Oxytocin Release and Milk Removal in Ruminants

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 81, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 939-949

  Bruckmaier, R M ^a   Blum, J W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Disturbed milk ejection; Milk ejection; Oxytocin

Indexed keywords

OXYTOCIN;

ANIMAL; BOVIDS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; DAIRYING; FEMALE; LACTATION; METHODOLOGY; MILK EJECTION; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SECRETION; STIMULATION; UDDER;

ANIMALS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; DAIRYING; FEMALE; LACTATION; MAMMARY GLANDS, ANIMAL; MILK EJECTION; OXYTOCIN; PHYSICAL STIMULATION; RUMINANTS;

EID: 0032037655     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75654-1     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Akers, R. M., and A. M. Lefcourt. 1982. Milking- and suckling-induced secretion of oxytocin and prolactin in parturient dairy cows. Horm. Behav. 16:87-93,
2. Altzuler, X., and J. Hampshire. 1981. Oxytocin infusion increases plasma insulin and glucagon levels and glucose production and uptake in the normal dog. Diabetes 30:112-114.
3. Aneshansley, D. J., R. C. Gorewit, and L. R. Price. 1992. Cow sensitivity to electricity during milking. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2733-2741.
4. Aurich, J. E., I. Dobrinski, H.-O. Hoppen, and E. Grunert. 1993. No evidence for an opioidergic control of oxytocin release in cows during late pregnancy, parturition and early puerperium. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 32:197-204.
5. Ballou, L. U., J. L. Bleck, G. T. Bleck, and R. D. Bremel. 1993. The effects of daily oxytocin injections before and after milking on milk production, milk plasmin, and milk composition. J. Dairy Sci. 76:1544-1549.
6. Bar-Peled, U., E. Maltz, I. Bruckental, Y. Folman, Y. Kali, H. Gacitua, A. R. Lehrer, C. H. Knight, B. Robinzon, H. Voet, and H. Tagar. 1995. Relationship between frequent milking or suckling in early lactation and milk production of high producing dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78:2726-2736.
7. Bernabé, J., and G. Peeters. 1980. Studies on the motility of smooth muscles of the teats in lactating cows. J. Dairy Res. 47:259-275.
8. Bicknell, R. J., B.-G. Zhao, C. Chapman, R. P. Heavens, and D.J.S. Sirinathsinghji. 1988. Opioid inhibition of secretion from oxytocin and vasopressin nerve terminals following selective depletion of neurohypophysial catecholamines. Neurosci. Lett. 93:281-286.
9. Blum, J. W., and R. M. Bruckmaier. 1996. Oxytocin in calves. Page 74 in Proc. Symp. on Milk Synthesis, Secretion and Removal in Ruminants, Berne, Switzerland. J. W. Blum and R. M. Bruckmaier, ed. Univ. Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
10. Blum, J. W., D. Schams, and R. M. Bruckmaier. 1989. Catecholamines, oxytocin and milk removal in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 56:167-177.
11. Bremel, R. D., and M. I. Gangwer. 1978. Effect of adrenocorticotropin injection and stress on milk cortisol content. J. Dairy Sci. 61:1103-1108.
12. Bruckmaier, R. M. 1988. Untersuchungen über Ocytocinfreisetzung, Intramammärdruck und Milchabgabe beim Rind unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Laktationsstadiums sowie von Einflüssen des adrenergen Systems. Agricultural Thesis, Technical Univ. Munich, Germany.
13. Bruckmaier, R. M., and J. W. Blum. 1992. B-Mode ultrasonography of mammary glands of cows, goats and sheep during α-and β-adrenergic agonist and oxytocin administration. J. Dairy Res. 59:151-159.
14. Bruckmaier, R. M., and J. W. Blum. 1994. Central and peripheral inhibition of milk ejection. Pages 96-101 in Proc. Int. Symp. Prospects for Future Dairying: A Challenge for Science and Industry, Tumba and Uppsala, Sweden. O. Lind and K. Svennersten, ed. Alfa Laval Agri AB, Tumba, Sweden.
15. Bruckmaier, R. M., and J. W. Blum. 1996. Simultaneous recording of oxytocin release, milk ejection and milk flow during milking of dairy cows with and without prestimulation. J. Dairy Res. 63:201-208.
16. Bruckmaier, R. M., H. Mayer, and D. Schams. 1991. Effects of α- and β-adrenergic agonists on intramammary pressure and milk flow in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 58:411-419.
17. Bruckmaier, R. M., G. Paul, H. Mayer, and D. Schams. 1997. Machine milking of Ostfriesian and Lacaune dairy sheep: udder anatomy, milk ejection and milking characteristics. J. Dairy Res. 64:163-172.
18. Bruckmaier, R. M., H.-U. Pfeilsticker, and J. W. Blum. 1996. Milk yield, oxytocin and β-endorphin gradually normalize during repeated milking in unfamiliar surroundings. J. Dairy Res. 63:191-200.
19. Bruckmaier, R. M., C. Ritter, D. Schams, and J. W. Blum. 1994. Machine milking of dairy goats during lactation: udder anatomy, milking characteristics, and blood concentrations of oxytocin and prolactin. J. Dairy Res. 61:457-466.
20. Bruckmaier, R. M., E. Rothenanger, and J. W. Blum. 1994. Measurement of mammary gland cistern size and determination of the cisternal milk fraction in dairy cows. Milchwissenschaft 49:543-546.
21. Bruckmaier, R. M., E. Rothenanger, and J. W. Blum. 1995. Milking characteristics in dairy cows of different breeds from different farms and during the course of lactation. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 112:293-302.
22. Bruckmaier, R. M., M. Schällibaum, and J. W. Blum. 1993. Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced mastitis in dairy cows: changes and importance of insulin-like growth factor I and oxytocin. Milchwissenschaft 48:374-378.
23. Bruckmaier, R. M., D. Schams, and J. W. Blum. 1992. Aetiology of disturbed milk ejection in parturient primiparous cows. J. Dairy Res. 59:479-489.
24. Bruckmaier, R. M., D. Schams, and J. W. Blum. 1993. Milk removal in familiar and unfamiliar surroundings: concentration of oxytocin, prolactin, cortisol, and β-endorphin. J. Dairy Res. 60:449-456.
25. Bruckmaier, R. M., D. Schams, and J. W. Blum. 1994. Continuously elevated concentrations of oxytocin during milking are necessary for complete milk removal in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 61:323-334.
26. Bruckmaier, R. M., O. Wellnitz, and J. W. Blum. 1997. Inhibition of milk ejection in cows by oxytocin receptor blockade, α-adrenergic receptor stimulation and in unfamiliar surroundings. J. Dairy Res. 64:315-325.
27. Carter, C. S. 1992. Oxytocin and sexual behavior. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 16:131-144.
28. Chiodera, P., V. Coiro, L. Camellini, G. Rossi, D. Pignatti, R. Volpi, and E. Roti. 1984. Effect of pharmacological doses of oxytocin on insulin response to glucose in normal man. Horm. Res. (Basel) 20:150-154.
29. Crowley, W. R., and W. E. Armstrong. 1992. Neurochemical regulation of oxytocin secretion in lactation. Endocr. Rev. 13:33-65.
30. Eipper, B. A., and R. E. Mains. 1980. Structure and biosynthesis of pro-adrenocorticotropin/endorphin and related peptides. Endocr. Rev. 1:1-27.
31. Eriksson, M., A. Linden, and K. Uvnäs-Moberg. 1987. Suckling increases insulin and glucagon levels in peripheral venous blood of lactating dogs. Acta Physiol. Scand. 131:391-396.
32. Findlay, A.L.R. 1966. Sensory discharges in lactating mammary glands. Nature (Lond.) 211:1183-1184.
33. Gibbs, J., R. C. Young, and G. P. Smith. 1973. Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in rats. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 84:488-495.
34. Göft, H., J. Duda, A. Dethlefsen, and H. Worstorff. 1994. Untersuchungen zur züchterischen Verwendung der Melkbarkeit beim Rind unter Berücksichtigung von Milchflusskurven. Züchtungskunde 66:23-37.
35. Gorewit, R. C., D. J. Aneshansley, D. C. Ludington, R. A. Pellerin, and X. Zhao. 1989. AC voltages on water bowls: effects on lactating Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2184-2192.
36. Gorewit, R. C., and M. C. Aromando. 1985. Mechanisms involved in the adrenalin induced blockade of milk ejection in dairy cattle. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 180:340-347.
37. Gorewit, R. C., and K. B. Gassman. 1985. Effects of duration of udder stimulation on milking dynamics and oxytocin release. J Dairy Sci. 68:1813-1818.
38. Gorewit, R. C., K. Svennersten, W. R. Butler, and K. Uvnäs-Moberg. 1992. Endocrine responses in cows milked by hand and machine. J. Dairy Sci. 75:443-448.
39. Gorewit, R. C., E. A. Wachs, R. Sagi, and W. G. Merrill. 1983. Current concepts on the role of oxytocin in milk ejection. J. Dairy Sci. 66:2236-2250.
40. Grindal, J., and J. E. Hillerton. 1991. Influence of milk flow rate on new intramammary infection in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 58:263-268.
41. Grovum, W. L. 1981. Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 45:183-201.
42. Guillemain, R., T. Vargo, J. Rossier, S. Minick, N. Ling, C. Rivier, W. Vale, and F. Bloom. 1977. β-Endorphin and adrenocorticotropin are secreted concomitantly by the pituitary gland. Science (Washington, DC) 197:1367-1369.
43. Haldar, J., and V. Bade. 1981. Involvement of opioid peptides in the inhibition of oxytocin release by heat stress in lactating mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 168:10-14.
44. Haldar, J., D. L. Hoffman, and E. A. Zimmerman. 1982. Morphine, beta-endorphin and [D-Ala2] Met-enkephalin inhibit oxytocin release by acetylcholine and suckling. Peptides 3:663-668.
45. Hamann, J., and A. Tolle. 1980. Comparison between manual and mechanical stimulation. Milchwissenschaft 35:271-273.
46. Hammon, H. M., R. M. Bruckmaier, U. E. Honegger, and J. W. Blum. 1994. Distribution and density of α- and β-adrenergic binding sites in the bovine mammary gland. J. Dairy Res. 61:47-57.
47. Heap, R. B., I. R. Fleet, R. Proudfoot, and D. E. Walters. 1986. Residual milk in Friesland sheep and the galactopoietic effect associated with oxytocin treatment. J. Dairy Res. 53:187-195.
48. Henke, D. V., R. C. Gorewit, N. R. Scott, and R. Sagi. 1985. Milk production, health, behavior, and endocrine responses of cows exposed to electrical current during milking. J. Dairy Sci. 68:2694-2702.
49. Higuchi, T., Y. Tadokoro, K. Honda, and H. Negoro. 1986. Detailed analysis of blood oxytocin levels during suckling and parturition in the rat. J. Endocrinol. 110:251-262.
50. Isaksson, A., and L. Arnarp. 1988. Quantitative estimation of residual milk in bovine udders - a methodological study. Acta Vet. Scand. 29:259-262.
51. Johnson, M. R., M. A. Andrews, J. R. Seekandl, and S. L. Lightman. 1990. Effect of naloxone on neurohypophyseal peptide responses to breast feeding and breast stimulation in man. Clin. Endocrinol. 33:81-86.
52. Keverne, E. B., and K. M. Kendrick. 1994. Maternal behaviour in sheep and its neuroendocrine regulation. Acta Paediatr. Suppl. 397:47-56.
53. Knight, C. H. 1994. Short-term oxytocin treatment increases bovine milk yield by enhancing milk removal without any direct action on mammary metabolism. J. Endocrinol. 142:471-473.
54. Knight, C. H., D. Hirst, and R. J. Dewhurst. 1994. Milk accumulation and distribution in the bovine udder during the interval between milkings. J. Dairy Res. 61:167-177.
55. Koshi, J. H., and W. E. Petersen. 1955. Complementary milk and its relationship to lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 38:788-796.
56. Labussière, J. 1988. Review of physiological and anatomical factors influencing the milking ability of ewes and the organization of milking. Livest. Prod. Sci. 18:253-274.
57. Labussière, J., F. Combaud, F. A. de la Chevalerie, D. André, J. L. Touze, and J. Cochaud. 1992. Diagnostic précoce de gravidité chez la vache grace a l'observation de l'ejection du lait induite par l'ocytocine luteale. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 32:191-202.
58. Langhans, W. 1989. Die Regulation der Futteraufnahme beim Wiederkäuer. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. 131:117-126.
59. Lefcourt, A. M. 1982. Rhythmic contractions of the teat sphincter in bovines: an expulsion mechanism. Am. J. Physiol. 242:R181-R184.
60. Lefcourt, A. M. 1982. Behavioral responses of dairy cows subjected to controlled voltages. J. Dairy Sci. 65:672-674.
61. Lefcourt, A. M. 1982. Effect of teat stimulation on sympathetic tone in bovine mammary gland. J. Dairy Sci. 65:2317-2322.
62. Lefcourt, A. M., and R. M. Akers. 1982. Endocrine responses of cows subjected to controlled voltages during milking. J. Dairy Sci. 65:2125-2130.
63. Lefcourt, A. M., and R. M. Akers. 1983. Is oxytocin really necessary for efficient milk removal in dairy cows? J. Dairy Sci. 66:2251-2259.
64. Lefcourt, A. M., and R. M. Akers. 1984. Small increases in peripheral noradrenaline inhibit the milk-ejection response by means of a peripheral mechanism. J. Endocrinol. 100:337-344.
65. Lefcourt, A. M., R. M. Akers, R. H. Miller, and B. Weinland. 1985. Effects of intermittent electrical shock on responses related to milk ejection. J. Dairy Sci. 68:391-401.
66. Lefcourt, A. M., S. Kahl, and R. M. Akers. 1986. Correlation of indices of stress with intensity of electrical shock for cows. J. Dairy Sci. 69:833-842.
67. Lincoln, D. W., and A. C. Paisley. 1982. Neuroendocrine control of milk ejection. J. Reprod. Fertil. 65:571-586.
68. Linzell, J. L. 1955. Some observations on the contractile tissue of the mammary gland. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 130:257-267.
69. Mayer, H., R. M. Bruckmaier, and D. Schams. 1991. Lactational changes in oxytocin release, intramammary pressure and milking characteristics in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 58:159-169.
70. Mayer, H., and A. M. Lefcourt. 1987. Failure of cortisol injected prior to milking to inhibit milk ejection in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Res. 54:173-177.
71. Mayer, H., D. Schams, H. Worstorff, and A. Prokopp. 1984. Secretion of oxytocin and milk removal as affected by milking cows with and without manual stimulation. J. Endocrinol. 103:255-261.
72. Mayer, H., H. Worstorff, D. Schams, and M. Klein. 1985. Secretion of oxytocin and milking characteristics in cows as affected by several modes of tactile teat stimulation. Milchwissenschaft 40:1-5.
73. Mc Cann, M. J., J. G. Verbalis, and E. M. Stricker. 1989. LiCl and CCK inhibit gastic emptying and feeding and stimulated OT secretion in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 256:R463-R468.
74. Nanda, A. S., H. Dobson, and W. R. Ward. 1992. Opioid modulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in dairy cows. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 9:181-186.
75. Nicholson, H. D., and B. T. Pickering. 1993. Oxytocin, a male intragonadal hormone. Regul. Pept. 45:253-256.
76. Nostrand, S. D., D. M. Galton, H. N. Erb, and D. E. Bauman. 1991. Effects of daily exogenous oxytocin on lactation milk yield and composition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2119-2127.
77. Peaker, M., and D. R. Blatchford. 1988. Distribution of milk in the goat mammary gland and its relation to the rate and control of milk secretion. J. Dairy Res. 55:411-448.
78. Peeters, G., R. De Bruycker, W. Quintelier, and M. Paape. 1973. Contractions of the teal muscles of lactating cows. Acta Endocrinol. 177(Suppl.):50.
79. Pettibone, D. J., and G. P. Mueller. 1984. Differential effects of adrenergic agents on plasma levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin and alpha-melanotropin in rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 176:168-174.
80. Pfeilsticker, H.-U., R. M. Bruckmaier, and J. W. Slum. 1995. Interruption of milking in dairy cows: effects on intramammary pressure and milking characteristics. J. Dairy Res. 62:559-566.
81. Pfeilsticker, H.-U., R. M. Bruckmaier, and J. W. Blum. 1996. Cisternal milk in the dairy cow during lactation and after preceding teat stimulation. J. Dairy Res. 63:509-515.
82. Phillips, D.S.M. 1984. Studies on pre-milking preparation. 4. Estimation of the pre-milking stimulus requirement of cows. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 27:495-499,
83. Phillips, D.S.M. 1986. Studies on pre-milking preparation. 9. A comparison of 3 methods of pre-milking preparation. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 29:673-676.
84. Phillips, D.S.M. 1987. Studies on pre-milking preparation. 10. Long-term change in yield response to pre-milking preparation. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 30:317-323.
85. Poulain, D. A., and R. G. Dyer. 1984. Reproducible increases in intramammary pressure after spinal cord stimulation in lactating rats. Exp. Brain Res. 55:313-316.
86. 2-adrenoceptors on blood cells of bulls and milkability of their daughters. J. Dairy Res. 62:567-575.
87. 1-adrenoceptors in bovine teat muscles. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 275:189-198.
88. 3H-Rauwolscine in bovine teat muscles. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 279:212-222
89. 2-adrenoceptors in teat tissue and blood cells and milkability of primiparous cows. J. Dairy Sci. 72:3304-3313..
90. Roets, E., G. Vanquelin, G. Peeters, and R. Braeckman. 1985 Homogeneity of β-adrenoceptors on bovine teat muscles. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 276:44-49.
91. Schallenberger, E., D. Schams, B. Bullermann, and D. L. Walters. 1984. Pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins, ovarian steroids and ovarian oxytocin during prostaglandin-induced regression of the corpus luteum in the cow. J. Reprod Fertil. 71:493-501.
92. Schallenberger, E., D. Schams, and H.H.D. Meyer. 1989. Sequences of pituitary, ovarian and uterine hormone secretion during the first 5 weeks of pregnancy in dairy cattle. J. Reprod. Fertil. 37(Suppl.):277-286.
93. Schams, D. 1992. Regulation of bovine intra-luteal function by peptide hormones. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 43:117-129.
94. Schams, D., G. Baumann, and W. Leidl. 1982. Oxytocin determination by radioimmunoassay in cattle. II. Effect of mating and stimulation of the genital tract in bulls, cows and heifers. Acta Endocrinol. 99:218-223.
95. Schams, D., H. Mayer, A. Prokopp, and H. Worstorff. 1984. Oxytocin secretion during milking in dairy cows with regard to the variation and importance of a threshold level for milk removal. J. Endocrinol. 102:337-343.
96. Seckl, J. R., and S. L. Lightman. 1987. Effect of naloxone on oxytocin and vasopressin release during vaginocervical stimulation in the goat. J. Endocrinol. 115:317-322.
97. Senft, K., F. Klobasa, and U. E. Pfleiderer. 1974. Physiologische und umweltbedingte Einflüsse auf den Anteil an Komplementärmilch bei Kühen. Züchtungskunde 46:265-273.
98. Soloff, M. S., J. Chakraborty, P. Sadhukhan, D. Senitzer, M. Wieder, M. J. Fernstrom, and P. Sweet. 1980. Purification and characterization of mammary myoepithelial and secretory cells from the lactating rat. Endocrinology 106:887-899.
99. Southwick, L. H., D. J. Wilson, and P. M. Sears. 1992. Milk production, water consumption, and somatic cell count responses of cows subject to one to two volts of alternating current. JAVMA 201:441-444.
100. 3H] oxytocin binding sites within the islets of Langerhans. Regul. Pept. 30:1-13.
101. Stock, S., and K. Uvnäs-Moberg. 1988. Increased plasma levels of oxytocin in response to afferent electrical stimulation of the sciatic and vagal nerves and in response to touch and pinch in anaesthetized rats. Acta Physiol. Scand. 132:29-34.
102. Summy-Long, J. Y., L. M. Rosella-Dumpman, G. L. McLemore, and E. Kachler. 1990. Kappa opiate receptors inhibit release of oxytocin from the magnocellular system during dehydration. Neuroendocrinology 51:376-384.
103. Svennersten, K., R. C. Gorewit, L. O. Sjaunja, and K. Uvnäs-Moberg. 1995. Feeding during milking enhances milking-related oxytocin secretion and milk production in dairy cows whereas food deprivation decreases it. Acta Physiol. Scand. 153:309-310.
104. Svennersten, K., L. Nelson, and K. Uvnäs-Moberg. 1990. Feeding-induced oxytocin release in dairy cows. Acta Physiol. Scand. 140:295-296.
105. Tancin, V., L. Harcek, J. Broucek, M. Uhrincat, and S. Mihina. 1995. Effect of suckling during early lactation and changeover to machine milking on plasma oxytocin and cortisol levels and milking characteristics in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Res. 62:249-256.
106. Vandeputte-Van Messom, G., E. Roets, and G. Peeters. 1986. Is milk flow rate associated with specific adrenoceptor pattern in the cow's teat? Arch. Int. Physiol. Biochim. 94:33.
107. Varner, M. A., B. H. Johnson, J. H. Britt, B. T. McDaniel, and R. D. Mochrie. 1983. Influence of herd relocation upon production and endocrine traits of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 66:466-474.
108. Verbalis, J. G., M. J. McCann, C. M. McHale, and E. M. Stricker. 1986. Oxytocin secretion in response to cholecystokinin and food: differentiation of nausea from satiety. Science (Washington, DC) 232:1417-1419.
109. Walters, D. L., and E. Schallenberger. 1984. Pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins, ovarian steroids and ovarian oxytocin during the periovulatory phase of the oestrous cycle in the cow. J. Reprod. Fertil. 71:503-512.
110. Wellnitz, O., R. M. Bruckmaier, and J. W. Blum. 1997. Naloxone and adrenergic blocking agents fail to abolish central inhibition of milk ejection in cows. J. Dairy Res. 65:627-631.
111. Wilde, C., and M. Peaker. 1990. Autocrine control in milk secretion. J. Agric. Sci. 114:235-238.
112. Willett, L. B., and R. E. Erb. 1972. Short time changes in plasma corticoids in dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 34:103-111.
113. Worstorff, H., D. Schams, A. Prediger, and H. Auernhammer. 1980. Zur Bedeutung der Stimulation beim Melken. Milchwissenschaft 35:141-144.
114. Wright, D. M. 1985. Evidence for a spinal site at which opioids may act to inhibit the milk-ejection reflex. J. Endocrinol. 106:401-407.