Do Property Rights Matter for Conservation? Family Land, Forests and Trees in Saint Lucia, West Indies

Human Ecology

Volumn 40, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 863-878

  Walters, Bradley B ^a  

^a MOUNT ALLISON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Common property; Forest transitions; Land tenure; St. Lucia; Tree planting

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE; AGROFORESTRY; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; LAND TENURE; LAND USE PLANNING; NATURE-SOCIETY RELATIONS; PROPERTY RIGHTS; RESOURCE USE; SMALLHOLDER; TREE; VEGETATION;

SAINT LUCIA; WINDWARD ISLANDS [LESSER ANTILLES];

EID: 84870296748     PISSN: 03007839     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10745-012-9541-0     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Acheson, J. A., and McCloskey, J. (2008). Causes of deforestation: The Maine case. Human Ecology 36: 909-922.
2. Agrawal, A. (2001). Common property institutions and sustainable governance of resources. World Development 29(10): 1649-1672.
3. Agrawal, A., and Benson, C. S. (2011). Common property theory and resource governance institutions: strengthening explanations of multiple outcomes. Environmental Conservation 38(2): 199-210.
4. Agrawal, A., and Gibson, C. C. (1999). Enchantment and disenchantment: The role of community in natural resource conservation. World Development 27(4): 629-649.
5. Alleyne, F. W. (ed.) (1994). Land Tenure and Development in the Eastern Caribbean: Proceedings of a Symposium. Carib Research and Publications Inc., Bridgetown, Barbados.
6. Angelsen, A., and Kaimowitz, D. (2004). Is agroforestry likely to reduce deforestation? In Schroth, G., da Fonseca, G. A. B., Harvey, C. A., Gascon, C., Vasconcelos, H. L., and Izac, A. N. (eds.), Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes. Island Press, Washington, D. C, pp. 87-106.
7. Barrow, C. (1992). Family Land and Development in St. Lucia. Monograph Series No. 1. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies. Cave Hill, Barbados.
8. Besson, J. (1987). A paradox in Caribbean attitudes to land. In Besson, J., and Momsen, J. (eds.), Land and Development in the Caribbean. Macmillan, London, pp. 13-45.
9. Besson, J., and Momsen, J. (eds.) (1987). Land and Development in the Caribbean. Macmillan, London.
10. Blaut, J. M., Blaut, R. P., Harman, N., and Moerman, M. (1959). A study of cultural determinants of soil erosion and conservation in the blue mountains of Jamaica. Social and Economic Studies 8(4): 403-420.
11. Bloch, P. C., Lastarria-Cornhiel, S., Griffith-Charles, C., Baptiste, C., and Baptiste, R. (2005). Property rights and land markets in St. Lucia. USAID/Development Alternatives, Inc./Land Tenure Center, Madison, Wisconsin.
12. Bonilla-Moheno, M., Redo, D. J., Aide, T. M., Clark, M. L., and Grau, H. R. (2013). Vegetation change and land tenure in Mexico: a country-wide analysis. Land Use Policy 30: 355-364.
13. Bottazzi, P., and Dao, H. (2013). On the road through the Bolivian Amazon: a multi-level land governance analysis of deforestation. Land Use Policy 30: 137-146.
14. Braithwaite, L. (1968). Social and political aspects of rural development in the West Indies. Social and Economic Studies 17(3): 264-275.
15. Brierley, J. S. (1985). A review of development strategies and programs of the Peoples' Revolutionary Government in Grenada, 1979-83. The Geographical Journal 151: 40-52.
16. Brierley, J. S. (1992). A study of land redistribution and the demise of Grenada's estate farming system 1940-1988. Journal of Rural Studies 8(1): 67-84.
17. Bruce, J. W. (1983). Family land tenure and agricultural development in St. Lucia. Research Paper No. 79. The Land Tenure Centre, Madison, Wisconsin.
18. Campbell, L. M. (2007). Local conservation practice and global discourse: A political ecology of sea turtle conservation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97(2): 313-334.
19. Campbell, B., Mandondo, A., Nemarundwe, N., Sithole, B., De Jong, W., Luckbert, M., and Matose, F. (2001). Challenges to proponents of common property resource systems: Despairing voices from the social forests of Zimbabwe. World Development 29(4): 589-600.
20. Castro, A. P. (1991). Indigenous Kikuyu agroforestry: A case study of Kirinyaga, Kenya. Human Ecology 19(1): 1-18.
21. Clarke, E. (1953). Land tenure and the family in four selected communities in Jamaica. Social and Economic Studies 1(4): 81-118.
22. Cole, J. (1994). Socio-political problems of the tenurial system in St. Lucia. In Alleyne, F. W. (ed.), Land Tenure and Development in the Eastern Caribbean: Proceedings of a Symposium. Carib Research and Publications Inc., Bridgetown, Barbados, pp. 32-44.
23. Crichlow, M. A. (1994). An alternative approach to family land tenure in the Anglophone Caribbean: The case of St. Lucia. New West Indian Guide 68(1): 77-99.
24. Davis-Morrison, V. (1998). The sustainability of small-scale agricultural systems in the Millbank area of the Rio Grande Valley, Portland, Jamaica. In McGregor, D., Barker, D., and Evans, S. L. (eds.), Resource Sustainability and Caribbean Development. The University of the West Indies Press, Kingston, Jamaica, pp. 296-316.
25. Degrande, A., Schreckenberg, K., Mbosso, C., Anegbeh, P., Okafor, V., and Kanmegne, J. (2006). Farmers' fruit tree-growing strategies in the humid forest zone of Cameroon and Nigeria. Agroforestry Systems 67: 159-175.
26. Dewees, P. A., and Saxena, N. C. (1997). Wood product markets as incentive for farmer tree growing. In Arnold, J. E. M., and Dewees, P. A. (eds.), Farms, Trees and Farmers: Responses to Agricultural Intensification. EARTHSCAN, London, pp. 198-241.
27. Dolisca, F., McDaniel, J. M., Teeter, L. D., and Jolly, C. M. (2007). Land tenure, population pressure, and deforestation in Haiti: The case of Foret des Pins Reserve. Journal of Forest Economics 13: 277-289.
28. Dujon, V. (1997). Communal property and land markets: agricultural development policy in St. Lucia. World Development 25(9): 1529-1540.
29. Dujon, V. (2000). Caribbean peasants in the global economy: Popular resistance to the privatization of communal land in the twentieth century and beyond. Global Development Studies 2(1-2): 199-221.
30. Elmqvist, T., Pyykonen, M., Tengo, M., Rakotondrasoa, F., Rabakonandrianina, E., and Radimilahy, C. (2007). Patterns of loss and regeneration of tropical dry forest in Madagascar: The social institutional context. PLoS One 2(5): e402 doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0000402.
31. Feeny, D., Berkes, F., McCay, B. J., and Acheson, J. M. (1990). The tragedy of the commons: twenty-two years later. Human Ecology 18: 1-19.
32. Finkel, H. J. (1964). Patterns of land tenure in the Leeward and Windward Islands and their relevance to problems of agricultural development in the West Indies. Economic Geography 40(2): 163-172.
33. Finkel, H. J. (1971). Patterns of land tenure in the Leeward and Windward Islands. In Horrowitz, M. (ed.), Peoples and Cultures of the Caribbean: An Anthropological Reader. Natural History Press, Garden City, New York.
34. Fortmann, L. (1985). The tree tenure factor in agroforestry with particular reference to Africa. Agroforestry Systems 2: 229-251.
35. Giordano, M. (2003). The geography of the commons: the role of scale and space. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93(2): 365-375.
36. Godoy, R. A. (1992). Determinants of smallholder commercial tree cultivation. World Development 20(5): 713-725.
37. Gonzalez-Insuasti, M. S., Martorell, C., and Caballero, J. (2008). Factors that influence the intensity of non-agricultural management of plant resources. Agroforestry Systems 74: 1-15.
38. GOSL (1998). Biodiversity Country Study Report of St. Lucia. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment. Government of St. Lucia and UNEP, Castries.
39. GOSL (2007). 2007 St. Lucia Census of Agriculture, Final Report. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Government of St. Lucia, Castries.
40. GOSL (2011). Economic and Social Review, 2010. Ministry of Finance, Economic Affairs and National Development. Government of St. Lucia, Castries.
41. Grabbatin, B., and Stephens, J. L. (2011). Wigfall v. Mobley et al.: Heirs property rights in family and in law. Disclosure: A Journal of Social Theory 20: 133-150.
42. Grau, H. R., and Aide, M. (2008). Globalization and land-use transitions in Latin America. Ecology and Society 13(2): 16.
43. Graveson, R. (2005). St. Lucia Plant List by Local Name. Unpublished electronic data base. http://www. saintlucianplants. com/index. html.
44. Griffith-Charles, C. (2011). The application of the social tenure domain model (STDM) to family land in Trinidad and Tobago. Land Use Policy 28: 514-522.
45. Grossman, L. S. (1997). Soil conservation, political ecology, and technological change on Saint Vincent. The Geographical Review 87(3): 353-374.
46. Harrington, D. E. (1987). St. Lucia land registration and titling project. In: Proceedings of a Symposium on Land Registration, Tenure Reform and Land Information Systems in the Caribbean (October 6-8, 1986, Castries, Saint Lucia). Government of St. Lucia, Castries and Organization of American States, Washington, DC. pp. 125-127.
47. Hecht, S. B., Kandal, S., Gomes, I., Cuellar, N., and Rosa, H. (2005). Globalization, forest resurgence, and environmental politics in El Salvador. World Development 34(2): 308-323.
48. Helmer, E. H., Kennaway, T., Pedreros, D., Clark, M., Marcano, T., Tieszen, L., Ruzycki, T., Schill, S., and Carrington, S. (2008). Land cover and forest formation distributions for St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Grenada and Barbados from satellite imagery. Caribbean Journal of Science 44(2): 175-198.
49. Howard, R. (1974). Flora of the Lesser Antilles: Leeward and Windward Islands, 6 Vols. Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plains, Mass.
50. Johnson, C. (2004). Uncommon ground: The poverty of history in common property discourse. Development and Change 35(3): 407-433.
51. Jones, P. J. S. (2012). Governing protected areas to fulfill biodiversity conservation obligations: from Habermasian ideals to a more instrumental reality. Environment, Development and Sustainability doi: 10. 1007/s10668-012-9375-3.
52. Kimber, C. T. (1988). Martinique Revisited: The Changing Plant Geographies of a West Indian Island. Texas A & M University Press, College Station.
53. Lambin, E. F., and Meyfroidt, P. (2010). Land use transitions: Socio-ecological feedback versus socio-economic change. Land Use Policy 27: 108-118.
54. LeFranc, E. R.-M. (1979). Rural Land Tenure Systems in St. Lucia and Their Relevance to Agricultural Development. Institute of Social and Economic Research. University of the West Indies, Kingston Jamaica.
55. LeFranc, E. (1994). Discussion. In Alleyne, F. W. (ed.), Land Tenure and Development in the Eastern Caribbean: Proceedings of a Symposium. Carib Research and Publications Inc., Bridgetown, Barbados, pp. 57-60.
56. Liverpool, N. (1994). Land laws and their relationship to farmer incentives and productivity. In Alleyne, F. W. (ed.), Land Tenure and Development in the Eastern Caribbean: Proceedings of a Symposium. Carib Research and Publications Inc., Bridgetown, Barbados, pp. 7-28.
57. Lowenthal, D. (1961). Caribbean views of Caribbean land. The Canadian Geographer 5(2): 1-9.
58. Lowenthal, D. (1972). West Indian Societies. Oxford University Press, London.
59. Ludewigs, T., D'Antona, A., Brondizio, E., and Hetrick, S. (2009). Agrarian structure and land-cover change along the lifespan of three colonization areas in the Brazilian Amazon. World Development 37: 1348-1359.
60. Lugo, A. E., and Helmer, E. (2004). Emerging forests on abandoned land: Puerto Rico's new forests. Forest Ecology and Management 190: 145-161.
61. Mansfield, B. (2004). Neoliberalism in the oceans: 'rationalization', property rights, and the commons question. Geoforum 35: 313-326.
62. Marshall, W. K. (1968). Notes on peasant development in the West Indies since 1838. Social and Economic Studies 17(3): 252-263.
63. Marshall, O. R. (1971). West Indian land law: conspectus and reform. Social and Economic Studies 20(1): 1-14.
64. Mathurin, D. C. E. (1967). An unfavorable system of land tenure: the case of St. Lucia. Proceedings of the Second West Indian Agricultural Economics Conference. University of the West Indies, Trinidad, pp. 139-152.
65. McCay, B. J., and Acheson, J. A. (eds.) (1987). The Question of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
66. McCay, B. J., and Jentoft, S. (1998). Market or community failure? Critical perspectives on common property research. Human Organization 57(1): 21-29.
67. Mills, B. (2007). "Leave to come back": the importance of family land in a transnational Caribbean community. In Besson, J., and Momsen, J. (eds.), Caribbean Land and Development Revisited. Palgrave MacMillan, New York, pp. 233-241.
68. Mintz, S. W. (1974). Caribbean Transformations. Aldine, Chicago.
69. Mycoo, M. (2005). Minimising foreign control of land in an era of globalization: prospects for St. Lucia. Land Use Policy 22: 345-357.
70. Nagendra, H. (2007). Drivers of reforestation in human-dominated forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(39): 15218-15223.
71. O'Loughlin, C. (1968). Economic and Political Change in the Leeward and Windward Islands. Yale University Press, New Haven.
72. OAS (1986). Saint Lucia Natural Resources and Agricultural Development Project: Studies and proposals for the implementation of a land registration programme 1981. Department of Regional Development, Executive Secretariat for Economic and Social Affairs. Organization of American States, Washington, DC.
73. OAS (1991). Integrated Land Development: The Case of the Mabouya Valley in Saint Lucia. Department of Regional Development and Environment, Executive Secretariat for Economic and Social Affairs. Organization of American States, Washington, DC.
74. Oliveira, J. A. P. (2008). Property rights, land conflicts and deforestation in the Eastern Amazon. Forest Policy and Economics 10: 303-315.
75. Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
76. Pattanayak, S. K., Mercer, D. E., Sills, E., and Yang, J.-C. (2003). Taking stock of agroforestry adoption studies. Agroforestry Systems 57: 173-186.
77. Place, F. (2009). Land tenure and agricultural productivity in Africa: A comparative analysis of the economic literature and recent policy strategies and reforms. World Development 37(8): 1326-1336.
78. Raintree, J. B. (ed.) (1987). Land, Trees and Tenure. International Center for Research on Agroforestry. Nairobi and the Land Tenure Center, Madison, Wisconsin.
79. Rojas, E. (1984). Agriculture land in the Eastern Caribbean. Land Use Policy 1(1): 39-54.
80. Rojas, E., and Meganck, R. A. (1987). Land distribution and land development in the Eastern Caribbean. Land Use Policy 1987: 157-167.
81. Rubenstein, H. (1975). The utilization of arable land in an eastern Caribbean valley. Canadian Journal of Sociology 1(2): 157-167.
82. Rubenstein, H. (1987). Folk and mainstream systems of land tenure in St. Vincent. In Besson, J., and Momsen, J. (eds.), Land and Development in the Caribbean. Macmillan, London, pp. 70-87.
83. Rudel, T. K. (1995). When do property rights matter? Open access, informal social controls, and deforestation in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Human Organization 54(2): 187-194.
84. Rudel, T. K. (2005). Tropical Forests: Regional Paths of Destruction and Regeneration in the Late Twentieth Century. Columbia University Press, New York.
85. Rudel, T. K., Perez-Lugo, M., and Zichal, H. (2000). When fields revert to forest: Development and spontaneous reforestation in post-war Puerto Rico. Professional Geographer 52: 386-397.
86. Rudel, T. K., Coomes, O. T., Moran, E., Achard, F., Angelsen, A., Xu, J. C., and Lambin, E. (2005). Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change. Global Environmental Change 15: 23-31.
87. Scriven, M. (2008). A summative evaluation of RTC methodology: and an alternative approach to causal research. Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation 5(9): 11-24.
88. Shearer, E. B., Lastarria-Cornhiel, S., and Mesbah, D. (1991). The reform of rural land markets in Latin America and the Caribbean: research, theory, and policy implications. LTC Paper 141. University of Wisconsin Land Tenure Center, Madison.
89. Simmons, C. S., Walker, R. T., and Wood, C. H. (2002). Tree planting by small producers in the tropics: A comparative study of Brazil and Panama. Agroforestry Systems 56: 89-105.
90. Sloan, S. (2007). Fewer people may not mean more forest for Latin American forest frontiers. Biotropica 39(4): 443-446.
91. Smith, R. T. (1955). Land tenure in three negro villages in British Guiana. Social and Economic Studies 4(1): 64-81.
92. Smith, M. G. (1956). The transformation of land rights by transmission in Carriacou. Social and Economic Studies 5(2): 103-138.
93. Stanfield, D. (1987). Land registration, tenure security and agricultural development. In: Proceedings of a Symposium on Land Registration, Tenure Reform and Land Information Systems in the Caribbean (October 6-8, 1986, Castries, Saint Lucia). Government of St. Lucia, Castries and Organization of American States, Washington, DC, pp. 23-34.
94. Tanner, A. (2007). On understanding too quickly: Colonial and postcolonial misrepresentation of indigenous Fijian land tenure. Human Organization 66(1): 69-77.
95. Tucker, C. M. (1999). Private versus common property forests: Forest conditions and tenure in a Honduran community. Human Ecology 27(2): 201-230.
96. Tucker, C. M., Randolph, J. C., and Castellanos, E. J. (2007). Institutions, biophysical factors and history: an integrative analysis of private and common property forests in Guatemala and Honduras. Human Ecology 35: 259-274.
97. Vargas, A., and Stanfield, D. (2003a). St. Lucia country study of land administration and management issues. University of Wisconsin Land Tenure Center and Terra Institute Ltd, Wisconsin.
98. Vargas, A., and Stanfield, D. (2003b). St. Lucia country study of land administration and management issues. In Williams, A. N. (ed.), Land in the Caribbean. Proceedings of a workshop on land policy, administration and management in the English-speaking Caribbean. University of Wisconsin Land Tenure Center and Caribbean Land Policy Network, Madison, pp. 281-307.
99. Vayda, A. P., and Walters, B. B. (1999). Against political ecology. Human Ecology 27: 167-179.
100. Vayda, A. P., and Walters, B. B. (eds.) (2011). Causal Explanation for Social Sciences: A Reader. AltaMira Press, Lantham, MD.
101. Walters, B. B. (2004). Local management of mangrove forests in the Philippines: Successful conservation or efficient resource exploitation? Human Ecology 32: 177-195.
102. Walters, B. B. (2005). Ecological effects of small-scale cutting on Philippine mangrove forests. Forest Ecology and Management 206: 331-348.
103. Walters, B. B. (2007). Competing use of marine space in a modernizing fishery: Salmon farming meets lobster fishing on the Bay of Fundy. The Canadian Geographer 51(2): 139-159.
104. Walters, B. B., (2012). An event-based methodology for climate change and human-environment research. Danish Journal of Geography (in press).
105. Walters, B. B., and Hansen, L. (2013). Farmed Landscapes, Trees and Forests Conservation in St. Lucia, West Indies. Environmental Conservation (in press).
106. Walters, B. B., and Vayda, A. P. (2009). Event ecology, causal historical analysis and human-environment research. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 99: 534-553.
107. Walters, B. B., Cadelina, A. M., Cardano, A., and Visitacion, E. (1999). Community history and rural development: Why some farmers participate more readily than others. Agricultural Systems 59: 193-214.
108. Wannasai, N., and Shrestha, R. P. (2008). Role of land tenure security and farm household characteristics on land use change in the Prasae Watershed, Thailand. Land Use Policy 25: 214-224.
109. Welch, B. (1968). Population density and emigration in Dominica. The Geographical Journal 134(2): 227-235.
110. White, T., and Runge, C. (1994). Common property and collective action: Lessons from cooperative watershed management in Haiti. Economic Development and Cultural Change 43: 1-41.
111. Wilson, K. B. (1989). Trees in fields in Southern Zimbabwe. Journal of Southern African Studies 15(2): 369-383.
112. Young, E. (2001). State intervention and abuse of the commons: fisheries development in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 91(2): 283-306.
113. Zar, J. H. (1984). Biostatistical Analysis, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
114. Zuvekas, C. (1979). Land tenure in Haiti and its policy implications: a survey of the Literature. Social and Economic Studies 28(4): 1-30.