Ductal carcinoma in situ

Management of Breast Diseases

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 201-225

  Ciocca, Robin M ^a   Morrow, Monica ^b  

^a FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^b MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84887987039     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69743-5_12     Document Type: Chapter

References (143)

1. Ernster VL, Barclay J, Kerlikowske K et al (1996) Incidence of and treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. JAMA. 275:913-8
2. Ernster VL, Ballard-Barbash R, Barlow WE et al (2002) Detection of ductal carcinoma in situ in women undergoing screening mammography. J Natl Cancer Inst. 94:1546-54
3. Li CI, Daling JR, Malone KE (2005) Age-specific incidence rates of in situ breast carcinomas by histologic type, 1980 to Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 14:1008-11
4. Li CI, Malone KE, Saltzman BS et al (2006) Risk of invasive breast carcinoma among women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ, 1988-2001. Cancer. 106:2104-12
5. Rosner D, Bedwani RN, Vana J et al (1980) Noninvasive breast carcinoma: results of a National Survey by the American College of Surgeons. Ann Surg. 192:139-47
6. Goedde TA, Frykberg ER, Crump JM et al (1992) The impact of mammography on breast biopsy. Am Surg. 58:661-6
7. Ikeda DM, Andersson I (1989) Ductal carcinoma in situ: atypical mammographic appearances. Radiology. 172:661-6
8. Holland R, Hendriks JH (1994) Microcalcifications associated with ductal carcinoma in situ: mammographic-pathologic correlation. Semin Diagn Pathol. 11:181-92
9. Stomper PC, Connolly JL (1992) Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: correlation between mammographic calcification and tumor subtype. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 159:483-5
10. Holland R, Hendriks JH, Vebeek AL et al (1990) Extent, distribution and mammographic/histological correlations of breast ductal carcinoma in situ. Lancet. 335:519-22
11. Evans A (2003) The diagnosis and management of pre-invasive breast disease: radiological diagnosis. Breast Cancer Res. 5:250-3
12. Gilles R, Guinebretiere JM, Lucidarme O et al (1994) Nonpalpable breast tumors: diagnosis with contrast-enhanced subtraction dynamic MR imaging. Radiology. 191:625-31
13. Orel SG, Schnall MD, Powell CM et al (1995) Staging of suspected breast cancer: effect of mr imaging and MR-guided biopsy. Radiology. 196:115-22
14. Boetes C, Mus RD, Holland R et al (1995) Breast tumors: comparative accuracy of MR imaging relative to mammography and US for demonstrating extent. Radiology. 197:743-7
15. Fobben ES, Rubin CZ, Kalisher L et al (1995) Breast MR imaging with commercially available techniques: radiologicpathologic correlation. Radiology. 196:143-52
16. Bluemke DA, Gatsonis CA, Chen MH et al (2004) Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast prior to biopsy. JAMA. 292:2735-42
17. Kriege M, Brekelmans CT, Boetes C et al (2004) Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familial or genetic predisposition. N Engl J Med. 351:427-37
18. Kuhl CK, Schrading S, Bieling HB et al (2007) MRI for diagnosis of pure ductal carcinoma in situ: a prospective observational study. Lancet. 370:485-92
19. Menell JH, Morris EA, Dershaw DD et al (2005) Determination of the presence and extent of pure ductal carcinoma in situ by mammography and magnetic resonance imaging. Breast J. 11:382-90
20. Gilles R, Zafrani B, Guinebretiere JM et al (1995) Ductal carcinoma in situ: MR imaging-histopathologic correlation. Radiology. 196:415-9
21. Schouten van der Velden AP, Boetes C, Bult P et al (2006) The value of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis and size assessment of in situ and small invasive breast carcinoma. Am J Surg. 192:172-8
22. Esserman LJ, Kumar AS, Herrera AF et al (2006) Magnetic resonance imaging captures the biology of ductal carcinoma in situ. J Clin Oncol. 24:4603-10
23. Solin LJ, Orel SG, Hwang WT et al (2008) Relationship of breast magnetic resonance imaging to outcome after breastconservation treatment with radiation for women with early-stage invasive breast carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ. J Clin Oncol. 26:386-91
24. Jackman RJ, Nowels KW, Rodriguez-Soto J et al (1999) Stereotactic, automated, large-core needle biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions: false-negative and histologic underestimation rates after long-term follow-up. Radiology. 210:799-805
25. Groenewoud JH, Pijnappel RM, van den Akker-Van Marle ME et al (2004) Cost-effectiveness of stereotactic large-core needle biopsy for nonpalpable breast lesions compared to open-breast biopsy. Br J Cancer. 90:383-92
26. Gundry KR, Berg WA (1998) Treatment issues and core needle breast biopsy: clinical context. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171:41-9
27. Pfarl G, Helbich TH, Riedl CC et al (2002) Stereotactic 11-gauge vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: a validation study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 179:1503-7
28. Golub RM, Bennett CL, Stinson T et al (2004) Cost minimization study of image-guided core biopsy versus surgical excisional biopsy for women with abnormal mammograms. J Clin Oncol. 22:2430-7
29. Morrow M, Harris JR (2007) Practice guideline for the management of ductal carcinoma in-situ of the breast (dcis). J Am Coll Surg. 205:145-61
30. Bassett L, Winchester DP, Caplan RB et al (1997) Stereotactic core-needle biopsy of the breast: a report of the joint task force of the American college of radiology, American college of surgeons and college of American pathologists. CA Cancer J Clin. 47:171-90
31. Melotti MK, Berg WA (2000) Core needle breast biopsy in patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy: preliminary results. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174:245-9
32. Sakorafas GH, Tsiotou AG (2000) Ductal carcinoma in situ (dcis) of the breast: evolving perspectives. Cancer Treat Rev. 26:103-25
33. Burbank F (1997) Stereotactic breast biopsy of atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ lesions: improved accuracy with directional, vacuum-assisted biopsy. Radiology. 202:843-7
34. Mendez I, Andreu FJ, Saez E et al (2001) Ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast diagnosed at stereotactic core biopsy. Breast J. 7:14-8
35. Lee CH, Carter D, Philpotts LE et al (2000) Ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed with stereotactic core needle biopsy: can invasion be predicted? Radiology. 217:466-70
36. Liberman L, Dershaw DD, Rosen PP et al (1995) Stereotaxic core biopsy of breast carcinoma: accuracy at predicting invasion. Radiology. 194:379-81
37. Tavassoli F, Devilee P (2003) World health organization: tumors of the breast and female genital organs. IARC, Lyon, France, p 67
38. Rosen PP (1997) Intraductal carcinoma; breast pathology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 227-73
39. Schwartz GF, Lagios MD, Carter D et al (1997) Consensus conference on the classification of ductal carcinoma in situ. Hum Pathol. 28:1221-5
40. Silverstein MJ, Poller DN, Waisman JR et al (1995) Prognostic classification of breast ductal carcinoma-in-situ. Lancet. 345:1154-7
41. Porter DA, Krop IE, Nasser S et al (2001) A sage (serial analysis of gene expression) view of breast tumor progression. Cancer Res. 61:5697-702
42. Porter D, Lahti-Domenici J, Keshaviah A et al (2003) Molecular markers in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Mol Cancer Res. 1:362-75
43. Ma XJ, Salunga R, Tuggle JT et al (2003) Gene expression profiles of human breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:5974-9
44. Burstein HJ, Polyak K, Wong JS et al (2004) Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. N Engl J Med. 350:1430-41
45. Page DL, Dupont WD, Rogers LW et al (1982) Intraductal carcinoma of the breast: follow-up after biopsy only. Cancer. 49:751-8
46. Page DL, Dupont WD, Rogers LW et al (1995) Continued local recurrence of carcinoma 15-25 years after a diagnosis of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated only by biopsy. Cancer. 76:1197-200
47. Rosen PP, Braun DW Jr, Kinne DE (1980) The clinical significance of pre-invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer. 46:919-25
48. Eusebi V, Feudale E, Foschini MP et al (1994) Long-term follow-up of in situ carcinoma of the breast. Semin Diagn Pathol. 11:223-35
49. Bartow SA, Pathak DR, Black WC et al (1987) Prevalence of benign, atypical and malignant breast lesions in populations at different risk for breast cancer. A forensic autopsy study. Cancer. 60:2751-60
50. Alpers CE, Wellings SR (1985) The prevalence of carcinoma in situ in normal and cancer-associated breasts. Hum Pathol. 16:796-807
51. Bhathal PS, Brown RW, Lesueur GC et al (1985) Frequency of benign and malignant breast lesions in 207 consecutive autopsies in Australian women. Br J Cancer. 51:271-8
52. Kramer WM, Rush BF Jr (1973) Mammary duct proliferation in the elderly. A histopathologic study. Cancer. 31:130-7
53. Nielsen M, Thomsen JL, Primdahl S et al (1987) Breast cancer and atypia among young and middle-aged women: a study of 110 medicolegal autopsies. Br J Cancer. 56:814-9
54. Kauff ND, Brogi E, Scheuer L et al (2003) Epithelial lesions in prophylactic mastectomy specimens from women with BRCA mutations. Cancer. 97:1601-8
55. Hoogerbrugge N, Bult P, de Widt-Levert LM et al (2003) High prevalence of premalignant lesions in prophylactically removed breasts from women at hereditary risk for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 21:41-5
56. Gapstur SM, Morrow M, Sellers TA (1999) Hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer with a favorable histology: results of the Iowa women's health study. JAMA. 281:2091-7
57. Kerlikowske K, Barclay J, Grady D et al (1997) Comparison of risk factors for ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 89:76-82
58. Claus EB, Stowe M, Carter D (2001) Breast carcinoma in situ: risk factors and screening patterns. J Natl Cancer Inst. 93:1811-7
59. Warnberg F, Nordgren H, Bergkvist L et al (2001) Tumor markers in breast carcinoma correlate with grade rather than with invasiveness. Br J Cancer. 85:869-74
60. Zhuang Z, Merino MJ, Chuaqui R et al (1995) Identical allelic loss on chromosome 11q13 in microdissected in situ and invasive human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 55:467-71
61. O'Sullivan MJ, Morrow M (2007) Ductal carcinoma in situ-current management. Surg Clin North Am. 2007;87:333-51, viii
62. Haagensen C (1971) Diseases of the breast., 2nd edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia
63. Kinne DW, Petrek JA, Osborne MP et al (1989) Breast carcinoma in situ. Arch Surg. 124:33-6
64. Jha MK, Avlonitis VS, Griffith CD et al (2001) Aggressive local treatment for screen-detected DCIS results in very low rates of recurrence. Eur J Surg Oncol. 27:454-8
65. Ward BA, McKhann CF, Ravikumar TS (1992) Ten-year follow-up of breast carcinoma in situ in Connecticut. Arch Surg. 127:1392-5
66. Silverstein MJ, Barth A, Poller DN et al (1995) Ten-year results comparing mastectomy to excision and radiation therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Eur J Cancer. 31 A: 1425-7
67. Arnesson LG, Smeds S, Fagerberg G et al (1989) Follow-up of two treatment modalities for ductal cancer in situ of the breast. Br J Surg. 76:672-5
68. Warneke J, Grossklaus D, Davis J et al (1995) Influence of local treatment on the recurrence rate of ductal carcinoma in situ. J Am Coll Surg. 180:683-8
69. Morrow M, Strom EA, Bassett LW et al (2002) Standard for the management of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS). CA Cancer J Clin. 52:256-76
70. Fisher B, Land S, Mamounas E et al (2001) Prevention of invasive breast cancer in women with ductal carcinoma in situ: an update of the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project experience. Semin Oncol. 28:400-18
71. Bijker N, Meijnen P, Peterse JL et al (2006) Breast-conserving treatment with or without radiotherapy in ductal carcinomainsitu: ten-year results of European organization for research and treatment of cancer randomized phase iii trial 10853-a study by the EORTC breast cancer cooperative group and EORTC radiotherapy group. J Clin Oncol. 24:3381-7
72. Houghton J, George WD, Cuzick J et al (2003) Radiotherapy and tamoxifen in women with completely excised ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand: randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 362:95-102
73. Emdin SO, Granstrand B, Ringberg A et al (2006) Swedcis: radiotherapy after sector resection for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Results of a randomized trial in a population offered mammography screening. Acta Oncol. 45:536-43
74. Fisher B, Dignam J, Wolmark N et al (1998) Lumpectomy and radiation therapy for the treatment of intraductal breast cancer: findings from national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project b-17. J Clin Oncol. 16:441-52
75. Viani GA, Stefano EJ, Afonso SL et al (2007) Breastconserving surgery with or without radiotherapy in women with ductal carcinoma in situ: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Radiat Oncol. 2:28
76. Clarke M, Collins R, Darby S et al (2005) Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomized trials. Lancet. 366:2087-106
77. Faverly DR, Burgers L, Bult P et al (1994) Three-dimensional imaging of mammary ductal carcinoma in situ: clinical implications. Semin Diagn Pathol. 11:193-8
78. Neuschatz AC, Di Petrillo T, Steinhoff M et al (2002) The value of breast lumpectomy margin assessment as a predictor of residual tumor burden in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cancer. 94:1917-24
79. Rodrigues N, Carter D, Dillon D et al (2002) Correlation of clinical and pathologic features with outcome in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 54:1331-5
80. Nakamura S, Woo C, Silberman H et al (2002) Breastconserving therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ: a 20-year experience with excision plus radiation therapy. Am J Surg. 184:403-9
81. Dunne C, Burke JP, Morrow M (2009) et al The effect of margin status on the local recurrence following breast conservation and radiation therapy for DCIS. J Clin Oncol. 27:1615-20
82. Solin LJ, Fourquet A, Vicini FA et al (2001) Mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation: long-term outcome and prognostic significance of patient age and margin status. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 50:991-1002
83. Fisher ER, Dignam J, Tan-Chiu E et al (1999) Pathologic findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast project (nsabp) eight-year update of protocol b-17: intraductal carcinoma. Cancer. 86:429-38
84. Fisher ER, Land SR, Saad RS et al (2007) Pathologic variables predictive of breast events in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ. Am J Clin Pathol. 128:86-91
85. Silverstein MJ, Lagios MD, Craig PH et al (1996) A prognostic index for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cancer. 77:2267-74
86. Provenzano E, Hopper JL, Giles GG et al (2003) Biological markers that predict clinical recurrence in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Eur J Cancer. 39:622-30
87. Cornfield DB, Palazzo JP, Schwartz GF et al (2004) The prognostic significance of multiple morphologic features and biologic markers in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a study of a large cohort of patients treated with surgery alone. Cancer. 100:2317-27
88. Lagios MD, Margolin FR, Westdahl PR et al (1989) Mammographically detected duct carcinoma in situ. Frequency of local recurrence following tylectomy and prognostic effect of nuclear grade on local recurrence. Cancer. 63:618-24
89. Silverstein MJ (2002) The Van Nuys/university of Southern California experience by treatment; ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 337-42
90. Silverstein MJ, Lagios MD, Groshen S et al (1999) The influence of margin width on local control of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. N Engl J Med. 340:1455-61
91. Hiramatsu H, Bornstein BA, Recht A et al (1995) Local recurrence after conservative surgery and radiation therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ: possible importance of family history. Cancer J Sci Am. 1:55-61
92. Macausland SG, Hepel JT, Chong FK et al (2007) An attempt to independently verify the utility of the Van Nuys prognostic index for ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer. 110:2648-53
93. Carpenter R, Boulter PS, Cooke T et al (1989) Management of screen detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the female breast. Br J Surg. 76:564-7
94. Schwartz GF, Finkel GC, Garcia JC et al (1992) Subclinical ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Treatment by local excision and surveillance alone. Cancer. 70:2468-74
95. Kestin LL, Goldstein NS, Martinez AA et al (2000) Mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ treated with conservative surgery with or without radiation therapy: patterns of failure and 10-year results. Ann Surg. 231:235-45
96. Sanders ME, Schuyler PA, Dupont WD et al (2005) The natural history of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in women treated by biopsy only revealed over 30 years of long-term follow-up. Cancer. 103:2481-4
97. Wong JS, Kaelin CM, Troyan SL et al (2006) Prospective study of wide excision alone for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Clin Oncol. 24:1031-6
98. Hughes L, Wang M, Page DL et al Local excision alone without irradiation for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a trial of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. (in press)
99. Winchester DP, Menck HR, Osteen RT et al (1995) Treatment trends for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Ann Surg Oncol. 2:207-13
100. Silverstein MJ, Rosser RJ, Gierson ED et al (1987) Axillary lymph node dissection for intraductal breast carcinoma-is it indicated? Cancer. 59:1819-24
101. Solin LJ, Kurtz J, Fourquet A et al (1996) Fifteen-year results of breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation for the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Clin Oncol. 14:754-63
102. Klauber-De More N, Tan LK, Liberman L et al (2000) Sentinel lymph node biopsy: is it indicated in patients with high-risk ductal carcinoma-in-situ and ductal carcinomainsitu with microinvasion? Ann Surg Oncol. 7:636-42
103. Pendas S, Dauway E, Giuliano R et al (2000) Sentinel node biopsy in ductal carcinoma in situ patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 7:15-20
104. Lara JF, Young SM, Velilla RE et al (2003) The relevance of occult axillary micrometastasis in ductal carcinoma in situ: a clinicopathologic study with long-term follow-up. Cancer. 98:2105-13
105. Julian TB, Land SR, Fourchotte V et al (2007) Is sentinel node biopsy necessary in conservatively treated DCIS? Ann Surg Oncol. 14:2202-8
106. Fisher B, Dignam J, Wolmark N et al (1999) Tamoxifen in treatment of intraductal breast cancer: national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project b-24 randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 353:1993-2000
107. Wilke LG, McCall LM, Posther KE et al (2006) Surgical complications associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy: results from a prospective international cooperative group trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 13:491-500
108. Dunn BK, Wickerham DL, Ford LG (2005) Prevention of hormone-related cancers: breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 23:357-67
109. Anon (1998) Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early breast cancer trialists' collaborative group. Lancet. 351:1451-67
110. Fisher B, Bryant J, Dignam JJ et al (2002) Tamoxifen, radiation therapy or both for prevention of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after lumpectomy in women with invasive breast cancers of one centimeter or less. J Clin Oncol. 20:4141-9
111. Allred D, Bryant J, Land S et al (2002) Estrogen receptor expression as a predictive marker of the effectiveness of tamoxifen in the treatment of DCIS: findings from NSABP b-24. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 76:S36
112. Dignam JJ, Fisher B (2000) Occurrence of stroke with tamoxifen in NSABP b-24. Lancet. 355:848-9
113. Baum M, Buzdar A, Cuzick J et al (2003) Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer: results of the ATAC (arimidex, tamoxifen alone or in combination) trial efficacy and safety update analyses. Cancer. 98:1802-10
114. Coates AS, Keshaviah A, Thurlimann B et al (2007) Five years of letrozole compared with tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with endocrineresponsive early breast cancer: update of study big 1-98. J Clin Oncol. 25:486-92
115. Goss PE (2003) Emerging role of aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant setting. Am J Clin Oncol. 26:S27-33
116. NSABP. Clinical trials overview web site. Pittsburgh, PA; 2007
117. International breast cancer intervention study-ii web site: IBIS Trials; 2007
118. Morrow M, Bucci C, Rademaker A (1998) Medical contraindications are not a major factor in the underutilization of breast conserving therapy. J Am Coll Surg. 186:269-74
119. Patchefsky AS, Schwartz GF, Finkelstein SD et al (1989) Heterogeneity of intraductal carcinoma of the breast. Cancer. 63:731-41
120. Bauer RL, Eckhert KH Jr, Nemoto T (1998) Ductal carcinoma in situ-associated nipple discharge: a clinical marker for locally extensive disease. Ann Surg Oncol. 5:452-5
121. Yen TW, Kuerer HM, Ottesen RA et al (2007) Impact of randomized clinical trial results in the national comprehensive cancer network on the use of tamoxifen after breast surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ. J Clin Oncol. 25:3251-8
122. O'Sullivan MJ, Li T, Freedman G et al (2007) The effect of multiple reexcisions on the risk of local recurrence after breast conserving surgery. Ann Surg Oncol. 14:3133-40
123. Katz SJ, Lantz PM, Janz NK et al (2005) Patient involvement in surgery treatment decisions for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 23:5526-33
124. Katz SJ, Lantz PM, Janz NK et al (2005) Patterns and correlates of local therapy for women with ductal carcinomainsitu. J Clin Oncol. 23:3001-7
125. Fowble B, Hanlon AL, Fein DA et al (1997) Results of conservative surgery and radiation for mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 38:949-57
126. Ashkanani F, Sarkar T, Needham G et al (2001) What is achieved by mammographic surveillance after breast conservation treatment for breast cancer? Am J Surg. 182:207-10
127. Dershaw DD (1995) Mammography in patients with breast cancer treated by breast conservation (lumpectomy with or without radiation). AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164:309-16
128. Dershaw DD, Shank B, Reisinger S (1987) Mammographic findings after breast cancer treatment with local excision and definitive irradiation. Radiology. 164:455-61
129. Mendelson EB (1992) Evaluation of the postoperative breast. Radiol Clin North Am. 30:107-38
130. Dershaw DD, McCormick B, Osborne MP (1992) Detection of local recurrence after conservative therapy for breast carcinoma. Cancer. 70:493-6
131. Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W et al (2007) American cancer society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA Cancer J Clin. 57:75-89
132. Lagios MD (1990) Duct carcinoma in situ. Pathology and treatment. Surg Clin North Am. 70:853-71
133. Cutuli B, Teissier E, Piat JM et al (1992) Radical surgery and conservative treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Eur J Cancer. 28:649-54
134. Solin LJ, Fourquet A, Vicini FA et al (2005) Salvage treatment for local or local-regional recurrence after initial breast conservation treatment with radiation for ductal carcinoma in situ. Eur J Cancer. 41:1715-23
135. Graham MD, Lakhani S, Gazet JC (1991) Breast conserving surgery in the management of in situ breast carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 17:258-64
136. Deutsch M (2002) Repeat high-dose external beam irradiation for in-breast tumor recurrence after previous lumpectomy and whole breast irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 53:687-91
137. Kim JH, Tavassoli F, Haffty BG (2006) Chest wall relapse after mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ: a report of 10 cases with a review of the literature. Cancer J. 12:92-101
138. Lee LA, Silverstein MJ, Chung CT et al (2006) Breast cancerspecific mortality after invasive local recurrence in patients with ductal carcinoma-in-situ of the breast. Am J Surg. 192:416-9
139. Port ER, Garcia-Etienne CA, Park J et al (2007) Reoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy: a new frontier in the management of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. Ann Surg Oncol. 14:2209-14
140. Intra M, Trifiro G, Viale G et al (2005) Second biopsy of axillary sentinel lymph node for reappearing breast cancer after previous sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol. 12:895-9
141. Barone JL, Feldman SM, Estabrook A et al (2007) Reoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with locally recurrent breast cancer. Am J Surg. 194:491-3
142. Roumen RM, Kuijt GP, Liem IH (2006) Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node harvesting in patients with recurrent breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 32:1076-81
143. Port ER, Fey J, Gemignani ML et al (2002) Reoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy: a new option for patients with primary or locally recurrent breast carcinoma. J Am Coll Surg. 195:167-72