The 1994 Sefidabeh (eastern Iran) earthquakes revisited: New evidence from satellite radar interferometry and carbonate dating about the growth of an active fold above a blind thrust fault

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 164, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 202-217

  Parsons, Barry ^a   Wright, T ^a   Rowe, P ^b   Andrews, J ^b   Jackson, J ^c   Walker, R ^c   Khatib, M ^d   Talebian, M ^e   Bergman, E ^f   Engdahl, E R ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BIRJAND   (Iran)

^e GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF IRAN   (Iran)

^f UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Continental deformation; Earthquakes; Geochronology; Iran; SAR interferometry

Indexed keywords

EARTHQUAKE EVENT; FAULTING; FOLD; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GEOMORPHOLOGY; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR; TELESEISMIC WAVE; THRUST FAULT; WAVEFORM ANALYSIS;

ASIA; EURASIA; IRAN; KHORASAN; MIDDLE EAST; SEFIDABEH;

EID: 33645988570     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02655.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Bayasgalan, A., Jackson, J., Ritz, J.-F. & Cartier, S., 1999. Field examples of strike-slip fault terminations in Mongolia and their tectonic significance, Tectonics, 18, 394-411.
2. Berberian, M, Jackson, J.A., Qorashi, M., Talebian, M., Khatib, M. & Priestley, K., 2000. The 1994 Sefidabeh earthquakes in eastern Iran: blind thrusting and bedding plane slip on a growing anticline, and active tectonics of the Sistan suture zone, Geophys. J. Int., 142, 283-299.
3. Bischoff, J.L. & Fitzpatrick, J.A., 1991. U-series dating of impure carbonates: An isochron technique using total-sample dissolution, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 543-554.
4. Bondar, I., Myers, S.C., Engdahl, E.R. & Bergman, E.A., 2004. Epicentre accuracy based on seismic network criteria, Geophys. J. Int., 156, 1 -14, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.2004.02070.x.
5. Bro, R. & De Jong, S., 1997. A fast non-negativity-constrained least squares algorithm, J. Chemometrics, 11, 392-401.
6. Burns, S.J., Matter, A., Frank, N. & Mangini, A., 1998. Speleothem-based paleoclimate record from northern Oman, Geology, 26, 499-502.
7. Burns, S.J., Fleitmann, D., Matter, A., Neff, U. & Mangini, A., 2001. Speleothem evidence from Oman for continental pluvial events during interglacial periods, Geology, 29, 623-626.
8. Chu, D. & Gordon, R.G., 1998. Current plate motions across the Red Sea, Geophys. J. Int., 135, 313-328.
9. Coplen, T.B., 1994. Reporting of stable hydrogen, carbon and oxygen isotopic abundances, Pure & Applied Chemistry, 66, 273-276.
10. Cowie, P.A., 1998. A healing-reloading feedback control on the growth rate of seismogenic faults, J. Struct. Geol., 20, 1075-1087.
11. Cowie, P.A. & Scholz, C.H., 1992a. Growth of faults by accumulation of seismic slip, J. geophys. Res., 97, 11 085-11 095.
12. Cowie, P.A. & Scholz, C.H., 1992b. Physical explanation for the displacement-length relationship of faults using a post-yeild fracture mechanics model, J. Struct. Geol., 14, 1133-1148.
13. DeMets, C., Gordon, R.G., Argus, D.F. & Stein, S., 1994. Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal time scale on estimates of current plate motions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2191-2194.
14. Dickson, J.A.D., 1965. A modified staining technique for carbonates in thin section, Nature, 205, 587.
15. Dolan, J.F., Christofferson, S.A. & Shaw, J.H., 2003. Recognition of paleoearthquakes on the Puente Hills blind thrust fault, California, Science, 300, 115-118.
16. Engdahl, E.R., van der Hilst, R. & Buland, R., 1998. Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 88, 722-743.
17. Farr, T. & Kobrich, M., 2000. Shuttle radar topographic mission produces a wealth of data, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 81, 583-585.
18. Ferguson, J., Burne, R.V. & Chambers, L.A., 1982. Lithification of peritidal carbonates by continental brines at Fisherman Bay, south Australia, to form a megopolygon/spelean limestone association, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 52, 1127-1147.
19. Freund, R., 1970. Rotation of strike-slip faults in Sistan, southeast Iran, J. Geol, 78, 188-200.
20. Hanssen, R.F., 2001, Radar Interferometry: Data Interpretation and Error Analysis, 308 pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers: Netherlands.
21. Hays, P.D. & Grossman, E.L., 1991. Oxygen isotopes in meteoric calcite cements as indicators of continental palaeoclimate, Geology, 19, 441-444.
22. Ivanovich, M. & Harmon, R.S., 1992, Uranium Series Disequilibrium: Application to Environmental Problems in the Earth Sciences, 910 pp., Clarendon Press, Oxford.
23. Jackson, J.A., Norris, R. & Youngson, J., 1996. The structural development of active fault and fold systems in central Otago, New Zealand: Evidence revealed by drainage patterns, J. Struct. Geol., 18, 217-234.
24. Jónsson, S., Zebker, H., Segall, P. & Amelung, F., 2002. Fault slip distribution of the 1999 M w 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, estimated from satellite radar and GPS measurements, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 92, 1377-1389.
25. Jordan, T.H. & Sverdrup, K.A., 1981. Teleseismic location techniques and their application to earthquake clusters in the south-central Pacific, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 71, 1105-1130.
26. Kaufman, A., 1993. An evaluation of several methods for determining 230 Th/U ages in impure carbonates, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 2303-2317.
27. Kaufmann, A. & Broecker, W.S., 1965. Comparison of 230 Th and 14 C ages for carbonate materials from Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville. J. geophys. Res., 70, 4039-4054.
28. Keller, E.A., Zepeda, R.L., Rockwell, T.K., Ku, T.L. & Dinklage, W.S., 1998. Active tectonics at Wheeler Ridge, southern San Joaquin Valley, California, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 110, 298-310.
29. Kroon, D., Alexander, I., Little, M., Lourens, L.J., Mathewson, A., Robertson, A.H. F. & Sakamoto, T., 1998. Oxygen isotope and sapropel stratigraphy in the Eastern Mediterranean during the last 3.2 million years, in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 160, pp. 181-189, eds Robertson, A.H.F., Emeis, K.-C., Richter, C. & Camerlenghi, A.
30. Ku, T.-L. & Liang, Z.-C., 1984. The dating of impure carbonates with decay-series isotopes. Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res., 223, 563-571.
31. Ludwig, K.R., 2001. Isoplot/Ex, version 2.49: A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel, Berkeley Geochronological Center Special Publication, 1a, 56 pp.
32. Ludwig, K.R., 2003. Mathematical-statistical treatment of data and errors for 230 Th/U geochronology, Uranium Series Geochemistry, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Vol. 52, p. 656, in Bourdon, B., Henderson, G.M., Lundstrom, C.C. & Turner, S.P., Mineralogical Society of America.
33. Ludwig, K.R. & Titterington, D.M., 1994. Calculation of 230 Th/U isochrons, ages, and errors, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 5031-5042.
34. Luo, S. & Ku, T.L., 1991. U-series isochron dating: A generalized method employing total sample dissolution, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 555-564.
35. Massonnet, D. & Feigl, K.L., 1998. Radar interferometry and its application to changes in the earth's surface, Rev. Geophys., 36, 441-500.
36. Menke, W., 1989. Geophysical Data Analysis: Discrete Inverse Theory. Revised edn, Academic Press Inc., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, San Deigo.
37. Okada, Y., 1985. Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 75, 1135-1154.
38. Ritzwoller, M.H., Shapiro, N.M., Levshin, A.L., Bergman, E.A. & Engdahl, E.R., 2003. Ability of a global three-dimensional model to locate regional events, J. geophys. Res., 108, 2353, doi:10.1029/ 2002JB002167.
39. Rosen, P.A., Hensley, S., Peltzer, G. & Simons, M., 2004. Updated Repeat Orbit Interferometry package released, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 85, 35.
40. Rozanski, K., Araguas-Araguas, L. & Gonfiantini, R., 1993. Isotopic patterns in modern global precipitation, in Climate change in continental isotopic records, pp. 1-36, eds Swart, P.K., Lohmann, K.C., McKenzie, J. & Savin, S., American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 78, Washington DC.
41. Rubinstein, R.Y., 1981. Simulation and the Monte Carlo Method, Wiley series in probability and mathematical statistics, Wiley New York.
42. Schwarcz, H.P., 1989. Uranium series dating, Quat. Int., 1, 7-17.
43. Schwarcz, H.P. & Latham, A.G., 1989. Dirty calcites: 1. Uranium-series dating of contaminated calcite using leachates alone, Chemical Geology, 80, 35-43.
44. Sella, G.F., Dixon, T.H. & Mao, A., 2002. REVEL: A model for recent plate velocities from space geodesy, J. geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/ 2000JB000033.
45. Singhvi, A.K., Banerjee, D., Ramesh, R., Rajaguru, S.N. & Gogte, V., 1996. A luminescence method for dating 'dirty' pedogenic carbonates for paleoenvironmental reconstruction, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 139, 321-332. 139 321-332.
46. Stein, R.S., King, G.C.P. & Rundle, J.B., 1988. The growth of geological structures by repeated earthquakes: 2. Field examples of continental dip-slip faults, J. geophys. Res., 93, 13,319-13,311.
47. Vernant, Ph. et al., 2004. Present-day crustal deformation and plate kinematics in the Middle East constrained by GPS measurements in Iran and northern Oman, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 381-398.
48. Walker, R. & Jackson, J., 2002. Offset and evolution of the Gowk fault, S.E. Iran: A major intra-continental strike-slip system, J. Struct. Geol., 24, 1677-1698.
49. Walker, R. & Jackson, J., 2004. Active tectonics and late Tertiary strain distribution in central and eastern Iran, Tectonics, TC5010, doi:10.1029/2003TC001529.
50. Wright, T.J., Parsons, B.E., Jackson, J.A., Haynes, M., Fielding, E.J., England, P.C. & Clarke, P.J., 1999. Source parameters of the 1 October 1995 Dinar (Turkey) earthquake from SAR interferometry and seismic bodywave modelling, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 172, 23-37.
51. Wright, T.J., Lu, Z. & Wicks, C., 2004. Constraining the slip distribution and fault geometry of the M w 7.9, 3 November 2002, Denali Fault earthquake with interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Positioning System data, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 94, S175-S189.
52. Yurtsever, Y. 1975, Worldwide survey of stable isotopes in precipitation: Reports section isotope hydrology. International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 40.