No-tillage seeding in conservation agriculture: Second edition

No-Tillage Seeding in Conservation Agriculture: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-326

  Baker, C John ^a   Saxton, Keith E ^g   Ritchie, W R ^a   Chamen, W C Tim ^b   Reicosky, Don C ^c   Ribeiro, M F S ^d   Justice, Scott E ^e   Hobbs, Peter R ^f  

^a Ctr for Intl No Tillage Res/Eng   (New Zealand)

^b 4Ceasons Agriculture and Environment   (United Kingdom)

^c AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^d INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO DO PARANÁ   (Brazil)

^e National Agricultural and Environmental Forum   (Nepal)

^f Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

^g NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890143623     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (336)

1. Abu-Hamdeh, N.H. (2003) Soil compaction and root distribution for okra as affected by tillage and vehicle parameters. Soil and Tillage Research 74, 25-35.
2. Addae, P.C., Collis-George, N. and Pearson, C.J. (1991) Over-riding effects of temperature and soil strength on wheat seedling under minimum and conventional tillage. Field Crops Research 28, 103-116.
3. Afzal, C.M. (1981) The requirements of dry fertilizer placement in direct drilled crops by an improved chisel coulter. Thesis, Massey University Library, New Zealand, 127 pp.
4. Allam, R.K. and Wiens, E.H. (1982) Air seeder testing. Canadian Agricultural Engineering 24, 91-101.
5. Allmaras, R.R., Schomberg, H.H., Douglas, C.L., Jr and Dao, T.H. (2000) Soil organic carbon sequestration potential of adopting conservation tillage in U.S. croplands. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 55, 365-373.
6. Almeida, R.A. (1993) Adaptação da 'matraca'ao plantio direto em pequenas propriedades. In: Encontro Latinoamerico de Planto Direitona Paquena Propriedade 1, IAPAR, Ponta Grossa, Brazil, pp. 251-257.
7. Angers, D.A. and Simard, R.R. (1986) Relationships between organic matter content and soil bulk density. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, 743-746.
8. Ankeny, M.D., Kaspar, T.C. and Horton, R. (1990) Characterization of tillage and traffic effects on unconfined infiltration measurements. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54, 837-840.
9. Anon. (1993) Sod Seeding Techniques. Research Update 699, Prairie Agricultural Machinery Institute, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
10. Anon. (1995) North Otago sustainable land management guidelines [draft]. Otago Regional Council, Dunedin, New Zealand, 92 pp.
11. Anon. (2000) Study promotes soil benefits of no-till cropping. Country Wide, New Zealand, April, 22.
12. Anon. (2004) Mapping a route through precision drill maze. ProfiInternational 6, June, 18-24.
13. Aquino, P. (1998) The Adoption of Bed Planting of Wheat in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. CIMMYT Wheat Special Report No. 17a, CIMMYT, Mexico, DF.
14. Araújo, A.G., Casão, R., Jr and Figueiredo, P.R.A. (1993) Recomendações para dimensionamento e construção do rolo-faca. In: Encontro Latinoamericano sobre Plantio Direto na Pequena Propriedade, 1, 1993. Anais. Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Ponta Grossa, pp. 271-280.
15. Araújo, A.G. and Rodrigues, B.N. (2000) Manejo mecânico e químico da aveia preta e sua influencia sobre a taxa de decomposição e o controle de plantas daninhas em semeadura direta de milho. Planta Daninha, Botucatu 18(1), 151-160.
16. Avnimelech, Y. and Cohen, A. (1988) On the use of organic manures for amendment of compacted clay soils: effects of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biological Wastes 29, 331-339.
17. Bainer, R., Kepner, R.A. and Barger, E.L. (1955) Principles of Farm Machinery. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 571 pp.
18. Baker, C.J. (1969a) A tillage bin and tool testing apparatus for turf samples. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 14(4), 357-360.
19. Baker, C.J. (1969b) The present methods of pasture establishment. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 31, 52-59.
20. Baker, C.J. (1970) A simple covering harrow for direct drilling. New Zealand Farmer 91, 62-63.
21. Baker, C.J. (1971) Filling up spaces by surface seeding. In: Proceedings of the 24th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society, pp. 75-79.
22. Baker, C.J. (1976a) An investigation into the techniques of direct drilling seeds into undisturbed sprayed pasture. Thesis, Massey University Library, New Zealand, 186 pp.
23. Baker, C.J. (1976b) Experiments relating to the techniques of direct drilling of seeds into untilled dead turf. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 21(2), 133-145.
24. Baker, C.J. (1976c) Some effects of cover, seed size, and soil moisture status on establishment of seedlings by direct drilling. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 5, 47-53.
25. Baker, C.J. (1979) Equipment impact and recent developments. In: Proceedings of the Conservation Tillage Technical Seminar, Christchurch, New Zealand, Monsanto (NZ) Ltd, Johnsonville, New Zealand, pp. 5-12.
26. Baker, C.J. (1981a) How direct drilling equipment developments in Europe and North America relate to New Zealand. In: Proceedings of the Conservation Tillage Technical Seminar, Christchurch, New Zealand, Monsanto (NZ) Ltd, Johnsonville, New Zealand, pp. 105-121.
27. Baker, C.J. (1981b) Techniques of overdrilling for the introduction of improved pasture species in temperate grasslands. In: Proceedings of the XIV International Grassland Congress, International Grassland Congress, pp. 542-544.
28. Baker, C.J. (1993a) Inverted T drill openers for pasture establishment by conservation tillage. In: Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress, Palmerston North, New Zealand, International Grassland Congress.
29. Baker, C.J. (1993b) The evolution of 'Cross Slot'no-tillage planters and drills. In: Proceedings of the II National Congress of No Tillage, Cordoba, Argentina (Trabajos Presentados II Congreso Nacional de Siemba Directa), Asociación Argentina Productores en Siemba Directa, Rosario, Argentina, pp. 104-116.
30. Baker, C.J. (1993c) Machinery: drills. In: Pottinger, R.P., Lane, P.M. and Wilkins, J.A.R. (eds) Pasture Renovation Manual, 2nd edn. AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand, pp. 48-54.
31. Baker, C.J. (1994) The case for hi-technology no-tillage. In: Proceedings of the Third National Congress of No-Tillage, Cordoba, Argentina, Asociación Argentina Productores en Siemba Directa, Rosario, Argentina, pp. 145-157.
32. Baker, C.J. (1995) Is hi-tech no-tillage inevitable? In: Proceedings of the Third National No-Tillage Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, Lessiter Publications, Brookfield, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 153-164.
33. Baker, C.J. and Afzal, C.M. (1981) Some thoughts on fertilizer placement in direct drilling. In: Proceedings of the Conservation Tillage Seminar, Christchurch, New Zealand, Monsanto (NZ) Ltd, Johnsonville, New Zealand, pp. 343-354.
34. Baker, C.J. and Afzal, C.M. (1986) Dry fertilizer placement in conservation tillage: seed damage in direct drilling. Soil and Tillage Research 7, 241-250.
35. Baker, C.J. and Badger, E.M. (1979) Developments with seed drill coulters for direct drilling: II. Wear characteristics of an experimental chisel coulter. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 7, 185-188.
36. Baker, C.J. and Choudhary, M.A. (1988) Seed placement and micro-management of residue in dryland no-till. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Dryland Farming, Amarillo, Texas, USA, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Bushland, Amarillo, Texas, pp. 544-546.
37. Baker, C.J. and Mai, T.V. (1982a) Physical effects of direct drilling equipment on undisturbed soils: IV techniques for measuring soil compaction in the vicinity of drilling grooves. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 25, 43-49.
38. Baker, C.J. and Mai, T.V. (1982b) Physical effects of direct drilling equipment on undisturbed soils. V. Groove compaction and seedling root development. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 25, 51-60.
39. Baker, C.J. and Saxton, K.E. (1988) The Cross Slot conservation-tillage grain drill opener. In: Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, Illinois, USA, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, Missouri, Paper no. 88-1568
40. Baker, C.J., Badger, E.M., McDonald, J.H. and Rix, C.S. (1979a) Developments with seed drill coulters for direct drilling: I. Trash handling properties of coulters. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 7, 175-184.
41. Baker, C.J., McDonald, J.H., Seebeck, K., Rix, C.S. and Griffiths, P.M. (1979b) Developments with seed drill coulters for direct drilling: III. An improved chisel coulter with trash handling and fertilizer placement capabilities. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 7, 189-196.
42. Baker, C.J., Thom, E.R. and McKain, W.I. (1979c) Developments with seed drill coulters for direct drilling: IV. Band spraying for suppression of competition during over-drilling. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 7, 411-416.
43. Baker, C.J., Chaudhry, A.D. and Springett, J.A. (1987) Barley seedling establishment and infiltration from direct drilling in a wet soil. Proceedings of the Agronomy Society of New Zealand 17, 59-66.
44. Baker, C.J., Chaudhry, A.D. and Springett, J.A. (1988) Barley seedling establishment by direct drilling in a wet soil. 3. Comparison of six sowing techniques. Soil and Tillage Research 11, 167-181.
45. Baker, C.J., Saxton, K.E. and Ritchie, W.R. (1996) No-tillage Seeding: Science and Practice. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 258 pp.
46. Baker, C.J., Choudhary, M.A. and Collins, R.M. (2001) Factors affecting the uptake of no-tillage in Australia, Asia and New Zealand. In: Proceedings 1 World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Madrid, Spain, Vol. 1, European Conservation Agriculture Federation (Brussels, Europe) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, pp. 35-42.
47. Ball, B.C., Scott, A. and Parker, J.P. (1999) Field N2O, CO2 and CH4 fluxes in relation to tillage, compaction and soil quality in Scotland. Soil and Tillage Research 53(1), 29-39.
48. Barr, S.J. (1980) Some factors affecting the success of pasture renovation using over-drilling with band spraying. Dissertation, Department of Agricultural Engineering Library, Massey University, New Zealand, 84 pp.
49. Barr, S.J. (1981) Specifying and evaluating the performance of overdrilling machines. In: Proceedings of the Conservation Tillage Seminar, Christchurch, New Zealand, Monsanto (NZ) Ltd, Johnsonville, New Zealand, pp. 151-163.
50. Barr, S.J. (1986) Direct drilling to increase pasture production. New Zealand Dairy Farming Annual 150-158.
51. Basker, A., MacGregor, A.N. and Kirkman, J.H. (1993) Exchangeable potassium and other cations in non-ingested soil and casts of two species of pasture earthworms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25, 1673-1677.
52. Baumer, C.R., Devito, C.R. and Gonzalez, N.C. (1994) Sembradoras Directas de Granos Finos. Boletin de Extension No. 9 (PAC-BAN No. 5), Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina, 25 pp.
53. Bayer, C., Martin-Neto, L., Mielniczuk, J. and Ceretta, C.A. (2000a) Effect of no-till cropping systems on soil organic matter in a sandy loam Acrisol from southern Brazil monitored by electron spin resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance. Soil and Tillage Research 53, 95-104.
54. Bayer, C., Mielniczuk, J., Amado, T.J.C., Martin-Neto, L. and Fernandes, S.V. (2000b) Organic matter storage in a sandy loam Acrisol affected by tillage and cropping systems in southern Brazil. Soil and Tillage Research 54, 101-109.
55. Benjamin, L.A. (1990) Variation in time of seedling emergence within populations: a feature that determines individual growth and development. Advances in Agronomy 44, 1-25.
56. Bernardi, R. and Lazaretti, A. (2004) Agricultura orgânica em sistema de plantio direto. In: Encontro Nacional de Plantio Direto na Palha, 98, Anais. Federação Brasileira de Plantio Direto na Palha, Chapecó, Brazil, pp. 105-106.
57. Bevin, A.S. (1944) The Awakening. Wilson and Horton, Auckland, New Zealand, 78 pp.
58. Blackmore, L.W. (1955) The overdrilling of pastures. In: Proceedings of the 7th New Zealand Grasslands Association Conference. New Zealand Grasslands Association, Dunedin, pp. 139-148.
59. Blackwell, P.S., Ward, M.A., Lefevre, R.N. and Cowan, D.J. (1985) Compaction of a swelling clay soil by agricultural traffic, effects upon conditions for growth of winter cereals and evidence for some recovery of structure. Journal of Soil Science 36(4), 633-650.
60. Blevens, R.L. and Frye, W.W. (1993) Conservation tillage: an ecological approach to soil management. Advances in Agronomy 51, 37-78.
61. Bligh, K.J. (1991) Tined and disced no-till seeder comparison. In: Proceedings of the Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, Missouri, Paper number 91-8005.
62. Borlaug, N.E. (1994) Feeding a human population that increasingly crowds a fragile planet. In: Supplement to Transactions of the 15th World Congress of Soil Science, Acapulco, Mexico, International Society of Soil Science. Supplement to 15th World Congress of Soil Science, Acapulco, Mexico.
63. Botta, G.F., Jorajuria, D., Balbuena, R. and Rosatto, H. (2004) Mechanical and cropping behavior of direct drilled soil under different traffic intensities: effect on soybean (Glycine max L.) yields. Soil and Tillage Research 78, 53-58.
64. Bouaziz, A., Souty, N. and Hicks, D. (1990) Emergence force exerted by wheat seedlings. Soil and Tillage Research 17, 211-219.
65. Braverman, M.P., Dusky, J.A., Locascio, S.J. and Hornsby, A.G. (1990) Sorption and degradation of thiobencarb in three Florida soils. Weed Science 38(6), 583-588.
66. Brougham, R.W. and Hodgson, J. (1992) Grasslands for the world. Foreword to Prospectus for XVII International Grassland Congress. International Grassland Congress, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
67. Brown, A.D. (1997) Soil physical conditions for optimum crop establishment. PhD thesis, Cranfield University, Silsoe, UK.
68. Brown, S.W. (1982) An investigation into wear characteristics of a direct drilling coulter (opener). Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 228 pp.
69. Brown, S.W. and Baker, C.J. (1985) Wear characteristics of a direct-drilling opener. Soil and Tillage Research 6, 247-260.
70. Calegari, A. (1990) Plantas para adubação verde de inverno no sudoeste do Paraná. Boletim Técnico, 35, IAPAR, Londrina, 37 pp.
71. Cambardella, C.A. and Elliott, E.T. (1992) Particulate soil organic matter changes across a grassland cultivation sequence. Soil Science Society of America Journal 56, 777-783.
72. Campbell, A.J. (1985) An X-ray technique for determining seed placement in direct drilled soils. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 154 pp.
73. Campbell, A.J. and Baker, C.J. (1989) An X-ray technique for determining three-dimensional seed placement in soils. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 32(2), 379-384.
74. Campbell, B.D. (1981) Observations on early seedling establishment for overdrilled red clover. In: Proceedings of the Conservation Tillage Seminar, Christchurch, New Zealand. Monsanto (NZ) Ltd, Johnsonville, New Zealand, pp. 143-150.
75. Campbell, B.D., McDonald, J.H. and Baker, C.J. (1985) A mechanism to regulate winged coulter depth and overdrilled seed spacing in field experiments. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 13, 175-179.
76. Campbell, C.A., Selles, F., Lafond, G.P. and Zentner, R.P. (2001) Adopting zero tillage management: impact on soil C and N under long-term crop rotations in a thin Black Chernozem. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, 139-148.
77. Campbell, D.J., Dickson, J.W., Ball, B.C. and Hunter, R. (1986) Controlled seedbed traffic after ploughing or direct drilling under winter barley in Scotland, 1980-1984. Soil and Tillage Research 8, 3-28.
78. Carpenter, A., Kain, W.M., Baker, C.J. and Sims, R.E.H. (1978) The effects of tillage technique on insect pests of seedling maize. In: Proceedings of the 31st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society, pp. 89-91.
79. Carter, L.M., Meek, B.D. and Rechel, E.A. (1991) Zone production system for cotton: soil response. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 34(2), 354-360.
80. Carter, M.R. (1994) Conservation Tillage in Temperate Agroecosystems. Lewis, Boca Raton, Florida, 390 pp.
81. Carter, P.A. (1986) Aspects of precision spacing of vegetable crop seeds and no-tillage. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 110 pp.
82. Casão, R., Jr and Yamaoka, R.S. (1990) Desenvolvimento de semeadora-adubadora direta'tração animal. In: Congresso Brazileiro de Engenharia Agricola 1990, Piracicaba Anais. SBEA, Piracicaba, pp. 766-777.
83. Chamen, W.C.T. and Longstaff, D.J. (1995) Traffic and tillage effects on soil conditions and crop growth on a swelling clay soil. Soil Use and Management 11, 168-176.
84. Chamen, W.C.T., Chittey, E.T., Leede, P.R., Goss, M.J. and Howse, K.R. (1990) The effect of tyre soil contact pressure and zero traffic on soil and crop responses when growing winter wheat. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 47, 1-21.
85. Chamen, W.C.T., Vermeulen, G.D., Campbell, D.J. and Sommer, C. (1992) Reduction of traffic-induced soil compaction: a synthesis. Soil and Tillage Research 24, 303-318.
86. Chaney, K. and Swift, R.S. (1984) The influence of organic matter on aggregate stability in some British soils. Journal of Soil Science 35, 223-230.
87. Chaudhry, A.D. (1985) Effects of direct drilling openers, surface residue and earthworms on seed and seedling performance in a wet soil. PhD thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 336 pp.
88. Chaudhry, A.D. and Baker, C.J. (1988) Barley seedling establishment by direct drilling in a wet soil: I. Effects of openers under simulated rainfall and high water-table conditions. Soil and Tillage Research 11, 443-461.
89. Choudhary, M.A. (1979) Interrelationships between performance of direct drilled seeds, soil micro-environment and drilling equipment. PhD thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 211 pp.
90. Choudhary, M.A. and Baker, C.J. (1980) Physical effects of direct drilling equipment on undisturbed soils: I. Wheat seedling emergence from a dry soil under controlled climates. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 23, 489-496.
91. Choudhary, M.A. and Baker, C.J. (1981a) Physical effects of direct drilling equipment on undisturbed soils: II. Seed groove formation by a 'triple disc'coulter and seedling performance. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 24, 183-187.
92. Choudhary, M.A. and Baker, C.J. (1981b) Physical effects of direct drilling equipment on undisturbed soils: III. Wheat seedling performance and in-groove micro-environment in a dry soil. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 24, 189-195.
93. Choudhary, M.A. and Baker, C.J. (1982) Effects of drill coulter design and soil moisture status on emergence of wheat seedlings. Soil and Tillage Research 2, 131-142.
94. Choudhary, M.A. and Baker, C.J. (1994) In: Carter, M.R. (ed.) Conservation Tillage in Temperate Agroecosystems. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 183-207.
95. Choudhary, M.A., Guo, P.Y. and Baker, C.J. (1985) Seed placement effects on seedling establishment in direct drilled fields. Soil and Tillage Research 6, 79-93.
96. Choudhary, M.A., Baker, C.J. and Stiefel, W. (1988a) Dry fertilizer placement in direct drilling. Soil and Tillage Research 12, 213-221.
97. Choudhary, M.A., Baker, C.J., Currie, L.D. and Lynch, T.J. (1988b) Disposal of agricultural liquid waste by sub-soil injection. In: Bhamidimarri, R. (ed.) Alternative Waste Treatment Systems. Elsevier Applied Science, London.
98. Cockcroft, B. and Olsson, K.A. (2000) Degradation of soil structure due to coalescence of aggregates in no-till, no-traffic beds in irrigated crops. Australian Journal of Soil Research 38, 61-70.
99. Collins, R.M. (1970) A study of band spraying and direct drilling as a technique for increasing the winter production of pastures. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 142 pp.
100. Collis-George, N. and Lloyd, J.E. (1979) The basis for a procedure to specify soil physical properties of a seed bed for wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 30, 831-846.
101. Cook, J. and Veseth, R. (1993) Wheat Health. National Society of Plant Pathology.
102. Copp, L.G.L. (1961) A precision seeder operated by suction. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 4, 441-443.
103. Cross, M.W. (1957) Overdrilling machinery and methods. In: Massey Agricultural College Dairy Farmers'Conference, Massey University, New Zealand. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, pp. 77-84.
104. Cross, M.W. (1959) Method of reducing pasture establishment costs. Sheepfarming Annual, Massey University, New Zealand. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 107-116.
105. Crovetto, L.C. (1996) Stubble over the soil: The Vital Role of Plant Residue in Soil Management to Improve Soil Quality. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, 245 pp.
106. Cullen, N. (1966) Pasture establishment on unploughable hill country in New Zealand. In: Proceedings of the X International Grassland Congress, International Grassland Congress, Palmerston North, New Zealand, pp. 851-855.
107. Dangol, B. (1968) A review of the factors affecting pasture establishment. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 88 pp.
108. Dick, W.A., Van Doren, D.A., Triplett, G.D., Jr and Henry, J.E. (1986a) Influence of Long-term Tillage and Crop Rotation Combination on Crop Yields and Selected Soil Parameters. The Results Obtained for a Typic Fragiudalf Soil. Research Bulletin 1180, OSU and OARDC, Wooster, Ohio.
109. Dick, W.A., Van Doren, D.A., Triplett, G.D., Jr and Henry, J.E. (1986b) Influence of Long-term Tillage and Crop Rotation Combination on Crop Yields and Selected Soil Parameters. II. The Results Obtained for a Typical Fragiudalf Soil. Research Bulletin 1181, OSU and OARDC, Wooster, Ohio.
110. Dickson, J.W. and Campbell, D.J. (1990) Soil and crop responses to zero-and conventional-traffic systems for winter barley in Scotland, 1982-1986. Soil and Tillage Research 18, 1-26.
111. Diekow, J., Mielniczuk, J., Knicker, H., Bayer, C., Dick, D.P. and Kögel-Knabner, I. (2004) Soil C and N stocks as affected by cropping systems and nitrogen fertilization in a southern Brazil Acrisol managed under no-tillage for 17 years. Soil and Tillage Research 81, 87-95.
112. Dixon, H.N. (1972) The effects of coulter design on soil compaction and root development of a cereal following direct drilling. Dissertation, Department of Agricultural Engineering Library, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand, 51 pp.
113. Domínguez, J., Bohlen, P.J. and Parmelee, R.W. (2004) Earthworms increase nitrogen leaching to greater soil depths in row crop agroecosystems. Ecosystems 7, 672-685.
114. Doran, J.W. (1980) Microbial changes associated with residue management with reduced tillage. Soil Science Society of America Journal 44, 518-524.
115. Doran, J.W., Fraser, D.G., Culik, M.N. and Leibhardt, W.C. (1987) Influence of alternative and conventional agricultural management on soil microbial processes and N availability. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 2, 99-106.
116. Dudek, D.J., Goffman, J. and Wade, S.M. (1997) Emissions trading in nonattainment areas: potential, requirements, and existing programs. In: Kosobud, R.F. and Zimmermann, J.M. (eds) Market-based Approaches to Environmental Policy: Regulatory Innovations to the Fore. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 151-185.
117. Dumanski, J., Desjardins, R.L., Tarnocai, C., Monreal, D., Gregorich, E.G., Kirkwood, V. and Campbell, C.A. (1998) Possibilities for future carbon sequestration in Canadian agriculture in relation to land-use changes. Climate Change 40, 81-103.
118. Duxbury, J.M., Harper, L.A. and Mosier, A.R. (1993) Contributions of agroecosystems to global climate change. In: Harper, L. et al. (eds) Agroecosystem Effects on Radiatively Important Trace Gases and Global Climate Change. ASA Publication 55, ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 1-18.
119. Edwards, J.H., Wood, C.W., Thurlow, D.L. and Ruf, M.E. (1992) Tillage and crop rotation effects on fertility status of a Hapludalt soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 56, 1577-1582.
120. Edwards, W.M., Shipitalo, M.J. and Norton, L.D. (1988) Contribution of macroporosity to infiltration into a continuous corn no-tilled watershed: implications for contaminant movement. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 3, 193-205.
121. Ellert, B.H. and Janzen, H.H. (1999) Short-term influence of tillage on CO2 fluxes from a semi-arid soil on the Canadian prairies. Soil and Tillage Research 50, 21-32.
122. El-Swaify, S.A. (ed.) (1999) Sustaining the Global Farm-Strategic Issues, Principles, and Approaches. International Soil Conservation Organization (ISCO) and Department of Agronomy and Soil Science, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii, 60 pp.
123. Faulkner, E. (1943) Ploughman's Folly. Michael Joseph, London, 142 pp.
124. Fick, C. (2000) On the money. Farm Journal April, 12-13.
125. Flerchinger, G.N. and Saxton, K.E. (1989a) Simultaneous heat and water model of a freezing snow-residue-soil system: I. Theory and development. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 32(2), 565-571.
126. Flerchinger, G.N. and Saxton, K.E. (1989b) Simultaneous heat and water model of a freezing snow-residue-soil system: II. Field verification. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 32(2), 573-578.
127. Flowers, M.D. and Lal, R. (1998) Axle load and tillage effects on soil physical properties and soybean grain yield on a Mollic Ochraqualf in northwest Ohio. Soil and Tillage Research 48, 21-35.
128. Follas, G.B. (1981) The effects of coulter design on slug damage in direct drilling. In: Proceedings of the Conservation Tillage Seminar, Christchurch, New Zealand. Monsanto (NZ) Ltd, Johnsonville, New Zealand, pp. 201-216.
129. Follas, G.B. (1982) A study of the effects of ground cover on overwintering slug populations and the effect of coulter design on slug incidence in direct drilling. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 121 pp.
130. Follett, R.F. (2001) Soil management concepts and carbon sequestration in cropland soils. Soil and Tillage Research 61, 77-92.
131. Franzluebbers, A.J. and Arshad, M.A. (1996) Soil organic matter pools during early adoption of conservation tillage in northwestern Canada. Soil Science Society of America Journal 60, 1422-1427.
132. Franzluebbers, A.J., Hons, F.M. and Zuberer, D.A. (1995a) Tillage and crop effects on seasonal dynamics of soil CO2 evolution, water content, temperature and bulk density. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2, 95-109.
133. Franzluebbers, A.J., Hons, F.M. and Zuberer, D.A. (1995b) Tillage-induced seasonal changes in soil physical properties affecting soil CO2 evolution under intensive cropping. Soil and Tillage Research 34, 41-60.
134. Frye, W.W. (1984) Energy requirements in no tillage. In: Phillips, R.E. and Phillips, S.H. (eds) No-tillage Agricultural Principles and Practices. VanNostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 127-151.
135. Fundação ABC (1993) Custos de Mecanizacao Agricola Castro. Revista Batavo 21, 23.
136. Gaffney, J. and Wilson, A. (2003) The economics of zero tillage and controlled traffic farming for Western Downs farms. In: Proceedings of the International Soil Tillage Research Organisation 16th Triennial Conference, Brisbane, 13-18 July. Elsevier, Netherlands, pp. 458-464.
137. Gamero, C.A., Siqueira, R., Levien, R. and Silva, S.L. (1997) Decomposição da aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) manejada com rolo-faca e triturador de palhas. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Agrícola, 1997, Campina Grande. Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Agrícola, 1997, v. cd-rom, pp. 1-13.
138. Garcia-Torres, L., Benites, J. and Martinez-Vilela, A. (2001) Conservation agriculture: a worldwide challenge. In: Proceedings of the 1st World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Madrid, Spain, 1-5 October 2001. XUL, Cordova, Spain, p. 387.
139. Gerik, T.J., Morrison, J.E., Jr and Chichester, F.W. (1987) Effects of controlled-traffic on soil physical properties and crop rooting. Agronomy Journal 79, 434-438.
140. Giles, D.M. (1994) Crop residue decomposition under no-tillage in Manawatu. Dissertation, Department of Agricultural Engineering Library, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand, 67 pp.
141. Gilley, J.E. and Doran, J.W. (1997) Tillage effects on soil erosion potential and soil quality of a former conservation reserve program site. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 52, 184-188.
142. Goh, K.M. (2004) Carbon sequestration and stabilization in soils: implications for soil productivity and climate change. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 50, 467-476.
143. Govaerts, B., Sayre, K.D. and Deckers, J. (2004) Stable high yields with zero-tillage and permanent bed planting. Field Crops Research. Article in press but available online at www.sciencedirect.com
144. Grovers, G., Vandaele, K., Desmet, P.J.J., Poesen, J. and Bunte, K. (1994) The role of tillage in soil redistribution on hillslopes. European Journal of Soil Science 45, 469-478.
145. Grabski, A.S., Schafer, B.M. and Desborough, P.J. (1995) A comparison of the impact of 14 years of conventional and no-till cultivation on physical properties and crop yields of a loam soil at Grafton, NSW. In: Proceedings of the National Controlled Traffic Conference, Rockhampton, Australia, pp. 97-102.
146. Grant, F.R. (1997) Changes in soil organic matter under different tillage and rotations: Mathematical modeling in ecosystems. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61, 1159-1175.
147. Graves, D.W. (1994) No tillage: soil inversion in perspective. In: Proceedings of the Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, Canterbury, New Zealand (in press).
148. Green, M. and Eliason, M. (1999) Equipment Issues in Crop Residue Management for Direct Seeding. Factsheets in Direct Seeding, November, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Development.
149. Hadfield, A.B. (1993) Seeding depth effects on the performance of wheat and lupin seedlings under no-tillage. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 115 pp.
150. Haggar, R.J. (1977) Herbicides and low-cost grassland establishment, with special reference to clean seedbeds and one-pass seeding. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy Conservation in Crop Production, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 13 pp. 31-38.
151. Hall, D.G.M., Reeve, M.J., Thomasson, A.J. and Wright, V.F. (1977) Water Retention, Porosity and Density of Field Soils. Soil Survey Technical Monograph No. 9, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, UK, 75 pp.
152. Hamilton-Manns, M. (1994) Effects of date of sowing on pasture establishment by no-tillage. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 138 pp.
153. Havlin, J.L., Kissel, D.E., Maddux, L.D., Classen, M.M. and Long, J.H. (1990) Crop rotation and tillage effects on soil organic carbon and nitrogen. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54, 448-452.
154. Heege, H.J. (1993) Seeding methods performance for cereals, rape and beans. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 36(3), 653-661.
155. Heywood, A.L. (1977) Selected plant and soil responses to three methods of seedbed preparation. Dissertation, Department of Agricultural Engineering Library, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand, 87 pp.
156. Hobbs, P.R. and Gupta, R.K. (2003) Resource-conserving technologies for wheat in rice-wheat systems. In: Ladha, J.K., Hill, J., Gupta, R.K., Duxbury, J. and Buresh, R.J. (eds) Improving the Productivity and Sustainability of Rice-Wheat Systems: Issues and Impact. ASA Special Publication 65, Agronomy Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 149-171.
157. Hobbs, P.R. and Gupta, R.K. (2004) Problems and challenges of no-till farming for the rice-wheat systems of the Indo-Gangetic plains in South Asia. In: Lal, R., Hobbs, P., Uphoff, N. and Hansen, D.O. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture and the Rice-Wheat System. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 101-119; Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 101-121.
158. Hollbrook, J.R. (1995) Direct drilling in the UK and Europe and subsequent research into the effect of light on development of wheat. In: Proceedings of the 2nd EC Workshop of the Concerted Action on Experiences with the Applicability of No-tillage Crop Production in the West European Countries, Silsoe, 15-17 May 1995. Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
159. Houghton, R.A., Hobbie, J.A., Melillo, J.M., More, B., Peterson, B.J., Shaver, G.R. and Woodwell, G.M. (1983) Changes in the carbon content of terrestrial biota in soils between 1860 and 1980: a net release of CO2 to the atmosphere. Ecological Monographs 53, 235-262.
160. Hudson, B.D. (1994) Soil organic matter and available water capacity. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 49(2), 189-194.
161. Hughes, K.A. (1975) A study of tillage mechanisms in relation to soil properties and crop growth. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 139 pp.
162. Hughes, K.A. and Baker, C.J. (1977) The effects of tillage and zero-tillage systems on soil aggregates in a silt loam. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 22, 291-301.
163. Hyde, G.M., Johnson, G.E., Simpson, J.B. and Payton, D.M. (1979) Grain drill design concepts for Pacific Northwest conservation farming. In: Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, Missouri, USA. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, Missouri, Paper no. 79-1525.
164. Hyde, G.M., Wilkins, D.E., Saxton, K.E., Hammel, J., Swanson, G., Hermanson, R., Dowding, E.A., Simpson, J.B. and Peterson, C.L.M. (1987) Reduced tillage seeding equipment developments. In: Elliot, L.F. (ed.) STEEP-Conservation Concepts and Accomplishments. Washington State University Press, Pullman, Washington.
165. Hyde, G.M., George, J.E., Saxton, K.E. and Simpson, J.B. (1989) Slot mulch insertion machine: design and performance. In: American Society of Agricultural Engineers Winter Conference, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Paper no. 89-1502.
166. Inwood, S.B. (1990) The effects on seedling performance of different establishment techniques and drilling patterns in pasture renewal. Dissertation, Department of Agricultural Engineering Library, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand, 61 pp.
167. IPCC (2000) Land Use, Land-use Change, and Forestry. Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 377 pp.
168. Javed, T. (1992) Determination of drag torque of the rotating disc of the 'Bioblade'opener. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 162 pp.
169. Justice, S. and Biggs, S. (2004a) Socially responsible rural mechanization processes and policies in Nepal. Agricultural Research and Extension Network Newsletter 50, July.
170. Justice, S. and Biggs, S. (2004b) Socially equitable mechanisation in Nepal. Appropriate Technology 31, March, 1.
171. Justice, S., Haque, E., Meisner, C., Hossain, I., Sah, G., Tripathi, J., Rashid, M.H. and Amin, M.R. (2004) Giving South Asia farmers a choice: a single drill for reduced and strip till crops for 2-wheel tractors.Paper presented at the 2004 International Commission on Agricultural Engineering (CIGR) International Conference, Beijing, China, 11-14 October 2004.
172. Kanchanasut, P., Scotter, D.R. and Tillman, R.W. (1978) Preferential solute movement through larger soil voids, 11 experiments with saturated soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research 16, 257-267.
173. Karonka, P. (1973) Machinery development for direct drilling. Outlook on Agriculture 7(4), 190-195.
174. Kern, J.S. and Johnson, M.G. (1993) Conservation tillage impacts on national soil and atmospheric carbon levels. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57, 200-210.
175. Kim, D.A. (1971) The effects of sowing and renovation techniques on the establishment of, and competition between, pasture species. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 152 pp.
176. Kimble, J.M., Lal, R. and Follett, R.R. (2002) Agricultural practices and policy options for carbon sequestration: what we know and where we need to go. In: Kimble, J.M. et al. (eds) Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 495-501.
177. King, J.A., Bradley, R.I., Harrison, R. and Carter, A.D. (2004) Carbon sequestration and saving potential associated with changes to the management of agricultural soils in England. Soil Use and Management 20, 394-402.
178. Kirby, E.J.M. (1993) Effect of sowing depth on seedling emergence, growth and development in barley and wheat. Field Crops Research 35, 101-111.
179. Kurachi, S.A.H., Costa, J.A.S., Bernardi, J.A., Silveira, G.M. and Coelho, J.L.D. (1993) Avaliação Tecnológica: resultados de ensaios de mecanismos dosadores de sementes de semeadorasadubadoras de precisão. Boletim Técnico 28, Instituto Agronômico, Campinas.
180. Lafond, G.P., Derksen, D.A., Loeppky, H.A. and Struthers, D. (1994) An agronomic evaluation of conservation tillage systems and continuous cropping in East Central Saskatchewan. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 49, 387-393.
181. Lal, R. (1984) Soil erosion from tropical arable lands and its control. Advances in Agronomy 37, 183-248.
182. Lal, R. (1989) Conservation tillage for sustainable agriculture: tropics vs temperate environments. Advances in Agronomy 42, 1073-1082.
183. Lal, R. (1997) Residue management, conservation tillage and soil restoration for mitigating greenhouse effect by CO2 enrichment. Soil and Tillage Research 43, 81-107.
184. Lal, R. (1999) Global carbon pools and fluxes and the impact of agricultural intensification and judicious land use. In: Prevention of Land Degradation, Enhancement of Carbon Sequestration and Conservation of Biodiversity through Land Use Change and Sustainable Land Management with a Focus on Latin America and the Caribbean. World Soil Resources Report 86, FAO, Rome, pp. 45-52.
185. Lal, R. (2000) World cropland soils as a source or sink for atmospheric carbon. Advances in Agronomy 71, 145-191.
186. Lal, R. (2002) Why carbon sequestration in agricultural soils? In: Kimble, J.M. et al. (eds) Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 21-30.
187. Lal, R. (2004) Carbon emission from farm operations. Environment International 30, 981-990.
188. Lal, R., Logan, T.J., Eckert, D.J., Dick, W.A. and Shipitalo, M.J. (1994a) Conservation tillage in the corn belt of the United States. In: Carter, M.R. (ed.) Conservation Tillage in Temperate Agroecosystems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 73-114.
189. Lal, R., Mahboubi, A.A. and Fausey, N.R. (1994b) Long-term tillage affects on Mollic Ochraqualf in northwestern Ohio. III. Soil nutrient profile. Soil and Tillage Research 15, 371-382.
190. Lal, R., Kimble, J.M., Follet, R.F. and Cole, V. (1998) Potential of U.S. Cropland for Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Effect Mitigation. Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, Michigan, 128 pp.
191. Lamarca, C.C. (1998) Stubble over the Soil. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, 245 pp.
192. Lamers, J.G., Perdok, U.D., Lumkes, L.M. and Klooster, J.J. (1986) Controlled traffic farming systems in the Netherlands. Soil and Tillage Research 8, 65-76.
193. Lane, P.M.S., Pottinger, R.P. and Kaligariff, P.J. (1993) Pasture renovation: costs and benefits. In: Pottinger, R.P., Lane, P.M.S. and Wilkins, J.R. (eds) Pasture Renovation Manual, 2nd edn. AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand, pp. 115-120.
194. Le Bissonnais, Y. (1990) Experimental study and modelling of soil surface crusting processes. In: Bryan, R.B. (ed.) Soil Erosion: Experiments and Models. Catena Verlag, Cremlingen-Destedt, pp. 13-28.
195. Lee, K.E. (1985) Earthworms: Their Ecology and Relationship with Soils and Land Use. Academic Press, New York.
196. Li, Y.X., Tullberg, J.N. and Freebairn, D.M. (2001) Traffic and residue cover effects on infiltration. Australian Journal of Soil Research 39, 239-247.
197. Lindstrom, M.J., Nelson, W.W. and Schumacher, T.E. (1992) Quantifying tillage erosion rates due to moldboard plowing. Soil and Tillage Research 24, 243-255.
198. Little, C.E. (1987) Green Fields Forever: The Conservation Tillage Revolution in America. Island Press, Washington, DC, 192 pp.
199. Lobb, D.A. and Kachanoski, R.G. (1999) Modelling tillage translocation using steppe, near plateau, and exponential functions. Soil and Tillage Research 51, 261-277.
200. Lobb, D.A., Kachanoski, R.J. and Miller, M.H. (1995) Tillage translocation and tillage erosion on shoulder slope landscape positions measured using 137Cesium as a tracer. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, 211-218.
201. Lobb, D.A., Lindstrom, M.J., Quine, T.A. and Govers, G. (2000) Tillage at the threshold of the 21st century: new directions in response to tillage translocation and tillage erosion. In: Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the International Soil and Tillage Research Organization, Elsevier, Netherlands, Fort Worth, Texas, 2-6 July 2000.
202. Logan, T.J., Lal, R. and Dick, W.A. (1991) Tillage systems and soil properties in North America. Soil and Tillage Research 20, 241-270.
203. Lücke, W. and von Hörsten, D. (2004) Design and development of a new combine straw chopper with huge spreading range. In: EurAgEng 2004: Proceedings of the AgEng 2004 Conference, Belgium.
204. Lynch, J.M. (1977) Phytotoxicity of acetic acid produced in an anaerobic decomposition of wheat straw. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 10, 131-135.
205. Lynch, J.M. (1978) Production of a phototoxicity of acetic acid in anaerobic soils containing plant residues. Journal of Soil Biology 10, 131-135.
206. Lynch, J.M., Ellis, F.A.B., Harper, S.H.T. and Christian, D.G. (1980) The effect of straw on the establishment and growth of winter cereals. Agricultural Research Council report. Agriculture and the Environment 5, 321-328.
207. Mai, T.V. (1978) The effects of drill coulter designs on soil physical properties and plant responses in untilled seedbeds. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 220 pp.
208. Martin, D.L. and Thrailkill, D.J. (1993) Moisture and humidity requirements for germination of surface seeded corn. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 9(1), 43-48.
209. Mason, R.M., Page, J.R., Tullberg, J.N. and Buttsworth, R.K. (1995) The economics of controlled traffic: South Burnett case study. In: Proceedings of the National Controlled Traffic Conference, Rockhampton, Queensland, 13-14 September, pp. 109-114.
210. McKenzie, A.F., Fan, M.X. and Cardin, F. (1998) Nitrous oxide emission in three years as affected by tillage, corn-soybeans-alfalfa rotations and nitrogen fertilization. Journal of Environmental Quality 27, 698-703.
211. McQueen, D.J. and Shepherd, T.G. (2002) Physical changes and compaction sensitivity of a fine-textured, poorly drained soil (Typic Endoaquept) under varying durations of cropping, Manawatu Region, New Zealand. Soil and Tillage Research 63(3-4), 93-107.
212. Meek, B.D., DeTar, W.R., Rolph, D., Rechel, E.R. and Carter, L.M. (1990) Infiltration rate as affected by an alfalfa and no-till cropping system. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54(2), 505-508.
213. Meisner, C.A., Bodruzzaman, M., Amin, M.R., Baksh, E., Hossain, A.B.S., Ahmed, M. and Sadat, M.A. (2003) Conservation tillage options for the poor, small landholders in South Asia. In: Conservation Agriculture, 2003. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
214. Milne, G.D. and Fraser, T. (1990) Establishment of 1600 hectares of dryland species around Oamaru/ Timaru. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grasslands Association 52, 133-137.
215. Milne, G.D., Moloney, S.C. and Smith, D.R. (1993) Demonstration of dryland species on 90 east coast North Island farms. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 55, 39-44.
216. Mitchell, J. (1983) Direct drilling project. Dissertation, Department of Agricultural Engineering Library, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand, 20 pp.
217. Mitchell, J.P., Munk, D.S., Prys, B., Klonsky, K.K., Wroble, J.F. and De Moura, R.L. (2004a) Conservation tillage cotton production systems in the San Joaquin Valley. In: Proceedings of the Western States Conservation Tillage Conference, 8-9 September 2004, Five Points, California. Kearney Agricultural Center, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Parlier, California, pp. 57-64.
218. Mitchell, J.P., Jackson, L. and Miyao, G. (2004b) Minimum Tillage Vegetable Crop Production in California. Publication 8132, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland, California, 9 pp.
219. Moens, R. (1989) Factors affecting slug damage and control measure decisions. In: Henderson, I. (ed.) Slugs and Snails in World Agriculture. Monograph 41, The British Crop Protection Council, Thornton Heath, pp. 227-236.
220. Monegat, C. (1991) Plantas de Cobertura do Solo. Características e manejo em pequenas propriedades. Chapecó, Brazil, 337 pp.
221. Morrison, J.E. (1988a) Interactive planter depth control and pneumatic downpressure system. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 31(1), 14-18.
222. Morrison, J.E. (1988b) Hydraulic downpressure system performance for conservation planting machines. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 31(2), 19-23.
223. Morrison, J.E., Allen, R.R., Jr, Wilkins, D.E., Powell, G.M., Grisso, R.D., Erbach, D.C., Herdon, L.P., Murray, D.L., Formanek, G.E., Pfost, D.L., Herron, M.M. and Baumert, D.J. (1988) Conservation planter, drill and air-type seeder selection guidelines. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 4(4), 300-309.
224. Mosier, A., Shimel, D., Valentine, D., Bronson, K. and Parton, W. (1991) Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in native, fertilized and cultivated grasslands. Nature 350, 330-332.
225. Mosier, A., Kroez, C., Nevison, C., Oenema, O., Seitzinger, S. and Van Cleemput, O. (1998) Closing the global N2O budget: nitrous oxide emissions through the agricultural nitrogen cycle. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 52, 225-248.
226. Nichols, K.A. and Wright, S.F. (2004) Contributions of soil fungi to organic matter in agricultural soils. In: Magdoff, F. and Weil, R. (eds) Functions and Management of Soil Organic Matter in Agroecosystems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 179-198.
227. Nix, J. (2001) Farm Management Pocketbook, 31st edn. Imperial College at Wye, Ashford, Kent, UK, 256 pp.
228. Pangnakorn, U., George, D.L., Tullberg, J.N. and Gupta, M.L. (2003) Effect of tillage and traffic on earthworm populations in a vertisol in South-East Queensland. In: Proceedings of the International Soil Tillage Research Organisation 16th Triennial Conference, Brisbane, 13-18 July, Elsevier, Netherlands, pp. 881-885.
229. Papendick, R.I., McCool, D.K. and Krauss, H.A. (1983) Soil conservation: Pacific Northwest. In: Dregne, H.E. and Willis, W.O. (eds) Dryland Agriculture. Agronomy Monograph 23, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin.
230. Paul, E., Paustian, K., Elliott, E.T. and Cole, C.V. (eds) (1997) Soil Organic Matter in Temperate Agroecosystems: Long-term Experiments in North America. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
231. Paustian, K., Andren, O., Janzen, H.H., Lal, R., Smith, P., Tian, G., Tiessen, H., VanNoordwijk, M. and Woomer, P.L. (1997a) Agricultural soils as a sink to mitigate CO2 emissions. Soil Use Management 13, 230-244.
232. Paustian, K., Collins, H.P. and Paul, E.A. (1997b) Management controls on soil carbon. In: Paul, E.A. et al. (eds) Soil Organic Matter in Temperate Agroecosystems: Long-term Experiments in North America. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 15-49.
233. Pellow, R.W. (1992) The potential for transplanting seedlings by no-tillage. Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 87 pp.
234. Pidgeon, J.D. (1981) A preliminary study of minimum tillage systems (including broadcasting) for spring barley in Scotland. Soil and Tillage Research 1, 139-151.
235. Poesen, J., Wesenael, B., Govers, G., Martinez-Fernadez, J., Desmet, B., Vandaele, K., Quine, T. and Degraer, G. (1997) Patterns of rock fragment covered generated by tillage erosion. Geomorphology 18, 193-197.
236. Pottinger, R.P., Lane, P.M.S. and Wilkins, J.R. (eds) (1993) Pasture Renovation Manual. AgResearch. Hamilton, New Zealand, 151 pp.
237. Praat, J.P. (1988) A study of seeding depth with direct drilled peas. Dissertation, Department of Agricultural Engineering Library, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand, 78 pp.
238. Praat, J.P. (1995) Row spacing and seedling rate interactions in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue swards established by direct drilling. PhD thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 213 pp..
239. Pradhan, G., Khan, S.U., Justice, S. and Gami, V.K. (1997) Farmer participatory research on the Chinese hand tractor. In: Hobbs, P. and Rajbandari, N. (eds) Proceedings of the Rice-Wheat Research End-of-Project Workshop, 1-3 October 1997, Hotel Shangrala, Kathmandu, Nepal. Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) and Rice-Wheat Research Consortium, Mexico DF.
240. Prior, S.A., Runion, G.B., Torbert, H.A., Rogers, H.H. and Reeves, D.W. (2003) Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on biomass production and C sequestration: conventional and conservation cropping systems. In: Proceedings of the International Soil Tillage Research Organisation 16th Triennial Conference, Brisbane, 13-18 July. Elsevier, Netherlands, pp. 943-947.
241. Radford, B.J., Davis, R.J., McGarry, D., Pillai, U.P., Rickman, J.F., Walsh, P.A. and Yule, D.F. (2000) Changes in the properties of a Vertisol and responses of wheat after compaction with harvester traffic. Soil and Tillage Research 54, 155-170.
242. Radford, B.J., Wilson-Rummenie, A.C., Simpson, G.B., Bell, K.L. and Ferguson, M.A. (2001) Compacted soil affects soil macrofauna populations in a semi-arid environment in central Queensland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33(12-13), 1869-1872.
243. Radford, R. and Yule, D. (2003) Compaction persists for five years after cessation of wheel traffic on a Vertisol in Central Queensland. In: Proceedings of the International Soil Tillage Research Organisation 16th Triennial Conference, Brisbane, 13-18 July. Elsevier, Netherlands, pp. 949-954.
244. Ralisch R. et al. (1998) In: Encontro Latinoameriacno de Plantio Direto NA Pequena Propriedade, III. IAPAR, Pato Branco.
245. Rasmussen, P.E. and Rohde, C.R. (1988) Long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilization affects on organic N and C in a semi-arid soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 44, 596-600.
246. Rawson, H.M. (2004) Report of the Team Leader, FAO Second Mission: March 9 to April 13, 2004. Project Titled 'Intensification of Sustainable Production of Wheat and Rice-Wheat Systems'. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
247. Reicosky, D.C. (1990) Canopy gas exchange in the field: closed chambers. Remote Sensing Reviews 5(1), 163-177.
248. Reicosky, D.C. (1997) Tillage-induced CO2 emission from soil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 49, 273-285.
249. Reicosky, D.C. (1998) Strip tillage methods: impact on soil and air quality. In: Mulvey, P.J. (ed.) Environmental Benefits of Soil Management. Proceedings of the ASSSI National Soils Conference, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 56-60.
250. Reicosky, D.C. (2001a) Conservation agriculture: global environmental benefits of soil carbon management. In: Garcia-Torres, L. et al. (eds) Conservation Agriculture: A Worldwide Challenge. XUL, Cordoba, Spain, pp. 3-12.
251. Reicosky, D.C. (2001b) Tillage-induced CO2 emissions and carbon sequestration: effect of secondary tillage and compaction. In: Garcia-Torres, L. et al. (eds) Conservation Agriculture: A Worldwide Challenge. XUL, Cordoba, Spain, pp. 265-274.
252. Reicosky, D.C. and Lindstrom, M.J. (1993) Fall tillage method: effect on short-term carbon dioxide flux from soil. Agronomy Journal 85, 1237-1243.
253. Reicosky, D.C. and Lindstrom, M.J. (1995) Impact of fall tillage on short-term carbon dioxide flux. In: Lal, R. et al. (eds) Soils and Global Change. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 177-187.
254. Reicosky, D.C., Wagner, S.W. and Devine, O.J. (1990) Methods of calculating carbon dioxide exchange rates for maize and soybean using a portable field chamber. Photosynthetica 24(1), 22-38.
255. Reicosky, D.C., Kemper, W.D., Langdale, G.W., Douglas, C.W., Jr and Rasmussen, P.E. (1995) Soil organic matter changes resulting from tillage and biomass production. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 50, 253-261.
256. Reicosky, D.C., Kemper, W.D., Langdale, G.W., Douglas, C.W. Jr., Rasmussen, P.E. (1996) Soil organic matter changes resulting from tillage and biomass production. Proceedings National No-Tillage Conference, St Louis, Missouri, USA. 07-105. Lessiter Publications, Brookfield, Wisconsin.
257. Reicosky, D.C., Evans, S.D., Cambardella, C.A., Allmaras, R.R., Wilts, A.R. and Huggins, D.R. (2002) Continuous corn with moldboard tillage: residue and fertility effects on soil carbon. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 57(5), 277-284.
258. Ribeiro, M.F.S. (2004) Farmer's Perception, Impacts and Dissemination Issues of Conservation Agriculture/ Labour Saving Technologies. Report of IFAD/FAO/DMC. Case Study in Tanzania, 61 pp.
259. Ribeiro, M.F.S., et al. (1993) Implicacoes do plantia direto em pequenas propriedades no Centro-Sul do Parana. In: Encontro Latinamericano sobre Plantio Direto na Pequena Propriedade 1. Instituto Agronomico do Parana, Ponta Grossa, Brazil, pp. 271-280.
260. Ribeiro, M.F.S., Benassi, D.A., Siqueira, E.M., Milleo, R.D.S., Hennerich, J.E., Richter, S. and Krieck, R. (1998) Avaliação de semeadoras de plantio direto a tração animal, safra 1999/2000. In: Encontro Latinoamericano de Plantio Direto NA Pequena Propriedade, III, 1998. IAPAR, Pato Branco.
261. Ritchie, W.R. (1982) Aspects of seed transfer within a direct drilling coulter (opener). Thesis, Massey University Library, Auckland, New Zealand, 148 pp.
262. Ritchie, W.R. (1986a) Pasture renovation by overdrilling. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grasslands Association 47, 159-164.
263. Ritchie, W.R. (1986b) Pasture renovation or pasture renewal: New Zealand Dairy Farming Annual 136-143.
264. Ritchie, W.R. (1988) Turf renovation-an equipment viewpoint. New Zealand Turf Management Journal 2(1), 20-22.
265. Ritchie, W.R. and Baker, C.J. (1987) A field programme for evaluating direct drilling technology. Proceedings of the Agronomy Society of New Zealand 17, 77-82.
266. Ritchie, W.R. and Cox, T.I. (1981) Towards precision sowing in uncultivated ground. In: Proceedings of the Conservation Tillage Technical Seminar, Christchurch, New Zealand. Monsanto (NZ) Ltd, Johnsonville, New Zealand, pp. 123-132.
267. Ritchie, W.R., Wrigley, M.P. and Hill, K. (1994) The seed-rate debate-the last word? New Zealand Turf Management Journal August, 26-27.
268. Ritchie, W.R., Baker, C.J. and Hamilton-Manns, M. (2000) Successful No-tillage in Crop and Pasture Establishment. Caxton Press, New Zealand, 96 pp.
269. Rizzardi, M., Boller, W. and Dalloglio, R. (1994) Distribuição de plantas de milho, na linha de semeadura, e seus efeitos nos componentes de produção. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 29(8), pp.1231-1236.
270. Robert, M. (1996) Aluminum toxicity a major stress for microbes in the environment. In: Huang, P.M. et al. (eds) Environmental Impacts, Vol. 2, Soil Component Interactions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 227-242.
271. Robertson, G.P., Paul, E. and Harwood, R.R. (2000) Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: contribution of individual guesses to the radiate of forcing of the atmosphere. Science 289, 1922-1925.
272. Robinson, G.S. (1957) What pastures should be overdrilled? In: Massey Agricultural College Dairy Farmers'Conference, New Zealand, pp. 71-76.
273. Robinson, G.S. and Cross, M.W. (1957) Overdrilling pumice pastures. New Zealand Journal of Agriculture 95, 283-288.
274. Ross, C. (2001) A Tick for No-till. Soil Horizons Issue 5, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand.
275. Ross, C. (2002) The structure and function of untilled soils. In: Proceedings of the Monsanto Conservation Agriculture Seminars, February, Taupo and Ashburton. Monsanto (NZ) Ltd, Johnsonville, New Zealand, pp. 27-37.
276. Ross, C., Saggar, S., Yeates, G.W., Dando, J. and Shepherd, T.G. (2000) Soil quality under long-term cropping by no-tillage and conventional cultivation, and permanent pasture in the Manawatu. In: Extended Abstracts, Proceedings of the NZSSS/ASSSI Soil 2000 Conference, 3-8 December, Lincoln University. New Zealand Society of Soil Science and Australian Society of Soil Science.
277. Ross, C., Dando, J., Saggar, S., Yeates, G. and Shepherd, T.G. (2002a) Soil quality under long-term cropping by no-tillage compared with conventional cultivation, and with permanent pasture. In: Proceedings Soil Quality and Sustainable Land Management Conference, NZ Association Resource Management, 3-5 April 2002. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, pp. 41-45.
278. Ross, C., Saggar, S., Yeates, G., Dando, J. and Shepherd, T.G. (2002b) Soil quality under long-term cropping by no-tillage compared with conventional cultivation and permanent pasture. In: Currie, L.D. and Loganathan, P. (eds) Dairy Farm Soil Management. Occasional Report No. 15, Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, pp. 119-126.
279. Row, C., Sampson, R.N. and Hair, D. (1996) Environmental and land-use changes from increasing forest area and timber growth. In: Sampson, R.N. and Hair, D. (eds) Forest and Global Change, Vol. 2: Forest Management Opportunities for Mitigating Carbon Emissions. American Forests, Washington, DC.
280. Rice-Wheat Consortium (RWC) Website. Available at: http://www.rwc-prism.cgiar.org/rwc
281. Ryan, D.L., Hay, R.J.M. and Baker, C.J. (1979) Response of some ryegrass cultivars to over-drilling in Southland. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 40, 136-144.
282. Sa, J.C.D., Cerri, C.C., Dick, W.A., Lal, R., Venske, S.P., Piccolo, M.C. and Feigl, B.E. (2001) Organic matter dynamics and carbon sequestration rates for a tillage chronosequence in a Brazilian Oxisol. Soil Science Society of America Journal 65, 1486-1499.
283. Sah, R.P., Tripathi, J., Sah, G. and Bhattarai, S. (2004) National Coordinators Report for the Regional Technical Coordination Committee, RWC. In: Proceedings of RSC/RTCC Meeting, Islamabad, Pakistan, January 2004.
284. Salmon, R. (2005) Brassica seed treatment trials. In: Proceedings of Cross Slot No-Tillage Systems Annual Conference, Methven, New Zealand. Baker No-Tillage Ltd, Feilding, New Zealand.
285. Sangoi, L. (1990) Arranjo de plantas e características de genótipos de miilho em sois níveis de fertilidade. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 25(7), 945-953.
286. Saxton, K.E. (1988) Conservation of soil water by residue and tillage. In: Proceedings of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage Symposium. Vol. 4, Regional and Local Water Management Systems. Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, pp. 291-298.
287. Saxton, K.E. (1990) Criteria for conservation-tillage and the cross-slot opener. In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual Manitoba North Dakota Zero-Tillage Workshop, January 17-19, Bismark, North Dakota, USA, pp. 69-80.
288. Saxton, K.E. and Baker, C.J. (1990) The Cross Slot drill opener for conservation tillage. In: Proceedings of the Great Plains Conservation Tillage Symposium, Bismark, North Dakota, USA, Great Plains Agricultural Council Bulletin No. 131, Bismark, North Dakota, pp. 65-72.
289. Saxton, K.E., Bristow, K.L., Omer, M.A. and Flerchinger, G.N. (1988a) Tillage and crop residue management for water conservation. In: Proceedings International Conference on Dryland Farming, Amarillo, Texas, USA. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Bushland, Amarillo, Texas, pp. 493-497.
290. Saxton, K.E., McCool, D.K. and Kenny, J.F. (1988b) Tillage and residue impacts on infiltration. In: Conference Proceedings of International Conference on Infiltration Development and Application, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp. 508-516.
291. Sayre, K.D. and Hobbs, P.R. (2004) The raised-bed system of cultivation for irrigated production conditions. In: Lal, R., Hobbs, P., Uphoff, N. and Hansen, D.O. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture and the Rice-Wheat System. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 337-355.
292. Schimitz, H., Sommer, M. and Walter, S. (1991) Animal Traction in Rainfed Agriculture in Africa and South America: Determinants and Experiences. GATE/GTZ, Wieveg, pp. 102-103.
293. Schlesinger, W.H. (1985) Changes in soil carbon storage and associated properties with disturbance and recovery. In: Trabalha, J.R. et al. (eds) The Changing Carbon Cycle: A Global Analysis. Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 194-220.
294. Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., Schumacher, J.A. and Lemme, G.D. (1999) Modelling spatial variation and productivity due to tillage and water erosion. Soil and Tillage Research 51, 331-339.
295. Scotter, D.R. (1976) Liquid and vapour phase transport in soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research 14, 33-41.
296. Shepherd, T.G., Parshotam, A. and Newman, R.H. (2006) Dynamics of organic carbon fractions and physical properties of a clayey soil continuously cropped and then returned to pasture. European Journal of Soil Science (in press).
297. Siqueira, R. and Araújo, A.G. (1999) Máquinas para o manejo mecânico das planta e dos resíduos culturais. In: Castro Filho, C. and Muzilli, O. (eds) Uso e Manejo dos Solos de Baixa Aptidão Agrícola. IAPAR Circular Técnica, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, Brazil, pp. 124-138.
298. Siqueira, R. and Casão, R., Jr (2004) Trabalhador no cultivo de grãos e oleaginosas: máquinas para manejo de coberturas e semeadura no sistema plantio direto. SENAR, Curitiba, Brazil, 87 pp.
299. Sisti, C.P.J., dos Santos, H.P., Kohhann, R., Alves, B.J.R., Urquiaga, S. and Boddey, R.M. (2004) Changing carbon and nitrogen stocks in soil under 13 years of conventional or zero tillage in southern Brazil. Soil and Tillage Research 76, 39-58.
300. Six, J., Conant, R.T., Paul, E.A. and Paustian, K. (2002) Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant Soil 241, 155-176.
301. Six, J., Ogle, S.M., Breidt, F.J., Conant, R.T., Mosier, A.R. and Paustian, K. (2004) The potential to mitigate global warming with no-tillage management is only realized when practiced in the long-term. Global Change Biology 10, 155-160.
302. Skidmore, E.L., Kumar, M. and Larson, W.E. (1979) Crop residue management for wind erosion control in the Great Plains. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 34, 90-94.
303. Smith, O.H., Petersen, G.W. and Needelman, B.A. (2000) Environmental indicators of agroecosystems. Advances in Agronomy 69, 75-97.
304. Smith, P., Powlson, D.S., Glendining, M.J. and Smith, J.U. (1998) Preliminary estimates of the potential for carbon mitigation in European soils through no-till farming. Global Change Biology 4, 679-685.
305. Soane, B.D. (1990) The role of organic matter in the soil compactibility: a review of some practical aspects. Soil and Tillage Research 16, 179-202.
306. Spoor, G. (1994) Application of mole drainage in the solution of subsoil management problems. In: Jayawardane, N.S. and Stewart, B.A. (eds) Advances in Soil Science: Subsoil Management Techniques. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, pp. 67-107.
307. Spoor, G., Tijink, F.G.J. and Weisskopf, P. (2003) Subsoil compaction: risk, avoidance, identification and alleviation. Soil and Tillage Research 73, 175-182.
308. Stibbe, E., Terpstra, R. and Kouwenhoven, J.K. (1980) Effect of spring tillage on seedbed characteristics. Plant establishment and yield of silage corn on a light sandy soil. Soil and Tillage Research 1, 47-57.
309. Stockfisch, N., Forstreuter, T. and Ehlers, W. (1999) Ploughing effects on soil organic matter after 20 years of conservation tillage in Lower Saxony, Germany. Soil and Tillage Research 52, 91-101.
310. Thom, E.R., Sheath, G.W., Bryant, A.M. and Cox, N.R. (1986) Renovation of pastures containing paspalum: 1. Persistence of overdrilled ryegrass and prairie grass and effect on seasonal pasture production. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 29, 575-585.
311. Thom, E.R. and Ritchie, W.R. (1993) Banded versus blanket spraying and direct drilling. In: Pottinger, R.P., Lane, P.M.S. and Wilkins, J.R. (eds) Pasture Renovation Manual. AgResearch, Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand, pp. 55-58.
312. Thompson, C. (1993) The interactions between machine design and soil conditions influencing in-groove vertical seed placement by the Bioblade direct drill. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Engineering Library, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
313. Tisdall, J.M. (1996) Formation of soil aggregates in the accumulation of soil organic matter. In: Carter, M.R. and Stewart, B.A. (eds) Structure and Soil Organic Matter Storage in Agricultural Soils. Advances in Soil Science, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 57-96.
314. Torbert, H.A. and Reeves, D.W. (1995) Traffic and residue management systems: effects on fate of fertilizer N in corn. Soil and Tillage Research 33(3-4), 197-213.
315. Tracy, P.W., Westfall, D.G., Elliott, E.T., Peterson, G.A. and Cole, C.V. (1990) Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur mineralization in plow and no-till cultivation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54, 457-461.
316. Unger, P.W. (1996) Soil bulk density, penetration resistance, and hydraulic conductivity under controlled traffic conditions. Soil and Tillage Research 37(1), 67-75.
317. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat (1997) Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat, Bonn, Germany.
318. Uri, D.M. (2000) An evaluation of the economic benefits and costs of conservation tillage. Environmental Geology 39, 238-248.
319. Van Raij, B., Silva, N.M., Bataglia, O.C., Quaggio, J., Hiroce, R., Cantarella, H., Belinazzi, J.R., Jr, Dechen, A.R. and Trani, P.E. (1985) Recomendações de adubação e calagem para o Estado de São Paulo. Boletim Técnico 100, Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, Brazil, 107 pp.
320. Veseth, R., Saxton, K.E. and McCool, I.K. (1993) Tillage and residue management strategies for variable cropland. In: Proceedings. Precision Farming Variable Cropland for Profit and Conservation, Pullman, Washington, USA, pp. 33-45.
321. Vinther, F.P. (1992) Measured in simulated denitrification activity in a cropped sandy and loamy soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 14, 43-48.
322. Wagger, M.G. and Denton, H.P. (1989) Influence of cover crop and wheel traffic on soil physical properties in continuous no-till corn. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53(4), 120-121.
323. Wakelin, A.M., Lorraine-Colwill, D.F. and Preston, C. (2004) Glyphosate resistance in four different populations of Lolium rigidum is associated with reduced translocation of glyphosate to meristematic zones. Weed Research 44, 453-459.
324. Walsh, M.J. (2002) Growing the market: recent developments in agricultural sector carbon trading. In: Kimble, J.M. et al. (eds) Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 375-385.
325. Wander, M.M., Bidar, M.G. and Aref, S. (1998) Tillage impacts on depth distribution of total and particular organic matter in three Illinois soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 62, 1704-1711.
326. Wang, X., Gao, H.W. and Li, H.W. (2003) Runoff and soil erosion from farmland under conservation tillage. In: Proceedings of the International Soil Tillage Research Organisation 16th Triennial Conference, Brisbane, 13-18 July, Elsevier, Netherlands, pp. 1347-1353.
327. Webb, B., Blackwell, P., Riethmuller, G. and Lemon, J. (2000) Tramline Farming Systems Technical Manual. Bulletin 4607, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Perth, 88 pp.
328. West, T.O. and Marland, G. (2002) A synthesis of carbon sequestration, carbon emissions and net carbon flux in agriculture: comparing tillage practices in the United States. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 91, 217-232.
329. West, T.O. and Post, W.M. (2002) Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation: a global data analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66, 1930-1946.
330. Wilkins, D.E., Bolton, F. and Saxton, K.E. (1992) Evaluating seeders for conservation tillage production of peas. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 8(2), 165-170.
331. Wolkowski, R.P. (1990) Relationship between wheel-traffic-induced soil compaction, nutrient availability and crop growth: a review. Journal of Production Agriculture 3(4), 460-469.
332. Wolkowski, R.P. (1991) Corn growth response to K fertilization on three compacted soils. Soil and Tillage Research 21, 287-298.
333. Wuest, S.B. (2002) Water transfer from soil to seed: the role of vapor transport. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66(6), 1760-1763.
334. Yano, E.H. and Mello, L.M.M. (2000) Tamanho do fragmento de guandú (Cajanus cajan) manejado com triturador de palhas, rolo-faca e roçadora. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Agrícola, 29, Fortaleza, Anais. Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola.
335. Yavuzcan, H.G. (2000) Wheel traffic impact on soil conditions as influenced by tillage system in Central Anatolia. Soil and Tillage Research 54(3-4), 129-138.
336. Young, D.L., Kwon, T.J. and Young, F.L. (1994) Profit and risk for integrated conservation farming systems in the Palouse. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 49(6), 601-606