) Effects of handling, shearing and previous exposure to shearing on cortisol and β-endorphin responses in ewes. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, 35-38.
269. Mellor, D.J. and Littin, K.E. (2004) Using science to support ethical decisions promoting humane livestock slaughter and vertebrate pest control. Animal Welfare 13, 127-132.
270. Mellor, D.J. and Stafford, K.J. (2000) Acute castration and/or tailing distress and its alleviation in lambs. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 48, 33-43.
271. Mellor, D.J., Cook, C.J. and Stafford, K.J. (2000) Quantifying some responses to pain as a stressor. In: Mench, M. and Moberg, G.O. (eds) Biology of Animal Stress. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 171-198.
272. Mench, J.A. (2008) Farm animal welfare in the USA: farming practices, research, education, regulation and assurance programs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 113, 298-312.
273. Mendl, M. (1999) Performing under pressure: stress and cognitive function. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 65, 221-244.
274. Miller, D. (1995) Evaluating stockmanship capabilities in employees. Professional Swine Management Certification Series, Swine Breeding Herd Management, Module 3 Stockmanship, Part H. Iowa Pork Industry Center, Ames, Iowa, pp. 1-4.
275. Mills, A.D. and Faure, J.M. (1990) Panic and hysteria in domestic fowl: a review. In: Zayan, R. and Dantzer, R. (eds) Social Stress in Domestic Animals. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 248-272.
276. Mills, A.D., Beilharz, R.G. and Hocking, P.M. (1997) Genetic selection. In: Appleby, M.C. and Hughes, B.O. (eds) Animal Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 205-217.
277. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) (1983) British Codes of Recommendations for the Welfare of Livestock. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
278. Moberg, G.P. (2000) Biological response to stress: implications for animal welfare. In: Mench, J.A. and Moberg, G. (eds) Biology of Animal Stress. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 1-21.
279. Moe, R.O., Nordgreen, J., Janczak, A.M., Spruijt, B.M., Zanella, A.J. and Bakken, M. (2009) Trace classical conditioning as an approach to the study of reward-related behaviour in laying hens: a methodological study. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 121, 171-178.
280. Mounier, L., Dubroeucq, L., Andanson, S. and Veissier, I. (2006) Variations in meat pH of beef bulls in relation to conditions of transfer to slaughter and previous history of the animals. Journal of Animal Science 84, 1567-1576.
281. Munksgaard, L., de Passille, A.M., Rushen, J., Thodberg, K. and Jensen, M.B. (1995) The ability of dairy cows to distinguish between people. Proceedings of the 29th International Congress of the International Society of Applied Ethology, pp. 19-20 (abstract).
282. Murphey, R.M., Moura Duarte, F.A. and Torres Penendo, M.C. (1981) Responses of cattle to humans in open spaces: breed comparisons and approach-avoidance relationships. Behaviour Genetics 2, 37-47.
283. Murphy, L.B. (1976) A study of the behavioural expression of fear and exploration in two stocks of domestic fowl. PhD thesis. Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK.
284. Murphy, L.B. (1978) The practical problems of recognizing and measuring fear and exploration behaviour in the domestic fowl. Animal Behaviour 26, 422-431.
285. Murphy, L.B. and Duncan, L.J.H. (1977) Attempts to modify the responses of domestic fowl towards human beings. 1. The association of human contact with a food reward. Applied Animal Ethology 3, 321-334.
286. Murphy, L.B. and Duncan, L.J.H. (1978) Attempts to modify the responses of domestic fowl towards human beings. II. The effect of early experience. Applied Animal Ethology 4, 5-12.
287. Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell, V.W. (2003) Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. McGraw-Hill, New York.
288. Myers, I. Briggs and Myers, P.B. (1995) Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type. Davies-Black Publishing, Palo Alto, California.
289. NTIS (National Training Information Service) (2010) Comprehensive information for the training sector specialist. Available at: www.ntis.gov.au (accessed 28 April 2010).
290. OIE (World Animal Health Organization) (2008) Terrestrial Animal Health Code, 17th edn. Oxford University Press, New York.
291. Olson, J.C. and Mitchell, A.A. (1975) The process of attitude acquisition: the value of a developmental approach to consumer attitude research. Advances in Consumer Research 2, 249-264.
292. Olson, J.M. and Stone, J. (2005) The influence of behavior on attitudes. In: Albarracin, D., Johnson, B.T. and Zanna, M.P. (eds) The Handbook of Attitudes. Psychology Press, New York, pp. 223-271.
293. Pajor, E.A., Rushen, J. and de Passille, A.M.B. (2000) Aversion learning techniques to evaluate dairy cattle handling practices. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 69, 89-102.
294. Panksepp, J. (1998) Affective Neuroscience. The Foundation of Human and Animal Emotions. Oxford University Press, New York.
295. Panksepp, J. (2005) Affective consciousness: core emotional feelings in animals and humans. Consciousness and Cognition 14, 30-80.
296. Parker, K.J., Schatzberg, A.F. and Lyons, D.M. (2003) Neuroendocrine aspects of hypercortisolism in major depression. Hormones and Behaviour 43, 60-66.
297. Paterson, A.M. and Pearce, G.P. (1989) Boarinduced puberty in gilts handled pleasantly or unpleasantly during rearing. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 22, 225-233.
298. Paterson, A.M. and Pearce, G.P. (1992) Growth, response to humans and corticosteroids in male pigs housed individually and subjected to pleasant, unpleasant or minimal handling during rearing. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 34, 315-328.
299. Pavlov, I.P. (1960) Conditioned Reflexes: an Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex. Dover Publications Inc., New York.
300. Pearce, G.P., Paterson, A.M. and Pearce, A.N. (1989) The influence of pleasant and unpleasant handling and the provision of toys on the growth and behaviour of male pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 23, 27-37.
301. Pedersen, L.J., Jensen, M.B., Hansen, S.W., Munksgaard, L., Ladewig, J. and Matthews, L. (2002a) Social isolation affects the motivation to work for food and straw in pigs as measured by operant conditioning techniques. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 77, 295-309.
302. Pedersen, L.J., Moeller, N.H. and Jeppesen, L.L. (2002) Behavioural and physiological effects of post-weaning handling and access to shelters in farmed blue foxes (Alopex lagopus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 77, 139-154.
303. Pedersen, L.J., Damm, B.I. and Kongsted, A.G. (2003) The influence of adverse or gentle handling procedures on sexual behaviour in fearful and confident sows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 83, 277-290.
304. Pedersen, V. (1993) Effects of difference postweaning handling procedures on the later behaviour of silver foxes. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 37, 239-250.
305. Pedersen, V. and Jeppesen, L.L. (1990) Effects of early handling on better behaviour and stress responses in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 26, 383-393.
306. Pedersen, V., Barnett, J.L., Hemsworth, P.H., Newman, E.A. and Schirmer, B. (1998) The effects of handling on behavioural and physiological responses to housing in tether-stalls in pregnant pigs. Animal Welfare 7, 137-150.
307. Personnel Decisions Inc (1996) PDI Employment Inventory. Minneapolis, Minnesota.
308. Petherick, J.C., Holroyd, R.G., Doogan, V.J. and Venus, B.K. (2002) Productivity, carcass and meat quality of lot-fed Bos indicus cross steers grouped according to temperament. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, 389-398.
309. Petherick, J.C., Doogan, V.J., Venus, B.K., Holroyd, R.G. and Olsson, P. (2009a) Quality of handling and holding yard environment, and beef cattle temperament: 1. Relationships with flight speed and fear of humans. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 120, 18-27.
310. Petherick, J.C., Doogan, V.J., Venus, B.K., Holroyd, R.G. and Olsson, P. (2009b) Quality of handling and holding yard environment, and beef cattle temperament: 2. Consequences for stress and productivity. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 120, 28-38.
311. Phillips, J.C. and Benson, J.E. (1983) Some aspects of job satisfaction in the Soviet Union. Personnel Psychology 36, 633-645.
312. Phillips, P.A., Thompson, B.K. and Fraser, D. (1988) Preference tests of ramp designs for young pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, 41-48.
313. Phillips, P.A., Fraser, D. and Thompson, B.K. (1991) Preference by sows for a partially enclosed farrowing crate. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 32, 35-43.
314. Phillips, P.A., Fraser, D. and Thompson, B.K. (1996) Sow preference for types of flooring in farrowing crates. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76, 485-489.
315. Pianka, E.R. (1974) Evolutionary Ecology. Harper and Row, New York.
316. Pollard, J.C., Littlejohn, R.P. and Suttie, J.M. (1994) Responses of red deer to restraint in a Y maze preference test. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 39, 63-71.
317. Price, E.O. (1984) Behavioral aspects of animal domestication. Quarterly Review of Biology 59, 1-32.
318. Price, E.O. (2002) Animal Domestication and Behaviour. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
319. Provenza, F.D. (1995) Postingestive feedback as an elementary determinant of food preference and intake in ruminants. Journal of Range Management 48, 2-17.
320. Purcell, D., Arave, C.W. and Walters, J.L. (1988) Relationship of three measures of behaviour to milk production. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 21, 307-313.
321. Ravel, A., D'Allaire, S.D., Bigras-Poulin, M. and Ward, R. (1996) Personality traits of stockpeople working in farrowing units on two types of farms in Quebec. In: Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society, C, Bologna, Italy. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Unversity of Bologna, Bologna, p. 514.
322. Reber, A.S. (1988) Dictionary of Psychology. Penguin Books, London.
323. Reichmann, K.G., Barram, K.M., Brock, I.J. and Standfast, N.F. (1978) Effects of regular handling and blood sampling by wing vein puncture on the performance of broilers and pullets. British Poultry Science 19, 97-99.
324. Reisberg, D. and Heuer, F. (1995) Emotion's multiple effects on memory. In: McGaugh, J.L., Weiberger, N. and Lynch, G. (eds) Brain and Memory: Modulation and Mediation of Plasticity. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 84-92.
325. Rokeach, M. (1960) The Open and Closed Mind: Investigations into the Nature of Belief Systems and Personality Systems. Basic Books, New York.
326. Ruis, M., Coleman, G.J., Waiblinger, S., Winschnurer, I. and Boivin, X. (2010) A multimedia-based cognitive-behavioural intervention program improves attitudes and handling behaviours of stockpeople in livestock farming. In: Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science and Agricultural Research Forum. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, p. 175.
327. Rusbult, C.E., Farrell, D., Rogers, G. and Mainous, A.G. III (1988) Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: an in tegrative model of respo nses to declining jo b sati sfaction. Academy of Management Jou rnal 31, 599-627.
328. Rushen, J. (1986) Avers ion of sheep to handling treatments: paired-choice studies. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 16, 363-370.
329. Rushen, J. and Congdon, P. (1986) Relative aversion of sheep to simulated shearing with and without electroimmobilization. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, 535-537.
330. Rushen, J., Munksgaard, L., de Passille, A.M.B., Jensen, M.B. and Thodberg, K. (1995) Location of handling and dairy cows' ability to discriminate between gentle and aversive handlers. In: Proceedings of the 29th International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology, Exeter, UK. University Federation of Animal Welfare, Potter's Bar, UK.
331. Rushen, J., de Passille, A.M.B. and Munksgaard, L. (1999) Fear of people by cows and effects on milk yield, behaviour and heart rate at milking. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 720-727.
332. Rushen, R., de Passille, A.M., Munksgaard, L. and Tanida, H. (2001) People as social actors in the world of farm animals. In: Keeling, L.J. and Gonyou, H.W. (eds) Social Behaviour in Farm Animals. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 353-372.
333. Rutter, S.M., Orr, R.J., Yarrow, N.H. and Champion, R.A. (2004) Dietary preference of dairy heifers grazing ryegrass and white clover, with and without and anti-bloat treatment. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 85, 1-10.
334. Saadoun, A., Simon, J.R. and Leclercq, B. (1987) Effect of exogenous corticosterone in genetically fat and lean chickens. British Poultry Science 28, 519-528.
335. Sandøe, P., Forkman, F. and Christiansen, S.B. (2004) Scientific uncertainty-how should it be handled in relation to scientific advice regarding animal welfare issues? Animal Welfare 13, S121-S126.
336. Sapolsky, R.M. (1992) Neuroendocrinology of the stress-response. In: Becker, J.B., Breedlove, S.M. and Crews, D. (eds) Behavioral Endocrinology. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 287-324.
337. Schaefer, T. (1968) Some methodological implications of the research on "early handling" in the rat. In: Newton, G. and Levine, S. (eds) Early Experience and Behaviour: the Psychobiology of Development. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois.
338. Schmied, C., Waiblinger, S., Scharl, T., Leisch, F. and Boivin, X. (2008) Stroking of different body regions by a human: effects on behaviour and heart rate of dairy cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 109, 25-38.
339. Scott, J.P. (1992) The phenomenon of attachment in human-non human relationships. In: Davis, H. and Balfour, A.D. (eds) The Inevitable Bond-Examining Scientist-Animal Interactions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 72-92.
340. Seabrook, M.F. (1972a) A study to determine the influence of the herdsman's personality on milk yield. Journal of Agriculture Labour Science 1, 45-59.
341. Seabrook, M.F. (1972b) A study of the influence of the cowman's personality and job satisfaction on milk yield of dairy cows. In: Joint Conference of the British Society for Agriculture Labour Science and the Ergonomics Research Society, September 1972. National College of Agricultural Engineering, Silsoe, UK.
342. Seabrook, M.F. (1982) Motivation and performance. Ergonomics 25, 65-72.
343. Seabrook, M. (1994) The effect of production systems on the behaviour and attitudes of stockpersons. In: 4th Zodiac Symposium. Publication No. 67, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 252-258.
344. Seabrook, M. (1996) The Role of the Human Factor in Increasing Performance and Profitability in Pig Production. Filozzo Rhone Poulenc Conference, Moderna, Italy, pp. 2-13.
345. Seabrook, M.F. and Bartle, N.C. (1992) The practical implications of animals' responses to man. In: Winter Meeting, British Society of Animal Production, 23-25 March 1992, Scarborough, UK, Paper Number 34.
346. Segundo, R.C. (1989) A study of stockpeople and managers in the pig industry with special emphasis on the factors affecting their job satisfaction. MSc thesis. University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
347. Selye, H. (1946) The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 6, 117-230.
348. Selye, H. (1976) Stress in Health and Disease. Butterworth, Boston, Massachusetts.
349. Serpell, J.P. (2004) Factors affecting human attitudes to animals and their welfare. Animal Welfare 13, S145-S151.
350. Sherwin, C.M. (2003) Social context affects the motivation of laboratory mice, Mus musculus, to gain access to resources. Animal Behaviour 66, 649-655.
351. Siegel, H.S. and van Kampen, M. (1984) Energy relationships in growing chickens given daily injections of corticosterone. British Poultry Science 25, 477-485.
352. Singer, P. (1975) Animal Liberation. Avon Books, New York.
353. Singh, S. (1983) Effect of motivation, values, cognitive factors and child rearing among Punjab farmers. Journal of Social Psychology 120, 273-278.
354. Skinner, B.F. (1969) Contingencies of Reinforcement: a Theoretical Analysis. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
355. Stagner, R. (1961) Psychology of Personality. McGraw-Hill, New York.
356. Stevens, B., Barnett, J.L., Tilbrook, A. and Hemsworth, P.H. (2009) Effects of deprivation of a preferred resource (feed or social contact) on the biological functioning of pigs. In: van Barneveld, R.J. (ed.) Manipulating Pig Production XII. Australasian Pig Science Association, Werribee, Victoria, Australia, p. 28.
357. Suarez, S.D. and Gallup, G.G. (1982) Openfield behaviour in chickens: the experimenter is a predator. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 96, 432-439.
358. Sutton, J.R. and Casey, J.H. (1975) The adrenocortical response to competitive athletics in veteran althletes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 40, 135-138.
359. Syme, L.A., Durham, I.H. and Elphick, G.R. (1981) Microprocessor control of sheep movement. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Wool Harvesting Research and Development. Australian Wool Corporation, Sydney, New South Wales, pp. 237-245.
360. Szechtman, H., Lambrou, P.J., Caggiula, A.R. and Redgate, E.S. (1974) Plasma corticosterone levels during sexual behaviour in male rat. Hormones and Behaviour 5, 191-200.
361. Tallet, C., Veissier, I. and Boivin, X. (2005) Human contact and feeding as rewards for the lambs' affinity to their stockperson. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 94, 59-73.
362. Tanida, H., Miura, A., Tanaka, T. and Yoshimoto, T. (1995) Behavioural response to humans in individually handled weanling pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 42, 249-259.
363. Teutsch, G.M. (1987) Intensive farm animal management seen from an ethical standpoint. In: von Loeper, E., Martin, G., Muller, J., Nabholz, A. and van Putten, G. (eds) Ethical, Ethological and Legal Aspects of Intensive Farm Animal Management. Tierhaltung, 18, 9-40.
364. Thompson, C.I. (1976) Growth in the Hubbard broiler: increase size following early handling. Developmental Psychobiology 9, 459-464.
365. Thorpe, W.H. (1965) The assessment of pain and distress in animals. In: Brambell, F.W.R. (ed.) Report of the Technical Committee to Enquire into the Welfare of Animals kept under Intensive Livestock Systems. Command paper 2836. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, pp. 71-79.
366. Tilbrook, A.J., Turner, A.I. and Clarke, I.J. (2000) Effects of stress on reproduction in non-rodent mammals: considerations of the role of glucocorticoids and sex differences. Reviews of Reproduction 5, 105-113.
367. Toates, F.M. (1980) Animal Behaviour-A Systems Approach. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, West Sussex, UK.
368. Toates, F. (2004) Cognition, motivation, emotion and action: a dynamic and vulnerable interdependence. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 86, 173-204.
369. Tosi, M.V. and Hemsworth, P.H. (2002) Stockperson-husbandry interactions and animal welfare in the extensive livestock industries. In: Proceedings of the 36th Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. Utrecht, The Netherlands, p. 129 (abstract).
370. Turk, D.C. and Salovey, P. (1985a) Cognitive structures, cognitive processes, and cognitivebehavior modification: I. Client issues. Cognitive Therapy and Research 9, 1-17.
371. Turk, D.C. and Salovey, P. (1985b) Cognitive structures, cognitive processes, and cognitive-behavior modification: II. Judgements and inferences of the clinician. Cognitive Therapy and Research 9, 19-33.
372. UK Farm Animal Welfare Council (1993) Second Report on Priorities for Research and Development in Farm Animal Welfare. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), London.
373. Vandenheede, M. and Bouissou, M.F. (1993) Sex differences in fear reactions in sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 37, 39-55.
374. Vielle-Thomas, R.K. and Signoret, J.P. (1992) Pheromonal transmission of aversive experiences in domestic pigs. Journal of Chemical Endocrinology 18, 1551 (abstract).
375. Voith, V.L. (1985) Attachment of people to companion animals. Veterinary Clinics of North America 15, 289-295.
376. Waiblinger, S., Menke, C. and Coleman, G. (2002) The relationship between attitudes, personal characteristics and behavior of stockpeople and subsequent behavior and production of dairy cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 79, 195-219.
377. Waiblinger, S., Menke, C. and Folsch, D.W. (2003) Influences on the approach and avoidance behaviour of dairy cows at 35 farms. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 84, 23-39.
378. Waiblinger, S., Menke, C., Korff, J. and Bucher, A. (2004) Previous handling and gentle interactions affect behaviour and heart rate of dairy cows during a veterinary procedure. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 85, 31-42.
379. Waiblinger, S., Boivin, X., Pedersen, V., Tosi, M.-V., Janczak, A.M., Visser, E.K. and Jones, R.B. (2006) Assessing the human-animal relationship in farmed species: a critical review. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 101, 185-242.
380. Walker, S. (1987) Animal Learning: an Introduction. Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd, London.
381. Walsh, F. (2009) Human-animal bonds II: the roles of pets in family systems and family therapy. Family Process 48, 481-489.
382. Warburton, H. and Mason, G. (2003) Is out of sight out of mind? The effects of resource cues on motivation in mink, Mustela vison. Animal Behaviour 65, 755-762.
383. Waynert, D.F., Stookey, J.M., Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K.S. and Webster, A.J.F. (1999) The response of beef cattle to noise during handling. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 62, 27-42.
384. Wells, D.L. (2007) Domestic dogs and human health: an overview. British Journal of Health Psychology 12, 145-156.
385. Westphal, U. (1971) Steroid-Protein Interactions. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
386. Widowski, T.M. and Hemsworth, P.H. (2008) Housing hens to suit their 'needs'. In: Proceedings of the XXIII World Poultry Congress. World's Poultry Science Journal and the World's Poultry Science Association, The Netherlands, p. 241.
387. Windschnurer, I., Boivin, X. and Waiblinger, S. (2009a) Reliability of an avoidance distance test for the assessment of animals' responsiveness to humans and a preliminary investigation of its association with farmers' attitudes on bull fattening farms. Animal Behaviour Science 117, 117-127.
388. Windschnurer, I., Boivin, X., Coleman, G., Ruis, M., Mounaix, B., Brule, A. and Waiblinger, S. (2009b) A multimedia-based cognitivebehavioural intervention program improves attitudes and handling behaviours of stockpeople on dairy farms. In: Proceedings from the International Society for Applied Ethology, Regional Meeting East and West Central Europe. International Society for Applied Ethology (ISAE), Vienna.
389. Wu, Y.B. and Ravindran, V. (2004) Influence of whole wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance, digestive tract measurements and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 116, 129-139.
390. Zulkifli, I. and Siti Nor Azah, A. (2004) Fear and stress reactions, and the performance of commercial broiler chickens subjected to regular pleasant and unpleasant contacts with human beings. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 88, 77-87.
391. Zulkifli, I., Gilbert, P.K., Liew, J. and Ginos, J. (2002) The effects of regular visual contact with human beings on fear, stress, antibody and growth responses in broiler chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 79, 103-112.