Complex refractive indices of thin films of secondary organic materials by spectroscopic ellipsometry from 220 to 1200 nm

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 47, Issue 23, 2013, Pages 13594-13601

  Liu, Pengfei ^a   Zhang, Yue ^a   Martin, Scot T ^a,b  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE INDEX; ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATION; REAL AND IMAGINARY; SILICON SUBSTRATES; SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETERS; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE;

AEROSOLS; ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATORS; MONOTERPENES; OZONE; PHENOLS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; THIN FILMS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

REFRACTIVE INDEX;

CATECHOL; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; LIMONENE; ORGANIC COMPOUND; PINENE; SILICON; AEROSOL; ALPHA-PINENE; CATECHOL DERIVATIVE; CYCLOHEXENE DERIVATIVE; OZONE; TERPENE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AEROSOL; ALBEDO; BIOFILM; OPTICAL DEPTH; OZONE; PRECIPITATION (CHEMISTRY); REFRACTION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SILICON; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER; SPECTROSCOPY; SUBSTRATE; TERPENE; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; WAVELENGTH;

ALBEDO; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATION; ELLIPSOMETRY; FILM; NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; OZONOLYSIS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; REMOTE SENSING; SYNTHESIS; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; AEROSOL; CHEMISTRY; DEVICES; LIGHT; PROCEDURES; REFRACTOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; THEORETICAL MODEL;

AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERE; CATECHOLS; CYCLOHEXENES; LIGHT; MODELS, THEORETICAL; MONOTERPENES; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; OZONE; REFRACTOMETRY; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; TERPENES; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84889781446     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es403411e     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Kaufman, Y. J.; Tanre, D.; Boucher, O. A Satellite View of Aerosols in the Climate System Nature 2002, 419, 215-223
2. Bellouin, N.; Boucher, O.; Haywood, J.; Reddy, M. S. Global Estimate of Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing from Satellite Measurements Nature 2005, 438, 1138-1141
3. Dickerson, R. R.; Kondragunta, S.; Stenchikov, G.; Civerolo, K. L.; Doddridge, B. G.; Holben, B. N. The Impact of Aerosols on Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Photochemical Smog Science 1997, 278, 827-830
4. Remer, L. A. The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products, and Validation J. Atmos. Sci. 2005, 62, 947-973
5. Torres, O.; Tanskanen, A.; Veihelmann, B.; Ahn, C.; Braak, R.; Bhartia, P. K.; Veefkind, P.; Levelt, P. Aerosols and Surface UV Products from Ozone Monitoring Instrument Observations: An Overview J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112, D24S47
6. Hess, M.; Koepke, P.; Schult, I. Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds: The Software Package OPAC Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 1998, 79, 831-844
7. Hallquist, M. The Formation, Properties and Impact of Secondary Organic Aerosol: Current and Emerging Issues Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9, 5155-5236
8. Scott, C. E.; Rap, A.; Spracklen, D. V.; Forster, P. M.; Carslaw, K. S.; Mann, G. W.; Pringle, K. J.; Kivekäs, N.; Kulmala, M.; Lihavainen, H.; Tunved, P. The Direct and Indirect Radiative Effects of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 2013, 13, 16961-17019
9. Ming, Y.; Ramaswamy, V.; Ginoux, P. A.; Horowitz, L. H. Direct Radiative Forcing of Anthropogenic Organic Aerosol J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110, D20208
10. Kim, H.; Barkey, B.; Paulson, S. E. Real Refractive Indices of Alpha- And Beta-Pinene and Toluene Secondary Organic Aerosols Generated from Ozonolysis and Photo-Oxidation J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115, D24212
11. Ofner, J.; Kruger, H. U.; Grothe, H.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Whitmore, K.; Zetzsch, C. Physico-chemical Characterization of SOA Derived from Catechol and Guaiacol-A Model Substance for the Aromatic Fraction of Atmospheric HULIS Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11, 1-15
12. Shapiro, E. L.; Szprengiel, J.; Sareen, N.; Jen, C. N.; Giordano, M. R.; McNeill, V. F. Light-absorbing Secondary Organic Material Formed by Glyoxal in Aqueous Aerosol Mimics Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9, 2289-2300
13. Updyke, K. M.; Nguyen, T. B.; Nizkorodov, S. A. Formation of Brown Carbon via Reactions of Ammonia with Secondary Organic Aerosols from Biogenic and Anthropogenic Precursors Atmos. Environ. 2012, 63, 22-31
14. Jacobson, M. Z. Isolating Nitrated and Aromatic Aerosols and Nitrated Aromatic Gases As Sources of Ultraviolet Light Absorption J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104, 3527-3542
15. Laskin, J.; Laskin, A.; Roach, P. J.; Slysz, G. W.; Anderson, G. A.; Nizkorodov, S. A.; Bones, D. L.; Nguyen, L. Q. High-Resolution Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Chemical Characterization of Organic Aerosols Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 2048-2058
16. Hoffer, A.; Gelencsér, A.; Guyon, P.; Kiss, G.; Schmid, O.; Frank, G. P.; Artaxo, P.; Andreae, M. O. Optical Properties of Humic-Like Substances (HULIS) in Biomass-Burning Aerosols Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2006, 6, 3563-3570
17. Kirchstetter, T. W.; Novakov, T.; Hobbs, P. V. Evidence that the Spectral Dependence of Light Absorption by Aerosols Is Affected by Organic Carbon J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109, D21208
18. Andreae, M. O.; Gelencser, A. Black Carbon or Brown Carbon? The Nature of Light-Absorbing Carbonaceous Aerosols Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2006, 6, 3131-3148
19. Zhong, M.; Jang, M. Light Absorption Coefficient Measurement of SOA using a UV-Visible Spectrometer Connected with an Integrating Sphere Atmos. Environ. 2011, 45, 4263-4271
20. Lambe, A. T.; Cappa, C. D.; Massoli, P.; Onasch, T. B.; Forestieri, S. D.; Martin, A. T.; Cummings, M. J.; Croasdale, D. R.; Brune, W. H.; Worsnop, D. R.; Davidovits, P. Relationship between Oxidation Level and Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosol Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 6349-6357
21. Kim, H.; Paulson, S. E. Real Refractive Indices and Volatility of Secondary Organic Aerosol Generated from Photooxidation and Ozonolysis of Limonene, α-Pinene and Toluene Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2013, 13, 7711-7723
22. Nakayama, T.; Matsumi, Y.; Sato, K.; Imamura, T.; Yamazaki, A.; Uchiyama, A. Laboratory Studies on Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosols Generated during the Photooxidation of Toluene and the Ozonolysis of Alpha-Pinene J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115, D24204
23. Nakayama, T.; Sato, K.; Matsumi, Y.; Imamura, T.; Yamazaki, A.; Uchiyama, A. Wavelength Dependence of Refractive Index of Secondary Organic Aerosols Generated during the Ozonolysis and Photooxidation of α-Pinene SOLA 2012, 8, 119-123
24. Nakayama, T.; Sato, K.; Matsumi, Y.; Imamura, T.; Yamazaki, A.; Uchiyama, A. Wavelength and NOx Dependent Complex Refractive Index of SOAs Generated from the Photooxidation of Toluene Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2013, 13, 531-545
25. Redmond, H.; Thompson, J. E. Evaluation of a Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) for Predicting Mid-Visible Refractive Index of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 6872-6882
26. Fujiwara, H., Spectroscopic ellipsometry: principles and applications. Wiley: 2007.
27. Tammer, M.; Monkman, A. P. Measurement of the Anisotropic Refractive Indices of Spin Cast Thin Poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p- phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) Films Adv. Mater. 2002, 14, 210-212
28. Ramsdale, C. M.; Greenham, N. C. Ellipsometric Determination of Anisotropic Optical Constants in Electroluminescent Conjugated Polymers Adv. Mater. 2002, 14, 212-215
29. McNeill, V. F.; Loerting, T.; Geiger, F. M.; Trout, B. L.; Molina, M. J. Hydrogen Chloride-Induced Surface Disordering on Ice Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2006, 103, 9422-9427
30. Kanakidou, M. Organic Aerosol and Global Climate Modelling: A Review Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2005, 5, 1053-1123
31. Shrestha, M.; Zhang, Y.; Ebben, C. J.; Martin, S. T.; Geiger, F. M. Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Secondary Organic Material Produced by Condensational Growth from α-Pinene Ozonolysis J. Phys. Chem. A 2013, 117, 8427-8436
32. Liu, Y. J.; Herdlinger-Blatt, I.; McKinney, K. A.; Martin, S. T. Production of Methyl Vinyl Ketone and Methacrolein via the Hydroperoxyl Pathway of Isoprene Oxidation Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2013, 13, 5715-5730
33. Dixkens, J.; Fissan, H. Development of an Electrostatic Precipitator for off-Line Particle Analysis Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1999, 30, 438-453
34. Guide to Using WVASE32: Software for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Data Acquisition and Analysis; J.A. Woollam Co., Inc., 2008.
35. Kuwata, M.; Zorn, S. R.; Martin, S. T. Using Elemental Ratios to Predict the Density of Organic Material Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 787-794
36. Chen, Q.; Liu, Y.; Donahue, N. M.; Shilling, J. E.; Martin, S. T. Particle-phase Chemistry of Secondary Organic Material: Modeled Compared to Measured O:C and H:C Elemental Ratios Provide Constraints Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 4763-4770
37. Yang, C.-J.; Jenekhe, S. A. Group Contribution to Molar Refraction and Refractive Index of Conjugated Polymers Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 1276-1285
38. Jenkins, F.; White, H., Fundamentals of optics, fourth ed.; McGraw-Hill Higher Education: New York, 1976.
39. Toole, J. R.; Renbaum-Wolff, L.; Smith, G. D. A Calibration Technique for Improving Refractive Index Retrieval from Aerosol Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 955-965
40. Shilling, J. E.; Chen, Q.; King, S. M.; Rosenoern, T.; Kroll, J. H.; Worsnop, D. R.; DeCarlo, P. F.; Aiken, A. C.; Sueper, D.; Jimenez, J. L.; Martin, S. T. Loading-dependent Elemental Composition of Alpha-Pinene SOA Particles Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9, 771-782
41. Martin, S. T. Sources and Properties of Amazonian Aerosol Particles Rev. Geophys. 2010, 48, RG2002
42. Chen, Q. Mass Spectral Characterization of Submicron Biogenic Organic Particles in the Amazon Basin Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36, L20806
43. Martin, S. T. An Overview of the Amazonian Aerosol Characterization Experiment 2008 (AMAZE-08) Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10, 11415-11438
44. Pöschl, U. Rainforest Aerosols As Biogenic Nuclei of Clouds and Precipitation in the Amazon Science 2010, 329, 1513-1516
45. Bohren, C. F.; Huffman, D. R. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles; Wiley: New York, 1983; p 530.
46. Kinne, S. Monthly Averages of Aerosol Properties: A Global Comparison among Models, Satellite Data, and AERONET Ground Data J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108, 4634
47. Zaveri, R. A.; Barnard, J. C.; Easter, R. C.; Riemer, N.; West, M. Particle-resolved Simulation of Aerosol Size, Composition, Mixing State, and the Associated Optical and Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activation Properties in an Evolving Urban Plume J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115, D17210
48. Schuster, G. L.; Dubovik, O.; Holben, B. N. Angstrom Exponent and Bimodal Aerosol Size Distributions J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111, D07207