Earthquake cycle deformation and the Moho: Implications for the rheology of continental lithosphere

Tectonophysics

Volumn 609, Issue , 2013, Pages 504-523

  Wright, Tim J ^a   Elliott, John R ^b   Wang, Hua ^c   Ryder, Isabelle ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c GUANGDONG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Continental rheology; Crustal deformation; Elastic thickness; Geodesy; Moho

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; CONTINENTAL RHEOLOGIES; CRUSTAL DEFORMATIONS; ELASTIC THICKNESS; GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS; MOHO; POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION; VISCOELASTIC RELAXATION;

EARTHQUAKES; ELASTICITY; ESTIMATION; GEODESY; GEODETIC SATELLITES; LITHOLOGY; STRAIN RATE; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

DEFORMATION;

BOUGUER ANOMALY; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; COSEISMIC PROCESS; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; EARTHQUAKE MECHANISM; GEODESY; LITHOLOGY; MOHO; RHEOLOGY; SATELLITE DATA; SEISMIC SOURCE; SEISMICITY; STRAIN RATE; UPPER MANTLE; VISCOELASTICITY;

EID: 84889098607     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.07.029     Document Type: Review

References (288)

1. Ader T., Avouac J.P., Liu-Zeng J., et al. Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and interseismic coupling on the main Himalayan thrust: implications for seismic hazard. Journal of Geophysical Research 2012, 117:B04403. 10.1029/2011JB009071.
2. Ágústsson K., Flóvenz Ó.G. The thickness of the seismogenic crust in Iceland and its implications for geothermal systems. Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2005, 24-29.
3. al Tarazi E., Abu Rajab J., Gomez F. GPS measurements of nearfield deformation along the southern Dead Sea Fault System. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2011, 12:Q12021. 10.1029/2011GC003736.
4. Amelung F., Bell J.W. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations of the 1994 Double Spring Flat, Nevada, earthquake (M5.9): main shock accompanied by triggered slip on a conjugate fault. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108.
5. Amoruso A., Crescentini L., D'Anastasio E., De Martini P. Clues of postseismic relaxation for the 1915 Fucino earthquake (central Italy) from modeling of leveling data. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32:L22307. 10.1029/2005GL024139.
6. Antolik M., Dreger D.S. Rupture process of the 26 January 2001 Mw7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake from teleseismic broadband data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2003, 93:1235-1248. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/93/3/1235.pdf).
7. Antolik M., Abercrombie R.E., Ekstrom G. The 14 November 2001 Kokoxili (Kunlunshan), Tibet, earthquake: rupture transfer through a large extensional step-over. The Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2004, 94:1173-1194.
8. Árnadóttir T., Jiang W., Feigl K.L., et al. Kinematic models of plate boundary deformation in southwest Iceland derived from GPS observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B07402. 10.1029/2005JB003907.
9. Árnadóttir T., Lund B., Jiang W., et al. Glacial rebound and plate spreading: results from the first countrywide GPS observations in Iceland. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 177:691-716.
10. Asano K., Iwata T. Source rupture process of the 2004 Chuetsu, Mid-Niigata Prefecture, Japan, earthquake inferred from waveform inversion with dense strong-motion data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2009, 99:123-140.
11. Atzori S., Antonioli A. Optimal fault resolution in geodetic inversion of coseismic data. Geophysics Journal International 2011, 185:529-538.
12. Audet P., Bürgmann R. Dominant role of tectonic inheritance in supercontinent cycles. Nature Geoscience 2011, 4:184-187.
13. w7.6 Kashmir earthquake: sub-pixel correlation of ASTER images and seismic waveforms analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 249:514-528.
14. w7.2 Gulf of Elat earthquake cycle revisited. Geophysics Journal International 2008, 175:1040-1054.
15. Banerjee P., Bürgmann R. Convergence across the northwest Himalaya from GPS measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 2002, 29. 10.1029/2002GL015184.
16. Banerjee P., Bürgmann R., Nagarajan B., Apel E. Intraplate deformation of the Indian subcontinent. Geophysical Research Letters 2008, 35:L09605. 10.1029/2004GL019723.
17. Bassin C., Laske G., Masters G. The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America. EOS. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 2000, 81. (S12A-03).
18. Battaglia M., Murray M.H., Serpelloni E., Bürgmann R. The Adriatic region: an independent microplate within the Africa-Eurasia collision zone. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31:L18301. 10.1029/2008GL035468.
19. Bayer R., Chery J., Tatar M., et al. Active deformation in Zagros-Makran transition zone inferred from GPS measurements. Geophysical Journal International 2006, 165:373-381.
20. Beavan J., Moore M.A., Pearson C.H., et al. Crustal deformation during 1994-1998 due to oblique continental collision in the central Southern Alps, New Zealand, and implications for seismic potential of the Alpine fault. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:25233-25255.
21. Beavan J., Denys P., Denham M., et al. Distribution of present-day vertical deformation across the Southern Alps, New Zealand, from 10years of GPS data. Geophysical Research Letters 2010, 37:L16305. 10.1029/2010GL044165.
22. w5.7, Algeria) case study. Journal of Seismology 2009, 13:421-432.
23. w6.8), Algeria, earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar, coastal uplift, and GPS. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114.
24. Bell M.A., Elliott J.R., Parsons B.E. Interseismic strain accumulation across the Manyi fault (Tibet) prior to the 1997 Mw7.6 earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 2011, 38:L24302. 10.1029/2011GL049762.
25. Bendick R., Bilham R., Freymueller J., et al. Geodetic evidence for a low slip rate in the Altyn Tagh fault system. Nature 2000, 404:69-72.
26. Benford B., DeMets C., Tikoff B., et al. Seismic hazard along the southern boundary of the GÔnave microplate: block modelling of GPS velocities from Jamaica and nearby islands, northern Caribbean. Geophysical Journal International 2012, 190:59-74.
27. w7.2): faulting along the Sistan suture zone of eastern Iran. Geophysics Journal International 1999, 136:671-694.
28. Berberian M., Jackson J.A., Qorashi M., Talebian M., Khatib M., Priestley K. The 1994 Sefidabeh earthquakes in eastern Iran: blind thrusting and bedding-plane slip on a growing anticline, and active tectonics of the Sistan suture zone. Geophysics Journal International 2000, 142:283-299.
29. w6.6) in Kerman province, southeast Iran: re-rupture of the 1981 Sirch earthquake fault, triggering of slip on adjacent thrusts and the active tectonics of the Gowk fault zone. Geophysics Journal International 2001, 146:371-398.
30. Bernard P., Briole P., Meyer B., Lyon-Caen H., Gomez J.M., Tiberi C., Berge C., R., C., Hatzfeld D., Lachet C., Lebrun B., Deschamps A., Courboulex F., Larroque C., Rigo A., Massonnet D., Papadimitriou P., Kassaras J., Diagourtas D., Makropoulos K., Veis G., Papazisi E., Mitsakaki C., Karakostas V., Papadimitriou E., Papanastassiou D., Chouliaras M., Stavrakakis G. The Ms=6.2, June 15, 1995 Aigion earthquake (Greece): evidence for low angle normal faulting in the Corinth rift. Journal of Seismology 1997, 1:131-150.
31. Bettinelli P., Avouac J.P., Flouzat M., et al. Plate motion of India and interseismic strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS measurements. Journal of Geodesy 2006, 80:567-589.
32. Biggs J., Bergman E., Emmerson B., Funning G.J., Jackson J., Parsons B., Wright T.J. Fault identification for buried strike-slip earthquakes using InSAR: the 1994 and 2004 Al Hoceima, Morocco earthquakes. Geophysics Journal International 2006, 166:1347-1362.
33. Biggs J., Wright T., Lu Z., et al. Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 170:1165-1179.
34. Biggs J., Burgmann R., Freymueller J., Lu Z., Parsons B., Ryder I., Schmalzle G., Wright T. The postseismic response to the 2002M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: constraints from InSAR 2003-2005. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 176:353-367.
35. Biggs J., Nissen E., Craig T., Jackson J., Robinson D.P. Breaking up the hanging wall of a rift-border fault: the 2009 Karonga earthquakes, Malawi. Geophysical Research Letters 2010, 37.
36. Bilham R., Larson K., Freymueller J., et al. GPS measurements of present-day convergence across the Nepal Himalaya. Nature 1997, 386:61-64.
37. Björnsson A. Temperature of the Icelandic crust: inferred from electrical conductivity, temperature surface gradient, and maximum depth of earthquakes. Tectonophysics 2008, 447:136-141.
38. Bruhat L., Barbot S., Avouac J.P. Evidence for postseismic deformation of the lower crust following the 2004 Mw6.0 Parkfield earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011, 116:B08401. 10.1029/2010JB008073.
39. Bürgmann R., Dresen G. Rheology of the lower crust and upper mantle: evidence from rock mechanics, geodesy, and field observations. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2008, 36:531-567.
40. Burgmann R., Ayhan M.E., Fielding E.J., Wright T.J., McClusky S., Aktug B., Demir C., Lenk O., Turkezer A. Deformation during the 12 November 1999 Duzce, Turkey, earthquake, from GPS and InSAR data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002, 92:161-171. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/92/1/161.pdf).
41. Bürgmann R., Ergintav S., Segall P., et al. Time-dependent distributed afterslip on and deep below the Izmit earthquake rupture. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002, 92:126-137.
42. e), seismicity and the long-term rheology of continental lithosphere: time to burn-out "crème brÛlée": insights from large-scale geodynamic modeling. Tectonophysics 2010, 484:4-26.
43. Burov E.B., Watts A.B. The long-term strength of continental lithosphere: 'jelly sandwich' or 'créme brÛlée'?. GSA Today 2006, 16:4-10.
44. Cakir Z., Akoglu A.M. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry observations of the M=6.0 Orta earthquake of 6 June 2000 (NW Turkey): reactivation of a listric fault. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2008, 9.
45. Çakir Z., de Chabalier J.B., Armijo R., Meyer B., Barka A., Peltzer G. Coseismic and early post-seismic slip associated with the 1999 Izmit earthquake (Turkey), from SAR interferometry and tectonic field observations. Geophysics Journal International 2003, 155:93-110.
46. Çakir Z., Akoglu A.M., Belabbes S., et al. Creeping along the Ismetpasa section of the North Anatolian fault (Western Turkey): rate and extent from InSAR. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 238:225-234.
47. Calais E., Mazabraud Y., Mercier de Lépinay B., et al. Strain partitioning and fault slip rates in the northeastern Caribbean from GPS measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 2002, 29:1856. 10.1029/2002GL015397.
48. Calais E., Vergnolle M., Sankov V., et al. GPS measurements of crustal deformation in the Baikal-Mongolia area (1994-2002): implications for current kinematics of Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108(B10):2501. 10.1029/2002JB002373.
49. Calais E., Freed A., Mattioli G., Amelung F., Jónsson S., Jansma P., Hong S.H., Dixon T., Prépetit C., Momplaisir R. Transpressional rupture of an unmapped fault during the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Nature Geoscience 2010, 3:794-799.
50. Cavalie O., Lasserre C., Doin M.P., Peltzer G., Sun J., Xu X., Shen Z.K. Measurement of interseismic strain across the Haiyuan fault (Gansu, China), by InSAR. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 275:246-257.
51. Cetin E., Meghraoui M., Cakir Z., et al. Seven years of postseismic deformation following the 2003 Mw=6.8 Zemmouri earthquake (Algeria) from InSAR time series. Geophysical Research Letters 2012, 39:L10307. 10.1029/2012GL051344.
52. Chen Q., Freymueller J.T., Yang Z., et al. Spatially variable extension in southern Tibet based on GPS measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:B09401. 10.1029/2002JB002350.
53. Cirella A., Piatanesi A., Cocco M., Tinti E., Scognamiglio L., Michelini A., Lomax A., Boschi E. Rupture history of the 2009 L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake from non-linear joint inversion of strong motion and GPS data. Geophysical Research Letters 2009, 36.
54. Copley A., Hollingsworth J., Bergman E. Constraints on fault and lithosphere rheology from the coseismic slip and postseismic afterslip of the 2006 Mw7.0 Mozambique earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2012, 117.
55. Crosby A. An assessment of the accuracy of admittance and coherence estimates using synthetic data. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 171:25-54.
56. D'Agostino N., Cheloni D., Mantenuto S., et al. Strain accumulation in the southern Alps (NE Italy) and deformation at the northeastern boundary of Adria observed by CGPS measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32:L19306. 10.1029/2005GL024266.
57. D'Agostino N., Mantenuto S., D'Anastasio E., et al. Evidence for localized active extension in the central Apennines (Italy) from global positioning system observations. Geology 2011, 39:291-294.
58. D'Agostino N., Cheloni D., Fornaro G., Giuliani R., Reale D. Space-time distribution of afterslip following the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2012, 117:B02402. 10.1029/2011JB008523.
59. Dalla Via G., Sabadini R., De Natale G., Pingue F. Lithospheric rheology in southern Italy inferred from postseismic viscoelastic relaxation following the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110:B06311. 10.1029/2004JB003539.
60. Decriem J., Árnadóttir T., Hooper A., Geirsson H., Sigmundsson F., Keiding M., Ófeigsson B.G., Hreinsdóttir S., Einarsson P., Lafemina P., Bennett R.A. The 2008 May 29 earthquake doublet in SW Iceland. Geophysics Journal International 2010, 181:1128-1146.
61. Deng J., Gurnis M., Kanamori H., et al. Viscoelastic flow in the lower crust after the 1992 Landers, California, Earthquake. Science 1998, 282:1689-1693.
62. Deng J., Hudnut K., Gurnis M., Hauksson E. Stress loading from viscous flow in the lower crust and triggering of aftershocks following the 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 1999, 26:3209-3212.
63. Diao F., Xiong X., Wang R. Mechanisms of transient postseismic deformation following the 2001 Mw7.8 Kunlun (China) earthquake. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2011, 168:767-779.
64. Dixon T.H., Farina F., DeMets C., et al. Relative motion between the Caribbean and North American plates and related boundary zone deformation from a decade of GPS observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103:15,157-15,182.
65. Djamour Y., Vernant P., Bayer R., et al. GPS and gravity constraints on continental deformation in the Alborz mountain range, Iran. Geophysical Journal International 2010, 183:1287-1301.
66. Djamour Y., Vernant P., Nankali H.R., et al. NW Iran-eastern Turkey present-day kinematics: results from the Iranian permanent GPS network. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 307:27-34.
67. Donnellan A., Parker J.W., Peltzer G. Combined GPS and InSAR models of postseismic deformation from the Northridge earthquake. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2002, 159:2261-2270.
68. Dreger D.S. Empirical Green's function study of the January 17, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 1994, 21:2633-2636.
69. Elliott J.R., Biggs J., Parsons B., et al. InSAR slip rate determination on the Altyn Tagh Fault, northern Tibet, in the presence of topographically correlated atmospheric delays. Geophysical Research Letters 2008, 35:L12309. 10.1029/2008GL033659.
70. Elliott J.L., Larsen C.F., Freymueller J.T., Motyka R.J. Tectonic block motion and glacial isostatic adjustment in southeast Alaska and adjacent Canada constrained by GPS measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:B09407. 10.1029/2009JB007139.
71. Elliott J.R., Walters R.J., England P.C., Jackson J.A., Li Z., Parsons B. Extension on the Tibetan plateau: recent normal faulting measured by InSAR and body wave seismology. Geophysics Journal International 2010, 183:503-535. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04754.x.
72. Elliott J.R., Parsons B., Jackson J.A., Shan X., Sloan R.A., Walker R.T. Depth segmentation of the seismogenic continental crust: the 2008 and 2009 Qaidam earthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters 2011, 38:L06305. 10.1029/2011GL046897.
73. Elliott J.R., Nissen E.K., England P.C., Jackson J.A., Lamb S., Li Z., Oehlers M., Parsons B. Slip in the 201020132011 Canterbury earthquakes, New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research 2012, 117:2010-2011. 10.1029/2011JB008868.
74. Elliott J.R., Copley A., Holley R., Scharer K., Parsons B. The 2011 Mw7.1 Van (Eastern Turkey) earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2013, 118. 10.1002/jgrb.50117.
75. Ergintav S., McClusky S., Hearn E., et al. Seven years of postseismic deformation following the 1999, M=7.4 and M=7.2, Izmit-Duzce, Turkey earthquake sequence. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114.
76. Feigl K.L., Sergent A., Jacq D. Estimation of an earthquake focal mechanism from a satellite radar interferogram: application to the December 4, 1992 Landers aftershock. Geophysical Research Letters 1995, 22:1037-1040.
77. Feng W., Li Z., Elliott J.R., Fukushima Y., Hoey T., Singleton A., Cook R., Xu Z. The 2011 Mw6.8 Burma earthquake: fault constraints provided by multiple SAR techniques. Geophysics Journal International 2013, (in press). 10.1093/gji/ggt254.
78. Fialko Y. Evidence of fluid-filled upper crust from observations of postseismic deformation due to the 1992 Mw7. 3 Landers earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:B03307. 10.1029/2003JB002985.
79. w7.3 Landers (southern California) earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:B03307.
80. Fialko Y. Interseismic strain accumulation and the earthquake potential on the southern San Andreas fault system. Nature 2006, 441:968-971.
81. Fielding E., McKenzie D. Lithospheric flexure in the Sichuan basin and Longmen Shan at the eastern edge of Tibet. Geophysical Research Letters 2012, 39:L09311.
82. Fletcher H.J., Freymueller J.T. New constraints on the motion of the Fairweather fault, Alaska, from GPS observations. Geophysical Research Letters 2003, 30:1139. 10.1029/2002GL016476.
83. Floyd M., Billiris H., Paradissis D., Veis G., Avallone A., Briole P., McClusky S., Nocquet J., Palamartchouk K., Parsons B., et al. A new velocity field for Greece: implications for the kinematics and dynamics of the Aegean. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:B10403.
84. Forsyth D. Subsurface loading and estimates of the flexural rigidity of continental lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 1985, 90:12623-12632.
85. Franco A., Lasserre C., Lyon-Caen H., et al. Fault kinematics in northern Central America and coupling along the subduction interface of the Cocos Plate, from GPS data in Chiapas (Mexico), Guatemala and El Salvador. Geophysical Journal International 2012, 189:1223-1236.
86. Freed A.M. Afterslip (and only afterslip) following the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 2007, 34:L06312. 10.1029/2006GL029155.
87. Freed A., Bürgmann R. Evidence of power-law flow in the Mojave desert mantle. Nature 2004, 430:548-551.
88. Freed A., Bürgmann R., Calais E., Freymueller J., Hreinsdóttir S. Implications of deformation following the 2002 Denali, Alaska, earthquake for postseismic relaxation processes and lithospheric rheology. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B01401.
89. Fujiwara S., Rosen P.A., Tobita M., Murakami M. Crustal deformation measurements using repeat-pass JERS 1 synthetic aperture radar interferometry near the Izu Peninsula, Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103:2411-2426.
90. Fukushima Y., Ozawa T., Hashimoto M. Fault model of the 2007 Noto Hanto earthquake estimated from PALSAR radar interferometry and GPS data. Earth, Planets and Space 2008, 60:99-104.
91. Funning G.J. Source Parameters of Large Shallow Earthquakes in the Alpine-Himalayan Belt From InSAR and Waveform Modelling 2005, (Ph.D. thesis), Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
92. Funning G.J., Barke R.M.D., Lamb S.H., Minaya E., Parsons B., Wright T.J. The 1998 Aiquile, Bolivia earthquake: a seismically active fault revealed with InSAR. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 232:39-49.
93. Funning G.J., Parsons B., Wright T.J., Jackson J.A., Fielding E.J. Surface displacements and source parameters of the 2003 Bam (Iran) earthquake from Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110:B09406.
94. Funning G.J., Parsons B., Wright T.J. Fault slip in the 1997 Manyi, Tibet earthquake from linear elastic modelling of InSAR displacements. Geophysics Journal International 2007, 169:988-1008.
95. Gan W., Svarc J.L., Savage J.C., Prescott W.H. Strain accumulation across the Eastern California Shear Zone at latitude 36° 30'N. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:16,229-16,236.
96. Genrich J., Bock Y., McCaffrey R., et al. Distribution of slip at the northern Sumatran fault system. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:28327-28341.
97. Gomez F., Karam G., Khawlie M., et al. Global Positioning System measurements of strain accumulation and slip transfer through the restraining bend along the Dead Sea fault system in Lebanon. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 168:1021-1028.
98. Gourmelen N., Amelung F. Postseismic mantle relaxation in the central Nevada seismic belt. Science 2005, 310:1473-1476.
99. Gourmelen N., Amelung F., Lanari R. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar GPS integration: interseismic strain accumulation across the Hunter Mountain fault in the eastern California shear zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:B09408. 10.1029/2009JB007064.
100. Hammond W.C., Thatcher W. Crustal deformation across the Sierra Nevada, northern Walker Lane, Basin and Range transition, western United States measured with GPS, 2000-004. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B05411. 10.1029/2006JB004625.
101. Hammond W.C., Kreemer C., Blewitt G. Geodetic constraints on contemporary deformation in the northern Walker Lane: 3. Central Nevada seismic belt postseismic relaxation. Late Cenozoic Structure and Evolution of the Great Basin Sierra Nevada Transition: Geological Society of America Special Paper 2009, 33-54. J.S. Oldow, P.H. Cashman (Eds.).
102. Hammond W., Blewitt G., Kreemer C. Block modeling of crustal deformation of the northern Walker Lane and Basin and Range from GPS velocities. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011, 116:B04402.
103. Hao K.X., Si H., Fujiwara H., Ozawa T. Coseismic surface-ruptures and crustal deformations of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake Mw7.9, china. Geophysical Research Letters 2009, 36.
104. Hasterok D., Chapman D.S. Global heat flow: a new database and a new approach. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts 2008.
105. Hatzfeld D., Karakostas V., Ziazia M., Selvaggi G., Leborgne S., Berge C., Guiguet R., Paul A., Voidomatis P., Diagnourtas D., Kassaras I., Koutsikos I., Makropoulos K., Azzara R., Di Bona M., Baccheschi S., Bernard P., Papaioannou C. The Kozani-Grevena (Greece) earthquake of 13 May 1995 revisited from a detailed seismological study. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1997, 87:463-473. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/87/2/463.pdf).
106. Hayes G.P., Briggs R.W., Sladen A., Fielding E.J., Prentice C., Hudnut K., Mann P., Taylor F.W., Crone A.J., Gold R., Ito T., Simons M. Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake. Nature Geoscience 2010, 3:800-805.
107. Hearn E., Bürgmann R., Reilinger R. Dynamics of Izmit earthquake postseismic deformation and loading of the Duzce earthquake hypocenter. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002, 92:172-193.
108. Hearn E.H., McClusky S., Ergintav S., Reilinger R.E. Izmit earthquake postseismic deformation and dynamics of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114:B08405. 10.1029/2008JB006026.
109. Hernandez B., Cocco M., Cotton F., Stramondo S., Scotti O., Courboulex F., Campillo M. Rupture history of the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Central Italy) main shocks from the inversion of GPS, DInSAR and near field strong motion data. Annals of Geophysics 2004, 47:1355-1376.
110. Hetland E., Hager B. Postseismic relaxation across the Central Nevada Seismic Belt. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108:2394. 10.1029/2002JB002257.
111. Hetland E., Hager B. The effects of rheological layering on post-seismic deformation. Geophysical Journal International 2006, 166:277-292.
112. Hikima K., Koketsu K. Source processes of the foreshock, mainshock and largest aftershock in the 2003 Miyagi-ken Hokubu, Japan, earthquake sequence. Earth, Planets and Space 2004, 56:87-93.
113. Hill E.M., Blewitt G. Testing for fault activity at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, using independent GPS results from the BARGEN network. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33:L14302. 10.1029/2006GL026140.
114. Hofstetter A., Thio H.K., Shamir G. Source mechanism of the 22/11/1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake and its aftershock sequence. Journal of Seismology 2003, 7:99-114.
115. Holden C. Kinematic source model of the 22 February 2011 Mw6.2 Christchurch earthquake using strong motion data. Seismological Research Letters 2011, 783-788.
116. Horikawa H. Earthquake doublet in Kagoshima, Japan: rupture of asperities in a stress shadow. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2001, 91:112-127. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/91/1/112.pdf).
117. Horikawa H. Characterization of the 2007 Noto Hanto, Japan, earthquake. Earth, Planets and Space 2008, 60:1017-1022.
118. Hsu Y.J., Bechor N., Segall P. Rapid afterslip following the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 2002, 19:1754. 10.1029/2002GL014967.
119. Huang M.H., Hu J.C., Ching K.E., et al. Active deformation of Tainan tableland of southwestern Taiwan based on geodetic measurements and SAR interferometry. Tectonophysics 2009, 466:322-334.
120. Ichinose G.A., Smith K.D., Anderson J.G. Moment tensor solutions of the 1994 to 1996 Double Spring Flat, Nevada, earthquake sequence and implications for local tectonic models. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1998, 88:1363-1378. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/88/6/1363.pdf).
121. Ide S., Takeo M., Yoshida Y. Source process of the 1995 Kobe earthquake: determination of spatio-temporal slip distribution by Bayesian modeling. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1996, 86:547-566. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/86/3/547.pdf).
122. Jackson J.A. Strength of the continental lithosphere: time to abandon the jelly sandwich?. GSA Today 2002, 12:4-10.
123. Jackson J., Bouchon M., Fielding E., Funning G., Ghorashi M., Hatzfeld D., Nazari H., Parsons B., Priestley K., Talebian M., Tatar M., Walker R., Wright T. Seismotectonic, rupture process, and earthquake-hazard aspects of the 2003 December 26 Bam, Iran, earthquake. Geophysics Journal International 2006, 166:1270-1292.
124. Jackson J., McKenzie D., Priestley K., Emmerson B. New views on the structure and rheology of the lithosphere. Journal of the Geological Society 2008, 165:453-465.
125. Ji C., Wald D.J., Helmberger D.V. Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, part II: complexity of slip history. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002, 92:1208-1226.
126. Johanson I.A., Fielding E.J., Rolandone F., Burgmann R. Coseismic and postseismic slip of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake from space-geodetic data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2006, 96:S269-S282. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/96/4B/S269.pdf).
127. Johnson K.M., Hilley G.E., Bürgmann R. Influence of lithosphere viscosity structure on estimates of fault slip rate in the Mojave region of the San Andreas fault system. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B07408. 10.1029/2006JB004842.
128. Johnson K.M., Bürgmann R., Freymueller J.T. Coupled afterslip and viscoelastic flow following the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska earthquake. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 176:670-682.
129. Jolivet R., Cattin R., Chamot-Rooke N., et al. Thin-plate modeling of interseismic deformation and asymmetry across the Altyn Tagh fault zone. Geophysical Research Letters 2008, 35:L02309. 10.1029/2007GL031511.
130. Jolivet R., Bürgmann R., Houlié N. Geodetic exploration of the elastic properties across and within the northern San Andreas Fault zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2009, 288:126-131.
131. Jones L.E., Hough S.E. Analysis of broadband records from the 28 June 1992 Big Bear earthquake: evidence of a multiple-event source. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1995, 85:688-704. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/85/3/688.pdf).
132. Jónsson S. Importance of post-seismic viscous relaxation in southern Iceland. Nature Geoscience 2008, 1:136-139.
133. Jónsson S., Segall P., Pedersen R., Björnsson G. Post-earthquake ground movements correlated to pore-pressure transients. Nature 2003, 424:179-183.
134. Jouanne F., Mugnier J.L., Gamond J.F., Le Fort P., Pandey M.R., Bollinger L., Flouzat M., Avouac J.P. Current shortening across the Himalayas of Nepal. Geophysical Journal International 2004, 157:1-14.
135. Katsumata K., Kasahara M., Ichiyanagi M., Kikuchi M., Sen R.S., Kim C.U., Ivaschenko A., Tatevossian R. The 27 May 1995 Ms7.6 Northern Sakhalin earthquake: an earthquake on an uncertain plate boundary. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2004, 94:117-130. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/94/1/117.pdf).
136. Keiding M., Árnadóttir T., Sturkell E., Geirsson H., Lund B. Strain accumulation along an oblique plate boundary: the Reykjanes Peninsula, southwest Iceland. Geophysical Journal International 2008, 172:861-872.
137. Kirby E., Harkins N., Wang E., et al. Slip rate gradients along the eastern Kunlun fault. Tectonics 2007, 26:TC2010. 10.1029/2006TC002033.
138. Kontoes C., Elias P., Sykioti O., Briole P., Remy D., Sachpazi M., Veis G., Kotsis I. Displacement field and fault model for the September 7, 1999 Athens earthquake inferred from ERS2 satellite radar interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters 2000, 27:3989-3992.
139. Koulali A., Ouazar D., Tahayt A., et al. New GPS constraints on active deformation along the Africa-Iberia plate boundary. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 308:211-217.
140. Kreemer C., Holt W., Haines A. An integrated global model of present-day plate motions and plate boundary deformation. Geophysical Journal International 2003, 154:8-34.
141. LaFemina P.C., Dixon T.H., Malservisi R., Árnadóttir T., Sturkell E., Sigmundsson F., Einarsson P. Geodetic GPS measurements in south Iceland: strain accumulation and partitioning in a propagating ridge system. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110:B11405. 10.1029/2005JB003675.
142. Langbein J., Borcherdt R., Dreger D., Fletcher J., Hardebeck J.L., Hellweg M., Ji C., Johnston M., Murray J.R., Nadeau R., Rymer M.J., Treiman J.A. Preliminary report on the 28 September 2004, M6.0 Parkfield, California earthquake. Seismological Research Letters 2005, 76:10-26. (http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/76/1/10.pdf).
143. Larson K.M., Rurgmann R., Bilham R., Freymueller J.T. Kinematics of the India-Eurasia collision zone from GPS measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:1077-1093.
144. w=7.8 Kokoxili earthquake in Tibet, measured by synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110.
145. Le Beon M., Amrat A.Q., Agnon A., et al. Slip rate and locking depth from GPS profiles across the southern Dead Sea Transform. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113:B11403. 10.1029/2007JB005280.
146. Le Pichon X., Chamot-Rooke N., Rangin C., et al. The North Anatolian fault in the Sea of Marmara. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108:2179. 10.1029/2002JB001862.
147. Li X., Cormier V.F., Toksoz M.N. Complex source process of the 17 August 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002, 92:267-277. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/92/1/267.pdf).
148. w5.7 Zhangbei-Shangyi (China) earthquake revisited: a buried thrust fault revealed with interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2008, 9.
149. Li Z., Elliott J.R., Feng W., Jackson J.A., Parsons B., Walters R.J. The 2010 Mw6.8 Yushu (Qinghai, China) earthquake: constraints provided by InSAR and body wave seismology. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011, 116. 10.1029/2011JB008358.
150. Lohman R.B., Simons M., Savage B. Location and mechanism of the Little Skull Mountain earthquake as constrained by satellite radar interferometry and seismic waveform modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research 2002, 107:2118.
151. Louvari E., Kiratzi A. Source parameters of the 7 September 1999 Athens (Greece) earthquake based on teleseismic data. Journal of the Balkan Geophysical Society 2001, 4:51-60.
152. Loveless J., Meade B. Partitioning of localized and diffuse deformation in the Tibetan Plateau from joint inversions of geologic and geodetic observations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 303:11-24.
153. Lyon-Caen H., Barrier E., Lasserre C., et al. Kinematics of the North American Caribbean-Cocos plates in Central America from new GPS measurements across the Polochic-Motagua fault system. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33:L19309. 10.1029/2006GL027694.
154. Lyons S.N., Bock Y., Sandwell D.T. Creep along the Imperial Fault, southern California, from GPS measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 2002, 107:2249. 10.1029/2001JB000763.
155. Maggi A., Jackson J., Mckenzie D., Priestley K. Earthquake focal depths, effective elastic thickness, and the strength of the continental lithosphere. Geology 2000, 28:495-498.
156. Mahmoud S., Reilinger R., Mcclusky S., Vernant P., Tealeb A. GPS evidence for northward motion of the Sinai Block: implications for E. Mediterranean tectonics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 238:217-224.
157. Mahsas A., Lammali K., Yelles K., et al. Shallow afterslip following the 2003 May 21, Mw=6.9 Boumerdes earthquake, Algeria. Geophysical Journal International 2008, 172:155-166.
158. Massonnet D., Feigl K.L. Discrimination of geophysical phenomena in satellite radar interferograms. Geophysical Research Letters 1995, 22:1537-1540.
159. Massonnet D., Feigl K.L., Vadon H., Rossi M. Coseismic deformation field of the M=6.7 Northridge, California earthquake of January 17, 1994 recorded by two radar satellites using interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters 1996, 23:969-972.
160. Massonnet D., Thatcher W., Vadon H. Detection of postseismic fault-zone collapse following the Landers earthquake. Nature 1996, 382:612-616.
161. Maurin T., Masson F., Rangin C., et al. First global positioning system results in northern Myanmar: constant and localized slip rate along the Sagaing fault. Geology 2010, 38:591-594.
162. Mazzotti S., Hyndman R., Flück P., Smith A.J., Schmidt M. Distribution of the Pacific/North America motion in the Queen Charlotte Islands-S. Alaska plate boundary zone. Geophysical Research Letters 2003, 30:1762. 10.1029/2003GL017586.
163. McKenzie D., Fairhead D. Estimates of the effective elastic thickness of the continental lithosphere from Bouguer and free air gravity anomalies. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:27523-27527.
164. McKenzie D., Jackson J., Priestley K. Thermal structure of oceanic and continental lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 233:337-349.
165. Meade B. Present-day kinematics at the India-Asia collision zone. Geology 2007, 35:81-84.
166. Meade B.J., Hager B.H., Mcclusky S.C., Reilinger R.E. Estimates of seismic potential in the Marmara Sea region from block models of secular deformation constrained by Global Positioning System measurements. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002, 92:208-215.
167. Meng G., Ren J., Wang M., et al. Crustal deformation in western Sichuan region and implications for 12 May 2008 Ms8.0 earthquake. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2008, 9:Q11007. 10.1029/2008GC002144.
168. Metzger S., Jónsson S., Geirsson H. Locking depth and slip-rate of the Húsavík Flatey fault, North Iceland, derived from continuous GPS data 2006-2010. Geophysical Journal International 2011, 187:564-576.
169. Moore M., England P., Parsons B. Relation between surface velocity field and shear wave splitting in the South Island of New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research 2002, 107:2198. 10.1029/2000JB000093.
170. Motagh M., Hoffmann J., Kampes B., et al. Strain accumulation across the Gazikoy-Saros segment of the North Anatolian Fault inferred from Persistent Scatterer Interferometry and GPS measurements. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 255:432-444.
171. Nakahara H., Nishimura T., Sato H., Ohtake M., Kinoshita S., Hamaguchi H. Broadband source process of the 1998 Iwate Prefecture, Japan, earthquake as revealed from inversion analyses of seismic waveforms and envelopes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002, 92:1708-1720.
172. Nakamura T., Tsuboi S., Kaneda Y., Yamanaka Y. Rupture process of the 2008 Wenchuan, China earthquake inferred from teleseismic waveform inversion and forward modeling of broadband seismic waves. Tectonophysics 2010, 491:72-84.
173. Nazareth J.J., Hauksson E. The seismogenic thickness of the southern California crust. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2004, 94:940-960.
174. Nishimura T., Thatcher W. Rheology of the lithosphere inferred from postseismic uplift following the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108:2389. 10.1029/2002JB002191.
175. Nishimura T., Fujiwara S., Murakami M., Tobita M., Nakagawa H., Sagiya T., Tada T. The M6.1 earthquake triggered by volcanic inflation of Iwate volcano, northern Japan, observed by satellite radar interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters 2001, 28:635-638.
176. Nishimura T., Imakiire T., Yarai H., Ozawa T., Murakami M., Kaidzu M. A preliminary fault model of the 2003 July 26, M6.4 northern Miyagi earthquake, northeastern Japan, estimated from joint inversion of GPS, leveling, and InSAR data. Earth, Planets and Space 2003, 55:751-757.
177. Nissen E., Emmerson B., Funning G.J., Mistrukov A., Parsons B., Robinson D.P., Rogozhin E., Wright T.J. Combining InSAR and seismology to study the 2003 Siberian Altai earthquakes-dextral strike-slip and anticlockwise rotations in the northern India-Eurasia collision zone. Geophysics Journal International 2007, 169:216-232.
178. Nissen E., Yamini-Fard F., Tatar M., Gholamzadeh A., Bergman E., Elliott J.R., Jackson J.A., Parsons B. The vertical separation of mainshock rupture and microseismicity at Qeshm island in the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt, Iran. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 296:181-194. 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.049.
179. Nyst M., Thatcher W. New constraints on the active tectonic deformation of the Aegean. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:B11406. 10.1029/2003JB002830.
180. Oglesby D.D., Dreger D.S., Harris R.A., Ratchkovski N., Hansen R. Inverse kinematic and forward dynamic models of the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, Alaska. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2004, 94.
181. Okada Y. Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1985, 75:1135-1154.
182. Ozawa S., Murakami M., Fujiwara S., Tobita M. Synthetic aperture radar interferogram of the 1995 Kobe earthquake and its geodetic inversion. Geophysical Research Letters 1997, 24:2327-2330.
183. Ozawa T., Nishimura S., Wada Y., Ohkura H. Coseismic deformation of the Mid Niigata prefecture earthquake in 2004 detected by RADARSAT/InSAR. Earth, Planets and Space 2005, 57:423-428.
184. Parsons B., Wright T., Rowe P., Andrews J., Jackson J., Walker R., Khatib M., Talebian M., Bergman E., Engdahl E.R. The 1994 Sefidabeh (eastern Iran) earthquakes revisited: new evidence from satellite radar interferometry and carbonate dating about the growth of an active fold above a blind thrust fault. Geophysics Journal International 2006, 164:202-217.
185. Pathier E., Fielding E.J., Wright T.J., Walker R., Parsons B.E., Hensley S. Displacement field and slip distribution of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake from SAR imagery. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33.
186. Pearson C., Denys P., Hodgkinson K. Geodetic constraints on the kinematics of the alpine fault in the southern south island of New Zealand, using results from the Hawea-Haast GPS transect. Geophysical Research Letters 2000, 27:1319-1322.
187. S=6.6 earthquakes in the South Iceland Seismic Zone. Geophysical Research Letters 2001, 28:3341-3344. (June 2000).
188. Peltzer G., Rosen P., Rogez F., et al. Poroelastic rebound along the Landers 1992 earthquake surface rupture. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103:30131-30145.
189. Peltzer G., Crampé F., Hensley S., et al. Transient strain accumulation and fault interaction in the Eastern California shear zone. Geology 2001, 29:975-978.
190. Pérez O., Bilham R., Bendick R., et al. Velocity field across the southern Caribbean plate boundary and estimates of Caribbean/South-American plate motion using GPS geodesy 1994-2000. Geophysical Research Letters 2001, 28:2987-2990.
191. Pérez-Gussinyé M., Lowry A., Watts A., Velicogna I. On the recovery of effective elastic thickness using spectral methods: examples from synthetic data and from the Fennoscandian Shield. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109.
192. Perfettini H., Avouac J. Postseismic relaxation driven by brittle creep: a possible mechanism to reconcile geodetic measurements and the decay rate of aftershocks, application to the Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:B02304. 10.1029/2003JB002488.
193. Perfettini H., Avouac J. Modeling afterslip and aftershocks following the 1992 Landers earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B07409. 10.1029/2006JB004399.
194. Peyret M., Rolandone F., Dominguez S., Djamour Y., Meyer B. Source model for the Mw6.1, 31 March 2006, Chalan-Chulan earthquake (Iran) from InSAR. Terra Nova 2008, 20:126-133.
195. Peyret M., Djamour Y., Hessami K., et al. Present-day strain distribution across the Minab-Zendan-Palami fault system from dense GPS transects. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 179:751-762.
196. Pezzo G., Tolomei C., Atzori S., et al. New kinematic constraints of the western Doruneh fault, northeastern Iran, from interseismic deformation analysis. Geophysical Journal International 2012, 190:622-628.
197. Pollack H.N., Hurter S.J., Johnson J.R. Heat flow from the earth's interior - analysis of the global data set. Reviews of Geophysics 1993, 31:267-280.
198. Pollitz F. Postseismic relaxation theory on the spherical earth. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1992, 82:422-453.
199. Pollitz F. Transient rheology of the uppermost mantle beneath the Mojave Desert, California. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 215:89-104.
200. Pollitz F. Transient rheology of the upper mantle beneath central Alaska inferred from the crustal velocity field following the 2002 Denali earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110:B08407. 10.1029/2005JB003672.
201. Pollitz F., Thatcher W. On the resolution of shallow mantle viscosity structure using postearthquake relaxation data: application to the 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:B10412. 10.1029/2010JB007405.
202. Pollitz F., Bürgmann R., Segall P. Joint estimation of afterslip rate and postseismic relaxation following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103:26975-26992.
203. Pollitz F.F., Peltzer G., Bürgmann R. Mobility of continental mantle: evidence from postseismic geodetic observations following the 1992 Landers earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:8035-8054.
204. Pollitz F., Bürgmann R., Thatcher W. Illumination of rheological mantle heterogeneity by the M7.2 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. Geochemitry Geophysics Geosystems 2012, 13:Q06002. 10.1029/2012GC004139.
205. Prawirodirdjo L., Bock Y., McCaffrey R., et al. Geodetic observations of interseismic strain segmentation at the Sumatra subduction zone. Geophysical Research Letters 1997, 24:2601-2604.
206. Priestley K., McKenzie D. The thermal structure of the lithosphere from shear wave velocities. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 244:285-301.
207. w=8.1 Antofagasta, Chile, earthquake as constrained by InSAR and GPS observations. Geophysics Journal International 2002, 150:362-376.
208. Reilinger R. Evidence for postseismic viscoelastic relaxation following the 1959 M=7.5 Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 1986, 91:9488-9494.
209. Reilinger R.E., Ergintav S., Bürgmann R., et al. Coseismic and postseismic fault slip for the 17 August 1999, M=7.5, Izmit, Turkey earthquake. Science 2000, 289:1519-1524.
210. Reilinger R., McClusky S., Vernant P., et al. GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B05411. 10.1029/2005JB004051.
211. Rigo A., de Chabalier J.B., Meyer B., Armijo R. The 1995 Kozani-Grevena (northern Greece) earthquake revisited: an improved faulting model from synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Geophysics Journal International 2004, 157:727-736.
212. Riva R., Govers R. Relating viscosities from postseismic relaxation to a realistic viscosity structure for the lithosphere. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 176:614-624.
213. Riva R.E.M., Borghi A., Aoudia A., et al. Viscoelastic relaxation and long-lasting after-slip following the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Central Italy) earthquakes. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 169:534-546.
214. Romanowicz B., Dreger D., Pasyanos M., Uhrhammer R. Monitoring of strain release in central and northern California using broadband data. Geophysical Research Letters 1993, 20:1643-1646.
215. Rundle J., Jackson D. A three-dimensional viscoelastic model of a strike slip fault. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 1977, 49:575-591.
216. Ryder I., Parsons B., Wright T., Funning G. Post-seismic motion following the 1997 Manyi (Tibet) earthquake: InSAR observations and modelling. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 169:1009-1027.
217. Ryder I., Bürgmann R., Sun J. Tandem afterslip on connected fault planes following the 2008 Nima-Gaize (Tibet) earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:B03404. 10.1029/2009JB006423.
218. Ryder I., Bürgmann R., Pollitz F. Lower crustal relaxation beneath the Tibetan Plateau and Qaidam Basin following the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake. Geophysical Journal International 2011, 187:613-630.
219. w6.1 Killari, India, earthquake of 29 September 1993. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B02302.
220. Satyabala S.P., Bilham R. Surface deformation and subsurface slip of the 28 March 1999 Mw=6.4 west Himalayan Chamoli earthquake from InSAR analysis. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33:L23305.
221. Savage J. Equivalent strike-slip earthquake cycles in half-space and lithosphere-asthenosphere earth models. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990, 95:4873-4879.
222. Savage J., Burford R. Geodetic determination of relative plate motion in central California. Journal of Geophysical Research 1973, 78:832-845.
223. Savage J., Prescott W. Asthenosphere readjustment and the earthquake cycle. Journal of Geophysical Research 1978, 83:3369-3376.
224. w=7.3 Landers earthquake, southern California. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:7565-7578.
225. Scheiber-Enslin S.E., LaFemina P.C., Sturkell E., Hooper A.J., Webb S.J. Geodetic investigation of plate spreading along a propagating ridge: the Eastern Volcanic Zone, Iceland. Geophysical Journal International 2011, 187:1175-1194.
226. Schmidt D.A., Bürgmann R. InSAR constraints on the source parameters of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33:L02315.
227. Scholz C., Bilham R. On the mechanics of earthquake afterslip. Journal of Geophysical Research 1991, 96:8441-8452.
228. Searle M.P., Elliott J.R., Phillips R.J., Chung S.L. Crustal-lithospheric and continental extrusion of Tibet. Journal of the Geological Society of London 2011, 168:633-672. 10.1144/0016-76492010-139.
229. Seeber L., Ekström G., Jain S.K., Murty C.V.R., Chandak N., Armbruster J.G. The 1993 Killari earthquake in central India: a new fault in Mesozoic basalt flows?. Journal of Geophysical Research 1996, 101:8543-8560.
230. Semmane F., Campillo M., Cotton F. Fault location and source process of the Boumerdes, Algeria, earthquake inferred from geodetic and strong motion data. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32.
231. Serpelloni E., Bürgmann R., Anzidei M., et al. Strain accumulation across the Messina Straits and kinematics of Sicily and Calabria from GPS data and dislocation modeling. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 298:347-360.
232. Shelly D.R., Johnson K.M. Tremor reveals stress shadowing, deep postseismic creep, and depth-dependent slip recurrence on the lower-crustal San Andreas fault near Parkfield. Geophysical Research Letters 2011, 38.
233. Sheu S.Y., Shieh C.F. Viscoelasticafterslip concurrence: a possible mechanism in the early post-seismic deformation of the Mw7.6, 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake. Geophysical Journal International 2004, 159:1112-1124.
234. Sibson R.H. Fault zone models, heat flow, and the depth distribution of earthquakes in the continental crust of the United States. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1982, 72:151-163.
235. Simons M., Fialko Y., Rivera L. Coseismic deformation from the 1999 Mw7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake as inferred from InSAR and GPS observations. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002, 92:1390-1402. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/92/4/1390.pdf).
236. Sloan R.A., Jackson J.A., McKenzie D., Priestley K. Earthquake depth distributions in central Asia, and their relations with lithosphere thickness, shortening and extension. Geophysics Journal International 2011, 185:1-29.
237. Smith W.H.F., Wessel P. Gridding with continuous curvature splines in tension. Geophysics 1990, 55:293.
238. Smith-Konter B.R., Sandwell D.T., Shearer P. Locking depths estimated from geodesy and seismology along the San Andreas Fault System: implications for seismic moment release. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011, 116:B06401. 10.1029/2010JB008117.
239. Socquet A., Simons W., Vigny C., et al. Microblock rotations and fault coupling in SE Asia triple junction (Sulawesi, Indonesia) from GPS and earthquake slip vector data. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B08409. 10.1029/2005JB003963.
240. Socquet A., Vigny C., Chamotrooke N., et al. India and Sunda plates motion and deformation along their boundary in Myanmar determined by GPS. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B05406. 10.1029/2005JB003877.
241. Soledad Velasco M., Bennett R.A., Johnson R.A., et al. Subsurface fault geometries and crustal extension in the eastern Basin and Range Province, western U.S. Tectonophysics 2010, 488:131-142.
242. Spinler J.C., Bennett R.A., Anderson M.L. Present day strain accumulation and slip rates associated with southern San Andreas and eastern California shear zone faults. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:B11407. 10.1029/2010JB007424.
243. Stramondo S., Tesauro M., Briole P., Sansosti E., Salvi S., Lanari R., Anzidei M., Baldi P., Fornaro G., Avallone A., Buongiorno M.F., Franceschetti G., Boschi E. The September 26, 1997 Colfiorito, Italy, earthquakes: modeled coseismic surface displacement from SAR interferometry and GPS. Geophysical Research Letters 1999, 26:883-886.
244. W=7.2) in Iran derived from JERS and ERS InSAR observations. Geophysics Journal International 2011, 185:676-692.
245. Takeuchi C., Fialko Y. Dynamic models of interseismic deformation and stress transfer from plate motion to continental transform faults. Journal of Geophysical Research 2012, 117:B05403. 10.1029/2011JB009056.
246. Talebian M., Biggs J., Bolourchi M., Copley A., Ghassemi A., Ghorashi M., Hollingsworth J., Jackson J., Nissen E., Oveisi B., Parsons B., Priestley K., Saiidi A. The Dahuiyeh (Zarand) earthquake of 2005 February 22 in central Iran: reactivation of an intramountain reverse fault. Geophysics Journal International 2006, 164:137-148.
247. Tatar O., Poyraz F., Gürsoy H., et al. Crustal deformation and kinematics of the Eastern Part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey) from GPS measurements. Tectonophysics 2012, 518-521:55-62.
248. Taylor M., Peltzer G. Current slip rates on conjugate strike-slip faults in central Tibet using synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B12402. 10.1029/2005JB004014.
249. Tesauro M., Kaban M., Cloetingh S. Global strength and elastic thickness of the lithosphere. Global and Planetary Change 2012, 90-91:51-57.
250. Thatcher W. Microplate model for the present-day deformation of Tibet. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:1-13.
251. Thatcher W., England P. Ductile shear zones beneath strike-slip faults: implications for the thermomechanics of the San Andreas fault zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103:891-905.
252. Thatcher W., Rundle J. A model for the earthquake cycle in underthrust zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 1979, 84:5540-5556.
253. Tobita M., Fujiwara S., Ozawa S., Rosen P.A., Fielding E.J., Werner C.L., Murakami M., Nakagawa H., Nitta K., Murakami M. Deformation of the 1995 North Sakhalin earthquake detected by JERS-1/SAR interferometry. Earth, Planets and Space 1998, 50:313-325.
254. Umutlu N., Koketsu K., Milkereit C. The rupture process during the 1999 Düzce, Turkey, earthquake from joint inversion of teleseismic and strong-motion data. Tectonophysics 2004, 391:315-324.
255. Utkucu M., Alptekin Ö., Pinar A. A detailed source study of the Orta (Çankiri) earthquake of June 6, 2000 (MS=6.1): an intraplate earthquake in central Anatolia. Journal of Seismology 2003, 7:193-202.
256. Vaghri A., Hearn E. Can lateral viscosity contrasts explain asymmetric interseismic deformation around strike-slip faults?. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2012, 102:490-503.
257. w=7.5) earthquake and its tectonic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:28065-28080.
258. Vergnolle M., Pollitz F., Calais E., et al. Constraints on the viscosity of the continental crust and mantle from gps measurements and postseismic deformation models in western Mongolia. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108:2502.
259. Vigny C., Socquet A., Rangin C., et al. Present-day crustal deformation around Sagaing fault, Myanmar. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108:2533. 10.1029/2002JB001999.
260. Wald D.J., Heaton T.H. Spatial and temporal distribution of slip for the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1994, 84:668-691. (http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/reprint/84/3/668.pdf).
261. Walker R.T., Bergman E.A., Elliott J.R., Fielding E.J., Ghods A.R., Ghoraishi M., Jackson J., Nemati M., Oviesi B., Talebian M., Walters R. The 2010-2011 South Rigan (Baluchestan) earthquake sequence and its implications for distributed deformation and earthquake hazard in southeast Iran. Geophysics Journal International 2013, 193:349-374. 10.1093/gji/ggs109.
262. Wallace K., Yin G., Bilham R. Inescapable slow slip on the Altyn Tagh fault. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31:L09613. 10.1029/2004GL019724.
263. Wallace L.M., Beavan J., McCaffrey R., Berryman K., Denys P. Balancing the plate motion budget in the South Island, New Zealand using GPS, geological and seismological data. Geophysical Journal International 2007, 168:332-352.
264. Walpersdorf A., Hatzfeld D., Nankali H., et al. Difference in the GPS deformation pattern of North and Central Zagros (Iran). Geophysical Journal International 2006, 167:1077-1088.
265. Walters R.J., Elliott J.R., D'Agostino N., England P.C., Hunstad I., Jackson J.A., Parsons B., Phillips R., Roberts G. The 2009 L'Aquila earthquke (Central Italy): a source mechanism and implications for seismic hazard. Geophysical Research Letters 2009, 36. 10.1029/2009GL039337.
266. Walters R.J., Holley R.J., Parsons B., Wright T.J. New signatures of underground nuclear tests revealed by satellite radar interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters 2011, 38:L05303. 10.1029/2010GL046443.
267. Wang H., Wright T.J. Satellite geodetic imaging reveals internal deformation of western Tibet. Geophysical Research Letters 2012, 39:L07303. 10.1029/2012GL051222.
268. Wang H., Wright T.J., Biggs J. Interseismic slip rate of the northwestern Xianshuihe fault from InSAR data. Geophysical Research Letters 2009, 36:L03302. 10.1029/2008GL036560.
269. Wang L., Wang R., Roth F., Enescu B., Hainzl S., Ergintav S. Afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation following the 1999 M 7.4 Ízmit earthquake from GPS measurements. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 178:1220-1237.
270. Watts A., Zhong S., Hunter J. The behavior of the lithosphere on seismic to geologic timescales. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2013, 41.
271. Wdowinski S., Bock Y., Baer G., et al. GPS measurements of current crustal movements along the Dead Sea Fault. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:B05403. 10.1029/2003JB002640.
272. Wei S., Fielding E., Leprince S., Sladen A., Avouac J.P., Helmberger D., Hauksson E., Chu R., Simons M., Hudnut K., Herring T., Briggs R. Superficial simplicity of the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake of Baja California in Mexico. Nature Geoscience 2011, 4:615-618.
273. Wernicke B., Davis J.L.B., et al. Tectonic implications of a dense continuous GPS velocity field at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:B12404. 10.1029/2003JB002832.
274. Wessel P., Smith W.H.F. New, improved version of generic mapping tools released. EOS Transactions AGU 1998, 79:579.
275. Weston J., Ferreira A.M.G., Funning G.J. Global compilation of interferometric synthetic aperture radar earthquake source models: 1. Comparisons with seismic catalogs. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011, 116.
276. Weston J., Ferreira A., Funning G. Systematic comparisons of earthquake source models determined using InSAR and seismic data. Tectonophysics 2012, 532-535:61-81.
277. Wright T. Remote monitoring of the earthquake cycle using satellite radar interferometry. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 2002, 360:2873-2888.
278. Wright T.J., Parsons B.E., Jackson J.A., Haynes M., Fielding E.J., England P.C., Clarke P.J. Source parameters of the 1 October 1995 Dinar (Turkey) earthquake from SAR interferometry and seismic bodywave modelling. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1999, 172:23-37.
279. Wright T., Parsons B., Fielding E. Measurement of interseismic strain accumulation across the North Anatolian Fault by satellite radar interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters 2001, 28:2117-2120.
280. w6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR. Geophysical Research Letters 2003, 30.
281. Wright T.J., Parsons B., England P.C., et al. InSAR observations of low slip rates on the major faults of western Tibet. Science 2004, 305:236-239.
282. Wright T., Lu Z., Wicks C. Constraining the slip distribution and fault geometry of the Mw7.9, 3 November 2002, Denali fault earthquake with interferometric synthetic aperture radar and global positioning system data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2004, 94:S175-S189.
283. Yamasaki T., Houseman G.A. The signature of depth-dependent viscosity structure in post-seismic deformation. Geophysical Journal International 2012, 190:769-784.
284. Yamasaki T., Wright T., Houseman G. Weak ductile shear zone beneath a major strike-slip fault: inferences from earthquake cycle model constrained by geodetic observations of the western North Anatolian Fault Zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 2013, (in review).
285. Yang Z., Chen W.P. Mozambique earthquake sequence of 2006: high-angle normal faulting in southern Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113.
286. Yelles-Chaouche A.K., Djellit H., Beldjoudi H., Bezzeghoud M., Buforn E. The Ain Temouchent (Algeria) earthquake of December 22nd, 1999. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2004, 161:607-621.
287. Yu S.B., Hsu Y.J., Kuo L.C., et al. GPS measurement of postseismic deformation following the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108:2520. 10.1029/2003JB002396.
288. Zhang P.Z., Molnar P., Xu X. Late Quaternary and present-day rates of slip along the Altyn Tagh Fault, northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics 2007, 26:TC5010. 10.1029/2006TC002014.