Neotyphodium Research and Application in the USA

Neotyphodium in Cool-Season Grasses

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-22

  Fribourg, Henry A ^a   Waller, John C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

Author keywords

Average daily gains; Ergot alkaloids; Fescue toxicosis; Insect populations; Nontoxic endophyte

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889353413     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470384916.ch1a     Document Type: Chapter

References (112)

1. Aiken, G.E., E.L. Piper, and C.R. Miesner. 2001. Influence of protein supplementation and implant status on alleviating fescue toxicosis. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 827-832.
2. Al-Haidary, A., D.E. Spiers, G.E. Rottinghaus, G.B. Gamer, and M.R. Ellersieck. 2001. Thermoregulatory ability of beef heifers following intake of endophyte-infected tall fescue during controlIed heat challenge. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 1780-1788.
3. Al-Tamimi, H., and D. Spiers. 2002. Relationship between nitric oxide activity and fescue toxicosis-induced hyperthemia. In Proc. SERA-IEGB 2002 Workshop. '
4. Alison, A. 2002. Evaluation of tall fescue with differing endophyte status. In Proc. SERAIEG/ 8 2002 Workshop.
5. Allen, V.G., K.R. Pond, K.E. Saker, J.P. Fontenot. C.P. Bagley, R.L. Ivy, R.R. Evans, C.P. Brown, M.F. Miller, J.L. Montgomery, T.M. Dettle, and D.B. Wester. 2001. Tasco-Forage. 111. Influence of a seaweed extract on performance, monocyte immune cell response, and carcass characteristics in feedlot-finished steers. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 1032-1040.
6. Allen. V.G., and E. Segarra. 2001. Anti-quality components in forage: Overview, significance, and economic impact. J. Range Manage. 54:409-412.
7. Andrae, J., N. Hill, and J. Bouton. 2003a. Effect of tall fescue endophyte status and white clover addition on ergot alkaloid urinary excretion and performance of stocker cattle grazing tall fescue. In Pm. SERA-IEG/8 2003 Workshop.'
8. Andrae, J., N. Hill, and T. Murphy. 2003b. Herbicide applications and subsequent er ot alkaloid content of renovated toxic tall fescue. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2003 Workshop.
9. Asay, K.H., K.B. Jensen, and B.L. Waldron. 2001. Responses of tall fescue cultivars to an irrigation gradient. Crop Sci. 41:350-357.
10. Ball, D.M., S.P. Schmidt, G.D. Lacefield, C.S. Hoveland, and W.C. Young III. 2003. Tall fescueiendophyte concepts. Spec. Publ. 1-03. Oregon Tall Fescue Comm., Salem, OR.
11. Best, T.G., J.L. Howell, J.E. Huston, and R.R. Evans. 2002. Evaluation of fungus infected, fungus free and novel endophyte fescues as roughage sources for developing replacement heifers. In Proc. SERA-IEG/S 2002 Workshop.'
12. Bouton, J., J. Andrae, N. Hill, and C. Hoveland. 2003. Steer performance on 'Jesup' tall fescue containing different endophyte strains and inter-planted with 'Durana' white clover. In Proc. SERA-IEGI8 2003 Workshop.'
13. Bouton, J., J. Bondurant, N. Hill, L. Hawkins, C. Hoveland, M. McCann, F. Thompson, R. Watson, S. Easton, L. Fletcher, G. Latch, and B. Tapper. 2000. Alleviating tall fescue toxicosis problem with non-toxic endophytes. In Proc. SERA-IEGW 2000 Workshop.'
14. Bouton, J., R. Gates, N. Hill, and C. Hoveland. 2002a. Agronomic trials with MaxQ tall fescue. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2002 Workshop.'
15. Bouton, J.H., R.N. Gates, and C.S. Hoveland. 2001. Selection for persistence in endophytefree Kentucky 31 tall fescue. Crop Sci. 41:1026-1028.
16. Bouton, J.H. and A.A. Hopkins. 2003. Commercial applications of endophytic fungi. p. 495-516. In J.F. White et al. (ed.) Clavicipitalean fungi: Evolutionary biology, chemistry, biocontrol, and cultural impacts. Marcel Dekker, New York.
17. Bouton, J.H., G.C.M. Latch, N.S. Hill, C.S. Hoveland, M.A. McCann, R.H. Watson, J.A. Parish, L.L. Hawkins, and F.N. Thompson. 2002b. Reinfection of tall fescue cultivars with non-ergot alkaloid-producing endophytes. Agron. J. 94 567-574
18. Browning, R., Jr. 2000. Physiological responses of Brahman and Hereford steers to an acute ergotamine challenge. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 124-130.
19. Browning, R., Jr., S.J. Gissendanner, and T. Wakefield, Jr. 2000. Ergotamine alters plasma concentrations of glucagons, insulin, cortisol, and triiodothyronine in cows. J. Anim. Sci. 78:690-698.
20. Bultman, T.L., and N.J. Conard. 1998. Effects of endophytic fungus, nutrient level, and plant damage on performance of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ. Entomol.21;631-635.
21. Burke, J.M., W.G. Jackson, and G.A. Robson. 2002. Seasonal changes in body weight and condition, and pregnancy and lambing rates of sheep on endophyte-infected tall fescue in the south-eastem United States. Small Rumin. Res. 44:141-151.
22. Burke, J.M., and R.W. Rorie. 2002. Changes in ovarian function in mature beef cows grazing endophyte infected tall fescue. Theriogenology 57: 1733-1 742.
23. Burke, J.M., R.W. Rorie, E.L. Piper, and W.G. Jackson. 2001. Reproductive responses to grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue by postpartum beef cows. Theriogenology 56;357-369.
24. Burke, J.M., D.E. Spiers, F.N. Kojima, G.A. Perry, B.E. Salfen, S.L. Wood, D.J. Patterson, M.F. Smith, M.C. Lucy, W.G. Jackson, and E.L. Piper. 2004. Interaction of endophyteinfected fescue and heat stress on ovarian function in the beef heifer. Biol. Reprod. 65:260-268.
25. Clay, K., and J. Holah. 1999. Fungal endophyte symbiosis and plant diversity in successional fields. Science (Washington, DC) 285: 1742-1744.
26. Clement, S.L., L.R. Elberson, N.N. Youssef, C.M. Davitt, and R.P. Doss. 2001. Incidence and diversity of Neotyphodium fungal endophytes in tall fescue from Morocco, Tunisia, and Sardinia. Crop Sci. 41:57&576.
27. Coblentz, W., K. Coffey, Z. Johnson, D. Kreider, A. Moubarak, M. Nihsen, R. Rorie, C. Rosenkrans, Jr., and C. West. 2003a. Effects of stockpiled fescue cultivars on cattle development. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2003 Workshop.'
28. Coblentz, W., K. Coffey, Z. Johnson, D. Kreider, A. Moubarak, M. Nihsen, R. Rorie, C. Rosenkrans, Jr., and C. West. 2003b. Hepatic metabolism of ergot alkaloids in beef cattle by cytochrome P450. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2003 Workshop.'
29. Coffey, K., W. Coblentz, T. Smith, J. Tumer, D. Scarbrough, B. Humphry, and C. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2003. Forage systems to reduce long-term impacts of tall fescue toxicosis on cattle. In Proc. SERA-IEG/I 2003 Workshop.'
30. Conover, M.R. 1998. Impact of consuming tall fescue leaves with the endophytic fungus, Acremonium coenophialum, on meadow voles. J. Mammal. 79:457-463.
31. Conover, M.R. 2003. Impact of consuming tall fescue seeds infected with the endophytic fungus, Neoryphodium coenophialurn, on reproduction of chickens. Theriogenology 59:5-6.
32. Craig, A.M. 2003. Oregon annual progress report. In Proc. SERA-IEG/O 2003 Workshop.'
33. Cross, D.L., K. Anas, W.C. Bridges, and T. Gimenez. 2000. Clinical efticacy of domperidone for treatment of fescue toxicosis in periparturient mares. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2000 Workshop.'
34. Dennis, S.B., V.G. Allen, K.E. Saker, J.P. Fontenot, J.Y.M. Ayad, and C.P. Brown. 1998. Influence of Neotyphodium coenophialum on copper concentration in tall fescue. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2687-2693.
35. Duckett, S., J. Andrae, M. McCann, and D. Gill, 2001. Performance and carcass quality of cattle finished after grazing non-toxic endophyte-infected (MaxQTU)t,o xic endophyteinfected, or endophyte-he tall fescue. In Proc. SERA-IEGII 2001 Workshop.'
36. Eichen, P.A., S.A. Clark, M.J. Leonard, and D.E. Spiers. 2001. Identification of animal sensitivity to fescue toxicosis using mouse and cattle studies. In Proc. SERA-IEG18 2001 Workshop.'
37. Eichen, P.A., M.J. Leonard, M.A. Kozma, B.M. Kronk, L.E. McVicker, D.E. Spiers, and D.P. Colling. 2003. Is iodide responsible for the heat-relief effects of Ascophyllum nodosum? J. Anim. Sci. 81(Suppl. 1):155.
38. Elmi, A.A., C.P. West, R.T. Robbins, and T.L. Kukpatrick. 2000. Endophyte effects on reproduction of a root-knot nematode (Mefoidogyne marylandi) and osmotic adjustment in tall fescue. Grass Forage Sci. 55166-172.
39. Ely, D.G., D.K Aaron, and V. Akay. 2004. Use of a modified glucomannan to increase beef production from endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture. p. 93. In 20th Proc. Annu. Syrnp. Nutr. Biotechnol. Feed Food Ind. 24-26 May.
40. Filipov, N.M., F.N. Thompson, N.S. Hill, D.L. Dawe, J.A. Stuedemann, J.C. Price, and C.K. Smith. 1998. Vaccination against ergot alkaloids and the effect of endophyte-infected fescue seed-based diets on rabbits. J. h i m . Sci. 76:2456-2463.
41. Fisher, A.E., W.W. Gill, C.D. Lane, Jr., D.K. Joines, and J.B. Neel. 2003. Update on Tennessee tall fescue mineral study. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2003 Workshop.'
42. Fontenot, J.P., A. Brock, R.K. Shanklin, P. Peterson, and J. Fike. 2001. Grazing-tolerant alfalfa and tall fescue pastures mixtures for stocker cattle. In Proc. SERA-IEGIS 2001 Workshop.'
43. Fortier, G.M., M.A. Osmon, M. Roach, and K. Clay. 2001. Are female voles food limited? Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue on home range size in female prairie voles (Microtus orchroguster). Am. Midl. Nat. 146:63-71.
44. Franzleubbers, A.J., J.A. Stuedemann, and H.H. Schomberg. 2000. Spatial distribution of soil carbon and nitrogen pools under grazed tall fescue. Soil Sci. SOC. Am. J. 64:635439.
45. Fribourg, H.A., J.C. Waller, and G.E. Bates. 2001. Methods for eliminating endophyte-infested tall fescue prior to establishing endophyte-free or nontoxic endophyte tall fescue pastures. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2001 Workshop.'
46. Fribourg, H.A., J.C. Waller, G.C.M. Latch, L.R. Fletcher, H.S. Easton, and A.E. Stratton. 2002. Evaluation under grazing of tall fescue cultivars infected with different endophytes. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2002 Workshop.'
47. Fribourg, H.A., J.C. Waller, J.H. Reynolds, K.D. Gwinn, M.A. Mueller, R.B. Graves, J.W. Oliver, and R.D. Linnabary. 2000a. Forage productivity and stand longevity of E- and E+ tall fescue pastures and steer performance at two stocking densities at the Knoxville Experiment Station. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2000 Workshop.'
48. Fribourg, H.A., J.C. Waller, M.C. Smith, and R.B. Graves. 2000b. Evaluation of clover stand persistence under grazing in tall fescue pastures at Knoxville and at Ames plantations. In Proc. SERA-IEGl8 2000 Workshop.'
49. Gadbeny, M.S., T.M. Denard, D.E. Spiers, and E.L. Piper. 2003. Effects of feeding ergovaline on lamb performance in a heat stress environment. J. Anim . Sci. 81 : 153 8-1 545.
50. Gates, R.N., G.M. Hill, and J.H. Bouton. 1999. Wintering beef cattle on mixtures of 'Georgia-5' tall fescue and warm-season perennial grasses on Coastal Plain soils. J. Prod. Agric. 12;581-587.
51. Henning, J.C., R.F. Spitaleri, T.D. Phillips, G.D. Lacefield, C.T. Dougherty, and J.E. Roberts. 2002. Grazing tolerance of tall fescue varieties in Kentucky. In Proc. SERA-IEGII 2002 Workshop.'
52. Hill, N.S., J.H. Bouton, E.E. Hiatt III, and B. Kittle. 2003. Seed maturity, germination, and endophyte relationships in tall fescue. In Proc. SERA-IEG/S 2003 Workshop.'
53. Hill, N.S., J.H. Bouton, F.N. Thompson, L. Hawkins, C.S. Hoveland, and M.A. McCann. 2002a. Performance of tall fescue germplasms bred for high- and low-ergot alkaloids. Crop Sci. 42: 518-523.
54. Hill, N.S., and E. Brown. 2000. Endophyte viability in seedling tall fescue treated with fungicides. Crop Sci. 40:1490-1491.
55. Hill, N.S., E.E. Hiatt III, J.H. Bouton, and B. Tapper. 2002b. Strain-specific monoclonal antibodies to a nontoxic tall fescue endophyte. Crop Sci. 42:1627-1630.
56. Hill, N.S., H.J. Ju, and J.H. Bouton. 2002c. Germination kinetics of tall fescue seed harvested at varying stages of maturity. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2002 Workshop.'
57. Hill, N.S., F.N. Thompson, J.A. Stuedemann, G.W. Rottinghaus, H.J. Ju, D.L. Dawe, and E.E. Hiatt III. 2001. Ergot alkaloid transport across ruminant gastric tissue. J. Anim. Sci. 79;542-549.
58. Hill, N., C. West, R. Kallenbach, J. Henning, and C. Agee. 2003. Seed labels for non-toxic endophyte-infected grasses. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2003 Workshop.'
59. Hopkins, A. 2003. Development of non-toxic tall fescue cultivars and performance of steers grazing various tall fescue+ndophyte combinations. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2003 Workshop.'
60. Hoveland, C.S. 2003. Introduction. In H.A. Fribourg and D. Hannaway (ed.) Tall fescue information system. Available at http://forages.oregonstate.edu/is/tfis( verified 2 Sept. 2004). Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
61. Hoveland, C.S., J.H. Bouton, and R.G. Durham. 1999. Fungal endophyte effects on production of legumes in association with tall fescue. Agron. J. 91397-902.
62. Humphries, S.S., K.D. Gwinn, and A.J. Stewart. 2001. Effects of endophyte status of tall fescue tissues on the earthworm (Eiseniu fefidu). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20: 1346 1350.
63. Humphry, J.B., K.P. Coffey, J.L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, and L.W. Lomas. 2002. Intake, digestion, and digestive characteristics of Neowphodium coenophiulum-infected and uninfected fescue by heifers offered hay diets supplemented with Aspergillus oryzue fermentation extract of laidlomycin propionate. J. Anim. Sci. 80:225-234.
64. Jones, K.L., S.S. King, K.E. Griswold, D. Cazac, and D.L. Cross. 2003. Domperidone can ameliorate deleterious reproductive effects and reduced weight gain associated with fescue toxicosis in heifers. J. h i m . Sci. 81:2568-2574.
65. Jones, K.L., S.S. King, and M.J. Iqbal. 2004. Endophyte-infected tall fescue diet alters gene expression in heifer luteal tissue as revealed by interspecies micromay analysis. Mol. Reprod. Develop. 67: 154-161.
66. Ju, H.J., T. Abbott, K. Ingram, and N.S. Hill. 2003. Seasonal variation and environmental effects on endophyte transmission in tall fescue. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2003 Workshop.'
67. Kallenbach, R.L., G.J. Bishop-Hurley, M.D. Massie, G.E. Rottinghaus, and C.P. West. 2003. Herbage mass, nub-itive value, and ergovaline concentration of stockpiled tall fescue. Crop Sci. 43:1OO1-1005.
68. Lacefield, G.D., J.C. Henning, and T.D. Phillips. 2003. Tall fescue. Univ. Kentucky Coop. Ext. Sew. AGR-59. Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington.
69. Lakritz, J., M.J. Leonard, P.A. Eichen, G.E. Rottinghaus, G.C. Johnson, and D.E. Spiers. 2002. Whole-blood concentrations of glutathione in cattle exposed to heat stress or a combination of heat stress and endophyte-infected tall fescue toxins in controlled environmental conditions. Am. J. Vet. Res. 63:799-803.
70. Lang, D., R. Elmore, M. Salem, A. Tokitkla, and R. Given. 2001. Persistence and preference of novel endophyte tall fescue. In Proc. SERA-IEGII 2002 Workshop.'
71. Lomas, L.W., J.L. Moyer, and G.L. Kilgore. 1999. Effect of interseeding legumes into endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures on forage production and steer performance. J. Prod. Agric. 12:479483.
72. Macoon, B., R.C. Vann, and F.T. Withers, Jr. 2002. Animal and forage responses on novel endophyte fescue compared with ryegrass pastures. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2002 Workshop.'
73. Malinoswki, D.P., and D.P. Belesky. 1999a. Neotyphodium coenophiulum-endophyte infection affects the ability of tall fescue to use sparingly available phosphorus. J. Plant Nutr. 79542-549. 22:835-853.
74. Malinoswki, D.P., and D.P. Belesky. 1999b. Tall fescue aluminum tolerance is affected by Neotyphodium coenophialum endophyte. J. Plant Nutr. 22: 1335-1349.
75. Malinoswki, D.P., and D.P. Belesky. 2000. Adaptations of endophyte-infected cool-season grasses to environmental stresses: mechanisms of drought and mineral stress tolerance. Crop Sci. 40:923-940.
76. Marek, S.M., C.A. Roberts, A.L. Karr, and D.A. Sleper. 2000. Chitinase activity in tall fescue seedlings as affected by cultivar, seedling development, and ethephon. Crop Sci. 40;713-716.
77. Moubarak, A., C. Rosenkrans, Jr., and Z. Johnson. 2003. Modulation of cytochrome P450 metabolism of ergonovine and dihydroergotamine. Vet. Human Toxicol. 45:6-9.
78. Moy, M., H.M. Li, R. Sullivan, J.F. White, Jr., and F.C. Belanger. 2002. Endophytic fungal beta-1,6-glucanase expression in the infected host grass. Plant Physiol. 130: 1298-1308.
79. Murphey, J., T. Smith, B. Johnson, and D. Lang. 2002. A comparison of Jesup MaxQB nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue and Jackson@ annual ryegrass as forages for lactating dairy cows. In Proc. SERA-IEGI8 2002 Workshop.'
80. Nihsen, M.E., E.L. Piper, C.P. West, R.J. Crawford, T.M. Denard, Z.B. Johnson, C.A. Roberts, D.A. Spiers, and C.F. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2004. Growth rate and physiology of steers grazing tall fescue inoculated with novel endophytes. J. Anim . Sci. 82:878-883.
81. Oliver, J.W., H. Al-Tamimi, J.C. Waller, H.A. Fribourg, K.D. Gwinn, L.K. Abney, and R.D. Linnabary. 2001. Effect of chronic exposure of beef steers to the endophytic hngus tall fescue: Comparative effects on nitric oxide synthase activity and nitratehitrite levels in lateral saphenous veins. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2001 Workshop.'
82. Oliver, J.W., S.K. Cox, J.C. Waller, H.A. Fribourg, K.D. Gwinn, B.W. Rohrbach, and R.D. Linnabary. 2000a. Effect of chronic exposure of beef steers to the endophytic fungus of tall fescue: Comparative effects on serum arginine levels. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2000 Workshop.'
83. Oliver, J.W., A.E. Schultze, B.W. Rohrbach, H.A. Fribourg, T. Ingle, and J.C. Waller. 2000b. Alterations in hemograms and serum biochemical analytes of steers after prolonged consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1029-1035.
84. Parish, J.A., M.A. McCann, R.H. Watson, C.S. Hoveland, L.L. Hawkins, N.S. Hill, and J.H. Bouton. 2003a. Use of nonergot alkaloid-producing endophytes for alleviating tall fescue toxicosis in sheep. J. Anim Sci. 81:1316-1322.
85. Parish, J.A., M.A. McCann, R.H. Watson, C.S. Hoveland, L.L. Hawkins, N.S. Hill, and J.H. Bouton. 2003b. Use of nonergot alkaloid-producing endophytes for alleviating tall fescue toxicosis in stocker cattle. J. Anim Sci. 81:2856-2868.
86. Parish, J.A., C.P. West, J.A. Jennings, and S.M. Jones. 2003c. "Friendly" endophyte-infected tall fescue for livestock production. Univ. Arkansas Coop. Ext. Sew. FSA2 140-PD-7-03N. Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
87. Roberts, C., R. Kallenbach, and N. Hill. 2002a. Harvest and storage method affects ergot alkaloid concentration in tall fescue [Online]. Available at www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/cm/. Crop Manage. DO1 10.1094/cm-2002-09 17-0 1 -BR.
88. Roberts, C.A., D.E. Spiers, A.L. Karr, H.R. Benedict, D.A. Sleper, P.A. Eichen, C.P. West, E.L. Piper, and G.E. Rottinghaus. 2002b. Use of a rat model to evaluate tall fescue seed infected with introduced strains of Neofyphodium coenophiulum. J. Agtic. Food Chem. 50;5742-5745.
89. Ross, M.K., W.D. Hohenboken, R.G. Saacke, and L.A. Kuehn. 2004. Effects of feeding endophyte-infected fescue seed on reproductive traits of male mice divergently selected for resistance or susceptibility to fescue toxicosis. Theriogenology 61 :651-662.
90. Ryan, P.L., K. Bennett-Wimbush, W.E. Vaala, and C.A. Bagnell. 2001a. Systemic relaxin in pregnant pony mares grazed on endophyte-infected fescue: Effects of fluthenazine treatment. Theriogenology 56:471-483.
91. Ryan, P., B. Rude, B. Warren, L. Boyd, D. Lang, R. Elmore, R. Given, D. Scruggs and, R. Hopper. 2000. Determination of pregnancy outcome of mares grazed on a toxic-free endophyte-infected tall fescue (MaxQ). In Roc. SERA-IEG18 2000 Workshop.'
92. Ryan, P., B. Rude, B. Warren, L. Boyd, D. Lang, D.Scruggs and, R . Hopper. 2001b. Effects of exposing late-term pregnant mares to toxic and non-toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures. In Proc. SERA-IEGI8 2001 Workshop.'
93. Salvat, A.E., and H.M. Godoy. 2001. A simple thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection of ergovaline in leaf sheaths of tall fescue (Festuca urundinuceu) infected with Neotyphodium coenophialurn. J. Vet. Diag. Invest. 13:446449.
94. Schnitzius, J., N.D. Hill, C.S. Thompson, and A.M. Craig. 2001. Semi-quantitative determination of ergot alkaloids in seed, straw and digesta samples using a competitive ELISA assay. J. Vet. Diag. Invest. 13(3):23&237.
95. Schomberg, H.H., J.A. Stuedemann, A.J. Franzluebbers, and S.R. Wilkinson. 2000. Spatial distribution of extractable phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium as influenced by fertilizer and tall fescue endophyte status. Agron. J. 92:981-986.
96. Schoning, C., M. Flieger, and H.H. Pertz. 2001. Complex interaction of ergovaline with 5-HT2A, 5-HTlB/lD, and alpha1 receptors in isolated arteries of rat and guinea pig. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2202-2209.
97. Schrick, F.N., J.C. Wallet, J.L. Edwards, M.D. Davis. H.E. Blackmon, F.N. Scenna, N.R. Rohrbach, A.M. Saxton, H.S. Adair, and F.M. Hopkins. 2003. Effects of administration of ergotamine tartrate to simulate fescue toxicosis on fertility of yearling beef bulls. J. Anim. Sci. Sl(Supp1. 2):13.
98. Sleper, D. A., H.F. Mayland, R.J. Crawford, Jr., G.E. Shewmaker, and M.D. Massie. 2002. Registration of HiMag tall fescue germplasm. Crop Sci. 42:318-319.
99. Smith, D.J., and N.W. Shappell. 2002. Epimerization of ergopeptine alkaloids in organic and aqueous solvents. J. Anim. Sci. 80:16161622.
100. Spiers, D., J. Williams, G. Rottinghaus, P.A. Eichen, L. Wax, R. Settivari, and L. Thompson. 2003a. Markers of fescue toxicosis. In Proc. SERA-IEG18 2003 Workshop.'
101. Spiers, D., J. Williams, G. Rottinghaus, P.A. Eichen, L. Wax, R. Settivari, and L. Thompson. 2003b. Pretreatment with Ascophyllum nodosurn for relief of fescue toxicosis. In Proc. SERA-IEG18 2003 Workshop.'
102. Stuedemann, J.A., N.S. Hill, F.N. Thompson, R.A. Fayrer-Hosken, W.P. Hay, D.L. Dawe, D.H. Seman, and S.A. Martin. 1998. Urinary and biliary excretion of ergot alkaloids from steers that grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2146-2154.
103. Timper, P., J. Bouton, and R. Gates. 2003. Effect of tall fescue cultivar and endophyte status on reproduction of lesion (Pratylenchus spp.) and stubby root (Paratrichodorus spp.) nematodes. In Proc. SERA-IEGW 2003 Workshop.'
104. Triplett, G.B., A. Rankins, Jr., M. Shankle, and R.L. Ivy. 2001. Corn and soybean production in sod to renovate tall fescue stands. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2001 Workshop.'
105. Vaylay, R., and E. van Santen. 2002. Application of canonical discriminant analysis for the assessment of genetic variation in tall fescue. Crop Sci. 42534-539.
106. Wagner, C.R., T.M. Howell, W.D. Hohenboken. and D.J. Blodgett. 2000. Impacts of an endophyte-infected fescue seed diet on traits of mouse lines divergently selected for response to that same diet. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1191-1198.
107. Waller, J.C., H.A. Fribourg, R.J. Carlisle, K.D. Gwinn, G.C.M. Latch, L.R. Fletcher, R.J.M. Hay, H.S. Easton, and B.A. Tapper. 2001a. Evaluation of tall fescues with nontoxic endophytes. In Proc. SERA-IEGI8 2001 Workshop.'
108. Waller, J.C., F.N. Schrick, M.C. Dixon, A.E. Fisher, A.M. Saxton, and H.A. Fribourg. 2001b. Tall fescue based forage systems for developing beef replacement heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 79(Suppl. 1):458.
109. Watson, R., M. McCann, J. Parish, C. Hoveland, N. Hill, and J. Bouton. 2002. Performance of cow-calf pairs on MaxQ tall fescue. In Proc. SERA-IEGI8 2002 Workshop.'
110. West, C.P., R.D. Carson, B. de los Reyes. and S. Rajguru. 2003. Biochemical responses to endophyte infection and water deficit in tall fescue. In Proc. SERA-IEG/8 2003 Workshop. '
111. West, C.P., C.F. Rosenkrans, Jr., and E.L. Piper. 2002. Develo ment of tall fescue with a nontoxic endophyte. In Proc. SERA-IEG/B 2002 Workshop.
112. Young, W.C., III, M.E. Mellbye, and T.B. Silberstein. 1999. Residue management of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue seed crops. Agron. J. 91 :671-675.