Volatile flux from subduction zone volcanoes: Insights from a detailed evaluation of the fluxes from volcanoes in japan

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Volumn 268, Issue , 2013, Pages 46-63

  Shinohara, Hiroshi ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

Author keywords

Degassing; Eruption; Hot spring; SO2 flux; Subduction zone; Volatile flux; Volcanic gas

Indexed keywords

ERUPTION; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION; REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; SUBDUCTION ZONES; VOLATILE COMPOSITION; VOLATILE FLUX; VOLCANIC GAS; VOLCANIC GAS COMPOSITION;

BUDGET CONTROL; CARBON DIOXIDE; DEGASSING; HOT SPRINGS; SULFUR DIOXIDE; TECTONICS;

VOLCANOES;

DEGASSING; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SULFUR DIOXIDE; THERMAL SPRING; VOLCANIC ERUPTION; VOLCANIC GAS; VOLCANO;

JAPAN;

EID: 84888059126     PISSN: 03770273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.10.007     Document Type: Review

References (193)

1. Aguilera E., Cioni R., Gherardi F., Magro G., Marini L., Pang Z. Chemical and isotope characteristics of the Chachimbiro geothermal fluids (Ecuador). Geothermal 2005, 34:495-517.
2. Aiuppa A., Federico C., Giudice G., Gurrieri S. Chemical mapping of a fumarolic field: La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32(13):L13309. 10.1029/2005GL023207.
3. Aiuppa A., Bertagnini A., Métrich N., Moretti R., Di Muro A., Liuzzo M., Tamburello G. A model of degassing for Stromboli volcano. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 295:195-204.
4. Aiuppa A., Giudice G., Liuzzo M., Tamburello G., Allard P., Calabrese S., Chaplygin I., McGonigle A.J.S., Taran Y. First volatile inventory for Gorely volcano, Kamchatka. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L06307. 10.1029/2012GL051177.
5. 2 from Mount Etna. Nature 1991, 351:387-391.
6. Allard P., Carbonnelle J., Métrich N., Loyer H., Zettwoog P. Sulphur output and magma degassing budget of Stromboli volcano. Nature 1994, 368:326-330.
7. Allard P., Burton M., Muré F. Spectroscopic evidence for a lava fountain driven by previously accumulated magmatic gas. Nature 2005, 433:407-410.
8. Allard P., Behncke B., D'Amico S., Neri M., Gambino S. Mount Etna 1993-2005: anatomy of an evolving eruptive cycle. Earth Sci. Rev. 2006, 78:85-114.
9. 2, Cl and gas in Plinian and ash-flow Bishop rhyolite. Geology 1989, 17:221-225.
10. Andres R.J., Kasgnoc A.D. A time-averaged inventory of subaerial volcanic sulfur emissions. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:25251-25261.
11. Aramaki S., Ui T. Major element frequency distribution of the Japanese Quaternary volcanic rocks. Bull. Volcanol. 1978, 41:390-407.
12. 2 emissions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2008, 176:151-162.
13. 2 budget for Vanuatu island arc. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2012, 211-212:36-46.
14. Baubron J.C., Allard P., Toutain J.P. Diffuse volcanic emissions of carbon dioxide from Vulcano Island. Nature 1990, 344:51-53.
15. Bebout G.E. Volatile transfer and recycling at convergent margins: mass-balance and insights from high-P/T metamorphic rocks. Geophys. Monogr. 1996, 96:179-193.
16. Bertagnini A., Métrich N., Landi P., Rosi M. Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy): an open window on the deep-feeding system of a steady state basaltic volcano. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108. 10.1029/2002JB002146.
17. Bianchi D., Sarmiento J.L., Gnanadesikan A., Key R.M., Schlosser P., Newton R. Low helium flux from the mantle inferred from simulations of oceanic helium isotope data, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 297:379-386.
18. Bluth G.J.S., Schnetzler C.C., Krueger A.J., Walter L.S. The contribution of explosive volcanism to global atmospheric sulphur dioxide concentrations. Nature 1993, 336:327-329.
19. Brantley S.L., Koepenick K.W. Measured carbon dioxide emissions from Oldoinyo Lengai and the skewed distribution of passive volcanic fluxes. Geology 1995, 23:933-936.
20. Brombach T., Hunzikerm J., Chiodini G., Cardellini C., Marini L. Soil diffuse degassing and thermal energy fluxes from the southern Lakki plain, Nisyros (Greece). Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:69-72.
21. Burton M.R., Mader H.M., Polacci M. The role of gas percolation in quiescent degassing of persistently active basaltic volcanoes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 264:46-601.
22. Burton M., Sawyer G.M., Granieri D. Deep carbon emissions from volcanoes. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 2013, 75:323-354.
23. Carapezza M.L., Federico C. The contribution of fluid geochemistry to the volcano monitoring of Stromboli. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2000, 95:227-245.
24. 2 flux from soil: mapping and quantification of gas release. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108. 10.1029/2002JB002165.
25. Carn S.A., Krueger A.J., Bluth G.J.S., Schaefer S.J., Krotkov N.A., Watson I.M., Darra S. Volcanic eruption detection by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments: a 22-year record of sulphur dioxide and ash emissions. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 2003, 212:177-202.
26. Carn S.A., Krueger A.J., Krotkov N.A., Arellano S., Yang K. Daily monitoring of Ecuadorian volcanic degassing from space. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2008, 176(1):141-150. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.029.
27. 2O in subduction-zone magmatism: new insights from melt inclusions in high-Mg basalts from central Mexico. Geology 2003, 31:235-238.
28. Cervantes P., Wallace P.J. Magma degassing and basaltic eruption styles: a case study of the 2000yrB.P. eruption of Xitle volcano, central Mexico. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2003, 120:249-270.
29. 2 flux measurements in volcanic and geothermal areas. Appl. Geochem. 1998, 13:543-552.
30. Chiodini G., Avino R., Brombach T., Caliro S., Cardellini C., De Vita S., Frondini F., Marotta E., Ventura G. Fumarolic and diffuse soil degassing west of Mount Epomeo, Ischia (Italy). J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2004, 133:291-309.
31. Chiodini G., Baldini A., Barberi F., Carapezza M.L., Cardellini C., Frondini F., Granieri D., Ranaldi M. Carbon dioxide degassing at Latera caldera (Italy): evidence of geothermal reservoir and evaluation of its potential energy. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:B12204. 10.1029/2006JB004896.
32. Christopher T., Edmonds M., Humphreys M.C.S., Herd R.A. Volcanic gas emissions from Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat 1995-2009, with implications for mafic magma supply and degassing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37:L00E04. 10.1029/2009GL041325.
33. Clague D.A., Moore J.G., Dixon J.E., Friesen W.B. Petrology of submarine lavas from Kilauea's Puna Ridge, Hawaii. J. Petrol. 1995, 36:299-349.
34. Craig H. The geochemistry of the stable carbon isotopes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1953, 3:53-92.
35. 3He in deep water on the East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1975, 26:125-132.
36. Crisp J.A. Rates of magma emplacement and volcanic output. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1984, 20:177-211.
37. de Hoog J.C.M., Koetsier G.W., Bronto S., Sriwana T., van Bergen M.J. Sulfur and chlorine degassing from primitive arc magmas: temporal changes during the 1982-1983 eruptions of Galunggung (west, Java, Indonesia). J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2001, 108:55-83.
38. de Hoog J.C.M., Hattori K., Noblitt R.P. Oxidized sulfur-rich mafic magma at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Bull. Volcanol. 2004, 146(146):750-761.
39. Delgado-Granados H., Cárdenas González L., Piedad Sánchez N. Sulfur dioxide emissions from Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): case study of a high-emission rate, passively degassing erupting volcano. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2001, 108:107-120.
40. Devine J.D., Sigurdsson H., Davis A.N., Self S. Estimates of sulfur and chlorine yield to the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions and potential climatic effects. J. Geophys. Res. 1984, 89:6309-6325.
41. Edmonds M., Aiuppa A., Humphreys M., Moretti R., Giudice G., Martin R.S., Herd R.A., Christopher T. Excess volatiles supplied by mingling of mafic magma at an andesite arc volcano. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2010, 11. 10.1029/2009GC002781.
42. Ehara S. Geothermal activity of Iwo-jima. J. Geogr. 1985, 94:516-527. (in Japanese with English abstract).
43. Elkins L.J., Fischer T.P., Hilton D.R., Sharp Z.D., McKnight S., Walker J. Tracing nitrogen in volcanic and geothermal volatiles from the Nicaraguan volcanic front. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2006, 70:5215-5235.
44. 2, Cl, F) from arc volcanoes. Geochem. J. 2008, 42:21-38.
45. Fischer T.P., Marty B. Volatile abundances in the sub-arc mantle: insights from volcanic and hydrothermal gas emissions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2005, 140:205-216.
46. 2 degassing at Vesuvio, Italy. Bull. Volcanol. 2004, 66:642-651.
47. Gerardo J.Y., Nuti S., D'Amore F., Seastres J., Gonfiantini R. Isotopic evidence for magmatic and meteoric water recharge and the processes affecting reservoir fluids in the Palinpinon geothermal system, Philippines. Geothermal 1993, 22:521-533.
48. Gerlach T.M., Graeber E.J. Volatile budget of Kilauea volcano. Nature 1985, 313:273-277.
49. Gerlach T.M., McGee K.A. Total sulfur dioxide emissions and pre-eruption vapor-saturated magma at mount St. Helens, 1980-88. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1994, 21:2833-2836.
50. Gerlach T.M., Westrich H.R., Casadevall T.J., Finnegan D.L. Vapor saturation and accumulation in magmas of the 1989-1990 eruption of Redoubt volcano, Alaska. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1994, 62:317-337.
51. Gerlach T.M., Westrich H.R., Symonds R.B. Preeruption vapor in magma of the climactic Mount Pinatubo eruption: source of the giant stratospheric sulfur dioxide cloud. Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines 1996, 415-433. C.G. Newhall, R.S. Punongbayan (Eds.).
52. 2 emissions from soils of a Mammoth Mountain tree kill: Horseshoe Lake, CA, 1995-1997. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25:1947-1950.
53. Giggenbach W.F. Isotopic composition of geothermal water and steam discharges. D'Amore, F. (coordinator), Application of Geochemistry in Geothermal Reservoir Development 1991, 253-273. UNITAR, New York.
54. Giggenbach W.F. Isotopic shifts in waters from geothermal and volcanic systems along convergent plate boundaries and their origin. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1992, 113:495-510.
55. Giggenbach W.F. Variations in the chemical and isotopic composition of fluids discharged from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 1995, 68:89-116.
56. Giggenbach W.F. Chemical composition of volcanic gases. Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcanic Hazards 1996, 221-256. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. R. Scarpa, R.I. Tilling (Eds.).
57. Giggenbach W.F., Matsuo S. Evaluation of results from second and third IAVCEI field workshops on volcanic gases, Mt Usu, Japan, and White Island, New Zealand. Appl. Geochem. 1991, 6:125-141.
58. Giggenbach W.F., Tedesco D., Sulistiyo Y., Caprai A., Cioni R., Favara R., Fischer T.P., Hirabayashi J., Korzhinsky M., Martini M., Menyailov I., Shinohara H. Evaluation of results from the fourth and fifth IAVCEI field workshops on volcanic gases, Vulcano island, Italy and Java, Indonesia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2001, 108:157-172.
59. Gurenko A.A., Belousov A.B., Trumbull R.B., Sobolev A.V. Explosive basaltic volcanism of the Chikurachki volcano (Kurile arc, Russia): insights on pre-eruptive magmatic conditions and volatile budget revealed from phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions and groundmass glasses. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2005, 147:203-232.
60. 2, and Cl in a subduction related basalt. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1984, 57:120-128.
61. 2 and soil gas pressure gradient measurements at Tarumae volcano, Japan. Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Jpn. 2001, 46:121-125.
62. Hernández P.A., Notsu K., Salazar J.M., Mori T., Natale G., Okada H., Virgili G., Shimoike Y., Sato M., Pérez N.M. Carbon dioxide degassing by advective flow from Usu volcano, Japan. Science 2001, 292:83-86.
63. 2 from Miyakejima volcano, Japan. Chem. Geol. 2001, 177:175-185.
64. Hernández P.A., Notsu K., Tsurumi M., Mori T., Ohno M., Shimoike Y., Salazar J., Pérez N.M. Carbon dioxide emissions from soils at Hakkoda, north Japan. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:2210. 10.1029/2002JB001847.
65. 2 from Showa-Shinzan, Hokkaido, Japan: a sign of volcanic dome degassing. Pure Appl. Geophys. 2006, 163:869-881.
66. Hilton D.R., Fischer T.P., Marty B. Noble gases and volatile recycling at subduction zones. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 2002, 47:319-370.
67. Hirabayashi J., Mizuhashi M. The discharge rate of volatiles from Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Japan. Report of 4th Joint Observation of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano 2004, 167-174.
68. Hirabayashi J., Yoshida M., Ossaka J. Chemistry of volcanic gases from the 62-1 crater of Mt Tokachi, Hokkaido, Japan. Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Jpn. Ser. 1990, 2(35):205-215.
69. 2 from the summit area of Kusatsu-Shirane volcano. Report of 4th Joint Observation of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano 2004, 175-181. (in Japanese).
70. Hochstein M.P. Crustal heat transfer in the Taupo Volcanic Zone (New Zealand): comparison with other volcanic arcs and explanatory heat source models. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1995, 68:117-151.
71. Hoefs J. Ein Beitrag zur Isotopengeochemie des Kohlenstoffs in magmatischen Gesteinen. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1973, 41:277-300.
72. 2 output from Vulcano island (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2012, 13. 10.1029/2011GC003920.
73. Ito E., Harris D.M., Anderson A.T. Alteration of oceanic crust and geologic cycling of chlorine and water. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1983, 47:1613-1624.
74. 2 degassing in the Oregon Cascades. Geology 1999, 27:823-826.
75. Kanroji Y., Takahashi T., Horiuchi K. Studies on the regional distribution of thermal water qualities in Shiobara Spas, Tochigi prefecture. Onsenkougakujaishi 1999, 26:75-94. (in Japanese with English abstract).
76. 2 emission from Miyakejima volcano, Japan, caused by caldera collapse. Geology 2004, 32:425-428.
77. Kelemen P.B., Hanghøj K., Greene A.R. One view of the geochemistry of subduction-related magmatic arcs with an emphasis on primitive andesite and lower crust. The Crust: Treatise on Geochemistry 2003, 593-659. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford. R.L. Rudnick (Ed.).
78. Keppler H. The distribution of sulfur between haplogranitic melts and aqueous fluids. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2010, 74:645-660.
79. Kimbara K. Distribution map and catalogue of hot and mineral springs in Japan (2nd Edition, CD-ROM version). Geological Survey of Japan, Digital Geoscience Map Series, GT-2 2005.
80. Kimbara K., Sakaguchi K. Geology, distribution of hot springs and hydrothermal alteration zones of major geothermal areas in Japan. Geol. Surv. Jpn. Rep. 1989, 270:1-482. (in Japanese).
81. 2 from the aura ozone monitoring instrument (OMI). Geosci. Remote Sens. IEEE Trans. 2006, 44:1259-1266.
82. Kumagai S., Takahashi H. Crustal deformations on Iwo-jima: II. J. Geogr. 1985, 94:479-487. (in Japanese with English abstract).
83. 2-S-Cl. J. Petrol. 2011, 52:1737-1762.
84. 2 flux, and temperature on Masaya volcano, Nicaragua. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30(15):1817. 10.1029/2003GL017731.
85. Luhr J.F. Glass inclusions and melt volatile contents at Paricutin volcano, Mexico. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 2001, 142:261-283.
86. Luhr J.F., Carmichael I.S.E., Varekamp J.C. The 1982 eruptions of El Chichón volcano, Chipas, Mexico: mineralogy and petrology of the anhydrite-bearing pumices. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1984, 23:69-108.
87. Mariner R.H., Presser T.S., Evans W.C., Pringle M.K.W. Discharge rates of fluid and heat by thermal springs of the Cascade Range, Washington, Oregon, and northern California. J. Geophys. Res. 1990, 95:19517-19519.
88. Martin R.S., Sawyer G.M., Spampinato L., Salerno G.G., Ramirez C., Ilyinskaya E., Witt M.L.I., Mather T.A., Watson I.M., Phililips J.C., Oppenheimer C. A total volatile inventory for Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115. 10.1029/2010JB007480.
89. Martini M. Galeras. Bull. Glob. Volcanol. Netw. 1983, 18:7-9.
90. 2 fluxes from mid-ocean ridges, arcs and plumes. Chem. Geol. 1998, 145:233-248.
91. Mather T.A., Tsanev V.I., Pyle D.M., McGonigle A.J.S., Oppenheimer C., Allen A.G. Characterization and evolution of tropospheric plumes from Lascar and Villarrica volcanoes, Chile. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:D21303. 10.1029/2004JD004934.
92. Mather T.A., Pyle D.M., Tsanev V.I., McGonigle A.J.S., Oppenheimer C., Allen A.G. A reassessment of current volcanic emissions from the Central American arc with specific examples from Nicaragua. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2006, 149:297-311.
93. Matthews S.J., Sparks R.S.J., Gardeweg M.C. The Piedras Grandes-Soncor eruptions. Lascar volcano, Chile; evolution of a zoned magma chamber in the central Andean upper crust. J. Petrol. 1999, 40:1891-1919.
94. McCormick B.T., Edmonds M., Mather T.A., Carn S.A. First synoptic analysis of volcanic degassing in Papua New Guinea. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2012, G3:13. 10.1029/2011GC003945.
95. McGonigle A.J.S., Oppenheimer C., Tsanev V.I., Saunders S., Mulina K., Tohui S., Bosco J., Nahou J., Kuduon J., Taranu F. Sulphur dioxide fluxes from Papua New Guinea's volcanoes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31. L08606. 10.1029/2004GL019568.
96. Menyailov I.A., Nikitina L.P., Shapar V.N., Rozhkov A.M., Miklishanskii A.Z. Chemical composition and content of metals in gas emanations from the Alaid Volcano crater during 1981 eruption. Vulkanol. Seismol. 1986, 1:26-31.
97. Menyailov I.A., Nikitina L.P., Shapar V.N., Pilipenko V.P. Temperature increase and chemical change of fumarolic gases at Momotombo Volcano, Nicaragua, in 1982-1985: are these indicators of a possible eruption?. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, 91:12199-12214.
98. Métrich N., Allard P., Aiuppa A., Bani P., Bertagnini A., Shinohara H., Parello F., Di Muro A., Garaebiti E., Belhadj O., Massare D. Magma and volatile supply to post-collapse volcanism and block resurgence in Siwi caldera (Tanna Island, Vanuatu arc). J. Petrol. 2011, 52:1077-1105.
99. Michaud V., Clocchiatti R., Sbrana S. The Minoan and post-Minoan eruptions, Santorini (Greece), in the light of melt inclusions: chlorine and sulphur behaviors. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2000, 99:195-214.
100. 2 fluxes of subduction-zone volcanoes: example of a 32years exhaustive survey for Japanese volcanoes. J. Geophys. Res. 2013, 118. 10.1002/jgrd.50591.
101. Mörner N.-A., Ethiope G. Carbon degassing from the lithosphere. Global Planet. Chang. 2002, 33:185-203.
102. Morrero R., López D., Hernández P.A., Pérez N.M. Carbon dioxide discharged through the las Cañadas Auifer, Tenerife, Canary Islands. Pure Appl. Geophys. 2008, 165:147-172.
103. Mutou N., Matsubaya O. Origin and geochemical variation of geothermal water in the Tamagawa Hot Spring area, Akita, Japan. Chikyukagaku (Geochemistry) 2002, 36:81-88. (in Japanese with English abstract).
104. Nemoto M., Hayakawa M., Takahashi K., Oana S. Report on the geological, geophysical, and geochemical studies of Usu volcano (Showashinzan). Geol. Surv. Jpn. Rep. 1957, 170:1-149. (in Japanese).
105. Nesbitt H.W., Young G.M. Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48:1523-1534.
106. Newhall C.G., Self S. The volcanic explosivity index (VEI): an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism. J. Geotherm. Res. 1982, 87:1231-1238.
107. 2 solution model written in Visual Basic Excel. Comput. Geosci. 2002, 2:597-604.
108. Nishimura M. Geochemical study of hot springs in Noboribetsu. Onsenkagaku 1966, 16:60-64. (in Japanese with English abstract).
109. 2 efflux from Iwojima volcano, Izu-Ogasawara arc, Japan. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2005, 139:147-161.
110. Ohba T., Hirabayashi J.I., Yoshida M. Equilibrium temperature and redox state of volcanic gas at Unzen volcano, Japan. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1994, 60:263-272.
111. Ohba T., Hirabayashi J.I., Nogami K., Kusakabe M., Yoshida M. Magma degassing process during the eruption of Mt. Unzen, Japan in 1991 to 1995: modeling with the chemical composition of volcanic gas. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2008, 175:120-132.
112. Ohta K., Matsuwo N., Shimizu H., Fukui R., Kamada M., Kagiyama T. Emission rates of sulfur-dioxide from some volcanoes in Japan. Proc. Kagoshima International Conference on Volcanoes 1988 1988, 420-423.
113. Ohwada M., Kazahaya K., Itoh J., Morikawa N., Takahashi M., Takahashi H.A., Inamura A., Yasuhara M., Tsukamoto H. Passive degassing of magmatic volatiles from Iwate volcano, NE Japan, based on three-dimensional measurement of helium isotopes in groundwater. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:B02204. 10.1029/2011JB008532.
114. Oppenheimer C., Kyle P.R. Probing the magma plumbing of Erebus volcano, Antarctica, by open-path FTIR spectroscopy of gas emissions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2008, 177:743-754.
115. Oppenheimer C., Bani P., Calkins J.A., Burton M.R., Sawyer G.M. Rapid FTIR sensing of volcanic gases released by Strombolian explosions at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu. Appl. Phys. B 2006, 85:453-460.
116. Palais J.M., Sigurdsson H. Petrologic evidence of volatile emissions from major historic and pre-historic volcanic eruptions. Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 1989, 52:31-53.
117. 2 emission from volcanic lakes. Geology 2011, 39:235-238.
118. Pyle D.M., Beattie P.D., Bluth G.J.S. Sulphur emissions to the stratosphere from explosive volcanic eruptions. Bull. Volcanol. 1996, 57:663-671.
119. Roggensack K. Unraveling the 1974 eruption of Fuego volcano (Guatemala) with small crystals and their young melt inclusions. Geology 2001, 29:911-914.
120. Roggensack K., Williams S.N., Schaefer S.J., Parnell R.A. Volatiles from the 1994 eruptions of Rabaul: understanding large caldera systems. Science 1996, 273:490-493.
121. Roggensack K., Hervig R.L., McKnight S.B., Williams S.N. Explosive basaltic volcanism from Cerro Negro volcano: influence of volatiles on eruptive style. Science 1997, 277:1639-1642.
122. Rowe G.L., Brantley S.L., Fernandez M., Fernandez J.F., Borgia A., Barquero J. Fluid-volcano interaction in an active stratovolcano: the crater lake system of Poas volcano, Costa Rica. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1992, 49:23-51.
123. Rudnick R.L., Gao S. Composition of the continental crust. The Crust: Treatise on Geochemistry 2003, 1-64. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford. R.L. Rudnick (Ed.).
124. 2O/Ce: 2. Relationships to arc magma geochemistry and volatile fluxes. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2012, 13:Q03025. 10.1029/2011GC003887.
125. Rutherford M.J., Devine J.D. Preeruption pressure-temperature conditions and volatiles in the 1991 dacitic magma of Mount Pinatubo. Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines 1996, 751-766. C.G. Newhall, R.S. Punongbayan (Eds.).
126. Sadofsky S.J., Portnyagin M., Hoernle K., van den Bogaard P. Subduction cycling of volatiles and trace elements through the Central American volcanic arc: evidence from melt inclusions. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 2008, 155:433-456.
127. Saito G., Kazahaya K., Shinohara H., Stimac J., Kawanabe Y. Variation of volatile concentration in a magma system of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano deduced from melt inclusion analyses. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2001, 108:11-31.
128. Saito G., Uto K., Kazahaya K., Shinohara H., Kawanabe Y., Satoh H. Petrological characteristics and volatile content of magma from the 2000 eruption of Miyakejima volcano, Japan. Bull. Volcanol. 2005, 67:268-280.
129. 2 fluxes in and around the active crater of Aso Nakadake Volcano. Sci. Rep. Dpt. Earth Planet. Sci. Kyushu Univ. 2007, 22:51-52. (in Japanese with English abstract).
130. Salazar J.M., Hernández P.A., Pérez N.M., Melian G., Alvarez J., Segura F., Notsu K. Diffuse emission of carbon dioxide from Cerro Negro volcano, Nicaragua, Central America. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:4275-4278.
131. 2 degassing at the Santa Ana-Izalco-Coatepeque volcanic complex, El Salvador, Central America. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 2004, 375:135-146.
132. Sano Y., Williams S.N. Fluxes of mantle and subducted carbon along convergent plate boundaries. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1996, 23:2749-2752.
133. Sano Y., Takahata N., Nishio Y., Fischer T.P., Williams S.N. Volcanic flux of nitrogen from the Earth. Chem. Geol. 2001, 171:263-271.
134. Satoh H., Saito G., Shinohara H., Yamaguchi Y. Sulfur source for the 1991-1995 Unzen eruption: evidence from melt inclusions in pyroxenes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30(23). 10.1029/2003GL017629.
135. Sawyer G.M., Carn S.A., Tsanev V.I., Oppenheimer C., Burton M. Investigation into magma degassing at Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2008, 9:Q02017. 10.1029/2007GC001829.
136. Sawyer G.M., Oppenheimer C., Tsanev V.I., Yirgu G. Magmatic degassing at Erta 'Ale volcano, Ethiopia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2008, 178:837-846.
137. Scaillet B., Luhr J.F., Carrol M.R. Petrological and volcanological constraints on volcanic sulfur emissions to the atmosphere. Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 2003, 139:11-40.
138. Schneider A. Sulfur, abundance in common igneous rocks. Handbook of Geochemistry 1970, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (Section 16).
139. Schnetzler C.C., Bluth G.J.S., Krueger A.J., Walter L.S. A proposed volcanic sulfur dioxide index (VSI). J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102:20087-20091.
140. Scholl D.W., von Huene R. Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens. Geol. Soc. London Sp. Pub. 2009, 318:105-125. P. Cawood, A. Kröner (Eds.).
141. Self S., King A.J. Petrology and sulfur and chlorine emissions of the 1963 eruption of Gunung Agung, Bali, Indonesia. Bull. Volcanol. 1996, 58:263-285.
142. 2 emission from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1996, 139:105-113.
143. Shimoike Y. Behavior of volcanic fluids at Izu-Oshima volcano. Gougai Gekkan Kaiyo 1999, 19:88-94. (in Japanese).
144. 2 at Satsuma-Iwojima volcano, Japan. Earth Planets Space 2002, 54:239-247.
145. Shinohara H. A new technique to estimate volcanic gas composition: plume measurements with a portable multi-sensor system. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2005, 143:319-333.
146. Shinohara H. Excess degassing from volcanoes and its role on eruptive and intrusive activity. Rev. Geophys. 2008, 46. 10.1029/2007RG000244.
147. Shinohara H., Witter J. Volcanic gases emitted during mild Strombolian activity of Villarrica volcano, Chile. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32:L20308. 10.1029/2005GL024131.
148. Shinohara H., Kazahaya K., Saito G., Matsushima N., Kawanabe Y. Satsuma-Iwojima volcano, Japan: formation of a new degassing vent, 1990-1999. Earth Planets Space 2002, 54:175-185.
149. Shinohara H., Fukui K., Kazahaya K., Saito G. Degassing process of Miyakejima volcano: implications of gas emission rate and melt inclusion data. Advances in Volcanology 2003, 4:147-161.
150. Shinohara H., Yoshikawa S., Miyabuchi Y. Degassing activity of a volcanic crater lake: volcanic plume measurements at the Yudamari crater lake, Aso volcano, Japan. Volcanic Lakes 2014, Springer-Heidelberg, (in press). D. Rouwet, B. Christenson, F. Tassi, J. Vandemeulebrouck (Eds.).
151. Sigurdsson H., Carey S., Palais J.M., Devin J. Pre-eruption compositional gradients and mixing of andesite and dacite erupted from Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia in 1985. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1990, 42:127-151.
152. Simkin T. Terrestrial volcanism in space and time. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 1993, 21:427-452.
153. Sisson T.W., Bronto S. Evidence for pressure-release melting beneath magmatic arcs from basalt at Galunggung, Indonesia. Nature 1998, 391:883-886.
154. 2O in basalt and basaltic andesite glass inclusions from four subduction-related volcanoes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993, 117:619-635.
155. Stix J., Layne G.D., Williams S.N. Mechanisms of degassing at Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia. J. Geol. Soc. London 2003, 160:507-521.
156. Stoiber R.E., Malinconico L.L., Williams S.N. Use of the correlation spectrometer at volcanoes. Dev. Volcanol. 1983, 1:425-444.
157. Stoiber R.E., Williams S.N., Huebert B. Annual contribution of sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere by volcanoes. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1987, 33:1-8.
158. Sumi K. The relationship of the rates of convective heat discharge to the tectonic provinces in Japan. Bull. Geol. Surv. Jpn. 1977, 28:277-325. (in Japanese with English abstract).
159. 2 emissions from Augustine volcano, Alaska: the degassing of a Cl-rich volcanic system. Bull. Volcanol. 1990, 52:355-374.
160. Symonds R.B., Rose W.I., Bluth G.J.S., Gerlach T.M. Volcanic-gas studies: methods, results, and applications. Rev. Mineral. 1994, 30:1-66.
161. Symonds R.B., Mizutani Y., Briggs P.H. Long-term geochemical surveillance of fumaroles at Showa-Shinzan dome, Usu volcano, Japan. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1996, 73:177-211.
162. Tamura Y., Tatsumi Y. Remelting of an andesitic crust as a possible origin for rhyolitic magma in oceanic arcs: an example from the Izu-Bonin arc. J. Petrol. 2002, 43:1029-1047.
163. Taran Y.A. Geochemistry of volcanic and hydrothermal fluids and volatile budget of the Kamchatka-Kuril subduction zone. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2009, 73:1067-1094.
164. Taran Y.A., Pokrovsky B.G., Dubik Y.M. Isotopic composition and origin of water from andesitic magmas. Dokl. Acad. Sci. USSR 1989, 304:440-443.
165. Taran Y.A., Rozhkov A.M., Serafimova E.K., Esikov A.D. Chemical and isotopic composition of magmatic gases from the 1988 eruption of Klyuchevskoy volcano, Kamchatka. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1991, 46:255-263.
166. Taran Y.A., Pilipenko V.P., Rozhkov A.M., Vakin E.A. A geochemical model for fumaroles of the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka,USSR. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1992, 49:269-283.
167. Taran T.A., Hedenquist J.W., Korzhinsky M.A., Tkachenko S.I., Shmulovich K.I. Geochemistry of magmatic gases from Kudryavy volcano, Itrup, Kuril Islands. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1995, 59:1749-1761.
168. Taran Y.A., Connor C.B., Shapar V.N., Ovsyannikov A.A., Bilichenko A.A. Fumarolic activity of Avachinsky and Koryaksky volcanoes, Kamchatka, from 1993 to 1994. Bull. Volcanol. 1997, 58:441-448.
169. Tatsumi Y., Shukuno H., Tani K., Takahashi N., Kodaira S., Kogiso T. Structure and growth of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc crust: 2. Role of crust-mantle transformation and the transparent Moho in arc crust evolution. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:B02203. 10.1029/2007JB005121.
170. Terashima S., Ishihara S. Copper, lead, zinc, arsenic and sulfur of the Japanese granitoids (3): Green Tuff belt of northeast Japan and outer zone of southwest Japan. Bull. Geol. Surv. Jpn. 1986, 37:605-624.
171. Torgersen T. Terrestrial helium degassing fluxes and the atmospheric helium budget: implications with respect to the degassing processes of continental crust. Chem. Geol. 1989, 79:1-14.
172. 2 budget of Merapi volcano during inter-eruptive periods. Bull. Volcanol. 2009, 71:815-826.
173. Tsukamoto T. Showa 55 fiscal year, hot spring usage data list in Japan. Onsenkougakukaishi 1982, 16:1-65. (in Japanese).
174. Varekamp J.C., Kreulen R., Poorter R.P.E., Van Bergen M.J. Carbon sources in arc volcanism, with implications for the carbon cycle. Terra Nova 1992, 4:363-373.
175. Varley N.R., Armienta M.A. The absence of diffuse degassing at Popocatépetl volcano, Mexico. Chem. Geol. 2001, 177:157-173.
176. 2 flux measurements for Vulcano Island, Italy. Ann. Geophys. 2012, 55. 10.4401/ag-5759.
177. Wade J.A., Plank T., Melson W.G., Soto G.J., Hauri E.H. The volatile content of magmas from Arenal volcano, Costa Rica. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2006, 157:94-120.
178. Walker J.A., Roggensack K., Patino L.C., Cameron B.I., Matías O. The water and element contents of melt inclusions across an active subduction zone. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 2003, 146:62-77.
179. 2 emissions and the abundance and distribution of exsolved gas in magma bodies. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2001, 108:85-106.
180. Wallace P.J. Volatiles in subduction zone magmas: concentrations and fluxes based on melt inclusion and volcanic gas data. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2005, 140:217-240.
181. Wallace P.J., Gerlach T.M. Magmatic vapor source for sulfur dioxide released during volcanic eruptions: evidence from Mount Pinatubo. Science 1994, 265:497-499.
182. Wardell L.J., Kyle P.R., Dunbar N., Christenson B. White Island volcano, New Zealand: carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emission rates and melt inclusion studies. Chem. Geol. 2001, 177:187-200.
183. Webster J.D., Botcharnikov R.E. Distribution of sulfur between melt and fluid in SOHC-Cl-bearing magmatic systems at shallow crustal pressures and temperatures. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 2011, 73:247-283.
184. 2 concentrations of fluid-saturated felsic melt at 200MPa. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 2011, 162:849-865.
185. Wedepohl H.K. The composition of the continental crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1995, 59:1217-1232.
186. Werner C., Hurst T., Scott B., Sherburn S., Christenson B.W., Britten K., Cole-Baker J., Mullan B. Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:B01204. 10.1029/2007JB005094.
187. Werner C.A., Doukas M.P., Kelly P.J. Gas emissions from failed and actual eruptions from Cook Inlet Volcanoes, Alaska, 1989-2006. Bull. Volcanol. 2011, 73:155-173.
188. 2 cloud from the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Geology 1992, 20:867-870.
189. Witter J.B., Kress V.C., Delmelle P., Stix J. Volatile degassing, petrology, and magma dynamics of the Villarrica Lava Lake, Southern Chile. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2004, 134:303-337.
190. Witter J.B., Kress V.C., Newhall C.G. Volcán Popocatépetl, Mexico. Petrology, magma mixing, and immediate sources of volatiles for the 1994-present eruption. J. Petrol. 2005, 46:2337-2366.
191. Yamamoto M., Koike T., Masui F., Shiota A., Tsurita H., Ohtsuka A., Nogami K., Ossaka J. Isotope geochemistry of hos spring waters on the eastern side of Kusatsu-Shirane volano, Gunma prefecture, Japan. Onsenkagaku 1997, 47:68-75.
192. Yoshiike Y. Variation in chemical composition of the Tamagawa hot springs, Akita prefecture (1912-1991). Onsenkagaku 1993, 43:56-67. (in Japanese with English abstract).
193. 2 fluxes from Galeras volcano, Colombia, 1989-1995: progressive degassing and conduit obstruction of a Decade Volcano. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1997, 77:195-208.