메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 25-57

Quality Control, Screening, Toxicity, and Regulation of Herbal Drugs

Author keywords

Adulteration of herbal drugs; Herbal supplements; Labeling of herbal products; Modern phytomedicine; Preparation of herbal drugs; Quality control; Regulation of herbal drugs; Screening; Toxicity

Indexed keywords


EID: 84889791830     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527609987.ch2     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (202)

References (154)
  • 2
    • 0003851561 scopus 로고
    • Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica
    • Eastland Press, Seattle
    • Bensky, D., Gamble, A. Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica. Eastland Press, Seattle, 1993.
    • (1993)
    • Bensky, D.1    Gamble, A.2
  • 3
    • 0004025061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Alternative Medicine Handbook
    • W.W. Norton and Co., New York
    • Cassileth, B.R. The Alternative Medicine Handbook. W.W. Norton and Co., New York, 1998.
    • (1998)
    • Cassileth, B.R.1
  • 5
    • 0035695659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ann. NY Acad. Sci.
    • Cragg, G.M., Newman. D.J. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 2001, 953, 3.
    • (2001) , vol.953 , pp. 3
    • Cragg, G.M.1    Newman, D.J.2
  • 6
    • 0004078495 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutics: from the Primitives to the Twentieth Century
    • Hafner Press, New York
    • Ackerknecht, E.H. Therapeutics: from the Primitives to the Twentieth Century. Hafner Press, New York, 1973.
    • (1973)
    • Ackerknecht, E.H.1
  • 7
    • 0003811004 scopus 로고
    • Healing Hand: Man and Wound in the Ancient World
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Majno, G.M. Healing Hand: Man and Wound in the Ancient World. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1975.
    • (1975)
    • Majno, G.M.1
  • 8
    • 0017125392 scopus 로고
    • Am. J. Pharm. Educ.
    • Farnsworth, N.R., Morris, R.W. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 1976, 148, 46.
    • (1976) , vol.148 , pp. 46
    • Farnsworth, N.R.1    Morris, R.W.2
  • 9
    • 77953429112 scopus 로고
    • Handbook of Ethnobotanicals (Peru)
    • CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Duke, J.A., Martinez, R.V. Handbook of Ethnobotanicals (Peru). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994.
    • (1994)
    • Duke, J.A.1    Martinez, R.V.2
  • 10
    • 0029134893 scopus 로고
    • Drug Safety
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M. Drug Safety 1995, 13, 81.
    • (1995) , vol.13 , pp. 81
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M.1
  • 12
    • 0031695495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Nat. Prod.
    • Shu. Y.Z. J. Nat. Prod. 1998, 61, 1053.
    • (1998) , vol.61 , pp. 1053
    • Shu, Y.Z.1
  • 13
    • 0034771619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Herbal Phytother.
    • Liu, Z., Liu, Y. J. Herbal Phytother. 2001, 1, 25.
    • (2001) , vol.1 , pp. 25
    • Liu, Z.1    Liu, Y.2
  • 14
    • 77953401625 scopus 로고
    • The International Pharmacopeia
    • WHO, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. The International Pharmacopeia, Vol. 1: General Methods of Analysis, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1979.
    • (1979) General Methods of Analysis , vol.1
  • 15
    • 84889830277 scopus 로고
    • The International Pharmacopeia
    • WHO, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. The International Pharmacopeia, Vol. 2: Quality Specifications, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1981.
    • (1981) Quality Specifications , vol.2
  • 16
    • 0009625537 scopus 로고
    • The Use of Essential Drugs
    • WHO, Eighth report of the WHO Expert committee. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. The Use of Essential Drugs. Eighth report of the WHO Expert committee. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1990.
    • (1990)
  • 17
    • 0004842582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 18
    • 0012959726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the Appropriate Use of Herbal Medicines
    • WHO, WHO Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series No 3, WHO Regional office for the Western Pacific, Manila
    • WHO. Guidelines for the Appropriate Use of Herbal Medicines. WHO Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series No 3, WHO Regional office for the Western Pacific, Manila, 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 19
    • 0004842582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999.
    • (1999)
  • 20
    • 0004225498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Vol. 1, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999.
    • (1999) , vol.1
  • 21
    • 0004225498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Vol. 2, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2002.
    • (2002) , vol.2
  • 22
    • 79952682727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ancient Remedies, New Disease
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Ancient Remedies, New Disease. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 23
    • 33745962368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    • WHO, set. Vol. 1 contains text and Vol. 2, maps. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2 vol. set. Vol. 1 contains text and Vol. 2, maps. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2005.
    • (2005) , vol.2
  • 24
    • 0001987914 scopus 로고
    • HerbalGram.
    • Akerele, O. HerbalGram. 1993, 28, 13.
    • (1993) , vol.28 , pp. 13
    • Akerele, O.1
  • 25
    • 0004129501 scopus 로고
    • Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals
    • CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Bisset, N.G. (ed.). Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994.
    • (1994)
    • Bisset, N.G.1
  • 26
    • 0034006856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.
    • Calixto, J. B. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 2000, 33, 179.
    • (2000) , vol.33 , pp. 179
    • Calixto, J.B.1
  • 27
    • 1442333215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian J. Cancer Prev.
    • Pal, S.K., Shukla, Y. Asian J. Cancer Prev. 2003, 4, 281.
    • (2003) , vol.4 , pp. 281
    • Pal, S.K.1    Shukla, Y.2
  • 29
    • 0042501926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals
    • Business Horizons Publishers, New Delhi, India
    • Mukherjee, P.W. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals. Business Horizons Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2002.
    • (2002)
    • Mukherjee, P.W.1
  • 30
    • 33745962368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    • World Health Organization, Geneva
    • Bodeker, C., Bodeker, G., Ong, C.K., Grundy, C.K., Burford, G., Shein, K. WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Bodeker, C.1    Bodeker, G.2    Ong, C.K.3    Grundy, C.K.4    Burford, G.5    Shein, K.6
  • 32
    • 0030706057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs
    • De Smet, P. A. G. M. Drugs, 1997, 54, 801.
    • (1997) , vol.54 , pp. 801
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M.1
  • 33
    • 0008225472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HerbalGram
    • Blumenthal, M. HerbalGram 1999, 45, 68.
    • (1999) , vol.45 , pp. 68
    • Blumenthal, M.1
  • 34
    • 0002850439 scopus 로고
    • HerbalGram
    • Grunwald, J. HerbalGram 1995, 34, 60.
    • (1995) , vol.34 , pp. 60
    • Grunwald, J.1
  • 36
    • 0003527319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Complete German Commission E Monographs. Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines
    • The American Botanical Council, Austin, TX
    • Blumenthal, M., Brusse, W.R., Goldberg, A., Gruenwald, J., Hall, T., Riggins, C. W., Rister, R.S. The Complete German Commission E Monographs. Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. The American Botanical Council, Austin, TX, 1998.
    • (1998)
    • Blumenthal, M.1    Brusse, W.R.2    Goldberg, A.3    Gruenwald, J.4    Hall, T.5    Riggins, C.W.6    Rister, R.S.7
  • 37
    • 80054121202 scopus 로고
    • Pharm. J
    • Midley, J.M. Pharm. J. 1988, 241, 358.
    • (1988) , vol.241 , pp. 358
    • Midley, J.M.1
  • 38
    • 0030042287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytomedicine.
    • Bauer, R., Tittel, G. Phytomedicine. 1996, 2, 193.
    • (1996) , vol.2 , pp. 193
    • Bauer, R.1    Tittel, G.2
  • 39
    • 0031916658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Inf. J.
    • Baur, R. Drug Inf. J. 1998, 32, 101.
    • (1998) , vol.32 , pp. 101
    • Baur, R.1
  • 40
  • 42
    • 0009604322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic Tests for Drugs, Pharmaceutical Substances, Medicinal Plant Materials and Dosage Forms
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Basic Tests for Drugs, Pharmaceutical Substances, Medicinal Plant Materials and Dosage Forms. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 43
    • 84889843199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals: A Compendum of Guidelines and Related Materials
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals: A Compendum of Guidelines and Related Materials, Vol. 2: Good Manufacturing Practices and Inspection. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1996.
    • (1996) Good Manufacturing Practices and Inspection , vol.2
  • 44
    • 0003712309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 45
    • 84870276643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on Quality of Herbal Medicinal Products/Traditional Medicinal Products, EMEA/CVMP/814OO Review
    • EMEA, European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), London
    • EMEA. Guidelines on Quality of Herbal Medicinal Products/Traditional Medicinal Products, EMEA/CVMP/814OO Review. European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), London, 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 46
    • 84889821847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of Herbal Medicinal Products
    • EMEA, European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), London
    • EMEA. Quality of Herbal Medicinal Products. Guidelines. European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), London, 1998.
    • (1998) Guidelines
  • 47
    • 0004842582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1992.
    • (1992)
  • 48
    • 0032766509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Inf. J.
    • De Smet. P.A.G.M. Drug Inf. J. 1999, 33, 717.
    • (1999) , vol.33 , pp. 717
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M.1
  • 50
    • 0004257067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines
    • WHO, WHO Technical Report Series, No 863. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines. WHO Technical Report Series, No 863. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1996.
    • (1996)
  • 51
    • 0037697269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical Analysis
    • Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
    • Watson, D.G. Pharmaceutical Analysis. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Watson, D.G.1
  • 52
    • 0004842582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1988.
    • (1988)
  • 53
    • 0003712309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2000.
    • (2000)
  • 54
    • 4644339928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP)
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. WHO Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP). World Health Organization, Geneva, 2003.
    • (2003)
  • 55
    • 4644339928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP) for Medicinal Plants
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP) for Medicinal Plants. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 56
    • 0142183783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Points to Consider on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice for Starting Materials of Herbal Origin
    • EMEA, EMEA/HMPWP/31/99 Review. European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), London
    • EMEA. Points to Consider on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice for Starting Materials of Herbal Origin. EMEA/HMPWP/31/99 Review. European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), London, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 57
    • 0005776072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botanical Medicine: Efficacy, Quality, Assurance, and Regulation
    • Mary Ann Liebert, New York
    • Eskinazi, D., Blumenthal, M., Farnsworth, N., Riggins, C.W. Botanical Medicine: Efficacy, Quality, Assurance, and Regulation. Mary Ann Liebert, New York, 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Eskinazi, D.1    Blumenthal, M.2    Farnsworth, N.3    Riggins, C.W.4
  • 58
    • 0029810208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Inf. J.
    • Keller, K. Drug Inf. J. 1996, 30, 933.
    • (1996) , vol.30 , pp. 933
    • Keller, K.1
  • 59
    • 0031912918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomed. Chromatogr.
    • Li, F., Sun, S., Wang, J., Wang, D. Biomed. Chromatogr. 1998, 12, 78.
    • (1998) , vol.12 , pp. 78
    • Li, F.1    Sun, S.2    Wang, J.3    Wang, D.4
  • 60
    • 0009764501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International
    • AOAC, 18th edn. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD
    • AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18th edn. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 61
    • 0004142425 scopus 로고
    • Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs
    • Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M., Keller, K. Hansel, R., Chandler, R.F. Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs, Vol. 1. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1992.
    • (1992) , vol.1
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M.1    Keller, K.2    Hansel, R.3    Chandler, R.F.4
  • 62
    • 0031801619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Inf. J.
    • Lazarowych, N., Pekos. P. Drug Inf. J. 1998, 32, 497.
    • (1998) , vol.32 , pp. 497
    • Lazarowych, N.1    Pekos, P.2
  • 64
    • 0004033226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inductively Coupled Plasma-emission Spectroscopy Part 1
    • John Wiley & Sons, New York
    • Boumans, P.W.J.M. Inductively Coupled Plasma-emission Spectroscopy Part 1. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Boumans, P.W.J.M.1
  • 65
    • 2342619321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2000-2202 (WHO/PCS/01.5)
    • WHO, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2000-2202 (WHO/PCS/01.5). International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2000.
    • (2000)
  • 66
    • 0004251762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Pharmacopoeia
    • Anonymous, 3rd edn. Strasbourg Council of Europe
    • Anonymous. European Pharmacopoeia, 3rd edn. Strasbourg Council of Europe, 1996.
    • (1996)
  • 69
    • 0041577995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M., Keller, K., Hansel, R., Chandler, R.F. (eds), Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M., in Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs, De Smet, P.A.G.M., Keller, K., Hansel, R., Chandler, R.F. (eds), Vol. 3. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1997, p. 137.
    • (1997) , vol.3 , pp. 137
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M.1
  • 70
    • 0041577995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M., Keller, K., Hansel, R., Chandler, R.F. (eds), Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M., in Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs,, De Smet, P.A.G.M., Keller, K., Hansel, R., Chandler, R.F. (eds), Vol. 3. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1997, p. 145.
    • (1997) , vol.3 , pp. 145
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M.1
  • 71
    • 0041577995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M., Keller, K., Hansel, R., Chandler, R.F. (eds), Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M., in Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs,, De Smet, P.A.G.M., Keller, K., Hansel, R., Chandler, R.F. (eds), Vol. 3. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1997, p. 129.
    • (1997) , vol.3 , pp. 129
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M.1
  • 72
    • 0003862402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food Safety
    • Marcel Dekker, New York
    • Sinha, K.K. (ed.). Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food Safety. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998.
    • (1998)
    • Sinha, K.K.1
  • 73
    • 0003269788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deutsches Arzneibuch 2000
    • Anonymous, Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, Stuttgart
    • Anonymous. Deutsches Arzneibuch 2000. Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, Stuttgart, 2000.
    • (2000)
  • 74
    • 84889845184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momoopatiscen Arzneibuch 2000
    • Anonymous, Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, Stuttgart
    • Anonymous. Momoopatiscen Arzneibuch 2000. Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, Stuttgart, 2000
    • (2000)
  • 75
    • 34548719441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant Resources of South-East Asia 12 (2): Medicinal and Poisonous Plants 2
    • Backhuys Publ., Leiden
    • van Valkenburg, J.L.C.H., Bunyapraphatsara, N. (eds). Plant Resources of South-East Asia 12 (2): Medicinal and Poisonous Plants 2. Backhuys Publ., Leiden, 2001.
    • (2001)
    • Van Valkenburg, J.L.C.H.1    Bunyapraphatsara, N.2
  • 76
    • 84889854737 scopus 로고
    • The International Pharmacopeia
    • WHO, Tests Methods, and General Requirements, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. The International Pharmacopeia, Vol. 4: Tests Methods, and General Requirements, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1988.
    • (1988) , vol.4
  • 79
    • 84889823117 scopus 로고
    • AMDHPTLC Analysis of Medicinal Plants
    • Proceedings of 4th International Symposium of Instrumental HPTLC, Selvino/Bargamo at Italy
    • Ebel, S., Gigalke, H.J., Voelkl, S. AMDHPTLC Analysis of Medicinal Plants. Proceedings of 4th International Symposium of Instrumental HPTLC, Selvino/Bargamo at Italy, 1987, p. 113.
    • (1987) , pp. 113
    • Ebel, S.1    Gigalke, H.J.2    Voelkl, S.3
  • 83
    • 84889854737 scopus 로고
    • The International Pharmacopeia
    • WHO, Test Methods and General Requirements. Quality Specifications for Pharmaceutical Substances, Excipients, and Dosage Forms, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. The International Pharmacopeia, Vol. 4: Test Methods and General Requirements. Quality Specifications for Pharmaceutical Substances, Excipients, and Dosage Forms, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1994.
    • (1994) , vol.4
  • 84
    • 84889804512 scopus 로고
    • The International Pharmacopeia
    • WHO, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. The International Pharmacopeia, Vol. 2: Quality Specifications, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1983.
    • (1983) Quality Specifications , vol.2
  • 85
    • 84889875181 scopus 로고
    • Test Methods and General Requirements
    • The International Pharmacopeia, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • The International Pharmacopeia, Vol. 4: Test Methods and General Requirements. Quality Specifications for Pharmaceutical Substances, Excipients, and Dosage Forms, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1994.
    • (1994) Quality Specifications for Pharmaceutical Substances, Excipients, and Dosage Forms , vol.4
  • 86
    • 0004329401 scopus 로고
    • Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Health and Safety Guide
    • IPCS, Standards on Chemical Safety Health and Safety Guide No. 26. International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva
    • IPCS. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Health and Safety Guide. Standards on Chemical Safety Health and Safety Guide No. 26. International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva, 1989.
    • (1989)
  • 87
    • 0342615772 scopus 로고
    • New Natural Products and Plant Drugs with Pharmacological, Biological or Therapeutical Activity
    • A.H. Wagner, P. Wolff (eds), Proceedings of the First International Congress on Medicinal Plant Research. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
    • Farnsworth, N.R., Bingel, A.S., in New Natural Products and Plant Drugs with Pharmacological, Biological or Therapeutical Activity. A.H. Wagner, P. Wolff (eds), Proceedings of the First International Congress on Medicinal Plant Research. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1977.
    • (1977)
    • Farnsworth, N.R.1    Bingel, A.S.2
  • 88
    • 84889862942 scopus 로고
    • Br. J. Phytother.
    • Evans, W.C. Br. J. Phytother. 1990, 1, 16.
    • (1990) , vol.1 , pp. 16
    • Evans, W.C.1
  • 90
    • 84889864109 scopus 로고
    • Nephron
    • Segasothy, M., Samad, S. Nephron 1991, 59, 199.
    • (1991) , vol.59 , pp. 199
    • Segasothy, M.1    Samad, S.2
  • 92
    • 0003391968 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants
    • Anonymous, 22nd Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert committee on Food Additives. Technical Report Series 631. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • Anonymous. Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. 22nd Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert committee on Food Additives. Technical Report Series 631. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1978.
    • (1978)
  • 93
    • 0003391968 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants
    • Anonymous, 33rd Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert committee on Food Additives. Technical Report Series 776. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • Anonymous. Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. 33rd Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert committee on Food Additives. Technical Report Series 776. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1989.
    • (1989)
  • 94
    • 0003391968 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants
    • Anonymous, 41st Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert committee on Food Additives. Technical Report Series 837. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • Anonymous. Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. 41st Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert committee on Food Additives. Technical Report Series 837. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993.
    • (1993)
  • 97
    • 0029082214 scopus 로고
    • J. Toxicol-Clin. Toxicol.
    • Nelson, L., Shih, R., Hoffman, R. J. Toxicol-Clin. Toxicol. 1995, 33, 467.
    • (1995) , vol.33 , pp. 467
    • Nelson, L.1    Shih, R.2    Hoffman, R.3
  • 100
    • 0034966310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatr. Emerg. Care.
    • Pitetti, R., Singh, S., Hornyak, D. Pediatr. Emerg. Care. 2001, 17, 165.
    • (2001) , vol.17 , pp. 165
    • Pitetti, R.1    Singh, S.2    Hornyak, D.3
  • 101
    • 0003403076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herb-Drug Interaction Handbook
    • 3rd edn. ISBN 0967877326
    • Herr, S.M. Herb-Drug Interaction Handbook, 3rd edn. ISBN 0967877326, 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Herr, S.M.1
  • 103
    • 0033197018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Am. Med. Womens Assoc.
    • Smolinske, S.C. J. Am. Med. Womens Assoc. 1999, 54, 191.
    • (1999) , vol.54 , pp. 191
    • Smolinske, S.C.1
  • 104
    • 84889868614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lancet
    • Fugh-Berman, A. Lancet 2000, 355, 144.
    • (2000) , vol.355 , pp. 144
    • Fugh-Berman, A.1
  • 105
    • 84889831942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Top ten tips for avoiding drug-herb interactions
    • Accessed January 2004
    • Meneilly, G. Top ten tips for avoiding drug-herb interactions. Living + 2000, 6. http://www.bcpwa.org/issue6/tentips.htm. Accessed January 2004.
    • (2000) Living , pp. 6
    • Meneilly, G.1
  • 106
    • 0037323481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eur. J. Pediatr.
    • Ernst, E. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2003, 162, 72.
    • (2003) , vol.162 , pp. 72
    • Ernst, E.1
  • 107
    • 0031002860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm.
    • Janetzky, K., Morreale, A.P. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 1997, 54, 692.
    • (1997) , vol.54 , pp. 692
    • Janetzky, K.1    Morreale, A.P.2
  • 108
    • 0005516411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal Medicines. House of Commons official report (Hansard).
    • Jowell. T. Herbal Medicines. House of Commons official report (Hansard). 1999, 26, 426.
    • (1999) , vol.26 , pp. 426
    • Jowell, T.1
  • 109
    • 84889801319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holisticonline.com 1998-2005, Accessed August
    • Mathews, J. Holisticonline.com 1998-2005. http://www.holisticonline.com/alt_medicine/altmed_definit ions.htm. Accessed August 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Mathews, J.1
  • 110
    • 0033847448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatrics.
    • Moore, B., Adler, R. Pediatrics. 2000, 106, 600.
    • (2000) , vol.106 , pp. 600
    • Moore, B.1    Adler, R.2
  • 112
    • 0026355852 scopus 로고
    • Adverse Drug React. Toxicol. Rev.
    • D'Arcy, P.F. Adverse Drug React. Toxicol. Rev. 1991, 10, 189.
    • (1991) , vol.10 , pp. 189
    • D'Arcy, P.F.1
  • 113
    • 0027227952 scopus 로고
    • Adverse Drug React. Toxicol. Rev.
    • D'Arcy, P.F. Adverse Drug React. Toxicol. Rev. 1993, 12, 147.
    • (1993) , vol.12 , pp. 147
    • D'Arcy, P.F.1
  • 114
    • 0030892010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N. Engl. J. Med.
    • Rosenblatt, M., Mindei, J. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997, 336, 1108.
    • (1997) , vol.336 , pp. 1108
    • Rosenblatt, M.1    Mindei, J.2
  • 115
    • 0028876465 scopus 로고
    • N. Z. Med. J.
    • Pillans, P.I. N. Z. Med. J. 1995, 108, 469.
    • (1995) , vol.108 , pp. 469
    • Pillans, P.I.1
  • 116
    • 84889821501 scopus 로고
    • Nvwoti
    • in American Herbalism, Tierra, M. (ed.). The Crossing Press, Freedom, CA
    • Winston, D., Nvwoti. in American Herbalism, Tierra, M. (ed.). The Crossing Press, Freedom, CA, 1992.
    • (1992)
    • Winston, D.1
  • 117
    • 0029793301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can. Med. Assoc. J.
    • McRae. S. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1996, 155, 293.
    • (1996) , vol.155 , pp. 293
    • McRae, S.1
  • 118
    • 17644365460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstet. Gynecol.
    • Marcus, D.M., Snodgrass., W.R. Obstet. Gynecol. 2005, 105, 1119.
    • (2005) , vol.105 , pp. 1119
    • Marcus, D.M.1    Snodgrass, W.R.2
  • 119
    • 85086952428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstet. Gynecol.
    • Marcus, D.M., Snodgrass, W.R. Obstet. Gynecol. 2005, 106, 640.
    • (2005) , vol.106 , pp. 640
    • Marcus, D.M.1    Snodgrass, W.R.2
  • 120
    • 0035039199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curr. Opin. Pediatr.
    • Tomassoni, J., Simone, K. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 2001, 13, 162.
    • (2001) , vol.13 , pp. 162
    • Tomassoni, J.1    Simone, K.2
  • 121
    • 84889870285 scopus 로고
    • An Introduction to the Toxicology of Common Botanical Medicines
    • NCNM (National College of Naturopathic Medicine), Oregon, AMA. AMA Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants. American Medical Association, Chicago
    • Brinker, F. An Introduction to the Toxicology of Common Botanical Medicines. NCNM (National College of Naturopathic Medicine), Oregon, 1983. AMA. AMA Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants. American Medical Association, Chicago, 1985.
    • (1983)
    • Brinker, F.1
  • 124
    • 0000719887 scopus 로고
    • Princ. Pract. Oncol.
    • Boyd, N.G. Princ. Pract. Oncol. 1989, 3, 1.
    • (1989) , vol.3 , pp. 1
    • Boyd, N.G.1
  • 125
    • 84889822899 scopus 로고
    • HerbalGram
    • Farnsworth, N.R. HerbalGram (Special Suppl.), 1993, 29, 36A-36H.
    • (1993) , vol.29 , Issue.SPEC. SUPPL..
    • Farnsworth, N.R.1
  • 126
    • 84889762661 scopus 로고
    • Plants: the Potential for Extracting Proteins, Medicines, and Other Useful Chemicals
    • Workshop proceedings. OTA-BP-F-23. US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC
    • Farnsworth, N.R., Loub, W.D., in Plants: the Potential for Extracting Proteins, Medicines, and Other Useful Chemicals. Workshop proceedings. OTA-BP-F-23. US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC, 1983.
    • (1983)
    • Farnsworth, N.R.1    Loub, W.D.2
  • 128
    • 0026556615 scopus 로고
    • Trends Pharmacol. Sci.
    • Strosberg, A.D., Marullo, S. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1992, 13, 95.
    • (1992) , vol.13 , pp. 95
    • Strosberg, A.D.1    Marullo, S.2
  • 129
    • 0013610214 scopus 로고
    • Proc. R. Soc. Edin. B.
    • Hobden, A.N., Harris, T.J.R. Proc. R. Soc. Edin. B. 1992, 99, 37.
    • (1992) , vol.99 , pp. 37
    • Hobden, A.N.1    Harris, T.J.R.2
  • 130
    • 84889824303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicinal Resources of the Tropical Forest
    • Drug development at the national cancer institute, in Balick, M.J., Elisabetsky, E., Laird, S.A. (eds), Columbia University Press, New York
    • Cragg, G.M., Boyd, M.R. Drug development at the national cancer institute, in Balick, M.J., Elisabetsky, E., Laird, S.A. (eds) Medicinal Resources of the Tropical Forest. Columbia University Press, New York, 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Cragg, G.M.1    Boyd, M.R.2
  • 131
    • 0031218463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time
    • Hallowell, C. Time 1997, 150, 16.
    • (1997) , vol.150 , pp. 16
    • Hallowell, C.1
  • 135
    • 84889843427 scopus 로고
    • Am. Hortic
    • Williamson, N. Am. Hortic. 1995, 74.
    • (1995) , pp. 74
    • Williamson, N.1
  • 138
    • 84873435119 scopus 로고
    • FDA Consum
    • Snider, S. FDA Consum. 1991, 31.
    • (1991) , pp. 31
    • Snider, S.1
  • 139
    • 0030917694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Med. J. Aust
    • Drew, A., Myers, S.P., Med. J. Aust. 1997, 166, 538.
    • (1997) , vol.166 , pp. 538
    • Drew, A.1    Myers, S.P.2
  • 140
    • 84889822231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian J. Can. Prev
    • Wichtl, N.G., Wichtl, M. (eds). Asian J. Can. Prev. 2000.
    • (2000)
    • Wichtl, N.G.1    Wichtl, M.2
  • 141
    • 0003772460 scopus 로고
    • Rainforest Remedies: 100 Healing Herbs of Belize
    • Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, WI
    • Arvigo, R., Balick, M. Rainforest Remedies: 100 Healing Herbs of Belize. Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, WI, 1993.
    • (1993)
    • Arvigo, R.1    Balick, M.2
  • 142
    • 0347357905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth Defects Res. B: Dev. Reprod. Toxicol.
    • Rousseaux, C.G., Schachter, H. Birth Defects Res. B: Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. 2003, 68, 505.
    • (2003) , vol.68 , pp. 505
    • Rousseaux, C.G.1    Schachter, H.2
  • 143
    • 0033578922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science
    • Zeisel, S.H. Science 1999, 285, 1853.
    • (1999) , vol.285 , pp. 1853
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 145
    • 84889853768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative Health Care: The Canadian Directory
    • Nobel Agnes Publishing, Toronto
    • Haden, B.L., Haden, C.R. Alternative Health Care: The Canadian Directory. Nobel Agnes Publishing, Toronto, 1997.
    • (1997)
    • Haden, B.L.1    Haden, C.R.2
  • 146
    • 78751505154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GMP for Botanicals: Regulatory and Quality Issues on Phytomedicines
    • Business Horizons, New Delhi
    • Mukherjee, P.K., Verpoorte R. (eds) GMP for Botanicals: Regulatory and Quality Issues on Phytomedicines. Business Horizons, New Delhi, 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Mukherjee, P.K.1    Verpoorte, R.2
  • 147
    • 3543066750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 148
    • 0003919220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory Situation of Herbal Medicines
    • WHO, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, A Worldwide Review. World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Regulatory Situation of Herbal Medicines. A Worldwide Review. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 149
    • 0003919220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory Situation of Herbal Medicines: a Worldwide Review
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Regulatory Situation of Herbal Medicines: a Worldwide Review. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 150
    • 0003886997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the Regulatory Assessment of Medicinal Products for Use in Self Medication
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Guidelines for the Regulatory Assessment of Medicinal Products for Use in Self Medication. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 151
    • 0003931628 scopus 로고
    • Research Guidelines for the Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicines
    • WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva
    • WHO. Research Guidelines for the Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicines. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993
    • (1993)
  • 152
    • 0003755459 scopus 로고
    • Herbal Medicine for Human Health
    • SEARO, No. 20. World Health Organization, New Delhi
    • Chaudhury R.R. Herbal Medicine for Human Health. SEARO, No. 20. World Health Organization, New Delhi, 1992.
    • (1992)
    • Chaudhury, R.R.1
  • 153
    • 84889835857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HerbalGram
    • Lueng, A. HerbalGram 2000, 48, 63.
    • (2000) , vol.48 , pp. 63
    • Lueng, A.1
  • 154
    • 84889833901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural products chemistry and phytomedicine research in the new millennium: new developments and challenges
    • Accessed 26 September
    • Wagner, H. Natural products chemistry and phytomedicine research in the new millennium: new developments and challenges. http://www.arkat-usa.org/ark/journal/2004/I07_Antus/SA-1008R/1008R.asp. Accessed 26 September 2005, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Wagner, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.