From rights to responsibilities: Reconceptualising carbon sequestration rights in Australia

Environmental and Planning Law Journal

Volumn 30, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 403-421

  O'Connor, Pamela ^a   Christensen, Sharon ^b   Duncan, W D ^b   Phillips, Angela ^b  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON EMISSION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION; LAND MANAGEMENT;

AUSTRALIA;

EID: 84883815706     PISSN: 0813300X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (147)

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2. The Kyoto Protocol enumerates particular obligations relating to emissions trading, and biosequestration specifically: Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature 11 December 1997, 37 ILM 22 (entered into force on 16 February 2005) (Kyoto Protocol), Arts 2, 3, 17.
3. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature 9 May 1992, 31 ILM 849 (entered into force on 21 March 1994) (UNFCCC), Art 4. For definitions of "sinks" and "reservoirs", see UNFCCC, Art 1.
4. Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld)
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13. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), s 27.
14. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), ss 11, 15.
15. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), ss 5, 15(2)(b)(i), 27.
16. Forestry Act 1959 (Qld), s 61M.
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20. Barrington's Case (1611) 8 Co Rep 126b.
21. England C, "Mining Zones for Flinders Wilderness Shelved", The Advertiser (23 October 2010) p 79.
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27. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), s 150.
28. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), s 43.
29. England C, "Mining Zones for Flinders Wilderness Shelved", The Advertiser (23 October 2010) p 79.
30. England C, "Mining Zones for Flinders Wilderness Shelved", The Advertiser (23 October 2010) p 79.
31. England C, "Mining Zones for Flinders Wilderness Shelved", The Advertiser (23 October 2010) p 79.
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34. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), Pt 3, Div 2.
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47. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), s 88(3).
48. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), ss 88(1), (2). The false or misleading information must have been contained, or given in connection with, an application under the Act or the regulations, contained in an offsets report, or given in certain notifications required under Pt 6 of the Act: s 88(1).
49. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), ss 36, 89.
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51. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), ss 65(1)(a)-(xvii).
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56. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), ss 90(4), 91(4), 97. The Regulator may also declare this obligation where the Regulator is satisfied that it is likely the person will not comply with the relinquishment requirement within 90 days, or it is likely that a relinquishment requirement will be issued and not complied with.
57. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), s 97(9).
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59. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), s 97(10).
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62. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), ss 97(9)-(12), 221.
63. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), s 100.
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65. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), ss 87, 97(14).
66. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), s 99.
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74. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), s 76.
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78. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), s 91(1)(f) mentioning reasonable steps. The Explanatory Memorandum states: "In many cases, carbon stores may recover naturally after drought or bushfire with only modest intervention by the project proponent. In some cases, active re-establishment may be necessary": Explanatory Memorandum, Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Bill 2011 (Cth), p 66. This still does not provide detailed guidance.
79. England C, "Mining Zones for Flinders Wilderness Shelved", The Advertiser (23 October 2010) p 79.
80. Forestry Act 1959 (Qld), s 61M.
81. Land Title Act 1994 (Qld), s 97N.
82. Conveyancing Act 1919 (NSW), s 87A.
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84. Forest Property Act 2000 (SA), ss 3A, 5.
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88. Permanent Trustee Australia Ltd v Shand (1992) 27 NSWLR 426.
89. Conveyancing Act 1919 (NSW), ss 46, 47.
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94. Land Title Act 1994 (Qld), s 97N.
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96. Forestry Act 1959 (Qld), s 61M(1) merely confers "a right to deal with carbon abatement product on the land" but not any incidental rights of access.
97. Conveyancing Act 1919 (NSW), s 87A (definition of "forestry covenant" (a), (d).
98. Forestry Rights (Registration) Act 1990 (Tas), s 3.
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129. Forestry Act 1959 (Qld), s 61J(3)(b)(ii).
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137. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011 (Cth), ss 27(4)(k). "Eligible interest" includes: a registered estate in fee simple, or any other legal estate or interest, in the whole or a part of the area of land; and a registered mortgage or charge over an interest in the land: s 44.
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