메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 387-410

Light and Broken Bones: Examining and Interpreting Bone Loss and Osteoporosis in Past Populations

Author keywords

Cortical histomorphometry; Gross examination of fractures; Osteoporotic related fractures

Indexed keywords


EID: 84889862420     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470245842.ch12     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (49)

References (154)
  • 1
    • 0026602259 scopus 로고
    • Crosscultural association between dietary animal protein and hip fracture: a hypothesis
    • Abelow BJ, Holford TR, Insogna KL. 1992. Crosscultural association between dietary animal protein and hip fracture: a hypothesis. Calcif Tissue Int 50(1):14-8.
    • (1992) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-18
    • Abelow, B.J.1    Holford, T.R.2    Insogna, K.L.3
  • 2
    • 0029976618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in bone mineral density and calcium metabolism in breastfeeding women: a one year follow-up study
    • Affinito P, Tommaselli GA, di Carlo C, Guida F, Nappi C. 1996. Changes in bone mineral density and calcium metabolism in breastfeeding women: a one year follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:2314-2318.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 2314-2318
    • Affinito, P.1    Tommaselli, G.A.2    di Carlo, C.3    Guida, F.4    Nappi, C.5
  • 3
    • 0029807558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone quantity and quality in past populations
    • Agarwal SC, Grynpas MD. 1996. Bone quantity and quality in past populations. Anat Rec 246: 423-432.
    • (1996) Anat Rec , vol.246 , pp. 423-432
    • Agarwal, S.C.1    Grynpas, M.D.2
  • 4
    • 67049101384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evolutionary and biocultural approach to understanding the effects of reproductive factors on the female skeleton
    • Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors, New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press
    • Agarwal SC, Stuart-Macadam P. 2003. An evolutionary and biocultural approach to understanding the effects of reproductive factors on the female skeleton. In: Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press. pp. 105-116.
    • (2003) Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective , pp. 105-116
    • Agarwal, S.C.1    Stuart-Macadam, P.2
  • 5
    • 3543054789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medieval trabecular bone architecture: the influence of age, sex, and lifestyle
    • Agarwal SC, Dumitriu M, Tomlinson GA, Grynpas MD. 2004. Medieval trabecular bone architecture: the influence of age, sex, and lifestyle. Am J Phys Anthropol 124(1):33-44.
    • (2004) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.124 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-44
    • Agarwal, S.C.1    Dumitriu, M.2    Tomlinson, G.A.3    Grynpas, M.D.4
  • 6
    • 0037120867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of bone densitometry: clinical applications
    • Bates DW, Black DM, Cummings SR. 2002. Clinical use of bone densitometry: clinical applications. JAMA 288(15):1898-1900.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.15 , pp. 1898-1900
    • Bates, D.W.1    Black, D.M.2    Cummings, S.R.3
  • 8
    • 33644847724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary protein: an essential nutrient for bone health
    • Bonjour JP. 2005. Dietary protein: an essential nutrient for bone health. J Am Coll Nutr 24(6 Suppl.): 526S-536S.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.24 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Bonjour, J.P.1
  • 10
    • 0038890192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of historical and archaeological evidence for age-related bone loss and osteoporosis
    • Brickley M. 2002. An investigation of historical and archaeological evidence for age-related bone loss and osteoporosis. Int J Osteoarchaeol 12: 364-371.
    • (2002) Int J Osteoarchaeol , vol.12 , pp. 364-371
    • Brickley, M.1
  • 11
    • 32744468231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques for the investigation of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis in archaeological bone
    • Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors, New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press
    • Brickley M, Agarwal SC. 2003. Techniques for the investigation of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis in archaeological bone. In: Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press. pp. 157-172.
    • (2003) Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective , pp. 157-172
    • Brickley, M.1    Agarwal, S.C.2
  • 12
    • 0033080951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of changes in trabecular bone structure with age in an archaeological population
    • Brickley M, Howell PG. 1999. Measurement of changes in trabecular bone structure with age in an archaeological population. J Archeol Sci 26: 151-157.
    • (1999) J Archeol Sci , vol.26 , pp. 151-157
    • Brickley, M.1    Howell, P.G.2
  • 13
    • 0011124426 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal evidence of changes in subsistence activities between the Archaic and Mississippian time periods in northwestern Alabama
    • Powell ML, Bridges PS, Mires AMW, editors, Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press
    • Bridges PS. 1991. Skeletal evidence of changes in subsistence activities between the Archaic and Mississippian time periods in northwestern Alabama. In: Powell ML, Bridges PS, Mires AMW, editors. What Mean These Bones: Studies in Southeastern Bioarchaeology. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. pp. 89-101.
    • (1991) What Mean These Bones: Studies in Southeastern Bioarchaeology , pp. 89-101
    • Bridges, P.S.1
  • 14
    • 0141892581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circularly polarized light standards for investigations of collagen fiber orientation in bone
    • Bromage TG, Goldman HM, McFarlin SC, Warshaw J, Boyde A, Riggs CM. 2003. Circularly polarized light standards for investigations of collagen fiber orientation in bone. Anat Rec 274(1):157-168.
    • (2003) Anat Rec , vol.274 , Issue.1 , pp. 157-168
    • Bromage, T.G.1    Goldman, H.M.2    McFarlin, S.C.3    Warshaw, J.4    Boyde, A.5    Riggs, C.M.6
  • 15
    • 0025373932 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of skeletal histological change through time: comparison of an archaic native American population with modern populations
    • Burr DB, Ruff CB, Thompson DD. 1990. Patterns of skeletal histological change through time: comparison of an archaic native American population with modern populations. Anat Rec 226: 307-313.
    • (1990) Anat Rec , vol.226 , pp. 307-313
    • Burr, D.B.1    Ruff, C.B.2    Thompson, D.D.3
  • 16
    • 0036309121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of the organic matrix to bone's material properties
    • Burr DB. 2002. The contribution of the organic matrix to bone's material properties. Bone 31(1):8-11.
    • (2002) Bone , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-11
    • Burr, D.B.1
  • 17
    • 3042818397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone quality: understanding what matters
    • Burr DB. 2004. Bone quality: understanding what matters. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 4(2): 184-186.
    • (2004) J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 184-186
    • Burr, D.B.1
  • 18
    • 0000307299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical measurement in age-related bone loss
    • Rosen CJ, Glowacki J, Bilizekian JP, editors, San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press
    • Burr DB, Turner CH. 1999. Biomechanical measurement in age-related bone loss. In: Rosen CJ, Glowacki J, Bilizekian JP, editors. The Aging Skeleton. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press. pp. 301-311.
    • (1999) The Aging Skeleton , pp. 301-311
    • Burr, D.B.1    Turner, C.H.2
  • 19
    • 0030682092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milk intake and bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls: randomised, controlled intervention trial
    • Cadogan J, Eastell R, Jones N, Barker ME. 1997. Milk intake and bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls: randomised, controlled intervention trial. BMJ 15(315):1255-1260.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.15 , Issue.315 , pp. 1255-1260
    • Cadogan, J.1    Eastell, R.2    Jones, N.3    Barker, M.E.4
  • 20
    • 0028726444 scopus 로고
    • The effects of high phosphorus intake on calcium homeostasis
    • Draper HH, editor, New York: Plenum Press
    • Calvo MS. 1994. The effects of high phosphorus intake on calcium homeostasis. In: Draper HH, editor. Advances in Nutritional Research. Vol. 9. New York: Plenum Press. pp. 183-207.
    • (1994) Advances in Nutritional Research , vol.9 , pp. 183-207
    • Calvo, M.S.1
  • 21
    • 0348250588 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal evidence for prehistoric subsistence adaptation in the central Ohio River Valley
    • Cohen, MN, Armelegos GJ, editors, New York: Academic Press
    • Cassidy CM. 1984. Skeletal evidence for prehistoric subsistence adaptation in the central Ohio River Valley. In: Cohen, MN, Armelegos GJ, editors. Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture. New York: Academic Press. pp. 307-345.
    • (1984) Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture , pp. 307-345
    • Cassidy, C.M.1
  • 23
    • 0033550968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality after all major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational study
    • Center JR, Nguyen TV, Schneider D, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA. 1999. Mortality after all major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational study. Lancet 13(353):878-882.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.13 , Issue.353 , pp. 878-882
    • Center, J.R.1    Nguyen, T.V.2    Schneider, D.3    Sambrook, P.N.4    Eisman, J.A.5
  • 26
    • 0003981785 scopus 로고
    • Health and the Rise of Civilization
    • New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press
    • Cohen MN. 1989. Health and the Rise of Civilization. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
    • (1989)
    • Cohen, M.N.1
  • 27
    • 0028146983 scopus 로고
    • Connectivity of cancellous bone: assessment and mechanical implications
    • Compston JE. 1994. Connectivity of cancellous bone: assessment and mechanical implications. Bone 15:463-466.
    • (1994) Bone , vol.15 , pp. 463-466
    • Compston, J.E.1
  • 28
    • 0027217259 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of fragility fractures: is there a role for bone quality?
    • Cooper C. 1993. The epidemiology of fragility fractures: is there a role for bone quality? Calcif Tissue Int 53(Suppl 1):S23-S26.
    • (1993) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL.1
    • Cooper, C.1
  • 30
    • 0028840178 scopus 로고
    • Calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism during pregnancy, lactation, and postweaning: a longitudinal study
    • Cross NA, Hillman LS, Allen SH, Krause GF, Vieira NE. 1995. Calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism during pregnancy, lactation, and postweaning: a longitudinal study. Am J Clin Nutr 61:514-523.
    • (1995) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.61 , pp. 514-523
    • Cross, N.A.1    Hillman, L.S.2    Allen, S.H.3    Krause, G.F.4    Vieira, N.E.5
  • 31
    • 4243418427 scopus 로고
    • Case-control study of dairy product consumption and risk of hip fracture
    • Cummings RG, Klineberg RJ. 1994. Case-control study of dairy product consumption and risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol 139:S2.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139
    • Cummings, R.G.1    Klineberg, R.J.2
  • 32
    • 0037120864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of bone densitometry: scientific review
    • Cummings SR, Bates D, Black DM. 2002. Clinical use of bone densitometry: scientific review. JAMA 288(15):1889-1897.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.15 , pp. 1889-1897
    • Cummings, S.R.1    Bates, D.2    Black, D.M.3
  • 33
    • 0141453861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many adaptations of bone
    • Currey JD. 2003. The many adaptations of bone. J Biomech 36(10):1487-1495.
    • (2003) J Biomech , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 1487-1495
    • Currey, J.D.1
  • 34
    • 0025871580 scopus 로고
    • Calcium supplementation and bone loss: a review of controlled clinical trails
    • Dawson-Hughes B. 1991. Calcium supplementation and bone loss: a review of controlled clinical trails. Am J Clin Nutr 54:274S-280S.
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.54
    • Dawson-Hughes, B.1
  • 35
    • 0038266166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium and protein in bone health
    • Dawson-Hughes B. 2003. Calcium and protein in bone health. Proc Nutr Soc 62(2):505-509.
    • (2003) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 505-509
    • Dawson-Hughes, B.1
  • 36
    • 0030960399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hip fracture and osteoporosis in a XIIth dynasty female skeleton from Lisht, Upper Egypt
    • Dequeker J, Ortner DJ, Stix AI, Cheng X, Brys P, Boonen S. 1997. Hip fracture and osteoporosis in a XIIth dynasty female skeleton from Lisht, Upper Egypt. J Bone Miner Res 12:881-888.
    • (1997) J Bone Miner Res , vol.12 , pp. 881-888
    • Dequeker, J.1    Ortner, D.J.2    Stix, A.I.3    Cheng, X.4    Brys, P.5    Boonen, S.6
  • 37
    • 0014472405 scopus 로고
    • Femoral cortical involution in three Nubian archaeological populations
    • Dewey J, Bartley M, Armelagos G. 1969a. Femoral cortical involution in three Nubian archaeological populations. Hum Biol 41:13-28.
    • (1969) Hum Biol , vol.41 , pp. 13-28
    • Dewey, J.1    Bartley, M.2    Armelagos, G.3
  • 38
    • 0014549369 scopus 로고
    • Rates of femoral cortical bone loss in two Nubian populations: utilizing normalized and non-normalized data
    • Dewey J, Bartley M, Armelagos G. 1969b. Rates of femoral cortical bone loss in two Nubian populations: utilizing normalized and non-normalized data. Clin Ortho 65:61-66.
    • (1969) Clin Ortho , vol.65 , pp. 61-66
    • Dewey, J.1    Bartley, M.2    Armelagos, G.3
  • 39
    • 0025831848 scopus 로고
    • Bone density changes during pregnancy and lactation in active women: a longitudinal study
    • Drinkwater BL, Chesnut CH. 1991. Bone density changes during pregnancy and lactation in active women: a longitudinal study. Bone Miner 14:153-160.
    • (1991) Bone Miner , vol.14 , pp. 153-160
    • Drinkwater, B.L.1    Chesnut, C.H.2
  • 40
    • 0023879112 scopus 로고
    • Stone agers in the fast lane: chronic degenerative diseases in evolutionary perspective
    • Eaton SB, Konner MJ, Shostak M. 1988. Stone agers in the fast lane: chronic degenerative diseases in evolutionary perspective. Am J Med 84: 739-749.
    • (1988) Am J Med , vol.84 , pp. 739-749
    • Eaton, S.B.1    Konner, M.J.2    Shostak, M.3
  • 41
    • 0025775865 scopus 로고
    • Calcium in evolutionary perspective
    • Eaton SB, Nelson DA. 1991. Calcium in evolutionary perspective. Am J Clin Nutr 54:281S-287S.
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.54
    • Eaton, S.B.1    Nelson, D.A.2
  • 42
    • 0031040829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who are candidates for prevention and treatment for osteoporosis?
    • EFFO, NOF. 1997. Who are candidates for prevention and treatment for osteoporosis? Osteoporos Int 7:1.
    • (1997) Osteoporos Int , vol.7 , pp. 1
    • Effo, N.O.F.1
  • 45
    • 0017199382 scopus 로고
    • Cortical bone loss with age in three native American populations
    • Ericksen MF. 1976. Cortical bone loss with age in three native American populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 45:443-452.
    • (1976) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.45 , pp. 443-452
    • Ericksen, M.F.1
  • 46
    • 85145013879 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of microscopic bone remodelling in three aboriginal American populations
    • Brownman DL, Houton: The Hague
    • Ericksen MF. 1980. Patterns of microscopic bone remodelling in three aboriginal American populations. In: Brownman DL, Early Native Americans: Prehistoric Demography, Economy, and Technology. Houton: The Hague. pp. 239-270.
    • (1980) Early Native Americans: Prehistoric Demography, Economy, and Technology , pp. 239-270
    • Ericksen, M.F.1
  • 47
    • 33845258142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bare bones of sex: Part I, sex & gender
    • Fausto-Sterling A. 2005. Bare bones of sex: Part I, sex & gender. Signs 30(2):1491-1528.
    • (2005) Signs , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 1491-1528
    • Fausto-Sterling, A.1
  • 48
    • 33947503615 scopus 로고
    • Dietary calcium and bone fractures in middle-aged women
    • Feskanich DG, Colditz M, Stampfer, Willett W. 1994. Dietary calcium and bone fractures in middle-aged women. Am J Epidemiol 139:S55.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139
    • Feskanich, D.G.1    Colditz, M.2    Stampfer, W.W.3
  • 51
    • 0028811507 scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis in a woman of the Early Bronze Age
    • Frigo P, Lang C. 1995. Osteoporosis in a woman of the Early Bronze Age. N Engl J Med 333:1468.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1468
    • Frigo, P.1    Lang, C.2
  • 52
    • 32744467110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On changing views about age-related bone loss
    • Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors, New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press
    • Frost H. 2003. On changing views about age-related bone loss. In: Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press. pp. 19-30.
    • (2003) Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective , pp. 19-30
    • Frost, H.1
  • 55
    • 33845514762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative computerized tomography for the diagnosis of osteopenia in prehistoric skeletal remains
    • Gonzalez-Reimers E, Velasco-Vázquez J, Arnay-dela-Rosa M, Machado-Calvo M. 2007. Quantitative computerized tomography for the diagnosis of osteopenia in prehistoric skeletal remains. J Arch Sci 34:554-561.
    • (2007) J Arch Sci , vol.34 , pp. 554-561
    • Gonzalez-Reimers, E.1    Velasco-Vázquez, J.2    Arnay-Dela-Rosa, M.3    Machado-Calvo, M.4
  • 56
    • 33750055842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of bone quality on bone loss and bone fragility
    • Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors, New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press
    • Grynpas MD. 2003. The role of bone quality on bone loss and bone fragility. In: Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press. pp. 33-46.
    • (2003) Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective , pp. 33-46
    • Grynpas, M.D.1
  • 57
    • 0021237883 scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral content in St. Lawrence Island Eskimos
    • Harper AB, Laughlin WS, Mazess RB. 1984. Bone mineral content in St. Lawrence Island Eskimos. Hum Biol 56(1):63-77.
    • (1984) Hum Biol , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-77
    • Harper, A.B.1    Laughlin, W.S.2    Mazess, R.B.3
  • 58
    • 0024582511 scopus 로고
    • The effects of lactation on bone mineral content in healthy postpartum women
    • Hayslip CC, Klein TA, Wray HL, Duncan WE. 1989. The effects of lactation on bone mineral content in healthy postpartum women. Obstet Gynecol 73:588-592.
    • (1989) Obstet Gynecol , vol.73 , pp. 588-592
    • Hayslip, C.C.1    Klein, T.A.2    Wray, H.L.3    Duncan, W.E.4
  • 59
    • 0026461358 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of vertebral osteoporosis. Is low bone mass an epiphenomenon?
    • Heaney RP. 1992. The natural history of vertebral osteoporosis. Is low bone mass an epiphenomenon? Bone 13:S23-S26.
    • (1992) Bone , vol.13
    • Heaney, R.P.1
  • 60
    • 0032913016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons for nutritional science from vitamin D
    • Heaney RP. 1999. Lessons for nutritional science from vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 69(5):825-826.
    • (1999) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.69 , Issue.5 , pp. 825-826
    • Heaney, R.P.1
  • 61
    • 0022975938 scopus 로고
    • Calcium and osteoporosis
    • Hegstead DM. 1986. Calcium and osteoporosis. J Nutr 116:2316-2319.
    • (1986) J Nutr , vol.116 , pp. 2316-2319
    • Hegstead, D.M.1
  • 62
    • 0029933656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of protein restriction on the messenger RNA contents of bone-matrix proteins, insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in femur of ovariectomized rats
    • Higashi Y, Takenaka A, Takahashi SI, Noguchi T. 1996. Effect of protein restriction on the messenger RNA contents of bone-matrix proteins, insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in femur of ovariectomized rats. Br J Nutr 75(6):811-823.
    • (1996) Br J Nutr , vol.75 , Issue.6 , pp. 811-823
    • Higashi, Y.1    Takenaka, A.2    Takahashi, S.I.3    Noguchi, T.4
  • 63
    • 34247360303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral densities in the prehistoric, Viking-Age and medieval populations of Norway
    • Holck P. 2007. Bone mineral densities in the prehistoric, Viking-Age and medieval populations of Norway. Int J Osteoarch 17:199-206.
    • (2007) Int J Osteoarch , vol.17 , pp. 199-206
    • Holck, P.1
  • 64
    • 0000004232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building the bases for paleodemographic analyses: adult age determination
    • Katzenberg MA, Saunders SR, editors, New York: Wiley Liss
    • Jackes M. 2000. Building the bases for paleodemographic analyses: adult age determination. In Katzenberg MA, Saunders SR, editors. Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton. New York: Wiley Liss. pp. 417-466.
    • (2000) Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton , pp. 417-466
    • Jackes, M.1
  • 65
    • 0030964587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The socioeconomic burden of fractures: today and in the 21st century
    • Johnell O. 1997. The socioeconomic burden of fractures: today and in the 21st century. Am J Med 103(2A):20S-25S.
    • (1997) Am J Med , vol.103 , Issue.2 A
    • Johnell, O.1
  • 67
    • 26944458929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures
    • Johnell O, Kanis J. 2005. Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 16(S2):S3-S7.
    • (2005) Osteoporos Int , vol.16 , Issue.S2
    • Johnell, O.1    Kanis, J.2
  • 68
    • 33750209491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures
    • Johnell O, Kanis JA. 2006. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 17: 1726-1733.
    • (2006) Osteoporos Int , vol.17 , pp. 1726-1733
    • Johnell, O.1    Kanis, J.A.2
  • 69
    • 0003486803 scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis
    • Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications
    • Kanis JA. 1994. Osteoporosis. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
    • (1994)
    • Kanis, J.A.1
  • 71
    • 0024578963 scopus 로고
    • Calcium supplementation of the diet-II
    • Kanis JA, Passmore R. 1989. Calcium supplementation of the diet-II. BMJ 298:205-208.
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.298 , pp. 205-208
    • Kanis, J.A.1    Passmore, R.2
  • 72
    • 33750101499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High phosphorus intakes acutely and negatively affect Ca and bone metabolism in a dosedependent manner in healthy young females
    • Kemi VE, Karkkainen MU, Lamberg-Allardt CJ. 2006. High phosphorus intakes acutely and negatively affect Ca and bone metabolism in a dosedependent manner in healthy young females. Br J Nutr 96(3):545-552.
    • (2006) Br J Nutr , vol.96 , Issue.3 , pp. 545-552
    • Kemi, V.E.1    Karkkainen, M.U.2    Lamberg-Allardt, C.J.3
  • 74
    • 0042284012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary protein, calcium metabolism, and skeletal homeostasis revisited
    • Kerstetter JE, O'Brien KO, Insogna KL. 2003. Dietary protein, calcium metabolism, and skeletal homeostasis revisited. Am J Clin Nutr 78(S3):584S-592S.
    • (2003) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.78 , Issue.S3
    • Kerstetter, J.E.1    O'Brien, K.O.2    Insogna, K.L.3
  • 77
    • 0017711088 scopus 로고
    • Changes of bone mineral content during pregnancy and lactation
    • Lamke B, Brundin J, Moberg P. 1977. Changes of bone mineral content during pregnancy and lactation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 56:217-219.
    • (1977) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.56 , pp. 217-219
    • Lamke, B.1    Brundin, J.2    Moberg, P.3
  • 78
    • 0003970756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida: The Impact of Colonialism
    • Gainesville: University Press of Florida
    • Larsen CS. 2001. Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida: The Impact of Colonialism. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
    • (2001)
    • Larsen, C.S.1
  • 79
    • 0242659351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal source foods and human health during evolution
    • Larsen CS. 2003. Animal source foods and human health during evolution. J Nutr 11(S2):3893S-3897S.
    • (2003) J Nutr , vol.11 , Issue.S2
    • Larsen, C.S.1
  • 80
    • 0027456650 scopus 로고
    • Differences in proximal femur bone density over two centuries
    • Lees B, Molleson T, Arnett TR, Stevenson JC. 1993. Differences in proximal femur bone density over two centuries. Lancet 341:673-675.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 673-675
    • Lees, B.1    Molleson, T.2    Arnett, T.R.3    Stevenson, J.C.4
  • 81
    • 0029892208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone turnover and density in healthy women during breastfeeding and after weaning
    • Lopez JM, Gonzalez G, Reyes V, Campino C, Diaz S. 1996. Bone turnover and density in healthy women during breastfeeding and after weaning. Osteoporos Int 6:153-159.
    • (1996) Osteoporos Int , vol.6 , pp. 153-159
    • Lopez, J.M.1    Gonzalez, G.2    Reyes, V.3    Campino, C.4    Diaz, S.5
  • 82
    • 29244464685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age changes in bone microstructure: do they occur uniformly?
    • Macho GA, Abel RL, Schutkowski H. 2005. Age changes in bone microstructure: do they occur uniformly?. Int J Osteoarch 15:421-430.
    • (2005) Int J Osteoarch , vol.15 , pp. 421-430
    • Macho, G.A.1    Abel, R.L.2    Schutkowski, H.3
  • 83
    • 10544248450 scopus 로고
    • Microstructural examination: possibilities for skeletal analysis. Biocultural Adaptation: Comprehensive Approaches to Skeletal Analysis
    • Martin DL, Bumstead MP, editors, Department of Anthropology. Amherst: University of Massachusetts
    • Martin DL. 1981. Microstructural examination: possibilities for skeletal analysis. In: Martin DL, Bumstead MP, editors. Biocultural Adaptation: Comprehensive Approaches to Skeletal Analysis. Research Reports No. 20, Department of Anthropology. Amherst: University of Massachusetts. pp. 96-107.
    • (1981) Research Reports , vol.20 , pp. 96-107
    • Martin, D.L.1
  • 84
    • 0018568201 scopus 로고
    • Morphometrics of compact bone: an example from Sudanese Nubia
    • Martin DL, Armelagos GJ. 1979. Morphometrics of compact bone: an example from Sudanese Nubia. Am J Phys Anthropol 51:571-578.
    • (1979) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.51 , pp. 571-578
    • Martin, D.L.1    Armelagos, G.J.2
  • 85
    • 0022260855 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal remodelling and mineralization as indicators of health: an example from prehistoric Sudanese Nubia
    • Martin DL, Armelagos GJ. 1985. Skeletal remodelling and mineralization as indicators of health: an example from prehistoric Sudanese Nubia. J Hum Evol 14:527-537.
    • (1985) J Hum Evol , vol.14 , pp. 527-537
    • Martin, D.L.1    Armelagos, G.J.2
  • 86
    • 70349140306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional adaptation and fragility of the skeleton
    • Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors, New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press
    • Martin RB. 2003. Functional adaptation and fragility of the skeleton. In: Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press. pp. 121-136.
    • (2003) Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective , pp. 121-136
    • Martin, R.B.1
  • 87
    • 0001628147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent cortical bone loss in a medieval population
    • Mays SA. 1996. Age-dependent cortical bone loss in a medieval population. Int J Osteoarcheol 6: 144-154.
    • (1996) Int J Osteoarcheol , vol.6 , pp. 144-154
    • Mays, S.A.1
  • 88
    • 0003123988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agedependent bone loss in the femur in a medieval population
    • Mays SA, Lees B, Stevenson JC. 1998. Agedependent bone loss in the femur in a medieval population. Int J Osteoarchaeol 8:97-106.
    • (1998) Int J Osteoarchaeol , vol.8 , pp. 97-106
    • Mays, S.A.1    Lees, B.2    Stevenson, J.C.3
  • 89
    • 0033947944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent cortical bone loss in women from 18th and early 19th century London
    • Mays S. 2000. Age-dependent cortical bone loss in women from 18th and early 19th century London. Am J Phys Anthropol 112(3):349-361.
    • (2000) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.112 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-361
    • Mays, S.1
  • 90
    • 0034840324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of age and occupation on cortical bone in a group of 18th-19th century British men
    • Mays S. 2001. Effects of age and occupation on cortical bone in a group of 18th-19th century British men. Am J Phys Anthropol 116(1):34-44.
    • (2001) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.116 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-44
    • Mays, S.1
  • 91
    • 33750384797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A palaeopathological study of Colles' fracture
    • Mays SA. 2006. A palaeopathological study of Colles' fracture. Int J Osteoarch 16(5):415-428.
    • (2006) Int J Osteoarch , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 415-428
    • Mays, S.A.1
  • 92
    • 33750085576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis in a population from medieval Norway
    • Mays S, Turner-Walker G, Syversen U. 2006. Osteoporosis in a population from medieval Norway. Am J Phys Anthropol 131(3):343-351.
    • (2006) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.131 , Issue.3 , pp. 343-351
    • Mays, S.1    Turner-Walker, G.2    Syversen, U.3
  • 93
    • 0016661220 scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral content in Canadian Eskimos
    • Mazess RB, Mather WE. 1975. Bone mineral content in Canadian Eskimos. Hum Biol 47(1): 45-63.
    • (1975) Hum Biol , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-63
    • Mazess, R.B.1    Mather, W.E.2
  • 94
    • 1342302345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of bone mineral density of the radius in a medieval population
    • McEwan JM, Mays S, Blake GM. 2004. Measurements of bone mineral density of the radius in a medieval population. Calcif Tissue Int (2):157-161.
    • (2004) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.2 , pp. 157-161
    • McEwan, J.M.1    Mays, S.2    Blake, G.M.3
  • 95
    • 0030678552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density reflects bone mass but also the degree of mineralization of bone: therapeutic implications
    • Meunier PJ, Boivin G. 1997. Bone mineral density reflects bone mass but also the degree of mineralization of bone: therapeutic implications. Bone 21(5):373-377.
    • (1997) Bone , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 373-377
    • Meunier, P.J.1    Boivin, G.2
  • 96
    • 0024893152 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in age-related loss of vertebral trabecular bone mass and structurebiomechanical consequences
    • Mosekilde L. 1989. Sex differences in age-related loss of vertebral trabecular bone mass and structurebiomechanical consequences. Bone 10:425-432.
    • (1989) Bone , vol.10 , pp. 425-432
    • Mosekilde, L.1
  • 97
    • 0027255316 scopus 로고
    • Vertebral structure and strength in vivo and in vitro
    • Mosekilde L. 1993. Vertebral structure and strength in vivo and in vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 53: S121-S125.
    • (1993) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.53
    • Mosekilde, L.1
  • 98
  • 100
    • 84889831805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Osteoporosis Foundation
    • National Osteoporosis Foundation. 2006. http://www.nof.org/.
    • (2006)
  • 101
    • 0344756458 scopus 로고
    • Bone density in three archaeological populations
    • Nelson DA. 1984. Bone density in three archaeological populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 63:198.
    • (1984) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.63 , pp. 198
    • Nelson, D.A.1
  • 103
    • 33645242965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in bone mass and architecture
    • Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors, New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press
    • Nelson DA, Villa ML. 2003. Ethnic differences in bone mass and architecture. In: Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press. pp. 47-58.
    • (2003) Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective , pp. 47-58
    • Nelson, D.A.1    Villa, M.L.2
  • 104
    • 84856365773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis Overview
    • NIH/ORBD (National Institutes of Health/Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases), Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Health
    • NIH/ORBD (National Institutes of Health/Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases). 2006. Osteoporosis Overview. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Health. pp. 1-10.
    • (2006) , pp. 1-10
  • 105
  • 106
    • 0026639150 scopus 로고
    • The effects of dietary protein insufficiency and excess on skeletal health
    • Orwoll ES. 1992. The effects of dietary protein insufficiency and excess on skeletal health. Bone 13:343-350.
    • (1992) Bone , vol.13 , pp. 343-350
    • Orwoll, E.S.1
  • 107
    • 33750188513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of nutrients in bone health, from A to Z
    • Palacios C. 2006. The role of nutrients in bone health, from A to Z. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 46(8):621-628.
    • (2006) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr , vol.46 , Issue.8 , pp. 621-628
    • Palacios, C.1
  • 108
    • 0002255841 scopus 로고
    • Osteomalacia and related disorders
    • Arioli LV, Krane SM, editors, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: W.B. Saunders
    • Parfitt AM. 1990. Osteomalacia and related disorders. In: Arioli LV, Krane SM, editors. Metabolic Bone Diseases and Clinically Related Disorders. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: W.B. Saunders, pp. 329-396.
    • (1990) Metabolic Bone Diseases and Clinically Related Disorders , pp. 329-396
    • Parfitt, A.M.1
  • 109
    • 0026485970 scopus 로고
    • Implications of architecture for the pathogenesis and prevention of vertebral fracture
    • Parfitt AM. 1992. Implications of architecture for the pathogenesis and prevention of vertebral fracture. Bone 13:S41-S47.
    • (1992) Bone , vol.13
    • Parfitt, A.M.1
  • 110
    • 0028577210 scopus 로고
    • The two faces of growth: benefits and risks to bone integrity
    • Parfitt AM. 1994. The two faces of growth: benefits and risks to bone integrity. Osteoporos Int 4(6): 382-398.
    • (1994) Osteoporos Int , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 382-398
    • Parfitt, A.M.1
  • 111
    • 32744466116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New concepts of bone remodeling: a unified spatial and temporal model with physiologic and pathophysiologic implications
    • Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors, New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press
    • Parfitt M. 2003. New concepts of bone remodeling: a unified spatial and temporal model with physiologic and pathophysiologic implications. In: Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press. pp. 3-15.
    • (2003) Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective , pp. 3-15
    • Parfitt, M.1
  • 112
    • 0016271215 scopus 로고
    • Radiographic determination of excessive bone loss in Alaskan Eskimos
    • Pawson IG. 1974. Radiographic determination of excessive bone loss in Alaskan Eskimos. Hum Biol 46(3):369-380.
    • (1974) Hum Biol , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 369-380
    • Pawson, I.G.1
  • 113
    • 1542316214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of pregnancy mediated bone loss during lactation
    • Pearson D, Kaur M, San P, Lawson N, Baker P, Hosking D. 2004. Recovery of pregnancy mediated bone loss during lactation. Bone 34(3):570-578.
    • (2004) Bone , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 570-578
    • Pearson, D.1    Kaur, M.2    San, P.3    Lawson, N.4    Baker, P.5    Hosking, D.6
  • 114
    • 33847415217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aging of Wolff's "law": ontogeny and responses to mechanical loading in cortical bone
    • Pearson OM, Lieberman DE. 2004. The aging of Wolff's "law": ontogeny and responses to mechanical loading in cortical bone. Am J Phys Anthropol S47:63-99.
    • (2004) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.S47 , pp. 63-99
    • Pearson, O.M.1    Lieberman, D.E.2
  • 115
    • 33845906865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraskeletal variability in bone mass
    • Peck JJ, Stout SD. 2007. Intraskeletal variability in bone mass. Am J Phys Anthropol 132:89-97.
    • (2007) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.132 , pp. 89-97
    • Peck, J.J.1    Stout, S.D.2
  • 116
    • 0002022838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleohistology: health and disease
    • Katzenberg A, Saunders S, editors, New York: Wiley-Liss
    • Pfeiffer S. 2000. Paleohistology: health and disease. In: Katzenberg A, Saunders S, editors. Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton. New York: Wiley-Liss. pp. 287-302.
    • (2000) Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton , pp. 287-302
    • Pfeiffer, S.1
  • 117
    • 0007952872 scopus 로고
    • Intracortical bone remodelling and decrease in cortical mass among prehistoric Amerindians
    • Pfeiffer S, King P. 1981. Intracortical bone remodelling and decrease in cortical mass among prehistoric Amerindians. Am J Phys Anthropol 54:262.
    • (1981) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.54 , pp. 262
    • Pfeiffer, S.1    King, P.2
  • 118
    • 0028725719 scopus 로고
    • Low bone mass in past and present aboriginal populations
    • Draper HH, editor, New York: Plenum Press
    • Pfeiffer SK, Lazenby RA. 1994. Low bone mass in past and present aboriginal populations. In: Draper HH, editor. Advances in Nutritional Research. Vol. 9. New York: Plenum Press. pp. 35-51.
    • (1994) Advances in Nutritional Research , vol.9 , pp. 35-51
    • Pfeiffer, S.K.1    Lazenby, R.A.2
  • 119
    • 0035037356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low bone mineral density in the femoral neck of medieval women: a result of multiparity?
    • Poulsen LW, Qvesel D, Brixen K, Vesterby A, Boldsen JL. 2001. Low bone mineral density in the femoral neck of medieval women: a result of multiparity? Bone 28(4):454-458.
    • (2001) Bone , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 454-458
    • Poulsen, L.W.1    Qvesel, D.2    Brixen, K.3    Vesterby, A.4    Boldsen, J.L.5
  • 120
    • 23044491391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic determinants of osteoporosis
    • Ralston SH. 2005. Genetic determinants of osteoporosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 17(4):475-479.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 475-479
    • Ralston, S.H.1
  • 121
    • 0018575946 scopus 로고
    • Differences in intracortical bone remodelling in three aboriginal american populations: possible dietary factors
    • Richman EA, DJ Ortner, Schulter-Ellis FP. 1979. Differences in intracortical bone remodelling in three aboriginal american populations: possible dietary factors. Calcif Tiss Int 28:209-214.
    • (1979) Calcif Tiss Int , vol.28 , pp. 209-214
    • Richman, E.A.1    D.J Ortner2    Schulter-Ellis, F.P.3
  • 122
    • 0003871168 scopus 로고
    • Physician's Resource Manual on Osteoporosis
    • New York: National Osteoporosis Foundation
    • Riggs BL, Peck WA, Bell NH. 1991. Physician's Resource Manual on Osteoporosis. A Decision Making Guide. New York: National Osteoporosis Foundation.
    • (1991) A Decision Making Guide
    • Riggs, B.L.1    Peck, W.A.2    Bell, N.H.3
  • 123
    • 33746910538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can exercise prevent osteoporosis?
    • Rittweger J. 2006. Can exercise prevent osteoporosis? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 6(2): 162-166.
    • (2006) J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 162-166
    • Rittweger, J.1
  • 124
    • 21344444240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histomorphology, geometry, and mechanical loading in past populations
    • Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors, New York: Plenum Publishers, Inc
    • Robling AG, Stout SD. 2004. Histomorphology, geometry, and mechanical loading in past populations. In: Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Plenum Publishers, Inc. pp. 185-201.
    • (2004) Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective , pp. 185-201
    • Robling, A.G.1    Stout, S.D.2
  • 125
    • 84877096847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Through the valley of dry bones
    • Rosen CJ. 1999. Through the valley of dry bones. J Clin Densitom 2(1):3-4.
    • (1999) J Clin Densitom , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-4
    • Rosen, C.J.1
  • 126
    • 0020615624 scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional geometry of Pecos Pueblo femora and tibiae-a biomechanical investigation. I. Method and general patterns of variation
    • Ruff CB, Hayes WC. 1983a. Cross-sectional geometry of Pecos Pueblo femora and tibiae-a biomechanical investigation. I. Method and general patterns of variation. Am J Phys Anthropol 60:359-381.
    • (1983) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.60 , pp. 359-381
    • Ruff, C.B.1    Hayes, W.C.2
  • 127
    • 0020549477 scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional geometry of Pecos Pueblo femora and tibia-a biomechanical investigation. II. Sex, age, and side differences
    • Ruff CB, Hayes WC. 1983b. Cross-sectional geometry of Pecos Pueblo femora and tibia-a biomechanical investigation. II. Sex, age, and side differences. Am J Phys Anthropol 60:383-400.
    • (1983) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.60 , pp. 383-400
    • Ruff, C.B.1    Hayes, W.C.2
  • 128
    • 0021149639 scopus 로고
    • Structural changes in the femur with the transition to agriculture on the Georgia coast
    • Ruff CB, Larsen CS, Hayes WC. 1984. Structural changes in the femur with the transition to agriculture on the Georgia coast. Am J Phys Anthropol 64:125-136.
    • (1984) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.64 , pp. 125-136
    • Ruff, C.B.1    Larsen, C.S.2    Hayes, W.C.3
  • 129
    • 33645235979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who's afraid of the big badWolff?: "Wolff's law" and bone functional adaptation
    • Ruff C, Holt B, Trinkaus E. 2006. Who's afraid of the big badWolff?: "Wolff's law" and bone functional adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol 129(4): 484-98.
    • (2006) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.129 , Issue.4 , pp. 484-498
    • Ruff, C.1    Holt, B.2    Trinkaus, E.3
  • 130
    • 0342765124 scopus 로고
    • The control of late ancient and medieval population
    • Philadelphia, Pa.: The American Philosophical Society
    • Russell JC. 1985. The control of late ancient and medieval population. Philadelphia, Pa.: The American Philosophical Society.
    • (1985)
    • Russell, J.C.1
  • 131
    • 10544254292 scopus 로고
    • A case of crush fracture osteoporosis from late Roman Pella in Jordan
    • Sambrook PN, Browne CD, Eisman JA, Bourke SJ. 1988. A case of crush fracture osteoporosis from late Roman Pella in Jordan. OSSA 13:167-171.
    • (1988) OSSA , vol.13 , pp. 167-171
    • Sambrook, P.N.1    Browne, C.D.2    Eisman, J.A.3    Bourke, S.J.4
  • 132
    • 0019836527 scopus 로고
    • Renal acid, urinary cyclic AMP, and hydroxyproline excretion as affected by level of protein, sulfur amino acid, and phosphorus intake
    • Schuette SA, Hegsted M, Zemel MB, Linkswiler HM. 1981. Renal acid, urinary cyclic AMP, and hydroxyproline excretion as affected by level of protein, sulfur amino acid, and phosphorus intake. J Nutr 111(12):2106-2116.
    • (1981) J Nutr , vol.111 , Issue.12 , pp. 2106-2116
    • Schuette, S.A.1    Hegsted, M.2    Zemel, M.B.3    Linkswiler, H.M.4
  • 133
    • 0032524767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein supplements increase serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and attenuate proximal femur bone loss in patients with recent hip fracture. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Schurch MA, Rizzoli R, Slosman D, Vadas L, Vergnaud P, Bonjour JP. 1998. Protein supplements increase serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and attenuate proximal femur bone loss in patients with recent hip fracture. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 128(10):801-809.
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.128 , Issue.10 , pp. 801-809
    • Schurch, M.A.1    Rizzoli, R.2    Slosman, D.3    Vadas, L.4    Vergnaud, P.5    Bonjour, J.P.6
  • 134
    • 0018572076 scopus 로고
    • Inference concerning the age distribution of skeletal populations and some consequences for paleodemography
    • Sjovold T. 1978. Inference concerning the age distribution of skeletal populations and some consequences for paleodemography. Anthrop Kozl 22: 99-114.
    • (1978) Anthrop Kozl , vol.22 , pp. 99-114
    • Sjovold, T.1
  • 135
    • 0040082244 scopus 로고
    • Osteoporotic fractures
    • Simmons DJ, editor, New York: Oxford University Press
    • Slemenda CW, Johnston CC. 1990. Osteoporotic fractures. In: Simmons DJ, editor. Nutrition and Bone Development. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131-147.
    • (1990) Nutrition and Bone Development , pp. 131-147
    • Slemenda, C.W.1    Johnston, C.C.2
  • 137
    • 0026680272 scopus 로고
    • Radial bone mineral density in pre-and perimenopausal women: a prospective study of rates and risk factors for loss
    • Sowers M, Clark MK, Hollis B, Wallace RB, Jannausch M. 1992. Radial bone mineral density in pre-and perimenopausal women: a prospective study of rates and risk factors for loss. J Bone Miner Res 7:647-657.
    • (1992) J Bone Miner Res , vol.7 , pp. 647-657
    • Sowers, M.1    Clark, M.K.2    Hollis, B.3    Wallace, R.B.4    Jannausch, M.5
  • 138
    • 0027878096 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of bone mass in premenopausal women
    • Sowers MR, Galuska DA. 1993. Epidemiology of bone mass in premenopausal women. Epidemiol Rev 15:374-398.
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 374-398
    • Sowers, M.R.1    Galuska, D.A.2
  • 139
    • 0029785548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy and lactation as risk factors for subsequent bone loss and osteoporosis
    • Sowers M. 1996. Pregnancy and lactation as risk factors for subsequent bone loss and osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 11:1052-1060.
    • (1996) J Bone Miner Res , vol.11 , pp. 1052-1060
    • Sowers, M.1
  • 142
    • 0024555404 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of bone density in normal women: risk factors for future osteoporosis?
    • Stevenson JC, Lees B, Devenport M, Cust MP, Ganger KF. 1989. Determinants of bone density in normal women: risk factors for future osteoporosis?. BMJ 298:924-928.
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.298 , pp. 924-928
    • Stevenson, J.C.1    Lees, B.2    Devenport, M.3    Cust, M.P.4    Ganger, K.F.5
  • 143
    • 0019786584 scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral-osteon analysis of Yupik-Inupiak skeletons
    • Thompson DD, Gunness-Hey M. 1981. Bone mineral-osteon analysis of Yupik-Inupiak skeletons. Am J Phys Anthropol 55:1-7.
    • (1981) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.55 , pp. 1-7
    • Thompson, D.D.1    Gunness-Hey, M.2
  • 146
    • 0036128709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics of bone: determinants of skeletal fragility and bone quality
    • Turner CH. 2002. Biomechanics of bone: determinants of skeletal fragility and bone quality. Osteoporos Int 13(2):97-104.
    • (2002) Osteoporos Int , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-104
    • Turner, C.H.1
  • 149
    • 23844521590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vitamin D on bone and natural selection of skin color: how much vitamin D nutrition are we talking about?
    • Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors, New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press
    • Vieth R. 2003. Effects of vitamin D on bone and natural selection of skin color: how much vitamin D nutrition are we talking about? In: Agarwal SC, Stout SD, editors. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Kluwer Plenum Academic Press. pp. 139-151.
    • (2003) Bone Loss and Osteoporosis: An Anthropological Perspective , pp. 139-151
    • Vieth, R.1
  • 150
    • 1542354394 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of trabecular bone structure in man today and an ancient population in Western Germany
    • Takahashi HE, editor, Japan: Nishimura Co
    • Vogel M, Hahn M, Caselitz P,Woggan J, Pompesius-Kempa M, Delling G. 1990. Comparison of trabecular bone structure in man today and an ancient population in Western Germany. In: Takahashi HE, editor. Bone Morphometry. Japan: Nishimura Co. pp. 220-223.
    • (1990) Bone Morphometry , pp. 220-223
    • Vogel, M.1    Hahn, M.2    Caselitz, P.3    Woggan, J.4    Pompesius-Kempa, M.5    Delling, G.6
  • 151
    • 0029093759 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic, health and lifestyle factors associated with femoral neck bone density in older women
    • Ward JA, Lord SR, Williams P, Anstey K, Zivanovic E. 1995. Physiologic, health and lifestyle factors associated with femoral neck bone density in older women. Bone 16:373S-378S.
    • (1995) Bone , vol.16
    • Ward, J.A.1    Lord, S.R.2    Williams, P.3    Anstey, K.4    Zivanovic, E.5
  • 152
    • 0035991189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone quality: getting closer to a definition
    • Watts NB. 2002. Bone quality: getting closer to a definition. J Bone Miner Res 17(7): 1148-1150.
    • (2002) J Bone Miner Res , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 1148-1150
    • Watts, N.B.1
  • 153
    • 3543109076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis in the bioarchaeology of women
    • Grauer A, Stuart-Macadam P, editors, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Weaver DS. 1998. Osteoporosis in the bioarchaeology of women. In: Grauer A, Stuart-Macadam P, editors. Sex and Gender in Paleopathological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 27-46.
    • (1998) Sex and Gender in Paleopathological Perspective , pp. 27-46
    • Weaver, D.S.1
  • 154
    • 0003911968 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group
    • WHO (World Health Organisation), WHO Geneva
    • WHO (World Health Organisation). 1994. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group; WHO Technical report series 843. WHO Geneva.
    • (1994) WHO Technical report series , pp. 843


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.