Modeling and testing the mechanical strength of solar cells

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 120, Issue PART A, 2014, Pages 441-447

  Kaule, F ^a   Wang, W ^a,b   Schoenfelder, S ^a  

^a FRAUNHOFER CENTER FOR SILICON PHOTOVOLTAICS CSP   (Germany)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

4 point bending test; Fracture; Metallization microstructure; Silicon solar cells; Simulation; Strength

Indexed keywords

4-POINT BENDING; FRACTURE BEHAVIOR; PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES; SIMULATION; SIMULATION MODEL; STRENGTH; TESTING AND MODELING; THERMAL AND MECHANICAL LOADS;

BUSBARS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FRACTURE; FRACTURE MECHANICS; METALLIZING; MICROSTRUCTURE; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS;

SILICON SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84888332424     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.06.048     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. M. Sander, S. Dietrich, M. Pander, M. Ebert, and J. Bagdahn Systematic investigation of cracks in encapsulated solar cells after mechanical loading Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 111 2013 82 89
2. S. Kajari-Schröder, I. Kunze, U. Eitner, and M. Köntges Spatial and orientational distribution of cracks in crystalline photovoltaic modules generated by mechanical load tests Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 3054 3059
3. M. Köntges, I. Kunze, S. Kajari-Schröder, X. Breitenmoser, and B. Bjørneklett The risk of power loss in crystalline silicon based photovoltaic modules due to micro-cracks Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 1131 1137
4. K. Wasmer, A. Bidiville, F. Jeanneret, J. Michler, C. Ballif, M. van der Meer, P. Nasch, Effects of edge defects induced by multi-wire sawing on the wafer strength, in: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, pp. 1305-1310.
5. A. Bohne, S. Schoenfelder, J. Bagdahn, The influence of wire sawing process on mono- and multicrystalline silicon wafers, in: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference.
6. T. Behm, W. Fütterer, C. Funke, S. Kaminski, H.-J. Möller, R. Rietzschel, and T. Wagner Challenges of the wire saw wafering process Photovoltaics International 11 2011 36 47
7. A. Grün, A. Lawerenz, R. Porytskyy, O. Anspach, Investigation of wafer surfaces with space-resolved breaking strength tests and corresponding analysis of the crack depth, in: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference.
8. H. Wu, S.N. Melkote, and S. Danyluk Mechanical strength of silicon wafers cut by loose abrasive slurry and fixed abrasive diamond wire sawing Advanced Engineering Materials 14 2012 342 348
9. A. Grün, K. Lauer, R. Porytskyy, Methods for investigating the subsurface damage at bevel polished wafer samples, in: 27th European Photvoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, pp. 1014-1017.
10. C. Kohn, R. Kuebler, M. Krappitz, G. Kleer, I. Reis, M. Retzlaff, D. Erath, D. Biro, Influence of the metallization process on the strength of silicon solar cells, in: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference.
11. C. Kohn, R.M. Hug, Kübler, M. Krappitz, G. Kleer, Increase of the strength of screen printed silicon solar cells by post treatments, in: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, pp. 2062-2065.
12. V.A. Popovich, M. Janssen, and I.J. Bennett Breakage issues in silicon solar wafers and cells Photovoltaics International 12 2011 49 57
13. V. Popovich, M. Janssen, I. Richardson, T. van Amstel, I.J. Bennett, Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum back contact layers, in: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, pp. 1453-1458.
14. T. van Amstel, V. Popovich, I. Bennett, A multiscale model of the aluminium layer at the rear side of a solar cell, in: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, pp. 1179-1185.
15. S. Schoenfelder, A. Bohne, J. Bagdahn, Comparison of test methods for strength characterization of thin solar wafer, in: 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, pp. 1636-1640.
16. W. Weibull A Statistical Theory of the Strength of Materials, Ingeniörsvetenskapsakademiens Handlingar Nr. 151 1939 Generalstabens Litografiska Anstalts Förlag Stockholm
17. W. Weibull A statistical distribution function of wide applicability Journal of Applied Mechanics 18 1951 293 297
18. STANDARD ASTM C 1239-07, Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Ceramics, 2007.
19. STANDARD DIN EN 843-5:2007-03, Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften monolithischer Keramik bei Raumtemperatur - Teil 5: Statistische Auswertung, DIN, 2007.
20. J. Krause, R. Woehl, M. Rauer, C. Schmiga, J. Wilde, and D. Biro Microstructural and electrical properties of different-sized aluminum-alloyed contacts and their layer system on silicon surfaces Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 2151 2160
21. V. Popovich, N. van der Pers, M. Janssen, I. Bennett, K. Jansen, J. Wright, I. Richardson, Residual and bending stress measurements by x-ray diffraction and synchrotron diffraction analysis in silicon solar cells, in: 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2012, pp. 000442-000447.
22. B. Klusemann, H. Böhm, and B. Svendsen Homogenization methods for multi-phase elastic composites with non-elliptical reinforcements comparisons and benchmarks European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids 34 2012 21 37
23. M. Pander, Mechanische Untersuchungen an Solarzellen in PV-Modulen mittels Finite-Elemente-Modellierung, Master's Thesis, Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig (FH), 2009.
24. C. Kohn, T. Faber, R. Kübler, J. Beinert, G. Kleer, F. Clement, D. Erath, I. Reis, F. Martin, A. Müller, Analyses of warpage effects induced by passivation and electrode coatings in silicon solar cells, in: 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition.
25. J.J. Hall Electronic effects in the elastic constants of n-type silicon Physical Review 161 1967 756 761