Evolution of ethical debate on face transplantation

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Volumn 132, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 1558-1568

  Kiwanuka, Harriet ^a   Bueno, Ericka Maria ^a   Diaz Siso, J Rodrigo ^a   Sisk, Geoffroy C ^a   Lehmann, Lisa Soleymani ^a   Pomahac, Bohdan ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ETHICS; FACIAL TRANSPLANTATION; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; HUMAN; PLASTIC SURGERY; TRENDS; REVIEW;

ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; FACIAL TRANSPLANTATION; HUMANS; SURGERY, PLASTIC;

EID: 84889047821     PISSN: 00321052     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182a97e2b     Document Type: Article

References (124)

1. BBC Online Network. From Hand to Face. 1998. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/183870.stm. Accessed July 15, 2012.
2. McDowell N. Surgeons struggle with ethical nightmare of face transplants. Nature 2002;420:449.
3. Dubernard JM, Lengelé B, Morelon E, et al. Outcomes 18 months after the frst human partial face transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2451-2460.
4. Hettiaratchy S, Butler PE. Face transplantation: Fantasy or the future? Lancet 2002;360:5-6.
5. Bosch X. Surgeon denied ethics approval for face transplantation. Lancet 2004;363:871.
6. Morris PJ, Bradley JA, Doyal L, et al. Facial transplantation: A working party report from the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Transplantation 2004;77:330-338.
7. Caplan A, Katz D. About face. Hastings Center Rep. 2003;33:8.
8. Kmietowicz Z. Face transplants should not be done without more research. BMJ 2003;327:1184.
9. Full or partial face transplants. Bull Med Ethics 2004;202:9-11.
10. Agich GJ, Siemionow M. Facing the ethical questions in facial transplantation. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:25-27.
11. Banis JC, Barker JH, Cunningham M, et al. Response to selected commentaries on the AJOB Article "On the Ethics of Face Transplantation Research". Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:W23-W31.
12. Barker JH, Vossen M, Banis JC Jr. The technical, immuno-logical, and ethical feasibility of face transplantation. J Surg. 2004;2:8-12.
13. Baylis F. A face is not just like a hand: Pace Barker. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:30-32; discussion W23-W31.
14. Butler PE, Clarke A, Ashcroft RE. Face transplantation: When and for whom? Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:16-17; discussion W23-W31.
15. Caplan A. Facing ourselves. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:18-20; discussion W3-W31.
16. Chambers T. How to do things with AJOB: The case of facial transplantation. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:20-21.
17. Check E. Surgeons seek go-ahead to perform frst face transplant. Nature 2004;431:389.
18. Clark J. Face transplants technically possible, but "very hazardous". CMAJ 2004;170:323.
19. Clarke A, Butler PEM. Face transplantation: Psychological assessment and preparation for surgery. Psychol Health Med. 2004;9:315-326.
20. Cunningham MR, Barker JH. Response to: R. Farrer Psychological considerations in face transplantation. Int J Surg. 2004;2:78-79.
21. Farrer R. Psychological considerations in face transplantation. Int J Surg. 2004;2:77-78.
22. Furr LA, Barker JH. Response to: Summerton and Agha Sociological considerations in face transplantation. Int J Surg. 2004;2:83.
23. Goering S. Facing the consequences of facial transplantation: Individual choices, social effects. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4: 37-39; discussion W23-W31.
24. Haughton P. Ethical considerations in face transplantation. Int J Surg. 2004;2:79-81.
25. Maschke KJ, Trump E. Facial transplantation research: A need for additional deliberation. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:33-35; discussion W23-W31.
26. Morreim EH. About face: Downplaying the role of the press in facial transplantation research. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:27-29; discussion W23-W31.
27. Morris PJ, Monaco A P. Facial transplantation: Is the time right? Transplantation 2004;77:329.
28. Petit F, Paraskevas A, Lantieri L. A surgeons' perspective on the ethics of face transplantation. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:14-16; discussion W23-W31.
29. Petit F, Paraskevas A, Minns AB, Lee WP, Lantieri LA. Face transplantation: Where do we stand? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;113:1429-1433.
30. Robertson JA. Face transplants: Enriching the debate. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:32-33; discussion W23-W31.
31. Rumsey N. Psychological aspects of face transplantation: Read the small print carefully. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:22-25; discussion W23-W31.
32. Siemionow M, Ozmen S, Demir Y. Prospects for facial allograft transplantation in humans. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;113:1421-1428.
33. Strong C. Should we be putting a good face on facial transplantation? Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:13-14; discussion W23-W31.
34. Summerton I, Agha RA. Sociological considerations in face transplantation. Int J Surg. 2004;2:82-83.
35. Thorburn G, Hettiaratchy S, Ashcroft R, Butler PE. Patient selection for facial transplantation III: Ethical considerations. Int J Surg. 2004;2:118-119.
36. Trachtman H. Facing the truth: A response to "On the ethics of facial transplantation research" by Wiggins et al. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:W33-W34.
37. Wiggins OP, Barker JH. Response to: Thorburn et al Patient selection for facial transplantation III: Ethical considerations. Int J Surg. 2004;2:119.
38. Wiggins OP, Barker JH. Response to: P. Haughton Ethical considerations of facial transplantation. Int J Surg. 2004;2:81-82.
39. Wiggins OP, Barker JH, Martinez S, et al. On the ethics of facial transplantation research. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:1-12.
40. The frst facial transplant. Lancet 2005;366:1984.
41. Agich GJ, Siemionow M. Until they have faces: The ethics of facial allograft transplantation. J Med Ethics 2005;31:707-709.
42. Butler PE, Clarke A, Hettiaratchy S. Facial transplantation. BMJ 2005;331:1349-1350.
43. Clark PA. Face transplantation: Part II. An ethical perspective. Med Sci Monit. 2005;11:RA41-RA47.
44. Clarke A, Butler PE. Facial transplantation: Adding to the reconstructive options after severe facial injury and disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2005;5:1539-1546.
45. Huxtable R, Woodley J. Gaining face or losing face? Framing the debate on face transplants. Bioethics 2005;19:505-522.
46. Mark M. The ethics of face transplantation. Virtual Mentor 2005;7(9).
47. The English position: Position paper of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. South Med J. 2006;99:431.
48. The United States position: Position paper of the American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery on Facial Transplantation. South Med J. 2006;99:430.
49. Barker JH, Furr A, Cunningham M, et al. Investigation of risk acceptance in facial transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;118:663-670.
50. Bermudez L. Face transplant: Is it worth it? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117:1891-1896.
51. Brill SE, Clarke A, Veale DM, Butler PE. Psychological management and body image issues in facial transplantation. Body Image 2006;3:1-15.
52. Butler PE, Hettiaratchy S, Clarke A. Managing the risks of facial transplantation. Lancet 2006;368:561-563.
53. Butler PE, Hettiaratchy S, Clarke A. Facial transplantation: A new gold standard in facial reconstruction? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006;59:211-212.
54. Clarke A, Simmons J, White P, Withey S, Butler PE. Attitudes to face transplantation: Results of a public engagement exercise at the Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition. J Burn Care Res. 2006;27:394-398.
55. Daly CC. Saving face. South Med J. 2006;99:412-413.
56. Gander B, Brown CS, Vasilic D, et al. Composite tissue allotrans-plantation of the hand and face: A new frontier in transplant and reconstructive surgery. Transplant Int. 2006;19:868-880.
57. Hamdy RC. Face transplantation: A brave or maverick surgery? South Med J. 2006;99:410-411.
58. Hutchison I. Face transplants: Is the genie out of the bottle? South Med J. 2006;99:427-429.
59. Huxtable R, Woodley J. (When) will they have faces? A response to Agich and Siemionov. J Med Ethics 2006;32:403-404.
60. Lantieri LA. Face transplantation: The view from Paris, France. South Med J. 2006;99:421-423.
61. Okie S. Facial transplantation: Brave new face. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:889-894.
62. Peled ZM, Pribaz JJ. Face transplantation: The view from Harvard Medical School. South Med J. 2006;99:414-416.
63. Powell T. Face transplant: Real and imagined ethical challenges. J Law Med Ethics 2006;34:111-115, 114.
64. Preminger BA, Fins JJ. Face transplantation: An extraordinary case with lessons for ordinary practice. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;118:1073-1074.
65. Renshaw A, Diver A, Clarke A, Butler PE. Facial transplantation: A real option in facial reconstruction? Int J Surg. 2006;4:94-96.
66. Rohrich RJ, Longaker MT, Cunningham B. On the ethics of composite tissue allotransplantation (facial transplantation). Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117:2071-2073.
67. Shack B. Face transplantation: The view from Vanderbilt University. South Med J. 2006;99:419-420.
68. Simpson P, Batchelor A. Face transplants. Lancet 2006;367:469.
69. Walton RL, Levin LS. Face transplantation: The view from Duke University and the University Of Chicago. South Med J. 2006;99:417-418.
70. Warnke PH. Repair of a human face by allotransplantation. Lancet 2006;368:181-183.
71. Wigmore SJ. Face transplantation: The view from Birmingham, England. South Med J. 2006;99:424-426.
72. Ad-El DD. On the ethics of composite tissue allotransplanta-tion (facial transplantation). Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119:747.
73. Barker JH, Furr A, McGuire S, Cunningham M, Wiggins O, Banis JC Jr. On the ethics of composite tissue allotrans-plantation (facial transplantation). Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119:1621-1622.
74. Brown CS, Gander B, Cunningham M, et al. Ethical considerations in face transplantation. Int J Surg. 2007;5:353-364.
75. Clarke A, Murphy F, White P, Brough V, Renshaw A, Butler PE. Transplant professionals' attitudes toward facial transplantation in the United Kingdom. Prog Transplant. 2007;17:228-233.
76. Fitzgerald AM. In response to 'facial transplantation: A new gold standard in facial reconstruction?'. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2007;60:213.
77. Freeman M, Abou Jaoude P. Justifying surgery's last taboo: The ethics of face transplants. J Med Ethics 2007; 33: 76-81.
78. Furr LA, Wiggins O, Cunningham M, et al. Psychosocial implications of disfgurement and the future of human face transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120:559-565.
79. Hurlburt M. Facial transplantation: Understanding the interests of patients and hurdles to informed consent. Med Sci Monit. 2007;13:RA147-RA153.
80. Lengele B, Testelin S, Cremades S, Devauchelle B. Facing up is an act of dignity: Lessons in elegance addressed to the polemicists of the frst human face transplant. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120:803-806.
81. Morris P, Bradley A, Doyal L, et al. Face transplantation: A review of the technical, immunological, psychological and clinical issues with recommendations for good practice. Transplantation 2007;83:109-128.
82. Siemionow M, Kulahci Y. Facial transplantation. Semin Plast Surg. 2007;21:259-268.
83. Swindell JS. Facial allograft transplantation, personal identity and subjectivity. J Med Ethics 2007;33:449-453.
84. Barker JH, Brown CS, Cunningham M, et al. Ethical considerations in human facial tissue allotransplantation. Ann Plast Surg. 2008;60:103-109.
85. Chenggang Y, Yan H, Xudong Z, et al. Some issues in facial transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2008;8:2169-2172.
86. Coombes R. Face of the future. BMJ 2008;336:18-19.
87. Grayling AC. Face transplantation and living a fourishing life. Lancet 2008;371:707-708.
88. White BE, Brassington I. Facial allograft transplants: Where's the catch? J Med Ethics 2008;34:723-726.
89. Clarke A, Butler PE. The psychological management of facial transplantation. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9:1087-1100.
90. Edgar A. The challenge of transplants to an intersubjec-tively established sense of personal identity. Health Care Anal. 2009;17:123-133.
91. Johnson SE, Corsten MJ. Facial transplantation in a new era: What are the ethical implications? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;17:274-278.
92. Lengele BG. Current concepts and future challenges in facial transplantation. Clin Plast Surg. 2009;36:507-521.
93. Mathes DW, Kumar N, Ploplys E. A survey of North American burn and plastic surgeons on their current attitudes toward facial transplantation. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208:1051-1058.e3.
94. Morrison W. Face transplantation. ANZ J Surg. 2009;79: 863-864.
95. O'Neill H, Godden D. Ethical issues of facial transplantation. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;47:443-445.
96. Alexander AJ, Alam DS, Gullane PJ, Lengele BG, Adamson PA. Arguing the ethics of facial transplantation. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2010;12:60-63.
97. Coffman KL, Gordon C, Siemionow M. Psychological outcomes with face transplantation: Overview and case report. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2010;15:236-240.
98. Kalliainen LK. Supporting facial transplantation with the pillars of bioethics. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2010;26:547-554.
99. Paradis C, Siemionow M, Papay F, et al. Ethical considerations in the frst American face transplant. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;126:896-901.
100. Soni CV, Barker JH, Pushpakumar SB, et al. Psychosocial considerations in facial transplantation. Burns 2010;36: 959-964.
101. Vercler CJ. Ethical issues in face transplantation. Virtual Mentor 2010;12:378-382.
102. Edison E, Camm CF, Agha R. Commentary on: "Facial transplantation revisited: Findings from the very frst public engagement exercise". Int J Surg. 2011;9:488-489.
103. Evans LA. A historical, clinical, and ethical overview of the emerging science of facial transplantation. Plast Surg Nurs. 2011;31:151-157.
104. Gwanmesia I, Clarke A, Butler PE. Facial transplantation revisited: Findings from the very frst public engagement exercise. Int J Surg. 2011;9:433-436.
105. Prior JJ, Klein O. A qualitative analysis of attitudes to face transplants: Contrasting views of the general public and medical professionals. Psychol Health 2011;26:1589-1605.
106. Siemionow M. Ethical considerations in face transplantation: Ethical issues related to inclusion criteria for face transplant candidates. Arch Immunol Ther Exp. 2011;59:157-159.
107. Carty MJ, Bueno EM, Lehmann LS, Pomahac B. A position paper in support of face transplantation in the blind. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;130:319-324.
108. Pirnay P, Foo R Hervé C, Meningaud JP Ethical questions raised by the frst allotransplantations of the face: A survey of French surgeons. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2012;40:e402-e407.
109. Siemionow M, Ozturk C. Face transplantation: Outcomes, concerns, controversies, and future directions. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23:254-259.
110. Ankeny RA, Kerridge I. On not taking objective risk assessments at face value. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4:35-37; discussion W23-W31.
111. Furness P. Facing the future. Psychologist 2003;16:538-540.
112. Klotzko AJ. About a face. Prospect 2004;94:14-15.
113. Pomahac B, Afaki P, Nelson C, Balas B. Evaluation of appearance transfer and persistence in central face transplantation: A computer simulation analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63:733-738.
114. Siemionow M, Papay F, Alam D, et al. Near-total human face transplantation for a severely disfgured patient in the USA. Lancet 2009;374:203-209.
115. Pomahac B, Pribaz J, Eriksson E, et al. Three patients with full facial transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:715-722.
116. Cavadas PC, Ibanez J, Thione A. Surgical aspects of a lower face, mandible, and tongue allotransplantation. J Reconstr Microsurg 2012;28:43-47.
117. Pomahac B, Diaz-Siso JR, Bueno EM. Evolution of indications for facial transplantation. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64:1410-1416.
118. Bueno EM, Diaz-Siso JR Pomahac B. A multidisciplinary protocol for face transplantation at Brigham and Women's Hospital. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64:1572-1579.
119. Demir Y, Ozmen S, Klimczak A, Mukherjee AL, Siemionow M. Tolerance induction in composite facial allograft transplantation in the rat model. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114:1790-801.
120. Ulusal BG, Ulusal AE, Ozmen S, Zins JE, Siemionow MZ. A new composite facial and scalp transplantation model in rats. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112:1302-1311.
121. Siemionow M, Gozel-Ulusal B, Engin Ulusal A, Ozmen S, Izycki D, Zins JE. Functional tolerance following face transplantation in the rat. Transplantation 2003;75:1607-1609.
122. Shimkin MB. The World Health Organization. Science 1946;104:281-283.
123. Humes KR Jones NA, Ramirez RR Overview of race and Hispanic origin: 2010. Available at: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf. Accessed July 18 2012.
124. Malek SK, Keys BJ, Kumar S, Milford E, Tullius SG. Racial and ethnic disparities in kidney transplantation. Transplant Int. 2011;24:419-424.