Environmental Duty of Care: From Ethical Principle Towards a Code of Practice for the Grazing Industry in Queensland (Australia)

Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 527-547

  Greiner, Romy ^a,b  

^a CHARLES DARWIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Agriculture; Conservation; Delbessie Agreement; Ecosystem services; Farmers; Land administration; Land tenure; Leasehold; Liability; Pastoralists; Stewardship

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; ETHICS; GRAZING; LAND TENURE; LANDHOLDING; LIABILITY; PASTORALISM;

AUSTRALIA; QUEENSLAND;

EID: 84890060855     PISSN: 11877863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10806-013-9475-6     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Aretino, B., Holland, P., Matysek, A., & Peterson, D. C. (2001). Cost sharing for biodiversity conservation: A conceptual framework. Productivity Commission Staff Research Paper. Canberra: AusInfo.
2. Arnalds, A. (2010). Farmers heal the land: A social licence for agriculture in Iceland. In J. Williams & P. Martin (Eds.), Defending the social licence of farming: Issues, challenges and new directions for agriculture (pp. 83-91). Collingwood, AU: CSIRO Publishing.
3. Bates, G. M. (2001). A duty of care for the protection of biodiversity on land. Consultancy Report to the Productivity Commission. Canberra: AusInfo.
4. Baumgart-Getz, A., Prokopy, L. S., & Floress, K. (2012). Why farmers adopt best management practice in the United States: A meta-analysis of the adoption literature. Journal of Environmental Management, 96(1), 17-25.
5. Bonilla-Moheno, M., Redo, D. J., Aide, T. M., Clark, M. L., & Grau, H. R. (2013). Vegetation change and land tenure in Mexico: A country-wide analysis. Land Use Policy, 30(1), 355-364.
6. Canadian Government. (1999). Environmental Protection Act. CEPA 1999. Canada.
7. Christensen, S. A., Duncan, W. D., Phillips, A., & O'Connor, P. (2013). From rights to responsibilities: reconceptualising carbon sequestration rights in Australia. Environmental and Planning Law Journal, 30(5), 403-421.
8. Cocklin, C., Mautner, N., & Dibden, J. (2007). Public policy, private landholders: Perspectives on policy mechanisms for sustainable land management. Journal of Environmental Management, 85(4), 986-998. doi: 10. 1016/j. jenvman. 2006. 11. 009.
9. Coglianese, C., & Kagan, R. A. (2007). Introduction. In C. Coglianese, & R. A. Kagan (Eds.), Regulation and regulatory processes (pp. xi-xxxvi). Aldershot (UK): Ashgate Publishing Limited.
10. Cradduck, L. M., & Blake, A. (2011). State of Origin: Queensland Crown Leasehold-lessons from New South Wales. Journal of New Business Ideas & Trends, 9, 1-10.
11. DERM. (2009). Delbessie Agreement-duty of care oblications. Brisbane: Department of Environment and Resource Management.
12. DERM. (2010). A Guide to Land Tenure under the Land Act 1994. Brisbane: State of Queensland, Department of Environment and Resource Management.
13. DERM. (2011a). Delbessie agreement (State Rural Leasehold Land Strategy): Guidelines for determining lease land condition. Version 2. 0. April 2011. Brisbane.
14. DERM. (2011b). Duty of care. http://www. derm. qld. gov. au/land/management/duty_of_care. html#codes_of_practice. Accessed 14 July 2012.
15. DPI. (1992). Beef property management on the Georgetown granite. In Q. D. o. P. Industries (Ed.). Mareeba, Qld.
16. DPI. (1993). Beef property management on the upper Einasleigh. In Q. D. o. P. Industries (Ed.). Mareeba, Qld.
17. DPI. (1994a). Beef property management in the Croyden area. In Q. D. o. P. Industries (Ed.). Mareeba, Qld.
18. DPI. (1994b). Beef property management in the Lower Mitchell. In Q. D. o. P. Industries (Ed.). Mareeba, Qld.
19. DPI. (1996a). Beef property management in the Chillagoe/Almaden area. In Q. D. o. P. Industries (Ed.). Mareeba, Qld.
20. DPI. (1996b). Beef property management on the Palmer/Mitchell junction. In Q. D. o. P. Industries (Ed.). Mareeba, Qld.
21. Earl, G., Curtis, A., & Allan, C. (2010a). Towards a duty of care for biodiversity. Environmental Management, 45, 682-696.
22. Earl, G., Curtis, A., Allan, C., & McDonald, S. (2010b). Social acceptability of a duty of care for biodiversity. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 17(1), 8-17.
23. EPA. (2001). Preparation of codes of practice for approval under the Environmental Protection Act 1994. http://www. epa. qld. gov. au/publications?id=506. Accessed 18 September 2008.
24. Feess, E., Muehlheusser, G., & Wohlschlegel, A. (2009). Environmental liability under uncertain causation. European Journal of Law and Economics, 28, 133-148.
25. Ferkany, M., & Whyte, K. P. (2012). The importance of participatory virtues in the future of environmental education. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 25(3), 419-434.
26. Fisher, D. E. (2000). Corporate liability for environmental harm in Australia. Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law, 4, 36-58.
27. Four Rivers Group. (2009). Environmental code of practice for graziers in the Northern Gulf region. Dated: 9 July 2009 Townsville, Qld: River Consulting.
28. Gardner, A. (1998). The duty of care for sustainable land management. The Australasian Journal of Natural Resources Law and Policy, 5(1), 29-63.
29. Garnett, S., Woinarski, J., Gerritsen, R., & Duff, G. (2008). Future options for North Australia. Darwin: Charles Darwin University Press.
30. Goulder, L. H., & Parry, I. W. H. (2008). Instrument choice in environmental policy. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 2(2), 152-174.
31. Greiner, R. (2010). The potential for a conservation economy in the tropical savannas based on 'payments for environmental services'. In R. Gerritson (Ed.), North Australian Political Economy (pp. 163-179). Darwin: Charles Darwin University.
32. Greiner, R., Gordon, I., & Cocklin, C. (2009). Ecosystem services from tropical savannas: Economic opportunities through payments for environmental services. The Rangeland Journal, 31(1), 51-59. doi: 10. 1071/RJ08067.
33. Greiner, R., & Gregg, D. (2011). Farmers' intrinsic motivations, barriers to the adoption of conservation practices and effectiveness of policy instruments: Empirical evidence from northern Australia. Land Use Policy, 28(1), 257-265.
34. Greiner, R., & Miller, O. (2008). Environmental duty of care. Research report for the Northern Gulf Resource Management Group. Townsville: River Consulting.
35. Gunningham, N., & Sinclair, D. (2005). Policy instrument choice and diffuse source pollution. Journal of Environmental Law, 17(1), 51-81.
36. Hajkowicz, S. (2007). Allocating scarce financial resources across regions for environmental management in Queensland. Australia. Ecological Economics, 61(2), 208-216.
37. Hassett, R., Peart, P., Bourne, G., Cannon, M., & Barber, D. (2010). Guidelines for determining lease land condition-Queensland's Delbessie Agreement (State Rural Leasehold Land Strategy). Brisbane: Department of Environment and Resource Management.
38. Herstein, O. J. (2010). Responsibility in negligence: Why the duty of care is not a duty "to try". Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, 23, 403-428.
39. Holmes, J. (2010). The multifunctional transition in Australia's tropical savannas: The emergence of consumption, protection and indigenous values. Geographical Research, 48, 265-280.
40. Holmes, J. H. (2011). Contesting the future of Cape York Peninsula. Australian Geographer, 42(1), 53-68.
41. Holmes, J. H., & Knight, L. D. P. (1994). Pastoral lease tenure in Australia: Historical relic or useful contemporary tool? The Rangeland Journal, 16(1), 106-121.
42. Hone, P., & Frazer, I. (2004). Resource management and duty of care. Agenda, 11, 195-209.
43. Hunter, D., & Salzman, J. (2007). Negligence in the air: The duty of care in climate change litigation. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 155(6), 1741-1794.
44. Industry Commission. (1998). A full repairing lease: Inquiry into ecologically sustainable management. Report 60. Canberra: AGPS.
45. Kempton, D. (2008). How secure is leasehold tenure?. Towsnville: Herron Todd White.
46. Kolstad, C. D., Ulen, T. S., & Johnson, G. V. (1990). Ex post liability for harm vs. ex ante safety regulation: Substitutes or complements? The American Economic Review, 80(4), 888-901.
47. Kraatz, M., Sullivan, S., Tapsall, S., Tubman, W., & O'Donnell, K. (2006). Perspectives on managing grazing country: Graziers talk about successfully managing their country, Northern Gulf region. Darwin: Tropical Savannas CRC.
48. Lockie, S. (2013). Market instruments, ecosystem services and property rights: Assumptions and conditions for sustained social and ecological benefits. Land Use Policy, 31(Themed Issue 1), 90-98.
49. Lockwood, M., Davidson, J., Curtis, A., Stratford, E., & Griffith, R. (2009). Multi-level environmental governance: Lessons from Australian natural resource management. Australian Geographer, 40(2), 169-186.
50. Martin, P., & Shepheard, M. (2011). What is meant by the social licence? In J. Williams & P. Martin (Eds.), Defending the social licence of farming: Issues, challenges and new directions for agriculture (pp. 3-11). Collingwood, AU: CSIRO Publishing.
51. McCullogh, M., & Musso, B. (2004). Healthy Rangelands: Principles for sustainable systems. Focus on Australia's Burdekin rangelands. Darwin: Tropical Savannas CRC.
52. McGrath, C. (2011). Synopsis of the Queensland environmental legal system (5th ed.). East Brisbane: Environmental Law Publishing.
53. Merrill-Sands, D., & Collion, M.-H. (1994). Farmers and researchers: The road to partnership. Agriculture and Human Values, 11(2-3), 26-37.
54. Mobbs, C., & Moore, K. (2002). Property: Rights and responsibilities-current Australian thinking. Canberra: Land & Water Australia.
55. NETREGS (2011). Duty of care legislation. www. netregs. gov. uk/netregs/95015. aspx. Accessed 24/06/2011.
56. NRMMC. (2001). National framework for the management and monitoring of Australia's native vegetation. Canberra: Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council.
57. Pannell, D. (2008). Public benefits, private benefits, and policy mechanism choice for land-use change for environmental benefits. Land Economics, 84, 225-240.
58. Patterson, J. J., Smith, C., & Bellamy, J. (2013). Understanding enabling capacities for managing the 'wicked problem'of nonpoint source water pollution in catchments: A conceptual framework. Journal of Environmental Management, 128, 441-452.
59. Puig, C., Greiner, R., Huchery, C., Perkins, I., Bowen, L., Collier, N., et al. (2011). Beyond cattle: Potential futures of the pastoral industry in the Northern Territory. The Rangeland Journal, 33(2), 181-194.
60. QLD. (2003a). Aboriginal cultural heritage Act 2003. (Vol. Act No. 79 of 2003). Brisbane: Queensland State Government.
61. QLD (2003b). Torres strait islander cultural heritage Act 2003. (Vol. Act No. 80 of 2003). Brisbane: Queensland State Government.
62. QLD. (2012a). Environmental protection Act 1994. Brisbane: Queensland State Government.
63. QLD. (2012b). Land Act 1994. Brisbane: Queensland Government.
64. Robinson, B. E., Holland, M. B., & Naughton-Treves, L. (2013). Does secure land tenure save forests? A meta-analysis of the relationship between land tenure and tropical deforestation. Global Environmental Change. doi: 10. 1016/j. gloenvcha. 2013. 05. 012.
65. Seymour, E., Pannell, D., Roberts, A., Marsh, S., & Wilkinson, R. (2008). Decision-making by regional bodies for natural resource management in Australia: Current processes and capacity gaps. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 15(4), 211-221.
66. Shepheard, M. L., & Martin, P. V. (2009a). The multiple meanings and practical problems with making a duty of care work for stewardship in agriculture. Macquarie Journal of International and Comparative Environmental Law, 6, 191-215.
67. Shepheard, M. L., & Martin, P. V. (2009b). A statutory duty of care and farmers' natural resource management. Paper presented at the XXV. European Congress and Colloquium of Agricultural Law, Cambridge, 23-26 September 2009.
68. Thompson, P. B. (1995). The spirit of the soil: Agriculture and environmental ethics (Vol. 1). London: Routledge.
69. Walters, B. B. (2012). Do property rights matter for conservation? Family land, forests and trees in Saint Lucia, West Indies. Human Ecology, 40(6), 863-878.
70. White, R. (2014). What is to be done about environmental crime? In B. A. Arrigo & H. Y. Bersot (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of international crime and justice studies (pp. 445-486). New York: Routledge.
71. Woinarski, J. C. Z., Mackey, B., Nix, H., & Traill, B. (2007). The nature of Northern Australia: Natural values, ecological processes and future prospects. Canberra: ANU E Press.
72. Xepapadeas, A. P. (1991). Environmental policy under imperfect information: Incentives and moral hazard. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 20(2), 113-126.
73. Yang, W., Bryan, B. A., MacDonald, D. H., Ward, J. R., Wells, G., Crossman, N. D., et al. (2010). A conservation industry for sustaining natural capital and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. Ecological Economics, 69(4), 680-689.
74. Young, M., Shi, T., & Crosthwaite, J. (2003). Duty of care: An instrument for increasing the effectiveness of catchment management. Melbourne: Department of Sustainability and the Environment (Victoria).