메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 285, Issue 5434, 1999, Pages 1742-1744

Fungal endophyte symbiosis and plant diversity in successional fields

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; FUNGUS; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; NONHUMAN; PLANT GROWTH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYMBIOSIS;

EID: 0033543675     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5434.1742     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (508)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0002216313 scopus 로고
    • J. J. Burden and S. R. Leather, Eds. Blackwell, Oxford
    • J. L. Harper, in Pests, Pathogens and Plant Communities, J. J. Burden and S. R. Leather, Eds. (Blackwell, Oxford, 1990), pp. 3-14; D. Tilman and S. Pacala, in Species Diversity in Ecological Communities, R. E. Ricklefs and D. Schluter, Eds. (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1993), pp. 13-25.
    • (1990) Pests, Pathogens and Plant Communities , pp. 3-14
    • Harper, J.L.1
  • 2
    • 0027704788 scopus 로고
    • R. E. Ricklefs and D. Schluter, Eds. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • J. L. Harper, in Pests, Pathogens and Plant Communities, J. J. Burden and S. R. Leather, Eds. (Blackwell, Oxford, 1990), pp. 3-14; D. Tilman and S. Pacala, in Species Diversity in Ecological Communities, R. E. Ricklefs and D. Schluter, Eds. (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1993), pp. 13-25.
    • (1993) Species Diversity in Ecological Communities , pp. 13-25
    • Tilman, D.1    Pacala, S.2
  • 3
    • 0024928136 scopus 로고
    • J. H. Connell and M. D. Lowman, Am. Nat. 134, 88 (1989); N. C. Johnson, D. Tilman, D. Wedin, Ecology 73, 2034 (1992); D. C. Hartnett, A. D. Hetrick, G. W. T. Wilson, D. J. Gibson, J. Ecol. 81, 787 (1993); W. H. Van der Putten, C. Van Dijk, B. A. M. Peters, Nature 362, 53 (1993); J. D. Bever, Ecology 75, 1965 (1994); K. K. Newsharn, A. H. Fitter, A. R. Watkinson, J. Ecol. 83, 991 (1995); K. Westover, A. Kennedy, S. Kelley, ibid. 85, 863 (1997); D. C. Hartnett and G. W. T. Wilson, Ecology 80, 1187 (1999).
    • (1989) Am. Nat. , vol.134 , pp. 88
    • Connell, J.H.1    Lowman, M.D.2
  • 4
    • 0027037252 scopus 로고
    • J. H. Connell and M. D. Lowman, Am. Nat. 134, 88 (1989); N. C. Johnson, D. Tilman, D. Wedin, Ecology 73, 2034 (1992); D. C. Hartnett, A. D. Hetrick, G. W. T. Wilson, D. J. Gibson, J. Ecol. 81, 787 (1993); W. H. Van der Putten, C. Van Dijk, B. A. M. Peters, Nature 362, 53 (1993); J. D. Bever, Ecology 75, 1965 (1994); K. K. Newsharn, A. H. Fitter, A. R. Watkinson, J. Ecol. 83, 991 (1995); K. Westover, A. Kennedy, S. Kelley, ibid. 85, 863 (1997); D. C. Hartnett and G. W. T. Wilson, Ecology 80, 1187 (1999).
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 2034
    • Johnson, N.C.1    Tilman, D.2    Wedin, D.3
  • 5
    • 0027331277 scopus 로고
    • J. H. Connell and M. D. Lowman, Am. Nat. 134, 88 (1989); N. C. Johnson, D. Tilman, D. Wedin, Ecology 73, 2034 (1992); D. C. Hartnett, A. D. Hetrick, G. W. T. Wilson, D. J. Gibson, J. Ecol. 81, 787 (1993); W. H. Van der Putten, C. Van Dijk, B. A. M. Peters, Nature 362, 53 (1993); J. D. Bever, Ecology 75, 1965 (1994); K. K. Newsharn, A. H. Fitter, A. R. Watkinson, J. Ecol. 83, 991 (1995); K. Westover, A. Kennedy, S. Kelley, ibid. 85, 863 (1997); D. C. Hartnett and G. W. T. Wilson, Ecology 80, 1187 (1999).
    • (1993) J. Ecol. , vol.81 , pp. 787
    • Hartnett, D.C.1    Hetrick, A.D.2    Wilson, G.W.T.3    Gibson, D.J.4
  • 6
    • 0027341504 scopus 로고
    • J. H. Connell and M. D. Lowman, Am. Nat. 134, 88 (1989); N. C. Johnson, D. Tilman, D. Wedin, Ecology 73, 2034 (1992); D. C. Hartnett, A. D. Hetrick, G. W. T. Wilson, D. J. Gibson, J. Ecol. 81, 787 (1993); W. H. Van der Putten, C. Van Dijk, B. A. M. Peters, Nature 362, 53 (1993); J. D. Bever, Ecology 75, 1965 (1994); K. K. Newsharn, A. H. Fitter, A. R. Watkinson, J. Ecol. 83, 991 (1995); K. Westover, A. Kennedy, S. Kelley, ibid. 85, 863 (1997); D. C. Hartnett and G. W. T. Wilson, Ecology 80, 1187 (1999).
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 53
    • Van Putten, W.H.D.1    Van Dijk, C.2    Peters, B.A.M.3
  • 7
    • 0028162738 scopus 로고
    • J. H. Connell and M. D. Lowman, Am. Nat. 134, 88 (1989); N. C. Johnson, D. Tilman, D. Wedin, Ecology 73, 2034 (1992); D. C. Hartnett, A. D. Hetrick, G. W. T. Wilson, D. J. Gibson, J. Ecol. 81, 787 (1993); W. H. Van der Putten, C. Van Dijk, B. A. M. Peters, Nature 362, 53 (1993); J. D. Bever, Ecology 75, 1965 (1994); K. K. Newsharn, A. H. Fitter, A. R. Watkinson, J. Ecol. 83, 991 (1995); K. Westover, A. Kennedy, S. Kelley, ibid. 85, 863 (1997); D. C. Hartnett and G. W. T. Wilson, Ecology 80, 1187 (1999).
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1965
    • Bever, J.D.1
  • 8
    • 0028995663 scopus 로고
    • J. H. Connell and M. D. Lowman, Am. Nat. 134, 88 (1989); N. C. Johnson, D. Tilman, D. Wedin, Ecology 73, 2034 (1992); D. C. Hartnett, A. D. Hetrick, G. W. T. Wilson, D. J. Gibson, J. Ecol. 81, 787 (1993); W. H. Van der Putten, C. Van Dijk, B. A. M. Peters, Nature 362, 53 (1993); J. D. Bever, Ecology 75, 1965 (1994); K. K. Newsharn, A. H. Fitter, A. R. Watkinson, J. Ecol. 83, 991 (1995); K. Westover, A. Kennedy, S. Kelley, ibid. 85, 863 (1997); D. C. Hartnett and G. W. T. Wilson, Ecology 80, 1187 (1999).
    • (1995) J. Ecol. , vol.83 , pp. 991
    • Newsharn, K.K.1    Fitter, A.H.2    Watkinson, A.R.3
  • 9
    • 0031464051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. H. Connell and M. D. Lowman, Am. Nat. 134, 88 (1989); N. C. Johnson, D. Tilman, D. Wedin, Ecology 73, 2034 (1992); D. C. Hartnett, A. D. Hetrick, G. W. T. Wilson, D. J. Gibson, J. Ecol. 81, 787 (1993); W. H. Van der Putten, C. Van Dijk, B. A. M. Peters, Nature 362, 53 (1993); J. D. Bever, Ecology 75, 1965 (1994); K. K. Newsharn, A. H. Fitter, A. R. Watkinson, J. Ecol. 83, 991 (1995); K. Westover, A. Kennedy, S. Kelley, ibid. 85, 863 (1997); D. C. Hartnett and G. W. T. Wilson, Ecology 80, 1187 (1999).
    • (1997) J. Ecol. , vol.85 , pp. 863
    • Westover, K.1    Kennedy, A.2    Kelley, S.3
  • 10
    • 0033003389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. H. Connell and M. D. Lowman, Am. Nat. 134, 88 (1989); N. C. Johnson, D. Tilman, D. Wedin, Ecology 73, 2034 (1992); D. C. Hartnett, A. D. Hetrick, G. W. T. Wilson, D. J. Gibson, J. Ecol. 81, 787 (1993); W. H. Van der Putten, C. Van Dijk, B. A. M. Peters, Nature 362, 53 (1993); J. D. Bever, Ecology 75, 1965 (1994); K. K. Newsharn, A. H. Fitter, A. R. Watkinson, J. Ecol. 83, 991 (1995); K. Westover, A. Kennedy, S. Kelley, ibid. 85, 863 (1997); D. C. Hartnett and G. W. T. Wilson, Ecology 80, 1187 (1999).
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 1187
    • Hartnett, D.C.1    Wilson, G.W.T.2
  • 12
    • 0030811036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. P. Grime, J. M. Mackey, S. M. Hillier, D. J. Read, Nature 328, 420 (1987); S. Simard et al., ibid. 388, 579 (1997)
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 579
    • Simard, S.1
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0029667670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. M. Vitousek and L. R. Walker, Ecol. Monogr. 59, 247 (1989); J. L. Maron and P. G. Connors, Oecologia 105, 302 (1996).
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.105 , pp. 302
    • Maron, J.L.1    Connors, P.G.2
  • 16
    • 0002054818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G. Carroll and P. Tudzynski, Eds. Springer-Verlag, New York
    • C. L. Schardl and K. Clay, in The Mycota, G. Carroll and P. Tudzynski, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997), pp. 221-238.
    • (1997) The Mycota , pp. 221-238
    • Schardl, C.L.1    Clay, K.2
  • 18
    • 0002354911 scopus 로고
    • C. W. Bacon and M. R. Siegel, J. Prod. Agric. 1, 45 (1988); J. S. Rice, B. W. Pinkerton, W. C. Stringer, D. J. Undersander, Crop Sci. 30, 1303 (1990).
    • (1988) J. Prod. Agric. , vol.1 , pp. 45
    • Bacon, C.W.1    Siegel, M.R.2
  • 21
    • 0038654869 scopus 로고
    • R. D. Hiebert, Nat. Areas J. 10, 181 (1990); T. S. Brothers and A. Spingarn, Conserv. Biol. 6, 91 (1992); K. Clay, in Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses, C. W. Bacon and J. F. White Jr., Eds. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994), pp. 73-86; W. M. Giuliano, C. L. Elliott, J. D. Sole, Prairie Nat. 26, 53 (1994); A. B. Coley, H. A. Fribourg, M. R. Pelton, K. D. Gwinn, J. Environ. Qual. 24, 472 (1995).
    • (1990) Nat. Areas J. , vol.10 , pp. 181
    • Hiebert, R.D.1
  • 22
    • 0027073807 scopus 로고
    • R. D. Hiebert, Nat. Areas J. 10, 181 (1990); T. S. Brothers and A. Spingarn, Conserv. Biol. 6, 91 (1992); K. Clay, in Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses, C. W. Bacon and J. F. White Jr., Eds. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994), pp. 73-86; W. M. Giuliano, C. L. Elliott, J. D. Sole, Prairie Nat. 26, 53 (1994); A. B. Coley, H. A. Fribourg, M. R. Pelton, K. D. Gwinn, J. Environ. Qual. 24, 472 (1995).
    • (1992) Conserv. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 91
    • Brothers, T.S.1    Spingarn, A.2
  • 23
    • 0002280584 scopus 로고
    • C. W. Bacon and J. F. White Jr., Eds. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • R. D. Hiebert, Nat. Areas J. 10, 181 (1990); T. S. Brothers and A. Spingarn, Conserv. Biol. 6, 91 (1992); K. Clay, in Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses, C. W. Bacon and J. F. White Jr., Eds. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994), pp. 73-86; W. M. Giuliano, C. L. Elliott, J. D. Sole, Prairie Nat. 26, 53 (1994); A. B. Coley, H. A. Fribourg, M. R. Pelton, K. D. Gwinn, J. Environ. Qual. 24, 472 (1995).
    • (1994) Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses , pp. 73-86
    • Clay, K.1
  • 24
    • 0000691006 scopus 로고
    • R. D. Hiebert, Nat. Areas J. 10, 181 (1990); T. S. Brothers and A. Spingarn, Conserv. Biol. 6, 91 (1992); K. Clay, in Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses, C. W. Bacon and J. F. White Jr., Eds. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994), pp. 73-86; W. M. Giuliano, C. L. Elliott, J. D. Sole, Prairie Nat. 26, 53 (1994); A. B. Coley, H. A. Fribourg, M. R. Pelton, K. D. Gwinn, J. Environ. Qual. 24, 472 (1995).
    • (1994) Prairie Nat. , vol.26 , pp. 53
    • Giuliano, W.M.1    Elliott, C.L.2    Sole, J.D.3
  • 25
    • 0029294507 scopus 로고
    • R. D. Hiebert, Nat. Areas J. 10, 181 (1990); T. S. Brothers and A. Spingarn, Conserv. Biol. 6, 91 (1992); K. Clay, in Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses, C. W. Bacon and J. F. White Jr., Eds. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994), pp. 73-86; W. M. Giuliano, C. L. Elliott, J. D. Sole, Prairie Nat. 26, 53 (1994); A. B. Coley, H. A. Fribourg, M. R. Pelton, K. D. Gwinn, J. Environ. Qual. 24, 472 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Environ. Qual. , vol.24 , pp. 472
    • Coley, A.B.1    Fribourg, H.A.2    Pelton, M.R.3    Gwinn, K.D.4
  • 26
    • 0344854756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. T. Jackson, Ed. Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington
    • P. E. Rothrock, in The Natural Heritage of Indiana, M. T. Jackson, Ed. (Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington, 1997), pp. 135-143.
    • (1997) The Natural Heritage of Indiana , pp. 135-143
    • Rothrock, P.E.1
  • 27
    • 0017625232 scopus 로고
    • Seed used in this study was produced at the University of Kentucky in early summer 1994 and was planted 3 months later. Seed was kindly provided by T. Phillips (Agronomy Department, University of Kentucky). E+ and E-seed fields were established from material several generations removed from the original Menifee County collection. To propagate E-plants, E-seed was obtained from longterm storage of E+ seed. Endophyte viability in seed gradually declines over time. Infected and uninfected stocks are maintained as field-grown plants in alternating blocks where cross-pollination could occur. Because tall fescue is self-incompatible and obligately outcrossing, it is genetically heterogeneous and E+ and E-fescue do not differ except for the presence of the endophyte
    • The cultivar KY-31 was originally collected from a stand of tall fescue located in Menifee County. Kentucky, in the 1930s. Tall fescue either was deliberately brought from Europe for forage sometime in the 1800s, or it was an accidental introduction. KY-31 was released in 1943 and soon was widely planted in the eastern United States. The presence of an endophyte in tall fescue in the United States was not known until 1977 [C. W. Bacon, J. K. Porter, J. D. Robbins, E. S. Luttrell, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34, 576 (1977)]. Seed used in this study was produced at the University of Kentucky in early summer 1994 and was planted 3 months later. Seed was kindly provided by T. Phillips (Agronomy Department, University of Kentucky). E+ and E-seed fields were established from material several generations removed from the original Menifee County collection. To propagate E-plants, E-seed was obtained from longterm storage of E+ seed. Endophyte viability in seed gradually declines over time. Infected and uninfected stocks are maintained as field-grown plants in alternating blocks where cross-pollination could occur. Because tall fescue is self-incompatible and obligately outcrossing, it is genetically heterogeneous and E+ and E-fescue do not differ except for the presence of the endophyte.
    • (1977) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.34 , pp. 576
    • Bacon, C.W.1    Porter, J.K.2    Robbins, J.D.3    Luttrell, E.S.4
  • 28
    • 0345286036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Infection was detected by making a thin freehand section of the inner leaf sheath of flowering stems. The tissue sample was stained with lactophenol cotton blue and then examined microscopically at X100 after 24 hours. The endophyte appeared as long convoluted hyphae running parallel to the long axis of the plant cells. Hyphae are intercellular and lack any haustorial structures. See photos 1 to 6 in (7).
  • 29
    • 0345717715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Each plot was divided into a grid of 400 squares (1 × 1 m) and a table of random numbers was used to select 20 squares for each sample period, with the constraint that none was sampled twice. Each quadrat (0.5 × 0.5 m) was located in the center of the square (1 × 1 m). Samples were harvested by cutting off all vegetation at ground level within the quadrat with a serrated knife. Litter was then collected and quadrats were examined for any remaining biomass.
  • 32
    • 0003405422 scopus 로고
    • Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton
    • D. Tilman, Resource Competition and Community Structure (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1982); L. Gough, J. B. Grace, K. L. Taylor, Oikos 70, 271 (1994); B. L Foster and K. L. Gross, Ecology 79, 2593 (1998).
    • (1982) Resource Competition and Community Structure
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 33
    • 0028175217 scopus 로고
    • D. Tilman, Resource Competition and Community Structure (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1982); L. Gough, J. B. Grace, K. L. Taylor, Oikos 70, 271 (1994); B. L Foster and K. L. Gross, Ecology 79, 2593 (1998).
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.70 , pp. 271
    • Gough, L.1    Grace, J.B.2    Taylor, K.L.3
  • 34
    • 0032439758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. Tilman, Resource Competition and Community Structure (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1982); L. Gough, J. B. Grace, K. L. Taylor, Oikos 70, 271 (1994); B. L Foster and K. L. Gross, Ecology 79, 2593 (1998).
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2593
    • Foster, B.L.1    Gross, K.L.2
  • 35
    • 0022451911 scopus 로고
    • P. C. Lyons, R. D. Plattner, C. W. Bacon, Science 232, 487 (1986); K. Clay, Ecology 69, 10 (1988); C. W. Bacon and J. F. White, Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994).
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 487
    • Lyons, P.C.1    Plattner, R.D.2    Bacon, C.W.3
  • 36
    • 0024194334 scopus 로고
    • P. C. Lyons, R. D. Plattner, C. W. Bacon, Science 232, 487 (1986); K. Clay, Ecology 69, 10 (1988); C. W. Bacon and J. F. White, Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994).
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 10
    • Clay, K.1
  • 38
    • 0027043549 scopus 로고
    • M. Chu-chou et al., Soil Biol. Biochem. 24, 633 (1992); K. Clay, in Microbial Ecology of Leaves, J. H. Andrews and S. S. Hirano, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991), pp. 331-357.
    • (1992) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.24 , pp. 633
    • Chu-Chou, M.1
  • 39
    • 0002944221 scopus 로고
    • J. H. Andrews and S. S. Hirano, Eds. Springer-Verlag, New York
    • M. Chu-chou et al., Soil Biol. Biochem. 24, 633 (1992); K. Clay, in Microbial Ecology of Leaves, J. H. Andrews and S. S. Hirano, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991), pp. 331-357.
    • (1991) Microbial Ecology of Leaves , pp. 331-357
    • Clay, K.1
  • 40
    • 0001805097 scopus 로고
    • M. Arachevaleta, C. W. Bacon, C. S. Hoveland, D. E. Radcliffe, Agron. J. 81, 83 (1989); C. P. West, E. Izekor, K. E. Turner, A. A. Elmi, ibid. 85, 264 (1993); N. S. Hill, J. G. Pachon, C. W. Bacon, Crop Sci. 36, 665 (1996).
    • (1989) Agron. J. , vol.81 , pp. 83
    • Arachevaleta, M.1    Bacon, C.W.2    Hoveland, C.S.3    Radcliffe, D.E.4
  • 41
    • 0001003631 scopus 로고
    • M. Arachevaleta, C. W. Bacon, C. S. Hoveland, D. E. Radcliffe, Agron. J. 81, 83 (1989); C. P. West, E. Izekor, K. E. Turner, A. A. Elmi, ibid. 85, 264 (1993); N. S. Hill, J. G. Pachon, C. W. Bacon, Crop Sci. 36, 665 (1996).
    • (1993) Agron. J. , vol.85 , pp. 264
    • West, C.P.1    E Izekor, K.E.T.2    Elmi, A.A.3
  • 42
    • 0029782894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Arachevaleta, C. W. Bacon, C. S. Hoveland, D. E. Radcliffe, Agron. J. 81, 83 (1989); C. P. West, E. Izekor, K. E. Turner, A. A. Elmi, ibid. 85, 264 (1993); N. S. Hill, J. G. Pachon, C. W. Bacon, Crop Sci. 36, 665 (1996).
    • (1996) Crop Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 665
    • Hill, N.S.1    Pachon, J.G.2    Bacon, C.W.3
  • 43
    • 0027800301 scopus 로고
    • K. Clay, S. Marks, G. P. Cheplick, Ecology 74, 1767 (1993); A. Leuchtmann and K. Clay, in The Mycota, G. Carroll and P. Tudzynski, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997), pp. 185-202.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1767
    • Clay, K.1    Marks, S.2    Cheplick, G.P.3
  • 44
    • 0000946097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G. Carroll and P. Tudzynski, Eds. Springer-Verlag, New York
    • K. Clay, S. Marks, G. P. Cheplick, Ecology 74, 1767 (1993); A. Leuchtmann and K. Clay, in The Mycota, G. Carroll and P. Tudzynski, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997), pp. 185-202.
    • (1997) The Mycota , pp. 185-202
    • Leuchtmann, A.1    Clay, K.2
  • 46
    • 0025664111 scopus 로고
    • J. Kranz, New Phytol. 116, 383 (1990); G. A. Polis and D. R. Strong, Am. Nat.147, 813 (1996).
    • (1990) New Phytol. , vol.116 , pp. 383
    • Kranz, J.1
  • 47
    • 0030472660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Kranz, New Phytol. 116, 383 (1990); G. A. Polis and D. R. Strong, Am. Nat.147, 813 (1996).
    • (1996) Am. Nat. , vol.147 , pp. 813
    • Polis, G.A.1    Strong, D.R.2
  • 50
  • 51
    • 84980083394 scopus 로고
    • J. Shaw, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 14, 202 (1873); N. Bor, The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan (Pergamon, New York, 1960); C. O. Miles et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 1285 (1996).
    • (1873) Bot. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.14 , pp. 202
    • Shaw, J.1
  • 53
    • 0001350324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Shaw, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 14, 202 (1873); N. Bor, The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan (Pergamon, New York, 1960); C. O. Miles et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 1285 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Agric. Food Chem. , vol.44 , pp. 1285
    • Miles, C.O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.